Terra (EOS am-1), the flagship of the EOS earth observation series, was the first satellite to be launched on December 18, 1999.ASTER is primarily used for high-resolution observations of surface radiation balance. Compared with Landsat series satellites, ASTER has improved spectral and spatial resolution, and significantly increased short-wave infrared and thermal infrared bands.ASTER has a total of 14 wavebands, including 3 visible and near-infrared wavebands, 5 short-wave infrared wavebands and 5 thermal infrared wavebands. The resolution is 15m, 30m and 90m respectively, and the scanning width is 60km, 30m and 90m respectively.Heihe river basin ASTER remote sensing image data set through the international cooperation data from NASA's web site (https://wist.echo.nasa.gov/). Data naming rules as follows: assuming that the name of the ASTER image for "ASTL1B0103190215190103290064", then ASTL1B said ASTER L1B products, 003 on behalf of the version number namely VersionID, (010319) represents the next 6 digits observation date will be March 19, 2001, followed by six digits (021519) represents the observation time (02:15:19), followed by the last six digits (010329) representing the processing date is March 29, 2001, the last four digits (0064) representing the four-digit sequence code. At present, there are 258 scents of ASTER data in heihe river basin.The acquisition time is:2000-04-25, 2000-04-27 (2 scenes), 2000-05-04, 2000-05-15 (4 scenes), 2000-05-20 (9 scenes), 2000-05-29 (3 scenes), 2000-05-31 (2 scenes), 2000-06-12, 2000-06-14 (5 scenes), 2000-06-21 (3 scenes), 2000-06-30 (8 scenes), 2000-07-18, 2000-07-23 (3 scenes), 2000-08-03 (4 scenes),2000-08-08 (9 scenes), 2000-08-17 (7 scenes), 2000-08-19 (4 scenes), 2000-08-26 (3 scenes), 2000-09-02 (4 scenes), 2000-10-02 (7 scenes), 2000-10-04 (6 scenes), 2000-10-29 (3 scenes), 2000-11-21, 2001-02-18 (2 scenes), 2001-02-25, 2001-03-11 (5 scenes), 2001-03-22 (4 scenes),2001-03-27 (4 scenes), 2001-03-29 (9 scenes), 2001-04-07 (2 scenes), 2001-04-12 (2 scenes), 2001-04-14 (6 scenes), 2001-07-10, 2001-07-12 (8 scenes), 2001-07-21 (8 scenes), 2001-08-13 (8 scenes), 2001-08-20 (7 scenes), 2001-08-22, 2001-08-27 (2 scenes), 2001-08-29,2001-09-03 (2 scenes), 2001-11-15 (7 scenes), 2002-02-01, 2002-03-30 (2 scenes), 2002-04-17 (2 scenes), 2002-05-24, 2002-06-04 (6 scenes), 2002-06-09, 2002-06-13, 2002-06-25, 2002-08-14 (3 scenes), 2002-09-29, 2002-10-19 (2 scenes), 2002-11-11 (2 scenes),2002-12-29 (4 scenes), 2003-04-18, 2003-05-24 (2 scenes), 2003-07-25, 2003-07-30, 2003-8-10 (5 scenes), 2003-08-12, 2003-08-17, 2003-09-09 (11 scenes), 2003-09-13 (4 scenes), 2003-10-15, 2003-10-18, 2003-10-29 (9 scenes), 2003-11-30, 2004-03-14, 2005-03-20,2005-06-05, 2005-08-11, 2007-10-22, 2007-11-14, 2007-11-23, 2007-12-04, 2008-01-28, 2008-02-13, 2008-05-03 (4 scenes), 2008-05-05, 2008-05-17, 2008-06-04 (2 scenes), 2008-06-13.

Landsat 5 was launched in March 1984 and has been in orbit for 16 years. The thematic mapper (TM) sensor on Landsat 5 consists of seven bands, all of which have a resolution of 30m except for band 6, which has a resolution of 120m. Currently, there are 23 TM data sets in heihe river basin.The obtained time was 1987-08-15, 1987-09-14, 1987-10-09, 1988-06-28, 1989-05-09, 1990-07-30, 1990-08-21 (2 scenes), 1990-08-28, 1990-08-30, 1990-09-15 (2 scenes), 1991-09-02, 1995-08-19, 1995-08-21, 2002-06-13,2003-09-12, 2007-09-23, 2008-03-17, 2008-07-07, 2008-07-23. The product is class L1 and has been geometrically corrected.

This set of data mainly includes the demographic data of 12 counties in 6 prefecture-level cities of Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia in Heihe River Basin, covering the time period of 2000-2009. The data source is the local statistical yearbook, which mainly includes: Statistical Bureau of Suzhou District. Statistical Yearbook of Suzhou. 2004-2009; Yumen Statistical Bureau. Yumen Statistical Yearbook. 2000-2008; Jinta County Statistical Bureau. Jinta County Statistical Yearbook. 2004-2009; Gaotai Statistical Bureau. Gaotai Statistical Yearbook. 2000-2007; Shandan County Statistical Bureau. Shandan County Statistical Yearbook. 2000-2009; Sunan Yugur Statistical Bureau. Statistical Yearbook of Sunan Yugur Autonomous County. 2004-2009; Minle County Statistical Bureau. Minle County Statistical Yearbook. 2004-2009; Shandan County Statistical Bureau. Shandan County Statistical Yearbook. 2000-2009; Linze County Statistical Bureau. Linze County Statistical Yearbook. 2000-2009; Ejin Banner Statistical Bureau. Ejin Banner Statistical Yearbook. 1990-2005; Qilian County Statistical Bureau. Qilian County National Economic Statistics. 2004-2009; Part of the data of Zhangye City comes from the basic social and economic situation of townships of Zhangye City in 2005. Data of Jiayuguan City is derived from the CNKI statistical data database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and only contains some county-level data. Data Content Description: The data mainly includes three population indicators of 12 counties in the basin, including Ganzhou District, Gaotai County, Shandan County, Minle County, Linze County, Sunan Yugur Autonomous County, Jinta County, Sunzhou District and Yumen City, Jiayuguan City, Qilian County, and Ejin Banner. The population indicators are permanent population, agricultural population and non-agricultural population at the end of the year. It is divided into two levels: county level and township level. The statistics currently available are: County level: Ejina Banner: 2006-2009: resident population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of each year Ganzhou District: 2009: agricultural population, non-agricultural population of the year; Gaotai County: 2009: agricultural population, non-agricultural population of the year; Sunan: 2000-2009: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of each year; Minle County: 2009: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Linze: 2009: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Yumen City: 2000-2005: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of each year; Township level: Ejin Banner: 2000-2005: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Ganzhou District: 2000-2008: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; 2009: resident population at the end of the year; Gaotai County: 2000-2004, 2006, 2007: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; 2009: resident population at the end of the year; Shandan County: 2000-2007: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; 2009: resident population at the end of the year; Minle County: 2000-2008: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Jinta County: 2004-2009: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Yumen City: 2006-2008: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Suzhou District 2004-2009: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Qilian County: 2004-2009: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Permanent population at the end of the year, agricultural population, non-agricultural population County level township level county level township level county level township level Ejin Banner:2006-2009 2000-2005 2006-2009 2000-2005 2006-2009 2000-2005 Ganzhou District 2000-2009 2009 2000-2008 2009 2000-2008 Gaotai County 2000-2004、 2006、2007、2009 2009 2000-2004、 2006、2007 2009 2000-2004、 2006、2007 Shandan County 2000-2007、2009 2000-2007 2000-2007 Sunan County 2000-2009 2000-2009 2000-2009 Minle County 2009 2000-2008 2009 2000-2008 2009 2000-2008 Linze County 2009 2009 2009 Jinta County 2004-2009 2004-2009 2004-2009 Sunzhou District 2004-2009 2004-2009 2004-2009 Qilian County 2004-2009 2004-2009 2004-2009 Yumen City 2000-2005 2006-2008 2000-2005 2006-2008 2000-2005 2006-2008

ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a Synthetic Aperture Radar sensor mounted on ENVISAT satellite. It operates in c-band with a wavelength of 5.6 cm and features multi-polarization, variable observation Angle and wide-range imaging. Heihe river basin of ENVISAT ASAR remote sensing data sets mainly through central Europe "dragon plan" project, the data to the Image mode, cross polarization (Alternating Polarisation) model with wide is given priority to, the spatial resolution of 30 meters. ENVISAT ASAR data 404 scenes are currently available in heihe river basin, including 82 scenes in APP mode, 7 scenes in IMP mode and 315 scenes in WSM mode. The acquisition time is: APP can choose the polarization mode, the time range is from 2007-08-15 to 2007-12-23, 2008-01-02 to 2008-12-20, 2009-02-15 to 2009-09-06; IMP imaging mode, time range from 2009-06-19 to 2009-07-12; WSM wide format, time range from 2005-12-05 to 2005-12-31,2006-01-06 to 2006-12-31, 2007-01-01 to 2007-12-30, 2008-01-01 to 2008-12-28, 2009-03-13 to 2009-05-22. Product level is L1B, without geometric correction, is amplitude data.

The geomorphic data of Heihe River are from the geomorphic Atlas of the people's Republic of China (1:1 million). This data is based on remote sensing image and other multi-source data integration and update. The main data used and referenced include: 1) remote sensing image data: TM and 2000's around 1990's nationwide About ETM image; 2) historical geomorphic map: 15 published 1 million geomorphic maps, two sets of 1:4 million geomorphic maps in China, 500000 or 1 million geomorphic sketches in all provinces and cities in China; 3) basic geographic data: 1:250000 basic geographic data and 250000 DEM data in China; 4) geological data: 1:500000 geological map in China; 5) relevant thematic maps: land use map, vegetation map and land resource map And so on. The interpretation method adopts the human-computer interaction method based on ArcGIS, and is carried out according to the interpretation sequence of hierarchical classification: the first layer: plain and mountain; the second layer: basic geomorphic types (28); the third layer: 10 genetic types; the fourth layer: secondary genetic types; the fifth layer: morphological difference classification types; the sixth layer: secondary morphological difference classification types; the seventh layer: slope, slope The eighth layer is the type of geomorphic material determined by material composition or lithology; the ninth layer is the combination of 1-7 layers of map spots. There are 441 geomorphic types and codes. Data fields include: fenfu (view frame number), name (attribute), class (code), sname (administrative division).

The data is the Shule River Basin land cover dataset, which is derived from "China's 1: 100,000 Land Use Data Set" in 2000. It is based on Landsat MSS, TM and ETM remote sensing data within three years by satellite remote sensing. This data adopts a hierarchical land cover classification system, which divides the country into 6 first-class categories (cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural areas, industrial and mining areas, residential land and unused land) and 31 second-class categories. The attribute fields include: Area, Perimeter, Code(Land code), Name (land type).

The data set is the HWSD soil texture dataset of the Shulehe River Basin. The data comes from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) constructed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Vienna International Institute for Applied Systems (IIASA). Version 1.1 was released on March 26, 2009. The data resolution is 1km. The soil classification system used is mainly FAO-90. The main fields of the soil attribute table include: SU_SYM90 (soil name in FAO90 soil classification system) SU_SYM85 (FAO85 classification) T_TEXTURE (top soil texture) DRAINAGE (19.5); ROOTS: String (depth classification of obstacles to the bottom of the soil); SWR: String (soil moisture characteristics); ADD_PROP: Real (a specific soil type related to agricultural use in the soil unit); T_GRAVEL: Real (gravel volume percentage); T_SAND: Real (sand content); T_SILT: Real (silt content); T_CLAY: Real (clay content); T_USDA_TEX: Real (USDA soil texture classification); T_REF_BULK: Real (soil bulk density); T_OC: Real (organic carbon content); T_PH_H2O: Real (pH) T_CEC_CLAY: Real (cation exchange capacity of cohesive layer soil); T_CEC_SOIL: Real (cation exchange capacity of soil) T_BS: Real (basic saturation); T_TEB: Real (exchangeable base); T_CACO3: Real (carbonate or lime content) T_CASO4: Real (sulfate content); T_ESP: Real (exchangeable sodium salt); T_ECE: Real (conductivity). The attribute field beginning with T_ indicates the upper soil attribute (0-30cm), and the attribute field beginning with S_ indicates the lower soil attribute (30-100cm) (FAO 2009). The data can provide model input parameters for modelers of the Earth system, and the agricultural perspective can be used to study eco-agricultural zoning, food security, and climate change.

The dataset is the HWSD soil texture dataset of the Qinghai Lake Basin. The data comes from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) constructed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Vienna International Institute for Applied Systems (IIASA). Version 1.1 was released on March 26, The data resolution is 1km. The soil classification system used is mainly FAO-90. The main fields of the soil attribute table include: SU_SYM90 (soil name in FAO90 soil classification system) SU_SYM85 (FAO85 classification) T_TEXTURE (top soil texture) DRAINAGE (19.5); ROOTS: String (depth classification of obstacles to the bottom of the soil); SWR: String (soil moisture characteristics); ADD_PROP: Real (a specific soil type related to agricultural use in the soil unit); T_GRAVEL: Real (gravel volume percentage); T_SAND: Real (sand content); T_SILT: Real (silt content); T_CLAY: Real (clay content); T_USDA_TEX: Real (USDA soil texture classification); T_REF_BULK: Real (soil bulk density); T_OC: Real (organic carbon content); T_PH_H2O: Real (pH) T_CEC_CLAY: Real (cation exchange capacity of cohesive layer soil); T_CEC_SOIL: Real (cation exchange capacity of soil) T_BS: Real (basic saturation); T_TEB: Real (exchangeable base); T_CACO3: Real (carbonate or lime content) T_CASO4: Real (sulfate content); T_ESP: Real (exchangeable sodium salt); T_ECE: Real (conductivity). The attribute field beginning with T_ indicates the upper soil attribute (0-30cm), and the attribute field beginning with S_ indicates the lower soil attribute (30-100cm) (FAO 2009). The data can provide model input parameters for modelers of the Earth system, and the agricultural perspective can be used to study eco-agricultural zoning, food security, and climate change.

The integration of geomorphological information in western China was completed by a team led by Dr. Xie Chuanjie, Institute of Geography, Resources and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences. These include the national geomorphological database of 1: 4 million and the western geomorphological database of 1: 1 million. The geomorphological data of 1: 4 million are tracked, collected and collated by the Geography Department of the National Planning Commission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, "China Geomorphological Map (1: 4 million)" edited by Li Bingyuan and "Geomorphological Map of China and Its Adjacent Areas (1: 4 million)" edited by Chen Zhiming. Scan and register the data, vectorize all registered maps by ArcMap software, and establish their own classification and code systems. Geomorphological types are divided into basic geomorphological types and morphological structure types (point, line and surface representation) according to map spots (common staining) and symbols. Data are divided into structural geomorphology and morphological geomorphology. Projection information: Projection: Albers False_Easting: 0.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Central_Meridian: 105.000000 Standard_Parallel_1: 25.000000 Standard_Parallel_2: 47.000000 Latitude_Of_Origin: 0.000000 Linear Unit: Meter (1.000000) Geographic Coordinate System: datumg Angular Unit: Degree (0.017453292519943299) Prime Meridian: <custom> (0.000000000000000000) Datum: D_Krasovsky_1940 Spheroid: Krasovsky_1940 Semimajor Axis: 6378245.000000000000000000 Semiminor Axis: 6356863.018773047300000000 Inverse Flattening: 298.300000000000010000

The data includes the county-level data of characteristic agriculture distribution in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which lays the foundation for the spatial distribution and development of characteristic agriculture in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.

一. data description The data included the precipitation, river water and groundwater in the small calabash valley from July to September 2015 2H, 18O, with a sampling frequency of 2 weeks/time. 二. Sampling location (1) the precipitation sampling point is located in the ecological hydrology station of the institute of cold and dry regions, Chinese academy of sciences, with the latitude and longitude of 99 ° 53 '06.66 "E, 38 ° 16' 18.35" N. (2) the sampling point of the river is located at the outlet flow weir of haugugou small watershed in the upper reaches of the heihe river, with the latitude and longitude of 99 ° 52 '47.7 "E and 38 ° 16' 11" N.The water sampling point number 2 position for heihe river upstream hoist ditch Ⅱ area exports, latitude and longitude 99 ° 52 '58.40 "E, 38 ° 14' 36.85" N. (3) underground water spring and well water sampling points.The sampling point of spring water is located at 20m to the east of the outlet of the basin, with the latitude and longitude of 99°52 '50.9 "E, 38°16' 11.44" N. The well water sampling point is located near the intersection of east and west branches, with the latitude and longitude of 99 ° 52 '45.38 "E, 38 ° 15' 21.27" N. 三. Test method The δ2H and δ18O values of the samples were measured by PICARRO L2130-i ultra-high precision liquid water and water vapor isotope analyzer. The results were expressed by the test accuracy value of v-smow relative to the international standard substance, and the measurement accuracy was 0.038‰ and 0.011‰, respectively.

1、 Data Description: the data includes the samples of anions and anions of river water and groundwater in hulugou small watershed from July to September 2015 for test and analysis. The sampling frequency is once every two weeks. 2、 Sampling location: (1) there are two river water sampling points. One is located at the outlet flow weir of hulugou small watershed in the upper reaches of Heihe River, with latitude and longitude of 99 ° 52 ′ 47.7 ″ E and 38 ° 16 ′ 11 ″ n. The second sampling point of the river is located at the outlet of hulugou area II at the upper reaches of Heihe River, with the longitude and latitude of 99 ° 52 ′ 58.40 ″ E and 38 ° 14 ′ 36.85 ″ n. (2) Underground water spring and well water sampling points are 20 m to the east of the drainage basin outlet, with longitude and latitude of 99 ° 52 ′ 50.9 ″ E and 38 ° 16 ′ 11.44 ″ n. The well water sampling point is located near the intersection of the East and West Branch ditches, with the longitude and latitude of 99 ° 52 ′ 45.38 ″ E and 38 ° 15 ′ 21.27 ″ n. 3、 Test method: the cation of sample is tested by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), the test accuracy is 0.05mg/l, and the anion is tested by ion chromatograph (ics1100), the test accuracy is 0.002mg/l.