The data are soil moisture data of tianlaochi watershed in Qilian Mountain. The TDR probes of soil moisture in the whole watershed were buried on July, 19-august 23, 2013. The positions of these probes can represent the whole tianlaochi watershed. The four altitudes of Picea forest slope, shrub slope, Sabina forest slope and steppe were mainly sampled. The first observation will be carried out on July 19, with an interval of one week. If there is rainfall time, the observation will be carried out on the next day. At the last time of observation, soil samples were taken from all sampling points, and soil mass moisture content was measured in the laboratory, aiming to correct the data observed by TDR probe.

1. Data overview: this data is sampled from June 21, 2012 to August 25, 2012. The sampling frequency is once a week. The sampling point is located at the outlet flow weir of hulugou small watershed in the upper reaches of Heihe River, with the longitude and latitude of 99 ° 52 ′ 47.7 ″ E and 38 ° 16 ′ 11 ″ n. 2. Data content: this data set includes the ammonia nitrogen value, Doc value and anion ion value of river water at the outlet of the basin. Data acquisition means: ammonia nitrogen value is measured by hash DR2800 ultraviolet spectrophotometer; doc value is measured by analytikjena multi n / c3100 total nitrogen and total carbon tester; anion value is measured by 761 / 813 ion chromatograph of Swiss Wantong; cation is measured by iris intrepid Ⅱ xspicp-aes of us thermoelectricity.

From July 21 to September 2, 2012, the observation data of snowmelt water temperature and near surface temperature in hulugou small watershed were observed by hobo automatic temperature recorder, with the observation frequency of once / 15 minutes, and the near surface temperature recorder was 20cm away from the surface. The observation point 01 is an ice lake, which is formed by the permanent snow supply of Hunan slope. The lake is approximately triangular, and the long side trend is parallel to the slope foot, with the coordinates of 99 ° 53 ′ 11 ″ E and 38 ° 13 ′ 6 ″ n. The observation period is from July 21, 2012 to September 2, 2012. No.02 observation point is located under the ice lake, the source of the East tributary of hulugou, the foot of permanent snow slope and the lower edge of snow melting. The coordinates are 99 ° 53 ′ 12 ″ e, 38 ° 13 ′ 6 ″ n. The observation period is from July 21, 2012 to September 2, 2012. The distance between the two points is relatively close, and the near surface temperature is the uniform temperature, which is the near surface temperature of point 01.

Sketch map of 1:50000 geological map of hulugou small watershed in 2012, hulugou watershed is composed of Quaternary loose stratum and pre Cenozoic bedrock stratum. The pores of the bedrock stratum are mainly fissures and covered with thin residual slope deposits. The Pleistocene alluvial proluvial sand gravel layer (q3al + PL) above the piedmont plain is dominant. The loose formation in the front of the glacier is Holocene moraine gravel layer (q4gl), which is distributed under the modern cirque and forms lateral moraine and final moraine dike (ridge).

1. Data overview: this data set is the total surface runoff of hulugou drainage basin controlled by the outlet hydrological section of Qilian station from January 1, 2011 to November 2, 2011. 2. Data content: the flow data of the hydrological section at the outlet of hulugou, and the flow of the hydrological section at the outlet of the drainage basin is regularly observed at 08:00, 14:00 and 20:00 every day (the ls45a rotating cup type current meter produced by Chongqing Huazheng Hydrological Instrument Co., Ltd. is used for measurement). At the same time, hobo pressure water level gauge is used to monitor the change of water level in real time and establish the relationship between water level and discharge. 3. Space time scope: geographic coordinates: longitude: 99 ° 53 ′ E; latitude: 38 ° 16 ′ n; altitude: 2962.5m.

1. Data overview: this data set is the total surface runoff of hulugou drainage basin controlled by the outlet hydrological section of Qilian station from January 1, 2012 to December 1, 2012. 2. Data content: at 08:00, 14:00 and 20:00 every day, the flow rate and water level change of the outlet hydrological section of hulugou River Basin are regularly observed (the flow rate is measured by ls45a rotating cup type flow meter produced by Chongqing Huazheng Hydrological Instrument Co., Ltd., and the water level change is monitored in real time by hobo pressure type water level meter), the water level flow relationship is established, and the outlet flow of the river basin is calculated. 3. Space time scope: geographic coordinates: longitude: 99 ° 53 ′ E; latitude: 38 ° 16 ′ n; altitude: 2962.5m.

1. Data overview: this data set is the total surface runoff of hulugou drainage basin controlled by the outlet hydrological section of Qilian station from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013. 2. Data content: at 08:00, 14:00 and 20:00 every day, the flow rate and water level change of the outlet hydrological section of hulugou River Basin are regularly observed (the flow rate is measured by ls45a rotating cup type flow meter produced by Chongqing Huazheng Hydrological Instrument Co., Ltd., and the water level change is monitored in real time by hobo pressure type water level meter), the water level flow relationship is established, and the outlet flow of the river basin is calculated. 3. Space time scope: geographic coordinates: longitude: 99 ° 53 ′ E; latitude: 38 ° 16 ′ n; altitude: 2962.5m.

1. Data overview: Eddy covariance system is a micrometeorological measurement method.It USES the principle of vorticity correlation to measure the material exchange and energy exchange of the atmosphere cushion surface with a fast response sensor.The core of open circuit eddy covariance system is composed of CR1000 data collector, CSAT3 3d ultrasonic wind speed and direction sensor, and li-7500 open circuit CO2/H2O gas analyzer (EC150).The eddy covariance system is a newly purchased instrument of this project, which takes a long time to order. It was installed in early October 2011, and the data is relatively short.This data set is the vorticity covariance data of qilian station from October 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 at 30min. 2. Data content: The observation items are: horizontal wind speed Ux (m/s), horizontal wind speed Uy (m/s), vertical wind speed Uz (m/s), ultrasonic temperature Ts (Celsius), co2 concentration (mg/m^3), water vapor concentration (g/m^3), pressure press (KPa).The data sampling rate is 10Hz per second. 3. Space and time range: Geographical coordinates: longitude: 99° 52’e;Latitude: 38°15 'N;Height: 3232.3 m

1. Data overview: This data set is eddy covariance Flux data of qilian station from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013. 2. Data content: The observation items are: horizontal wind speed Ux (m/s), horizontal wind speed Uy (m/s), vertical wind speed Uz (m/s), ultrasonic temperature Ts (Celsius), co2 concentration co2 (mg/m^3), water vapor concentration h2o (g/m^3), pressure press (KPa), etc.The data is 30min Flux data. 3. Space and time range: Geographical coordinates: longitude: 99° 52’e;Latitude: 38°15 'N;Height: 3232.3 m

1. Data overview: This data set is eddy covariance Flux data of qilian station from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012. 2. Data content: The observation items are: horizontal wind speed Ux (m/s), horizontal wind speed Uy (m/s), vertical wind speed Uz (m/s), ultrasonic temperature Ts (Celsius), co2 concentration co2 (mg/m^3), water vapor concentration h2o (g/m^3), pressure press (KPa), etc.The data is 30min Flux data. 3. Space and time range: Geographical coordinates: longitude: 99° 52’e;Latitude: 38°15 'N;Height: 3232.3 m

1. Data overview: This data set is the scale artificial evaporation dish and precipitation data of qilian station from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013. The artificial evaporator is a 20cm standard evaporator, and the precipitation is a 20cm standard rain gauge. 2. Data content: (1) the evaporation capacity is measured at 20:00 every day with 20 special measuring cups;It is before a day commonly 20 when measure clear water 20 millimeter with special measure cup (original quantity) pour into implement inside, 24 hours hind namely in the same day 20 hour, again measure the water inside implement (allowance), its reduce quantity is evaporation quantity.Namely: evaporation = original quantity - residual quantity.If there is precipitation between 20:00 of the previous day and 20:00 of the same day, the calculation formula is: evaporation = original quantity + precipitation - residual quantity. (2) precipitation is generally observed in two stages, namely once at 8 o 'clock and once at 20 o 'clock each day. In the rainy season, observation periods are increased, and additional measurements are needed when the rainfall is large.The daily rainfall is divided into 8 a.m. of each day, and the precipitation from 8 a.m. to 8 a.m. of the next day is the precipitation of the current day.If it is rain, measure it with 20 special measuring cups. When it snows, only use the outer tube as snow bearing equipment, and then weigh it with an electronic balance (shenyang longteng es30k-12 type electronic balance, the minimum sensible amount is 0.2g). 3. Space and time range: Geographical coordinates: longitude: 99° 53’e; Latitude: 38°16 'N; Height: 2981.0 m

1. Data overview: This data set is the scale artificial evaporation dish and precipitation data of qilian station from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012. The artificial evaporator is a 20cm standard evaporator, and the precipitation is a 20cm standard rain gauge. 2. Data content: (1) the evaporation capacity is measured at 20:00 every day with 20 special measuring cups;It is before a day commonly 20 when measure clear water 20 millimeter with special measure cup (original quantity) pour into implement inside, 24 hours hind namely in the same day 20 hour, again measure the water inside implement (allowance), its reduce quantity is evaporation quantity.Namely: evaporation = original quantity - residual quantity.If there is precipitation between 20:00 of the previous day and 20:00 of the same day, the calculation formula is: evaporation = original quantity + precipitation - residual quantity. (2) precipitation is generally observed in two stages, namely once at 8 o 'clock and once at 20 o 'clock each day. In the rainy season, observation periods are increased, and additional measurements are needed when the rainfall is large.The daily rainfall is divided into 8 a.m. of each day, and the precipitation from 8 a.m. to 8 a.m. of the next day is the precipitation of the current day.If it is rain, measure it with 20 special measuring cups. When it snows, only use the outer tube as snow bearing equipment, and then weigh it with an electronic balance (shenyang longteng es30k-12 type electronic balance, the minimum sensible amount is 0.2g). 3. Space and time range: Geographical coordinates: longitude: 99° 53’e;Latitude: 38°16 'N;Height: 2981.0 m