The dataset of spectral reflectance observations was obtained by ASD (Analytical Sepctral Devices) in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas. Reflectance was calculated based on the equation R = (DN1/DN0)×R0, DN1 indicating DN of the targets, R0 and DN0 the reflectance and DN of the grey board. The reflectance spectra of maize and wheat canopy, the component leaf of the maize and BRDF in Yingke oasis maize field, Yingke oasis wheat field, Huazhaizi desert maize field, the transect spectrum in Huazhaizi desert No. 1 and 2 plots and Linze and Biandukou foci experimental area were measured on May 20, 24, 25, 28 and 30, Jun. 1, 4, 9, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29 and 30, Jul. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 11, 2008. Four ASD devices were used, from Peking University (350-2500nm), Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (350-2500nm), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (350-1065nm) and BNU respectively. The reference boards were 40%, 50% and 99%. The above spectral reflectance dataset was synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner), OMIS-II and various spaceborne sensors. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format.
CHEN Ling, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, XIAO Yueting, YAN Guangkuo, ZHOU Hongmin, GE Yingchun, LI Xin, SHU Lele, GUANG Jie, LIU Sihan, SU Gaoli, XIA Chuanfu, Wen Jianguang, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, FAN Wenjie, TAO Xin, YAN Binyan, YAO Yanjuan, YANG Guijun, CHENG Zhanhui, Liu Liangyun, YANG Tianfu
This data is the water level data of 2011-2012, which is observed by water level recorder. From July 14 to September 9, 2011, the observation was recordered every five minutes; from June 4 to July 10, 2012, the observation was recordered every ten minutes. The data content is the temperature and atmospheric pressure inside the hole, and the data is the daily scale data. The data shall be opened with HOBO software.
ZHAO Chuanyan, MA Wenying
Data of four hydrogeological boreholes constructed in the badain jaran desert area of alxa right banner in 2013 are provided, including borehole construction reports, borehole location plans and borehole profiles.Adopt the core of quaternary and bedrock, install the filter tube at the bottom of the well, wash the well. Quantity of work: 4 boreholes with Numbers of K1, K2, K3 and K4.The total footage is designed according to 240 m, with an average single hole depth of 60 m. The actual depth control standard is the exposure of bedrock.
WANG Xusheng, HU Xiaonong
In 2007, 2008 and 2009, ENVISAT ASAR data 179 scenes, covering the whole Heihe River Basin. Among them, there were 63 in 2007, 71 in 2008 and 45 in 2009. Imaging mode and acquisition time are respectively: app can select polarization mode from August 15, 2007 to December 23, 2007, from January 02, 2008 to December 202009-02-15, 2008 to September 06, 2009; imp imaging mode from June 19, 2009 to July 12, 2009; WSM wide mode from January 1, 2007 to December 302008-01-01, 2007 to November 28, 2008, from March 13, 2009 to May 22, 2009. The product level is L1B, which is amplitude data without geometric correction. The ENVISAT ASAR remote sensing data set of Heihe comprehensive remote sensing joint experiment is mainly obtained through the China EU "dragon plan" project (Project No.: 5322 and 5344); the WSM wide model data in 2007 and January 2008 are obtained from Professor Bob Su of ITC; the 8-view app can be purchased from the earth observation and digital earth center of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences
1. Data overview The data set of the base camp integrated environmental observation system is a set of ENVIS (IMKO, Germany) which was installed at the base camp observation point by qilian station.It is stored automatically by ENVIS data mining system. 2. Data content This data set is the scale data from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011.It mainly includes two layers of temperature, humidity and wind, six layers of soil water content, precipitation, 5cm geothermal flux, total radiation, seven layers of soil temperature, CO2 and air pressure. 3. Space and time scope Geographical coordinates: longitude: 99° 53’e;Latitude: 38°16 'N;Height: 2980.2 m
CHEN Rensheng, HAN Chuntan
The data is the digitization of the Heihe River basin part of the 1:1 million Vegetation Atlas of China, 1:1000, 000 Vegetation Atlas of China is edited by academician Hou Xueyu, a famous vegetation ecologist (Hou Xueyu, 2001). It is jointly compiled by more than 250 experts from 53 units such as research institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences, relevant ministries and commissions, relevant departments of various provinces and regions, colleges and universities. It is another summative achievement of vegetation ecologists in China over 40 years after the publication of monographs such as vegetation of China Basic map of natural resources and natural conditions of the family. It is based on the rich first-hand information accumulated by vegetation surveys carried out throughout the country over the past half century, and the materials obtained by modern technologies such as aerial remote sensing and satellite images, as well as the latest research achievements in geology, soil science and climatology. It reflects in detail the distribution of vegetation units of 11 vegetation type groups, 796 formations and sub formations of 54 vegetation types, horizontal and vertical zonal distribution laws, and also reflects the actual distribution of more than 2000 dominant species of plants, major crops and cash crops in China, as well as the close relationship between dominant species and soil and ground geology. The atlas is a kind of realistic vegetation map, reflecting the recent quality of vegetation in China.
HOU Xueyu
The dataset of automatic meteorological observations was obtained at the A'rou freeze/thaw observation station from Jul. 25, 2008 to Dec. 31, 2009, in Wawangtan pasture (E100°28′/N38°03′, 3032.8), Daban, A'rou. The experimental area, situated in the valley highland of south Babaohe river, an upper stream branch of Heihe river, with a flat and open terrain slightly sloping from southeast to southeast and hills and mountains stretching for 3km is ideal for a horizontal homogeneous underlying surface. Observation items included multilayer (2m and 10m) of the wind speed, the air temperature and air humidity, the air pressure, precipitation, four components of radiation, the multilayer soil temperature (10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm), soil moisture (10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm), and soil heat flux (5cm & 15cm). The raw data were level0 and the data after basic processes were level1, in which ambiguous ones were marked; the data after strict quality control were defined as Level2. The data files were named as follows: station+datalevel+AMS+datadate. Level2 or above were strongly recommended to domestic users. As for detailed information, please refer to Meteorological and Hydrological Flux Data Guide.
HU Zeyong, MA Mingguo, Wang Weizhen, HUANG Guanghui, Zhang Zhihui, TAN Junlei
The data comes from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) constructed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and International Institute for Applied System Analysis in Vienna (IIASA), which released version 1.1 on March 26, 2009. The data resolution is 1 km. The data source in China is 1: 1 million soil data. The soil classification system used is mainly FAO-90. The main fields of the soil property sheet include: SU_SYM90 (name of soil in FAO90 soil classification system) SU_SYM85 (FAO85 classification) T_TEXTURE (top soil texture) DRAINAGE (19.5); ROOTS: String (depth classification to the bottom of the soil with obstacles); SWR: String (characteristics of soil water content); ADD_PROP: Real (specific soil type in the soil unit related to agricultural use); T_GRAVEL: Real (gravel volume percentage); T_SAND: Real (sand content); T_SILT: Real (silt content); T_CLAY: Real (clay content); T_USDA_TEX: Real (USDA Soil Texture Classification); T_REF_BULK: Real (soil bulk density); T_OC: Real (organic carbon content); T_PH_H2O: Real (pH) T_CEC_CLAY: Real (cation exchange capacity of the sticky layer soil); T_CEC_SOIL: Real (soil cation exchange capacity) T_BS: Real (basic saturation); T_TEB: Real (exchangeable base); T_CACO3: Real (carbonate or lime content) T_CASO4: Real (sulfate content); T_ESP: Real (exchangeable sodium salt); T_ECE: Real (conductivity). The attribute field at the beginning of T_ indicates the upper soil attribute (0-30 cm), and the attribute field at the beginning of S_ indicates the lower layer soil attribute (30-100 cm) (FAO 2009). This data provides model input parameters for Earth system modelers, and in agricultural perspective, it can be used to study eco-agricultural divisions, food security, and climate change.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)
The dataset of automatic meteorological observations was obtained at the Binggou cold region hydrometerological station (N38°04′/E100°13′), south of Qilian county, Qinghai province, from Sep. 25, 2007 to Dec. 31, 2009. The experimental area with paramo and riverbed gravel, situated in the upper stream valley of Heihe river, is ideal for the flat and open terrain and hills and mountains stretching outwards. The items were multilayer (2m and 10m) of the air temperature and air humidity, the wind speed, the air pressure, precipitation, four components of radiation, the multilayer soil temperature (5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm and 120cm), soil moisture (5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm and 120cm), and soil heat flux (5cm and 15cm). The raw data were level0 and the data after basic processes were level1, in which ambiguous ones were marked; the data after strict quality control were defined as Level2. The data files were named as follows: station+datalevel+AMS+datadate. Level2 or above were strongly recommended to domestic users. The period from Sep. 25, 2007 to Mar. 12, 2008 was the pre-observing duration, during which hourly precipitation data (fragmented) and the soil temperature and soil moisture data were to be obtained. Stylized observations began from Mar. 12, 2008. As for detailed information, please refer to Meteorological and Hydrological Flux Data Guide.
WANG Jian, CHE Tao, MA Mingguo, Wang Weizhen, LI Hongyi, HAO Xiaohua, HUANG Guanghui, Zhang Zhihui, TAN Junlei
The dataset of automatic meteorological observations was obtained at the Yingke oasis station from Nov. 5, 2007 to Oct. 31, 2009. The observation site is located in an irrigation farmland in Yingke (E100°24′37.2″/N38°51′25.7″, 1519.1m), Zhangye city, Gansu province. The experimental area, situated in the middle stream Heihe river basin and with windbreaks space of 500m from east to west and 300m from south to north, is an ideal choice for its flat and open terrain. Observation items were multilayer (2m and 10m) of the wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, air pressure, precipitation, four components of radiation; the surface infrared temperature; the multilayer soil temperature (10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm), the soil moisture (10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm), and soil heat flux (5cm & 15cm). The raw data were level0 and the data after basic processes were level1, in which ambiguous ones were marked; the data after strict quality control were defined as Level2. The data files were named as follows: station+datalevel+AMS+datadate. Level2 or above were strongly recommended to domestic users. As for detailed information, please refer to Meteorological and Hydrological Flux Data Guide.
MA Mingguo, Wang Weizhen, TAN Junlei, HUANG Guanghui, Zhang Zhihui
The dataset of LAI measurements was obtained by LI-3000, the protractor and the ruler in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on May, 20, 24, 25, 28 and 31, Jun. 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 21 and 27, Jul. 2 and 9, 2008. The maximum leaf length and width of maize and wheat, the leaf angle, length and width of each section (one leaf was divided into 3 sections) were measured. And also the plant height, leaf base height, the crop spacing, the canopy height, row spacing and ridge spacing were measured. Two representative plants would be taken back for indoor observation for the stem length, stem width, stem circumference, and leaf area by LAI3000. Data were archived in Excel format.
CHEN Ling, REN Huazhong, WANG Tianxing, WANG Jindi, XIAO Yueting, YAN Guangkuo, LI Li, LIU Sihan, SU Gaoli, Wen Jianguang, XIA Chuanfu, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, FAN Wenjie, SHEN Xinyi, TAO Xin, YAN Binyan, YAO Yanjuan
The 2008 national remote sensing annual average surface temperature and freezing index is a 5 km instantaneous surface temperature data product based on MODIS Aqua/Terra four times a day by Ran Youhua et al. (2015). A new method for estimating the annual average surface temperature and freezing index has been developed. The method uses the average daily mean surface temperature observed by LST in morning and afternoon to obtain the daily mean surface temperature. The core of the method is how to recover the missing data of LST products. The method has two characteristics: (1) Spatial interpolation is carried out on the daily surface temperature variation observed by remote sensing, and the spatial continuous daily surface temperature variation obtained by interpolation is utilized, so that satellite observation data which is only once a day is applied; (2) A new time series filtering method for missing data is used, that is, the penalty least squares regression method based on discrete cosine transform. Verification shows that the accuracy of annual mean surface temperature and freezing index is only related to the accuracy of original MODIS LST, i.e. the accuracy of MODIS LST products is maintained. It can be used for frozen soil mapping and related resources and environment applications.
RAN Youhua, LI Xin
The dataset of diurnal FPAR change observations was obtained in the Yingke oasis foci experimental areas. Observation items included: (1) Maize canopy reflectance spectra by ASD and 50% grey board, leaf SPAD by the chlorophyll meter and leaf photosynthesis by LI-6400 in Yingke oasis maize field on Jul. 5, 2008 (fixed point observations from 10:00-20:00 at intervals of one hour, and half an hour from 16:00) Besides, Photo: photosynthetic rate (µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), Cond: stomatal conductance (mol H2O m-2 s-1), Ci: intercellular CO2 viscosity (µmol CO2 mol-1), Trmmol: transpiration rate (mmol H2O m-2 s-1), VpdL: vapor pressure deficiency of leaves (kPa), Tleaf: leaf temperature (°C), ParIn_µm: active radiation of interior photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1), and ParOutµm: active radiation of outdoor photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1) were all archived. (2) Maize canopy reflectance spectra, leaf photosynthesis and diurnal FPAR change by ASD (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications), 50% grey board (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications), LI-6400 (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications) and SUNSCAN (Beijing academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences). Based on calibration lamp data (serial number: 64831), radiance spectrum on Jul. 9 by 1050 spectrometer (Beijing academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences) and 50% grey board and 99% white board calibration data, the spectrum data were preprocessed. Calibration was undertaken in accordance with the following precedures: a) The original DN was converted into radiance and further into readable EXCEL format by the spectrometer-matched calibration lamp data and ASD. b) Solar radiance was got by 99% white board radiance. solar radiance=the reference board radiance/the reference board reflectance. c) Spectrum from Agriculture and Forestry Sciences was sampled at an interval of 1.438nm, which was made into data at 1nm intervals by segmentation interpolation. d) Based on b=16.087a (where a is radiance before fitting and b after fitting), radiance data got by 68731 spectrograph were processed. The original maize leaf photosynthesis data (by LI-6400) were introduced into EXCEL format, diurnal changes of each leaf were archived as one single unit according to leaf classification. Maize FPAR (the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation) was got by FPAR= (canopyPAR-surface transmissionPAR-canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR= FPAR×canopy PAR. The unit for PAR was µmol m-2 s-1. The data included number (the whole leaf), observation time (hh:mm:ss), upper light (µmol m-2 s-1), upper reflectivity (µmol m-2 s-1), lower light (µmol m-2 s-1), lower reflectivity (µmol m-2 s-1) and Spread: variation coefficients of the probe optical intensity.
WANG Dacheng, YANG Guijun, CHENG Zhanhui, Liu Liangyun
This data includes the basic terrain data, soil data, meteorological data, land use / land cover data, etc. needed for SWAT model operation. All maps and relevant point coordinates (meteorological station, hydrological station) adopt the coordinate system of Gauss Kruger projection which is consistent with the basic topographic map of our country. Data content includes: a) The basic topographic data include DEM and river network. The size of DEM grid is 50 * 50m, and the drainage network is manually digitized from 1:100000 topographic map. b) Soil data: including soil physics, soil chemistry and spatial distribution of soil types. The scale of digital soil map is 1:1 million, which is converted into grid format of ESRI, with grid size of 50 * 50m. Each soil profile can be divided into up to 10 layers. The sampling index of soil texture required by the model adopts the American Standard. The parameters are from the second National Soil Census data and related literature. c) Meteorological data: (1) Temperature: the data of daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, wind speed and relative humidity are from the daily observation data of Qilian, Shandan, tole, yeniugou and Zhangye meteorological stations in and around the basin, with the period from 1999 to 2001. (2) Precipitation: the rainfall data comes from five hydrological stations in and around the basin, i.e. OBO (1990-1996), Sunan (1990-2000), Qilian (1990-2000), Yingluoxia (1990-2000), zamashk (1990-2000), Shandan (1999-2001), tole (1999-2001), yeniugou (1999-2001), Zhangye (1999-2001) and Qilian County (1999-2001) Observation data. (3) Wind speed and relative humidity: wind speed and relative humidity come from the daily observation data of 5 meteorological stations in Shandan, tole, yeniugou, Zhangye and Qilian county. The period is from 1999 to 2001. (4) Solar radiation: solar radiation has no corresponding observation data and is generated by model simulation. d) Land use / land cover: 1995 land use data, scale 1:100000. Convert it to grid format of ESRI, with grid size of 50 * 50m. e) Meteorological data simulation tool (weather generator) database: the weather data simulation tool of SWAT model can simulate and calculate the daily meteorological input data required by the model operation according to the monthly statistical data for many years without the actual daily observation data, and can also carry out the interpolation of incomplete observation data. The meteorological data are from the surrounding meteorological stations.
NAN Zhuotong
Heihe river basin is the second largest inland river basin in China. In the past 30 years, a relatively perfect drainage observation system has been established in heihe river basin, which has become an important inland river research base in China.River basin is an important natural research unit, but the boundary of heihe river basin is not unified. In order to facilitate the use of data by users, we collected and sorted out 5 kinds of heihe river basin boundaries commonly seen in the literature: 1) from 1985 to 1986, China began to conduct systematic research on the heihe river basin as a whole. On the basis of basic investigation and a large number of data mastered, the early heihe river basin map was drawn with an area of 138,900 km ^ 2.The whole basin is divided into three hydrologic balance zones, which are: the balance zone of heihe main stream system, the balance zone of beida river main stream system and the balance zone of ma ying - feng leshan front water system. 2) sub project national key scientific research project of the ninth five-year plan "in heihe river basin water resources reasonable use and the economic society and ecological environment coordinated development research", considering the integrity of the county-level administrative units, on the basis of the first basin boundary using the administrative boundary of basin boundary was revised, formed the "digital heihe" published information system (http://heihe.westgis.ac.cn) of the heihe river basin boundary, watershed area of 128700 km ^ 2.The division of hydrological unit inherits the original idea and is divided into three river systems, namely the eastern river system, the central river system and the western river system. 3) in the comprehensive control plan of heihe river basin of the ministry of water resources, the area of heihe river basin is determined as 142,900 km ^ 2, and the hydrologic unit is divided into two independent water systems in the central and western regions and the east, with an area of 27,000 km2 and 116,000 km ^ 2 respectively. 4) in 2002-2006 in the national integrated water resources planning, "the Yellow River" (piece of) integrated water resources planning working group in 2005, the establishment "the northwest rivers and water resources and its exploitation and utilization of investigation evaluation report, briefly, to the secondary and tertiary area as the unit of water resources, to complete a series of natural geography and social economy statistical tables, maps and other data.In this comprehensive plan, the area of heihe river basin is about 151,700 km ^ 2, and the plan does not give a more detailed sub-watershed division plan. 5) based on the high-precision digital elevation model (SRTM and ASTER GDEM), the boundary of heihe river basin was determined by using the GIS hydrologic analysis method.The boundary has been verified by remote sensing and field investigation, and the present situation of modern water resources utilization is considered in the process of basin boundary determination and sub-basin division.
WU Lizong, WANG Jianhua, NIAN Yanyun
The dataset of eddy covariance observations was obtained at the A'rou freeze/thaw observation station from Jul. 14, 2008 to Dec. 31, 2010, in Wawangtan pasture (E100°28′/N38°03′, 3032.8m), Daban, A'rou. The experimental area with a flat and open terrain slightly sloping from southeast to northwest and hills and mountains stretching outwards is an ideal horizontal homogeneous underlying surface. The original observation items included the latitudinal wind speed Ux (m/s), the latitudinal wind speed Uy (m/s), the longitudinal wind speed Uz (m/s), the ultrasonic temperature Ts (°C), co2 consistency (mg/m^3), h2o consistency (g/m^3), air pressure (KPa) and the abnormal ultrasonic signal (diag_csat). The instrument height was 2.81m, the ultrasound direction was at an azimuth angle of 0°, the distance between Li7500 and CSAT3 was 30m and sampling frequency was 10HZ/s. The instrument mount was 3.15m, the ultrasound direction was at an azimuth angle of 86°, the distance between Li7500 and CSAT3 was 22cm and sampling frequency was 10HZ/s. The dataset was released at three levels: Level0 were the raw data acquired by instruments; Level1, including the sensible heat flux (Hs), the latent heat flux (LE_wpl), and co2 flux (Fc_wpl), were real-time eddy covariance output data and stored in .csv month by month; Level2 were processed data in a 30-minute cycle after outliers elimination, coordinates rotation, frequency response correction, WPL correction and initial quality control. The data were named as follows: station name +data level+data acquisition date. As for detailed information, please refer to Meteorological and Hydrological Flux Data Guide and Eddy Covariance Observation Manual.
Wang Weizhen, MA Mingguo, LI Xin, HUANG Guanghui, Zhang Zhihui, TAN Junlei
The dataset of eddy covariance observations was obtained at the Yingke Oasis station from 27 Dec. 2007 to 31 Dec. 2009. The observation site is located in an irrigation farmland in Yingke (E100°24′37.2″/N38°51′25.7″, 1519.1m), Zhangye city, Gansu province. The experimental area, situated in the middle stream Heihe river basin and with windbreaks space of 500m from east to west and 300m from south to north, is an ideal choice for its flat and open terrain. The original observation items included the latitudinal wind speed Ux (m/s), the latitudinal wind speed Uy (m/s), the longitudinal wind speed Uz (m/s), the ultrasonic temperature Ts (°C), co2 consistency (mg/m^3), h2o consistency (g/m^3), air pressure (KPa) and the abnormal ultrasonic signal (diag_csat). The instrument mount was 2.81m, the ultrasound direction was at an azimuth angle of 0°, the distance between Li7500 and CSAT3 was 30cm and the sampling frequency was 10HZ/s. The dataset was distributed at three levels: Level0 were the raw data acquired by instruments; Level1, including the sensible heat flux (Hs), the latent heat flux (LE_wpl), and co2 flux (Fc_wpl), were real-time eddy covariance output data and stored in .csv month by month; Level2 were processed data in a 30-minute cycle after outliers elimination, coordinates rotation, frequency response correction, WPL correction and initial quality control. The data files were named as follows: station name +data level+data acquisition date. As for detailed information, please refer to Meteorological and Hydrological Flux Data Guide and Eddy Covariance Observation Manual.
Liu Qiang, LIU Qinhuo, MA Mingguo, Wang Weizhen, HUANG Guanghui, Zhang Zhihui, TAN Junlei
The dataset of LST (land surface temperature) observed by the thermal camera (ThermaCAM SC2000 and ThermaCAM S60) at 24°×18° was obtained in the Yingke oasis, Huazhaizi desert steppe and Linze grassland foci experimental areas on May 20, 24,28 and 30, Jun. 1, 4, 16 and 29, Jul. 7, 8 and 11, 2008. Meanwhile, the optical photos were acquired in Yingke oasis maize field, Huazhaizi desert No. 1 and 2 plots, Huazhaizi desert maize field and Linze grassland. The dataset of ground truth measurement was synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner), OMIS-II, Landsat TM and ASTER.
HE Tao, KANG Guoting, REN Huazhong, YAN Guangkuo, WANG Haoxing, WANG Tianxing, LI Hua, Liu Qiang, XIA Chuanfu, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, CHEN Shaohui, YANG Tianfu
This dataset includes soil moisture and soil temperature observations of 75 BNUNET nodes during the period from May to September 2012 (UTC+8), which is one type of WSN nodes in the Heihe eco-hydrological wireless sensor network (WSN). The BNUNET located in the observation matrix of the HiWATER artificial oasis eco-hydrology experimental area. Each BNUNET node observes the soil temperature at 4 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm depth, and soil moisture at 4 cm depth with 10 minutes interval. This dataset can be used in the estimation of surface hydrothermal variables and their validation, eco-hydrological research, irrigation management and so on. The detail description please refers to "Data introduction.docx".
Liu Jun, KOU Xiaokang, MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground truth measurements for snow was obtained, synchronizing with airborne microwave radiometers (K&Ka bands) mission in the Binggou watershed foci experimental area on Mar. 29, 2008. Those provide reliable ground data for retrieval of snow properties and parameters, especially snow depth and snow water equivalent study. Observation items include (1) snow density, snow complex permittivity, snow volumetric moisture and snow gravimetric moisture by the snowfork in BG-A; (2) snow parameters in BG-A (18 points), BG-B (20 points), BG-EF (20 points) and BG-I (20 points): snow depth by the ruler, the snow temperature (mean of two measurements) by the probe thermometer, snow grain size by the handheld microscope, snow density by the cutting ring for each snow layer, and the snow surface temperature and the snow-soil interface temperature by the handheld infrared thermometer. For each snow pit, the snowpack was divided into several layers with 10-cm intervals of snow depth. Two files including raw data and pre-processed data were archived.
BAI Yanfen, BAI Yunjie, CAO Yongpan, GE Chunmei, GU Juan, HAN Xujun, HAO Xiaohua, LI Hongyi, LI Zhe, LIANG Ji, MA Mingguo, SHU Lele, WANG Xufeng, XU Zhen, ZHU Shijie, CHANG Cun, DOU Yan, MA Zhongguo, JIANG Tenglong, LIU Yan, ZHANG Pu
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