The dataset of airborne microwave radiometers (L&K) mission was obtained in the A'rou-Biandukou flight zone on Mar. 19, 2008. The frequency of L bands was 1.4 GHz with back sight of 35 degree and dual polarization (H&V) was acquired; and the frequency of K band was 18.7 GHz at the nadir view angle without polarization. The plane took off at Zhangye airport at 9:25 (BJT) and landed at 12:50 along the scheduled lines at the altitude about 4100m and speed about 260km/hr. The raw data include microwave radiometer (L&K bands) data and GPS data; the former are instantaneous non-imaging observation recorded in text, which will be converted into brightness temperatures according to the calibration coefficients (filed with raw data together), and the latter are aircraft longitude, latitude and attitude. Moreover, based on the respective real-time clock log, observations by the microwave radiometer and GPS can be integrated to offer coordinates matching for the former. Yaw, flip, and pitch motions of aircraft were ignored due to the low resolution of microwave radiometer observations. Observation information can also be rasterized, as required, after calibration and coordinates matching. L&K bands resolution (x) and footprint can be approximately estimated as x=0.3H (H is relative flight height) for L band and x=0.24H for K band.
WANG Shuguo, WANG Xufeng, CHE Tao, ZHAO Kai, JIN Jinan, XIAO Qing, Liu Qiang
The dataset of LAI measurements was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area. (1) LAI of maize, desert scrub and the poplar measured by the fisheye camera (CANON EOS40D with a lens of EF15/28), shooting straight downwards, with exceptions of higher plants, which were shot upwards in Wulidun farmland quadrates (Jun. 3, 4 and 29, May 28 and 30 and Jul. 11), inside Linze station quadrates (Jun. 19, 25 and 30, Jul. 3 and 10, May 27), the desert transit zone (May 28 and 30) and the poplar forest (May 30). Sample points were archived in coordiantes.xls. Data included original photos (.JPG) and those processed by can_eye5.0 (in excel). For more details, see Readme file. (2) LAI measured by the ruler and the set square in Wulidun farmland quadrate inside Linze station on May 22, 23, 24, 28 and 30 and Jul. 11, 2008. Part of the samples were also measured by LI-3100 and compared with those by manual work for further correction. Data were archived as Excel files. (3) LAI and SD of maize measured by LAI2000 in Wulidun farmland quadrates (Jun. 24 and 29 and Jul. 10) and inside Linze station quadrates (Jun. 19, 25 and 30, Jul. 3, 9 and 10). Data educed from LAI2000 periodically were archived as text files (.txt) and marked with one ID. Raw data (table of word and txt) and processed data (Excel) were included. Besides, observation time, the observation method and the repetition were all archived. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
DONG Jian, LI Jing, Li Xiangyun, Qu Yonghua, SONG Danxia, SUN Qingsong, XIAO Yueting, XIAO Zhiqiang, YU Yingjie, ZHOU Hongmin, JIANG Hao, LI Shihua,
The dataset of the automatic meteorological observations (2008-2009) was obtained at the Pailugou grassland station (E100°17'/N38°34', 2731m) in the Dayekou watershed, Zhangye city, Gansu province. The items included multilayer (1.5m and 3m) of the air temperature and air humidity, the wind speed (2.2m and 3.7m) and direction, the air pressure, precipitation, the global radiation, the net radiation, co2 (2.8m and 3.5m), the multilayer soil temperature (10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 120cm and 160cm), soil moisture (10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 120cm and 160cm), and soil heat flux (5cm, 10cm and 15cm). For more details, please refer to Readme file.
HUANG Guanghui, WU Lizong, Qu Yonghua, LI Hongxing, ZHOU Hongmin, Zhang Zhihui
This dataset includes the emissivity spectrum (8-14 µm) of typical ground objects in Zhangye City, Zhangye airport, desert and farmland at Wuxing experiment area. The data was measured by the BOMEM MR304 FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer). A. Objective The objective of the thermal infrared (TIR) spectrum measurement lies in: Radiometric calibration for the airborne TIR sensor, land surface emissivity products validation and collecting typical surface spectrum working as priori knowledge in land surface temperature inversion and ecological and hydrological models. B. Instruments and theory Instruments: BOMEM MR304 FTIR, Mikron M340 blackbody, BODACH BDB blackbody, diffused golden plate, Fluke 50-series II thermometer Measurement theory: The target radiance is directly measured by the MR304 FTIR under clear-sky condition while the atmospheric downward radiance is obtained through a diffused golden plate, and emissivity is retrieved by the Iterative Spectrally Smooth Temperature and Emissivity Separation (ISSTES) algorithm C. Experiment site and targets 29-5-2012: Stone bricks, grassland and asphalt, etc at square of Zhangye. 20-6-2012: Roof of the building in Zhangye, water and sand sample collected from the desert, etc. 30-6-2012: Cement road at Zhangye airport, desert around the Zhangye airport. 3-7-2012: Corn leaves, soil and road in the farmland at Wuxing village, Zhangye City. 4-7-2012: Corn leaves, wheat canopy at Xiaoman town, Zhangye City. 10-7-2012: Bricks of Runquanhu park, Zhangye City. 13-7-2012: Corn leaves and other plants at Wuxing village, Zhangye City. D. Data processing The original data collected by BOMEM FTIR is firstly calibrated using the calibration data and get the radiance spectrum of the targets and sky (*.rad), then, the radiance data is converted to the easy readably text file (ASCII format). The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time.
MA Mingguo, XIAO Qing
SPAC system is a comprehensive platform for observation of plant transpiration water consumption and environmental factors. In this project, a set of SPAC system is set up in the Alxa Desert eco hydrological experimental study. The main observation data include temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetic effective radiation, etc. the sampling frequency is one hour. This data provides basic data support for the study of plant transpiration water environmental response mechanism.
SI Jianhua
The dataset of chlorophyll content observations was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Linze grassland foci experimental areas. Observation items included: (1) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with TM in Yingke oasis No. 1, 4 and 5 maize plots on May 20, 2008. (2) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with ASTER and MODIS in Linze grassland foci experimental areas on May 24, 2008. (3) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with ASTER and MODIS in Yingke oasis maize field on May 28, 2008. (4) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner) in Yingke oasis maize field on May 30, 2008. (5) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with OMIS-II in Yingke oasis maize field on Jun. 16, 2008. (6) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner) in Yingke oasis maize field on Jun. 29, 2008. (7) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner) and TM in Yingke oasis maize field on Jul. 7, 2008. (8) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner) in Yingke oasis maize field on Jul. 11, 2008.
LI Li, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Mengwei
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area on Jun. 29, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire CCD, MIR and TIR band data. The simultaneous ground data included: (1) soil moisture (0-5cm) nine times by the cutting ring (50cm^3) along LY06 and LY07 strips, and once by the cutting ring method and once by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer in the six points of Wulidun farmland quadrates. The preprocessed soil volumetric moisture data were archived as Excel files. (2) surface radiative temperature measured three times by three handheld infrared thermometer (5# and 6# from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, and one from Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, which were all calibrated) in LY06 and LY07 strips (98 sample points and repeated three times) and the Wulidun farmland quadrates (various points and repeated three times). Data were archived as Excel files. (3) maize canopy component temperature measured by the 5# handheld infrared thermometer (from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute) in Wulidun farmland quadrates. Six directions were measured, canopy backlighting and frontlighting, half height backlighting and frontlighting, the light and the shaded bareland, with each direction 20 measurements. (4) spectrum of maize, soil and soil with known moisture measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, and the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter) in Wulidun farmland quadrates. Raw spectral data were binary files , which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance (by ViewSpecPro) were archived as Excel.files (5) mltiangle maize spectrum measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter), two observation platforms of BNU make and one of Institute of Remote Sensing Applications make in Wulidun farmland. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance and transmittivity were archived as text files (.txt). (6) LAI of maize measured by the fisheye camera (CANON EOS40D with a lens of EF15/28), shooting straight downwards, with exceptions of higher plants, which were shot upwards. Data included original photos (.JPG) and those processed by can_eye5.0 (in excel). (7) LAI of maize measured by LAI2000 in Wulidun farmland quadrates. Data educed from LAI2000 periodically were archived as text files (.txt) and marked with one ID. Raw data (table of word and txt) and processed data (Excel) were included. Besides, observation time, the observation method and the repetition were all archived. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
DONG Jian, YU Yingjie, BAI Yanfen, HAO Xiaohua, Qian Jinbo, SHU Lele, WANG Yang, XU Zhen
The dataset of the ground-based microwave radiometers and ground truth observations for soil freeze/thaw cycle was obtained in the A'rou foci experimental area (N38º03.639'/E100º26.793'; 2998m) from May 5 to 8, 2008, S-band from Apr. 6 to 8, C-band from Apr. 7 to 8, K-band from Apr. 5 to 8, and Ka-band on Apr. 5, to be specific. The aims of the measurements were the effects of the soil freeze/thaw status on the microwave brightness temperatures. The observation site was bare land and the soil moisture was 30% after artificial irrigation. Observation items included the soil temperature at 5cm automatically (the time interval: 10m), the soil temperature at 5cm, 10cm, 20cm and 30cm by the probe thermometer (the time interval: 1h), and the soil moisture at 5cm, 10cm, 20cm and 30cm automatically (the time interval: 10m). Seven files were included, four ground-based microwave radiometers (S-band, C-band, K-band and Ka-band) observations, the automatic soil temperature, the manual soil temperature, and the automatic soil moisture, and the last three were archived in Excel format.
CAO Yongpan, CHE Tao, HAO Xiaohua, LI Zhe, Wang Weizhen, WU Yueru
The dateset of GPR (Ground Penetration Radar) observations was obtained in the A'rou foci experimental area from Mar. 10 to Jun. 19, 2008. Those provide reliable dataset for retrieval of soil moisture and frozen depth from GPR observations. Observation items, sites and time were as follows: (1) GPR in No. 1 quadrate of A'rou on Mar. 10, 2008 (2) GPR+TDR in No. 2 and 3 quadrates of A'rou on Mar. 11, 2008 (3) GPR in No. 1 quadrate of A'rou on Mar. 12, 2008 (4) GPR in No. 2 quadrate of A'rou on Mar. 14, 2008 (5) GPR +TDR in No. 1 quadrate of A'rou on Mar. 15, 2008 (6) GPR +TDR in L6 of A'rou on Mar. 16, 2008 (7) GPR +TDR in L6 of A'rou on Mar. 17, 2008 (8) GPR +TDR in L6 of A'rou on Mar. 18, 2008 (9) GPR +TDR in L6 of A'rou on Mar. 19, 2008 (10) GPR in L6 of A'rou on Mar. 20, 2008 (11) GPR +TDR in No. 3 quadrate of A'rou on Mar. 21, 2008 (12) GPR in No. 1 and 3 quadrates of A'rou on May. 31, 2008 (13) GPR in No. 1 quadrate of A'rou on Jun. 20, 2008
LI Zhe, YU Meiyan, ZHAO Jin, PATRICK Klenk, YUAN Xiaolong,
This data set contains meteorological element observation data from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 from dashang station, upstream of heihe hydrometeorological observation network.The station is located in shalantan, west of qilian county, qinghai province.The latitude and longitude of the observation point is 98.9406e, 38.8399n and 3739m above sea level.The air temperature and relative humidity sensors are located at 5m, facing due north.The barometer is installed in the anti-skid box on the ground;The tilting bucket rain gauge is installed at 10m;The wind speed and direction sensor is set at 10m, facing due north;The four-component radiometer is installed at 6m, facing due south;Two infrared thermometers are installed at 6m, facing due south, and the probe facing vertically downward;The soil temperature probe is buried at 0cm on the surface and 4cm underground, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm, 160cm, 2m to the south of the meteorological tower.The soil water probe is buried at 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm underground, 2m to the south of the meteorological tower.The soil hot plates (3 pieces) are buried in the ground 6cm underground and 2m to the south of the weather tower. Observation projects are: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5m, RH_5m) (unit: c, percentage), pressure (Press) (unit: hundred mpa), precipitation (Rain) (unit: mm), wind speed (WS_10m) (unit: m/s), wind (WD_10m) (unit: degrees), the radiation of four component (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watts per square meter), the surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit:Temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm) (unit: Celsius), soil moisture (Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ts_160cm) (unit: volumetric water content, percentage). Processing and quality control of observed data :(1) ensure 144 pieces of data every day (every 10min), and mark by -6999 in case of data missing;(2) excluding the time with duplicate records;(3) data that obviously exceeds the physical significance or the range of the instrument is deleted;(4) the part marked with red letter in the data is the data in question;(5) date and time have the same format, and date and time are in the same column.For example, the time is: September 10, 2015, 10:30;(6) the naming rule is: AWS+ site name. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Liu et al. (2018), and for observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, ZHANG Yang, TAN Junlei
The dataset of airborne Polarimetric L-band Multibeam Radiometers (PLMR) was acquired on 1 August, 2012, located in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin. The aircraft took off at 8:30 am (UTC+8) from Zhangye airport and landed at 12:30 pm, with the flight time of 4 hours. The flight was performed in the altitude of about 1000 m and at the speed of about 220-250 km during the observation, corresponding to an expected ground resolution of about 300 m. The PLMR instrument flown on a small aircraft operates at 1.413 GHz (L-band), with both H- and V-polarizations at incidence angles of ±7.5°, ±21.5° and ±38.5°. PLMR ‘warm’ and ‘cold’ calibrations were performed before and after each flight. The processed PLMR data include 2 DAT files (v-pol and h-pol separately) and 1 KMZ file for each flying day. The DAT file contains all the TB values together with their corresponding beam ID, incidence angle, location, time stamp (in UTC) and other flight attitude information as per headings. The KMZ file shows the gridded 1-km TB values corrected to 38.5 degrees together with flight lines. Cautions should be taken when using these data, as the RFI contaminations are often higher than expected at v-polarization.
CHE Tao, Gao Ying, LI Xin
The dataset of airborne imaging spectrometer (OMIS-II) mission was obtained in the Linze station-Linze grassland flight zone on Jun. 6, 2008. Data after radiometric correction and calibration and geometric approximate correction were released. The flying time of each route was as follows: {| ! id ! flight ! file ! starttime ! lat ! long ! alt ! image linage ! endtime ! lat ! long ! alt |- | 1 || 1-13 || 2008-06-06_09-32-22_DATA.BSQ || 09:56:32 || 39.167 || 100.044 || 2945.9 || 5718 || 10:02:53 || 39.362 || 100.191 || 2936.7 |- | 2 || 1-12 || 2008-06-06_10-02-38_DATA.BSQ || 10:08:42 || 39.373 || 100.193 || 2956.1 || 5565 || 10:14:53 || 39.182 || 100.049 || 2953.1 |- | 3 || 1-11 || 2008-06-06_10-14-39_DATA.BSQ || 10:19:51 || 39.177 || 100.039 || 2931.2 || 5432 || 10:25:54 || 39.363 || 100.179 || 2958.3 |- | 4 || 1-10 || 2008-06-06_10-25-39_DATA.BSQ || 10:31:50 || 39.376 || 100.182 || 2959.7 || 5396 || 10:37:50 || 39.190 || 100.041 || 2952.7 |- | 5 || 1-9 || 2008-06-06_10-37-35_DATA.BSQ || 10:43:06 || 39.179 || 100.026 || 2956.4 || 5399 || 10:49:06 || 39.368 || 100.169 || 2939.0 |- | 6 || 1-8 || 2008-06-06_10-48-51_DATA.BSQ || 10:55:20 || 39.383 || 100.174 || 2943.2 || 5643 || 11:01:36 || 39.1922 || 100.029 || 2944.8 |- | 7 || 1-7 || 2008-06-06_11-01-22_DATA.BSQ || 11:07:04 || 39.185 || 100.0175 || 2947.2 || 5306 || 11:12:58 || 39.373 || 100.159 || 2943.9 |- | 8 || 1-6 || 2008-06-06_11-12-43_DATA.BSQ || 11:18:57 || 39.386 || 100.162 || 2948.1 || 5604 || 11:25:10 || 39.196 || 100.018 || 2950.5 |- | 9 || 1-5 || 2008-06-06_11-24-56_DATA.BSQ || 11:30:22 || 39.188 || 100.006 || 2934.0 || 5469 || 11:36:26 || 39.378 || 100.149 || 2935.4 |- | 10 || 1-4 || 2008-06-06_11-36-12_DATA.BSQ || 11:42:30 || 39.389 || 100.151 || 2935.4 || 5570 || 11:48:41 || 39.198 || 100.007 || 2949.0 |- | 11 || 1-3 || 2008-06-06_11-48-27_DATA.BSQ || 11:54:21 || 39.205 || 100.005 || 2915.2 || 5028 || 11:59:57 || 39.380 || 100.138 || 2908.8 |- | 12 || 1-2 || 2008-06-06_11-59-42_DATA.BSQ || 12:06:00 || 39.395 || 100.142 || 2931.0 || 5523 || 12:12:08 || 39.205 || 99.999 || 2950.0 |- | 13 || 1-1 || 2008-06-06_12-11-53_DATA.BSQ || 12:18:17 || 39.197 || 99.985 || 2916.5 || 5451 || 12:24:20 || 39.389 || 100.131 || 2907.9 |}
Liu Liangyun, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground-based microwave scatterometer and ground truth observations for soil freeze/thaw cycle was obtained in No. 3 quadrate of the A'rou foci experimental area from 22:33 on Mar. 16 to 15:00 on 17, 2008. Observation items included the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer, the soil temperature at 5cm and 10cm by the glass geothermometer, the soil temperature, soil volumetric moisture, the loss tangent, soil conductivity, and the real part and the imaginary part of soil complex permittivity by the POGO soil sensor, and soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by the cutting ring (100cm^3). Those provide reliable ground data for retrieval and validation of soil moisture and freeze/thaw status from active remote sensing approaches. Two files were included, the microwave scatterometer and ground truth observations; both were archived in Excel format.
LIU Zengcan, LIU Zengcan, QIN Wei, CAO Yongpan, HAN Xujun, MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with MODIS was obtained in the Linze grassland foci experimental area on Jun. 11, 2008. Simultaneous east-west ground measurements on the canopy temperature, the half-height temperature and the surface radiative temperature were carried out by the hand-held infrared thermometer at intervals of 125m in 8 quadrates (2km×2km), No.1 quadrate (H01-H08), No.2 quadrate (H09-H16), No.3 quadrate (H17-H24), No.4 quadrate (H25-H32), No.5 quadrate (H33-H40), No.6 quadrat (H41-H48), No.7 quadrate (H49-H56) and No.8 quadrat (H57-H64). Data were archived in Excel file. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
CHAO Zhenhua, HUANG Chunlin, MA Mingguo, Qian Jinbo, RAN Youhua, WANG Xufeng, FENG Lei, YU Fan
Interaction "heihe region in field observation experiment (HEIFE)", is in the heihe river basin in hexi corridor in the middle of a 70 km by 90 km range of experimental zone for the center with water and heat exchange of a very comprehensive experiment, the interaction is the current international field the longest continuous observation on the land surface process experiment, has obtained the Eurasia hinterland typical in heihe river basin, gobi desert and oasis in arid regions different underlaying surface, such as solar radiation, atmospheric boundary layer meteorological data and oasis of meteorological data, and collect the conventional meteorological and hydrological data in the region,It has laid the foundation of observation experiment for theoretical study of land surface processes in arid areas. The heihe experimental database (HDB) (tao zehong and zuo hongchao, 1994a) comprehensively collected and systematically integrated the field observation data of heihe experiment.In the database, all observation data are divided into three categories according to the nature and purpose of observation: Category 1: normal observation period (FOP) data.It includes :(1) observation data of 5 micrometeorological stations and 5 automatic meteorological stations;(2) groundwater level data observed at four well stations;(3) distribution of blowing sand and dust and ozone observation data;(4) conventional observation data of 3 upper-air weather stations, 3 surface weather stations, 4 hydrology stations, some rain measuring stations and downhole water stations. The second category: enhanced observation period (IOP) data.It includes: observations of turbulence, tethered balloons, Sodar, Lidar, soil moisture content and composition during each strengthening period (PlOP, IOP-1, lop-2, IOP-3, IOP-4). The third category is special observation period data, which includes: biological meteorological observation (BOP), precipitation mechanism observation (iop-r) in arid areas, turbulence contrast observation (iop-c), supplementary observation data of deserts far from the oasis (iop-da) and observation data of sand sample experiment.Please refer to HEIFE database user manual for more detailed information (tao zehong et al., 1994b).
LI Xin, RAN Youhua
This dataset contains the flux measurements from the large aperture scintillometer (LAS) at A’rou Superstation in the hydrometeorological observation network of Heihe River Basin between 14 October, 2012, and 31 December, 2013. There were two types of LASs at A’rou Superstation: German BLS450 and China zzlas. The north tower was set up with the zzlas receiver and the BLS450 transmitter, and the south tower was equipped with the zzlas transmitter and the BLS450 receiver. Zzlas has been in use since 14 October, 2012, and the observation period of BLS450 was from 9 August to 10 December, 2013. The site (north: 100.467° E, 38.050° N; south: 100.450° E, 38.033° N) was located in Caodaban village of A’rou town in Qilian county, Qinghai Province. The underlying surface between the two towers was alpine meadow. The elevation is 3033 m. The effective height of the LASs was 9.5 m, and the path length was 2390 m. The data were sampled at 5 Hz and 1 Hz intervals for BLS450 and zzlas, respectively, and then averaged over 1 min. The raw data acquired at 1 min intervals were processed and quality controlled. The data were subsequently averaged over 30 min periods, in which sensible heat flux was iteratively calculated by combining Cn2 with meteorological data according to the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. The main quality control steps were as follows: (1) The data were rejected when Cn2 exceeded the saturated criterion (BLS450: Cn2>7.25E-14, zzlas: Cn2>7.84E-14). (2) The data were rejected when the demodulation signal was small (BLS450: Average X Intensity<1000; zzlas: Demod>-20 mv). (3) The data were rejected when collected during precipitation. (4) The data were rejected if collected at night when weak turbulence occurred (u* was less than 0.1 m/s). In the iteration process, the universal functions of Thiermann and Grassl, 1992 and Andreas, 1988 were selected for BLS450 and zzlas, respectively. Several instructions were included with the released data. (1) The data were primarily obtained from BLS450 measurements, and missing flux measurements from the BLS450 instrument were substituted with measurements from the zzlas instrument. The missing data were denoted by -6999. Due to the drift of the zzlas signal, data from 10 November to 23 November, 2012, and 14 March to 10 April, 2013, were excluded. Due to the LAS tower’s lean, the data from 10 April to 31 May, 2013, were not collected. (2) The dataset contained the following variables: data/time (yyyy-m-d h:mm), the structural parameter of the air refractive index (Cn2, m-2/3), and the sensible heat flux (H_LAS, W/m^2). In this dataset, a time of 0:30 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:30, and the data were stored in *.xls format. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Li et al. (2013) (for hydrometeorological observation network or sites information), Liu et al. (2011) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, ZHANG Yang, TAN Junlei
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with airborne WiDAS mission was obtained in the Linze grassland foci experimental area on May 30, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire CCD, MIR and TIR band data. The simultaneous ground data included the land surface temperature measured by the hand-held infrared thermometer in the reed plot A, the saline plots B and C, the alfalfa plot D and the barley plot E, the maximum of which were 120m×120m and the minimum were 30m×30m, and soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying measured by the cutting ring and the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm measured by the probe thermometer in plot A, B and C; the soil temperature, soil moisture, the loss tangent, soil conductivity, the real part and the imaginary part of soil complex permittivity measured by the POGO soil sensor, and the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm measured by the probe thermometer in plot D and E. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
CAO Yongpan, CHAO Zhenhua, GE Chunmei, HAN Xujun, HU Xiaoli, HUANG Chunlin, LIANG Ji, WANG Shuguo, WU Yueru, FENG Lei, YU Fan, WANG Jing
The dataset of water content of forest canopy components (the twig and the leaf) measurements was obtained at the super site (100m×100m) around the Dayekou Guantan forest station on Jun. 5, 2008. The sample tree was selected according to different diameters at breast height. 5 diameter classes were divided and in each class, 10 trees were selected and altogether 30 trees were selected as sampling trees. Branches in different parts were picked by the tree pruner and the twig and the leaf were separated manually, whose green weight was measured by the scales on the scene and dry weight by oven drying in the lab. Those provide reliable data for the reconstruction of the 3D structure of the forest scene, and for modelling active and passive remote sensing mechanisms and the simulation of remote sensing images.
BAI Lina, TIAN Xin, WANG Bengyu, CHEN Erxue
The project of ecological security evaluation and landscape planning in the inner flow area of hexi corridor belongs to the major research plan of "environment and ecological science in western China" of the national natural science foundation, led by researcher xiao duning of the institute of cold and dry environment and engineering, Chinese academy of sciences. The project runs from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2004. The data of the project is the ecological data of the inner flow area of hexi corridor, including heihe basin, shiyang river basin, shule river basin and river runoff. Investigation and analysis data of ejin banner in heihe river area 1. Soil moisture TDR data The data is stored in Excel format and includes both tubular and well 2002 soil moisture survey data. Tube TDR data Tubular soil moisture survey data with 1.8m underground intervals of 0.2 m on June 1, June 11, June 21, July 1, July 11, July 21, July 31, August 11 and August 21, 2002, including erdaqiao, gobi, forest farm, qidaqiao and tseng forest. Well TDR data Data of well soil moisture survey on June 21, July 1, July 11, July 21, July 31, August 11 and August 21, 2002, which included willows, gobi, populus euphratica and weeds, with intervals of more than 5 meters and 0.2 meters underground. Groundwater GPS data In Excel format, the TDR observation points were measured by GPS, including basic information such as longitude, latitude and elevation, plus information such as water level, logging type and remarks. 2. Soil nutrient salinity data To Excel format, 42 samples containing "total oxygen N %", "total phosphorus P %", "% organic matter", "hydrolysis N N mg/kg", "organic P P mg/kg", "available K K mg/kg", "% calcium carbonate", "PH", "the % of salt" and "total potassium % K" nutrient investigation and analysis of data, such as 42 samples containing "conductance value (%) computing the salt", CO3, HCO3, CI, SO4, Ca, mg, Na + K salt investigation and analysis of data, etc. 3. Soil mechanical composition In Excel format, 42 sample points contained soil particle composition information analysis tables of depth (cm), percentage of particle content at each level (sieve analysis method) (>2mm, 2-1mm, 1-0.5mm, 0.5-0.25mm and 0.25-0.1mm) and percentage of particle content at each level (straw method) (<0.1mm, 0.1-0.05mm, 0.05-0.02mm, 0.02-0.002mm and <0.002mm). 4. Meteorological data of erqi station Is the Excel sheet, including rainfall data from 1957 to 1998, evaporation data from 1957 to 1998, temperature data from 1957 to 1991, wind speed data from 1972 to 1992, maximum temperature data from 1972 to 1992, minimum temperature data from 1972 to 1992, sunshine data from 1972 to 1992 and relative humidity data from 1972 to 1992. Scan copy of jiuquan area The scanning copy of the general map of land use status in jiuquan 1:300,000, the scanning copy of the evaluation map of the distribution of cultivated land reserve resources in jiuquan 1:300,000 and the scanning copy of the district map of jiuquan 1:300,000 Zhang ye water protection information It contains the statistics of water and soil conservation in the regions of ganzhou district, gaotai district, linze county, minle county, shandan county, sunan county and zhangye city in zhangye region (stored in Excel format) and the planning report of each region (stored in Word format). Shiyang river basin Jinchang water resources survey data It includes the scan of 1:50000 water resource distribution map of jinchang city in 1997, the average decline degree of groundwater level in qinghe and jinchuan irrigation areas in jinchang city from 81 to 2000, the statistical table of annual groundwater supply in 1986, 1995 and 2001, and the survey and evaluation report of cultivated land reserve resources in jinchang city. Survey data of water resources in minqin Includes detailed minqin county area typical Wells status per acre crops irrigation water use questionnaire, irrigation, industrial and agricultural water use questionnaire, seeded area of villages and towns questionnaire, the survey data of groundwater hardness index, minqin county of surface runoff and the runoff change situation report, irrigation water quota formulation of evaluation report, minqin county water resources development and utilization of report and opinion polls irrigation works report, etc. Zoning map of soil improvement and utilization in wuwei area For the scanning part of water and soil conservation planning map of wuwei city, the scanning part of the location map of wuwei irrigation area, the scanning part of the scanning part of the administrative map of wuwei city, the scanning part of the water source and water conservancy project construction map of wuwei city, the scanning part of the planning map of wuwei sanbei phase ii shelterbelt project and the scanning part of the administrative map of liangzhou district. Yongchang county water protection information It is the scanning copy of the soil and water conservation supervision, prevention and control plan of 1994 in yongchang county at 1:20000. Shule river basin Distribution map of water resources development and utilization in yumen city It consists of four jpeg images, a 1:250,000 general scanning map of yumen's water resources development and utilization in 2002, and three high-resolution sub-maps. River runoff This data set is stored in Excel format, mainly including the total flow of three basins from 1949 to 2002, the annual runoff of each tributary of the basin, the annual runoff of detailed investigation areas such as jiuquan and the upstream inflow of yuanyang pond reservoir. Total basin Is the annual runoff data of heihe river basin, shiyang river basin and shule river basin from 1949 to 2002. Annual runoff of black river Is the annual runoff data of heihe river, liyuan river, taolai river, hongshui river, qingshui river, fengle river and hongsha river from 1949 to 2002. Annual runoff of shiyang river Is the annual runoff data of xidahe river, dongdahe river, xiying river, jinta river, zama river, huangyang river, gulang river, dajing river and other tributaries from 1949 to 2002. Annual runoff of shule river Is the annual runoff data of dang river, shule river and harten river from 1950 to 2002. Annual river runoff in jiuquan area For the annual flow data of changma gorge of shule river, dangcheng bay of danghe river, junmiao of shule river, baiyang river, icegou of toulai river, yuanyang pond of toulai river, xindi of hongshui river, fengle river, hongsha river of maying river and suang river of yulin river in jiuquan region from 1950 to 2002. Statistics of upstream inflow of yuanyang pond reservoir The data are the upstream inflow data of yuanyang pond reservoir from 1959 to 2001.
Xiao Duning
The dataset combined with crop phrenology data and field management data which were investigated near the 13 eddy covariance (EC) stations. 1.1 Objective of investigation Objectives of investigation is to supply assistant information for experiment on EC, meteorology, and biophysics parameter. 1.2 Investigation spots and items Investigation spots include Jiu She of Shiqiao village (EC3), Xiaoman southern road (EC16), Wu She of Five stars village (EC13), Wu She of Xiaoman village (EC14), Er She of Shiqiao village (EC5), Liu She of Zhonghua village (EC11), Liu She of Shiqiao village (EC2), Wu She of JinCheng village (EC7), EC6, Liu She of Jincheng village (EC8), Yi She of Kangning village (EC9), Er She of Kangning village (EC10), and Si She of Jingcheng village (EC12). Investigation items comprise crop type, crop name, seed time, seed type, plant span, row span, field area, germination time, three leaves period, seven leaves period, farming way, farming time, irrigation time, irrigation water volume, fertilization time, fertilization type, and fertilization rate. The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time. 1.3 Data collection Data was collected by using ask-reply approach according to investigation tables.
GE Yingchun, Ma Chunfeng, LI Xin
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