This dataset includes data recorded by the Hydrometeorological observation network obtained from the automatic weather station (AWS) at the observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of Dashalong station between 11 August, 2013, and 31 December, 2013. The site (98.941° E, 38.840° N) was located on a swamp meadow surface in the Longshatan, which is near west of Qilian county, Qinghai Province. The elevation is 3739 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (HMP45C; 5 m, north), wind speed and direction profile (010C/020C; 10 m, north), air pressure (PTB110; in the tamper box on the ground), rain gauge (TE525M; 10 m), four-component radiometer (CNR1; 6 m, south), two infrared temperature sensors (SI-111; 6 m, south, vertically downward), soil heat flux (HFP01; 3 duplicates, -0.06 m), soil temperature profile (109ss-L; 0, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m), and soil moisture profile (CS616; -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m). The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5 m; RH_5 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_10 m) (m/s), wind direction (WD_10 m) (°), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IRT_2) (℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2 and Gs_3) (W/m^2), soil temperature (Ts_0 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_80 cm, Ts_120 cm, and Ts_160 cm) (℃), and soil moisture (Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_80 cm, Ms_120 cm, and Ms_160 cm) (%, volumetric water content). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. Data during 21 December, 2013 and 31 December, 2013 were missing because of power supply; the radiation data were missing before 26 September, 2013 due to the wiring problem. The missing data were denoted by -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2013-9-10 10:30. (6) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2018) (for hydrometeorological observation network or sites information), Liu et al. (2011) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, ZHANG Yang, TAN Junlei
The dataset of automatic meteorological observations was obtained at the Linze grassland station (E100 °04'/N39°15', 1394m) from Oct. 1, 2007 to Oct. 27, 2008. The landscape is dominated by wetland and saline land. Observation items were multilayer (2m, 4m and 10m) of the wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, air pressure, precipitation, four components of radiation, the surface temperature, the soil temperature (5cm, 10cm, 20cm and 40cm), and the multilayer soil temperature (2cm, 5cm and 10cm). The dataset was released at different levels: Level1 were transformed raw data and stored in .csv month by month; Level2 were processed data after correction and quality control. As for detailed information, please refer to Meteorological and Hydrological Flux Data Guide.
HU Zeyong, MA Mingguo, Wang Weizhen, TAN Junlei, HUANG Guanghui, Zhang Zhihui
This dataset contains the automatic weather station (AWS) measurements from site No.1 in the flux observation matrix from 10 June to 17 September, 2012. The site (100.3582° E, 38.8932° N) was located in a cropland (vegetable surface) in the Yingke irrigation district, which is near Zhangye, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1552.75 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity (HMP155; 5 m, towards north), air pressure (PTB110; 2 m), rain gauge (TR525M; 10 m), wind speed and direction (03002; 10 m, towards north), a four-component radiometer (CNR4; 6 m, towards south), two infrared temperature sensors (SI-111; 6 m, vertically downward), soil temperature profile (109ss-L; 0, -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -1.0 m), soil moisture profile (SM300; -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -1.0 m), and soil heat flux (HFP01; 3 duplicates with one below the vegetation and the other between plants, 0.06 m). One of the infrared temperature sensors (IRT_2) was adjusted to a zenith angle of 50° after 6 August. The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5 m and RH_5 m) (℃ and %, respectively), air pressure (press, hpa), precipitation (rain, mm), wind speed (Ws_10 m, m/s), wind direction (WD_10 m, °), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation; W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IR_2, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, below the vegetation; Gs_2 and Gs_3, W/m^2), soil temperature profile (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_60 cm, and Ts_100 cm, ℃), and soil moisture profile (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_60 cm, and Ms_100 cm, %). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows. (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min; therefore, there were 144 records per day. The missing data were filled with -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) In this dataset, the time of 0:10 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:10; the data were stored in *.xlsx format. (5) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Xu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
This data comes from the Tianlaochi watershed sample plot. The vegetation types of the sample plot are grassland, shrub, Sabina przewalskii and Picea crassifolia. The self-made Lysimeter is mainly used to observe the soil evapotranspiration characteristics in Picea crassifolia forestry. To provide basic data for the development of watershed evapotranspiration model. At about 19:00 every day, an electronic scale with an accuracy of 1g is used to weigh the inner barrel. In case of rain, observe whether there is leakage in the leakage barrel. If there is leakage, measure the leakage amount in the leakage barrel as well. The observation period in 2011 is from May 30 to September 10. The observation period in 2012 is from June 11 to September 10. Observation instrument: 1) standard 20cm diameter rain tube rain gauge. 2) self-made lysimeter (diameter 30.5cm, barrel height 28.5). 3) Electronic balance (accuracy: 0.1g) used to observe the weight change of self-made lysimeter.
ZHAO Chuanyan, MA Wenying
The data set contains meteorological element observation data from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 at the downstream mixed forest station of heihe hydrometeorological observation network.The station is located at sidao bridge, dalaihubu town, ejin banner, Inner Mongolia.The longitude and latitude of the observation point are 101.1335e, 41.9903n and 874m above sea level.The air temperature and relative humidity sensors are located at 28m, facing due north.The barometer is installed in the anti-skid box on the ground;Tilting bucket rain gauge installed at 28m;The wind speed and direction sensor is located at 28m, facing due north.The four-component radiometer is installed at 24m, facing due south;Two infrared thermometers are installed at 24m, facing due south and the probe facing vertically downward.Two photosynthetically active radiators were installed at a position of 24m, facing due south, with one probe vertically upward and one probe vertically downward.The soil temperature probe is buried at 0cm of the surface and 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 100cm, 160cm, 200cm and 240cm underground, 2m to the south of the meteorological tower.The soil water probe is buried 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 100cm, 160cm, 200cm and 240cm underground, 2m to the south of the meteorological tower.The soil heat flow plates (3 pieces) are buried in the ground 6cm underground, 2m to the south of the meteorological tower. Observation items are: air temperature and humidity (Ta_28m, RH_28m) (unit: c, percentage), pressure (Press) (unit: hundred mpa), precipitation (Rain) (unit: mm), wind speed (WS_28m) (unit: m/s), wind (WD_28m) (unit: degrees), the radiation of four component (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watts per square meter), the surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit:C), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (in watts/m2), soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_60cm, Ts_100cm, Ts_160cm, Ts_200cm, Ts_240cm) (in:C), soil moisture (Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_60cm, Ms_100cm, Ms_160cm, Ms_200cm, Ms_240cm) (unit: volumetric water content, percentage), upward and downward photosynthetically active radiation (PAR_up, PAR_down) (unit: micromole/sq.s). Processing and quality control of observed data :(1) ensure 144 pieces of data every day (every 10min), and mark by -6999 in case of data missing;Due to the sensor problem, the data of wind speed and infrared temperature between May 26 and July 9, 2017 were missing.(2) excluding the time with duplicate records;(3) data that obviously exceeds the physical significance or the range of the instrument is deleted;(4) the part marked with red letter in the data is the data in question;(5) date and time have the same format, and date and time are in the same column.For example, the time is: 2017-9-1010:30;(6) the naming rule is: AWS+ site name. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Li et al. (2013), and for observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
1、 Data Description: from June 2012 to June 2013, the rainfall, river water and soil water in the basin were sampled and analyzed. 2、 Sampling location: rainfall sampling point is located in Qilian station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, with longitude and latitude of 99 ° 52 ′ 39.4 ″ e, 38 ° 15 ′ 47 ″ n; river water sampling point is located at the outlet of hulugou watershed, with longitude and latitude of 99 ° 52 ′ 47.7 ″ e, 38 ° 16 ′ 11 ″ n, with sampling frequency of once a week; soil water sampling point is located in the middle and lower part of hongnigou catchment, with sampling depth of 180cm underground and longitude and latitude of 99 ° 52 ′ 25.98 ″ E, 38 ° 15 ′ 36.11 ″ n, only one sample is taken. 3、 Test method: thermofisher TM flash 2000 and mat 253 gas stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer were used to measure the samples in 2012; l2130-i ultra-high precision liquid water and water vapor isotope analyzer was used to measure the samples in 2013.
SUN Ziyong, CHANG Qixin
The data are from 2011 to 2012. A 30m×30m Picea crassifolia canopy interception sample plot was set up in the Picea crassifolia sample plot at an altitude of 2800m m. A siphon raingauge model DSJ2 (Tianjin Meteorological Instrument Factory) was set up on the open land of the river about 50m from the sample plot to observe the rainfall outside the forest and its characteristics. Penetrating rain in the forest adopts a combination of manual observation and automatic observation. Automatic observation is mainly realized through a penetrating rain collection system arranged in the interception sample plot, which consists of a water collecting tank and an automatic recorder. Two 400cm×20cm water collecting tanks are connected with DSJ2 siphon rain gauge, and the change characteristics of penetrating rain under the forest are continuously recorded by an automatic recorder. Due to the spatial variability of the canopy structure of Picea crassifolia forest in the sample plot, a standard rainfall tube for manual observation is also arranged in the sample plot to observe the penetrating rain in the forest. Ninety rainfall tubes with a diameter of 20cm are arranged in the sample plot at intervals of 3m. After each precipitation event ends and the penetrating rain in the forest stops, the amount of water in the rain barrel will be emptied and the penetrating rain in the barrel will be measured with the rain cup.
ZHAO Chuanyan, MA Wenying
Three artificial rainfall events were performed on the shady grassland at the altitude of 2700m in the Pailugou watershed of the Qilian Mountains. The times were July 15, 2011, July 16, and July 22, 2011, respectively. Runoff rate, data is recorded every half an hour. Two rainfall simulations were also performed on the sun-slope grassland at the same altitude. As a comparative experiment, the time was July 24 and 25, 2011.
HE Zhibin
Based on DEM data of high precision, the relationship between the average monthly precipitation of climate in the middle and upper reaches of heihe river basin and geographical topographical factors was statistically analyzed, and the average monthly precipitation of climate in the middle and upper reaches of heihe river basin with a spatial resolution of 100m was obtained. The coordinate system is equal latitude and longitude projection, and the spatial scope is heihe river basin.The data is given in TXT text form, and the corresponding longitude, latitude and monthly precipitation of the spatial grid points are given respectively.The unit of longitude and latitude is °, and the unit of precipitation is mm.The data type is a single-precision floating-point type with an invalid value of -9.
Wang Keli
This data set contains the data of meteorological element gradient observation system of alou superstation upstream of heihe hydrometeorological observation network from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014.The station is located in caoban village, aru township, qilian county, qinghai province.The longitude and latitude of the observation point are 100.4643e, 38.0473n and 3033m above sea level.The air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed sensors are located at 1m, 2m, 5m, 10m, 15m and 25m respectively, with a total of six layers facing due north.The wind direction sensor is located at 10m, facing due north;The barometer is installed at 2m;The tilting bucket rain gauge is installed on the observation tower 40m of super aru station;The four-component radiometer is installed at 5m, facing due south;Two infrared thermometers are installed at 5m, facing due south, and the probe facing vertically downward.The photosynthetic effective radiometer is installed at 5m, facing due south, and the probe facing vertically upward.Part of the soil sensor is buried at 2m in the south direction of the tower body, and the soil heat flow plate (self-correcting formal) (3 pieces) are all buried at 6cm underground.The mean soil temperature sensor TCAV is buried 2cm and 4cm underground.The soil temperature probe is buried at the surface of 0cm and underground of 2cm, 4cm, 6cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm, 120cm, 160cm, 200cm, 240cm, 280cm and 320cm, among which the 4cm and 10cm layers have three repeats.The soil water sensor is buried underground 2cm, 4cm, 6cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm, 120cm, 160cm, 200cm, 240cm, 280cm and 320cm respectively, among which the 4cm and 10cm layers have three duplexes. The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_1 m, Ta_2 m, Ta_5 m, Ta_10 m, Ta_15 m and Ta_25 m; RH_1 m, RH_2 m, RH_5 m, RH_10 m, RH_15 m and RH_25 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_1 m, Ws_2 m, Ws_5 m, Ws_10 m, Ws_15 m and Ws_25 m) (m/s), wind direction (WD_2 m) (°), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IRT_2) (℃), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (μmol/(s m-2)), average soil temperature (TCAV, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2 and Gs_3) (W/m2), soil temperature (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm_1, Ts_4 cm_2, Ts_4 cm_3, Ts_6 cm, Ts_10 cm_1, Ts_10 cm_2, Ts_10 cm_3, Ts_15 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_30 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_60 cm, Ts_80 cm, Ts_120 cm, Ts_160 cm, Ts_200 cm, Ts_240 cm, Ts_280 cm and Ts_320 cm) (℃), and soil moisture (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm_1, Ms_4 cm_2, Ms_4 cm_3, Ms_6 cm, Ms_10 cm_1, Ms_10 cm_2, Ms_10 cm_3, Ms_15 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_30 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_60 cm, Ms_80 cm, Ms_120 cm, Ms_160 cm, Ms_200 cm, Ms_240 cm, Ms_280 cm and Ms_320 cm) (%, volumetric water content). Processing and quality control of observed data :(1) ensure 144 pieces of data every day (every 10min), and mark by -6999 in case of data missing;The sensor of soil heat flux G1 was repaired between January 1, 2014 and January 19, 2014, and the data was missing.Sensor maintenance of soil heat flux G3 between January 23, 2014 and July, 2014, data missing;(2) excluding the time with duplicate records;(3) data that obviously exceeds the physical significance or the range of the instrument is deleted;(4) the part marked with red letter in the data is the data in question;(5) date and time have the same format, and date and time are in the same column.For example, the time is: 2014-6-1010:30;(6) the naming rule is: AWS+ site name. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Liu et al.(2018), and for observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al.(2011).
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, ZHANG Yang, TAN Junlei
This dataset contains the automatic weather station (AWS) measurements from site No.13 in the flux observation matrix from 6 May to 20 September, 2012. The site (100.37852° E, 38.86074° N) was located in a cropland (maize surface) in Daman irrigation district, which is near Zhangye, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1550.73 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity (HMP45D; 5 m, towards north), air pressure (CS100; 2 m), rain gauge (TE525M; 10 m), wind speed and direction (034B; 10 m, towards north), a four-component radiometer (CNR4; 6 m, towards south), two infrared temperature sensors (IRTC3; 6 m, vertically downward), soil temperature profile (AV-10T; 0, -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -1.0 m), soil moisture profile (EC20-5; -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -1.0 m), and soil heat flux (HFT3; 3 duplicates with one below the vegetation and the other between plants, 0.06 m). The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5 m and RH_5 m) (℃ and %, respectively), air pressure (press, hpa), precipitation (rain, mm), wind speed (Ws_10 m, m/s), wind direction (WD_10 m, °), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation; W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IR_2, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, below the vegetation; Gs_2 and Gs_3, W/m^2), soil temperature profile (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_60 cm, and Ts_100 cm, ℃), and soil moisture profile (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_60 cm, and Ms_100 cm, %). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows. (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min; therefore, there were 144 records per day. The missing data were filled with -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) In this dataset, the time of 0:10 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:10; the data were stored in *.xlsx format. (5) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Xu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
This dataset includes data recorded by the Hydrometeorological observation network obtained from the automatic weather station (AWS) at the observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of Jingyangling station between 15 August, 2013, and 31 December, 2013. The site (101.116° E, 37.838° N) was located on a cold meadow surface in the Jingyangling, Qilian County, Qinghai Province. The elevation is 3750 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (HMP45AC; 5 m, north), wind speed and direction profile (034B; 10 m, north), air pressure (CS100; in the tamper box on the ground), rain gauge (TE525M; 10 m), four-component radiometer (CNR1; 6 m, south), two infrared temperature sensors (SI-111; 6 m, south, vertically downward), soil heat flux (HFP01; 3 duplicates, -0.06 m), soil temperature profile (109-L; 0, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m), and soil moisture profile (CS616; -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m). The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5 m; RH_5 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_10 m) (m/s), wind direction (WD_10 m) (°), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IRT_2) (℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2 and Gs_3) (W/m^2), soil temperature (Ts_0 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_80 cm, Ts_120 cm, and Ts_160 cm) (℃), and soil moisture (Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_80 cm, Ms_120 cm, and Ms_160 cm) (%, volumetric water content). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The radiation data were missing because of wiring problem. The missing data were denoted by -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2013-9-10 10:30. (6) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Li et al. (2013) (for hydrometeorological observation network or sites information), Liu et al. (2011) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, ZHANG Yang, TAN Junlei
This data set contains meteorological element observation data from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 from jingyangling station, upstream of heihe hydrometeorological observation network.The station is located in jingyangling pass, qilian county, qinghai province.The longitude and latitude of the observation point are 101.1160e, 37.8384N and 3750m above sea level.The air temperature and relative humidity sensors are located at 5m, facing due north.The barometer is installed in the anti-skid box on the ground;The tilting bucket rain gauge is installed at 10m;The wind speed and direction sensor is set at 10m, facing due north;The four-component radiometer is installed at 6m, facing due south;Two infrared thermometers are installed at 6m, facing due south, and the probe facing vertically downward;The soil temperature probe is buried at 0cm on the surface and 4cm underground, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm, 160cm, 2m to the south of the meteorological tower.The soil water probe is buried at 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm underground, 2m to the south of the meteorological tower.The soil heat flow plates (3 pieces) are buried in the ground 6cm underground, 2m to the south of the meteorological tower. Observation items are: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5m, RH_5m) (unit: c, percentage), pressure (Press) (unit: hundred mpa), precipitation (Rain) (unit: mm), wind speed (WS_10m) (unit: m/s), wind (WD_10m) (unit: degrees), the radiation of four component (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watts per square meter), the surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit:Soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (in watts/m2), soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm) (in Celsius), soil moisture (Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm) (unit: percentage). Processing and quality control of observed data :(1) ensure 144 pieces of data every day (every 10min), and mark by -6999 in case of data missing;(2) excluding the time with duplicate records;(3) data that obviously exceeds the physical significance or the range of the instrument is deleted;(4) the part marked with red letter in the data is the data in question;(5) date and time have the same format, and date and time are in the same column.For example, the time is: September 10, 2015, 10:30;(6) the naming rule is: AWS+ site name. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Li et al. (2013), and for observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, ZHANG Yang, TAN Junlei
This data set is the precipitation characteristic data in the precipitation interception data of alpine shrub in hulugou basin in the upper reaches of Heihe River in 2012. The observation date is from October 2, 2011 to September 24, 2012. The observation contents include precipitation, precipitation duration, precipitation intensity and frequency of throughfall. The observation data are recorded by self recording rain gauge and artificial rain gauge.
SONG Yaoxuan, LIU Zhangwen
The data set contains the observation data of meteorological elements from the Bajitan Gobi Desert Station, which is located along the middle reaches of the Heihe Hydro-meteorological Observation Network, and the data set covers data from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. The station is located in Bajitan, West Zhangye City, Gansu Province, the underlying surface is Gobi. The latitude and longitude of the observation point is 100.3042E, 38.9150N, and the altitude is 1562m. The air temperature and relative humidity sensors are erected 5 and 10 meters above the ground, facing North; the barometer is installed 2 meters above the ground; tipping bucket rain gauge is installed 10 meters above the ground; the wind speed sensors are set 5 and 10 meters above the ground, facing North; the four-component radiometer is installed 6 meters above the ground, facing South; two infrared thermometers are installed 6 meters above the ground, facing South, and the probe orientation is vertical downward; the soil temperature probes are buried respectively at 0cm on the ground surface, 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 60cm and 100cm under the ground, they are located 2 meters from the meteorological tower in the North. The soil moisture sensors are buried 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 60cm and 100cm under the ground, 2 meters from the meteorological tower in the South; the soil heat flow boards (3 pieces) are buried 6cm under the ground. Observed items include: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5m、RH_5m、Ta_10m、RH_10m) (unit: Celsius, percentage), pressure(Press) (unit:hectopascal), precipitation (Rain) (unit: mm), wind speed (WS_5m、WS_10m) (unit: meter / sec), wind direction (WD_10m) (unit: degree), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watt / square meter), surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: Celsius) , soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: watt / square meter), soil moisture (Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_60cm、Ms_100cm) (unit: volumetric water content, percentage), soil temperature (Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_60cm、Ts_100cm) (unit : Celsius). Processing and quality control of observation data: (1) Ensure 144 data per day (every 10 minutes), if there is missing data, it is marked as -6999. Due to sensor problem, Ms_40cm data between January 1 and March 2 had a large fluctuation, it can only be used as reference. (2) Eliminate moments with duplicate records; (3) Remove data that is significantly beyond physical meaning or beyond the measuring range of the instrument; (4) Data marked by red is debatable; (5) The formats of the date and time are uniform, and the date and time are in the same column. For example, the time is: 2014-6-10 10:30; (6) The naming rule is: AWS + site name. For hydro-meteorological network or site information, please refer to Liu et al. (2018). For observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
This data set contains meteorological element observation data of heihe remote sensing station in the middle reaches of heihe hydrometeorological observation network from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016.The station is located in the east of dangzhai town, zhangye city, gansu province.The longitude and latitude of the observation point are 100.4756e, 38.8270n and 1560m above sea level.The air temperature and humidity sensor is located at 1.5m, facing due north.The barometer is in the waterproof box;The tilting bucket rain gauge is installed at 0.7 m;The wind speed and direction sensor is located at 10m, facing due north;The installation height of the four-component radiometer is 1.5m, facing due south;The installation height of the two infrared thermometers is 1.5m, facing due south and the probe facing vertically downward.The soil temperature probe is buried at 0cm on the surface and 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm underground.The soil water probe was buried at 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm.Average soil temperature probes were buried in 2cm and 4cm;The soil heat flow plate (3 pieces) is buried 6cm underground.Two photosynthetically active radiometers were set up 1.5m above the canopy (one probe vertically upwards and one probe vertically downwards), facing due south. Observation projects are: air temperature and humidity (Ta_1. 5 m, RH_1. 5 m) (unit: c, percentage), pressure (Press) (unit: hundred mpa), precipitation (Rain) (unit: mm), wind speed (WS_10m) (unit: m/s), wind (WD_10m) (unit: degrees), the radiation of four component (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watts per square meter), the surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit:C), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (in watts/m2), soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm) (in:C), soil moisture (Ms_0cm, Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm) (unit: %), upward and downward photosynthetically active radiation (PAR_U_up, PAR_U_down) (unit: micromole/sq.s), mean soil temperature (TCAV) (unit: Celsius). Processing and quality control of observed data :(1) ensure 144 pieces of data every day (every 10min), and mark by -6999 in case of data missing;2016.1.01-1.29 due to collector problems, many observation elements have more error values;(2) excluding the time with duplicate records;(3) data that obviously exceeds the physical significance or the range of the instrument is deleted;(4) the part marked with red letter in the data is the data in question;(5) date and time have the same format, and date and time are in the same column.For example, the time is: 2016-6-10-10:30;(6) the naming rule is: AWS+ site name. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Liu et al. (2018), and for observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).
LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
This dataset contains the automatic weather station (AWS) measurements from Huazhaizi desert steppe station in the flux observation matrix from 2 June to 21 September, 2012. The site (100.31860° E, 38.76519° N) was located in a desert steppe surface, which is near Zhangye city, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1731 m. There are two equipment in the site, and installed by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAREERI) and Beijing Normal University (BNU), respectively. The installation heights and orientations of BNU were as follows: two infrared temperature sensors (SI-111; 2.65 m, south, vertically downward), soil heat flux (HFP01; 3 duplicates, -0.06 m), soil temperature profile (AV-10T; 0, -0.02, -0.04 m), and soil moisture profile (CS616; -0.02, -0.04 m). For the CAREERI installation: air temperature and humidity profile (HMP45A; 1, 1.99 and 2.99 m, north), wind speed profile (03102; 0.48, 0.98, 1.99 and 2.99 m, north), wind direction (03302; 4 m, north), air pressure (PTB210; in waterproof box), rain gauge (CTK-15PC; 0.7 m), four-component radiometer (CNR1; 2.5 m, south), soil temperature profile (107; -0.04, -0.1, -0.18, -0.26, -0.34, -0.42 and -0.5 m), soil moisture profile (ML2X; -0.02, -0.1, -0.18, -0.26, -0.34, -0.42, -0.5, and -0.58 m, 3 duplicates in -0.02 m). The observations included the following: (1) infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IRT_2) (℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, and Gs_3) (W/m^2), soil temperature (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm) (℃), and soil moisture (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm) (%). (2) air temperature and humidity (Ta_1 m, Ta_1.99 m and Ta_2.99 m; RH_1 m, RH_1.99 m and RH_2.99 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_0.48 m, Ws_0.98 m, Ws_1.99 m and Ws_2.99 m) (m/s), wind direction (WD_4 m) (°), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m^2), soil temperature (Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_18 cm, Ts_26 cm, Ts_34 cm, Ts_42 cm and Ts_50 cm) (℃), soil moisture (Ms_2 cm_1, Ms_2 cm_2, Ms_2 cm_3, Ms_10 cm, Ms_18 cm, Ms_26 cm, Ms_34 cm, Ms_42 cm, Ms_50 cm and Ms_58 cm) (%, volumetric water content). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The BNU data were averaged over intervals of 10 min, The CAREERI data were averaged over intervals of 30 min. A total of 144 runs per day were recorded in BNU data and 48 records per day in CAREERI data. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2012-6-10 10:30. (6) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Xu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
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