GIMMS (glaobal inventory modelling and mapping studies) NDVI data is the latest global vegetation index change data released by NASA C-J-Tucker and others in November 2003. The dataset includes the global vegetation index changes from 1981 to 2006, the format is ENVI standard format, the projection is ALBERS, and its time resolution is 15 days and its spatial resolution is 8km. GIMMS NDVI data recorded the changes of vegetation in 22a area in the format of satellite data. 1. File format: The GIMMS-NDVI dataset contains all rar compressed files with a 15-day interval from July 1981 to 2006. After decompression, it includes an XML file, an .HDR header file, an .IMG file, and a .JPG image file. 2. File naming: The naming rules for compressed files in the NOAA / AVHRR-NDVI data set are: YYMMM15a (b) .n **-VIg_data_envi.rar, where YY-year, MMM-abbreviated English month letters, 15a-synthesized in the first half of the month, 15b-synthesized in the second half of the month, **-Satellite. After decompression, there are 4 files with the same file name, and the attributes are: XML document, header file (suffix: .HDF), remote sensing image file (suffix: .IMG), and JPEG image file. In this data set, the user uses the remote sensing image file with the suffix .IMG to analyze the vegetation index. Remote sensing image files with suffix of .IMG and .HDF used by users to analyze vegetation indices can be opened in ENVI and ERDAS software. 3. The data header file information is as follows: Coordinate System is:     PROJECTION ["Albers_Conic_Equal_Area"],     PARAMETER ["standard_parallel_1", 25],     PARAMETER ["standard_parallel_2", 47],     PARAMETER ["latitude_of_center", 0],     PARAMETER ["longitude_of_center", 105],     PARAMETER ["false_easting", 0],     PARAMETER ["false_northing", 0],     UNIT ["Meter", 1]] Pixel Size = (8000.000000000000000, -8000.000000000000000) Corner Coordinates: Upper Left (-3922260.739, 6100362.950) (51d20'23.06 "E, 46d21'21.43" N) Lower Left (-3922260.739, 1540362.950) (71d16'1.22 "E, 8d41'42.21" N) Upper Right (3277739.261, 6100362.950) (151d 8'57.22 "E, 49d 9'35.37" N) Lower Right (3277739.261, 1540362.950) (133d30'58.46 "E, 10d37'13.35" N) Center (-322260.739, 3820362.950) (101d22'21.08 "E, 35d42'18.02" N) Band 1 Block = 900x1 Type = Int16, ColorInterp = Undefined     Computed Min / Max = -16066.000,11231.000 4. Conversion relationship between DN value and NDVI  NDVI = DN / 1000, divided by 10000 after 2003   The NDVI value should be between [-1,1]. Data outside this interval represent other features, such as water bodies.

The experimental project of vegetation degradation mechanism and reconstruction in Yuanjiang dry-hot valley in Yunnan belongs to the major research program of "Environmental and Ecological Science in Western China" of the National Natural Science Foundation. The principal is researcher Cao Kunfang of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The project runs from January 2004 to December 2007. Data collected for this project include: 1. Excel table of multi-year average temperature and rainfall in Yuanjiang dry-hot valley (1961-2004), with attribute fields including monthly average temperature and monthly average rainfall. 2. excel table of annual average temperature (1750-2006) in the middle of Hengduan Mountain in China based on tree ring, with attribute fields including year and reconstructed average temperature. 3. excel table of summer temperatures (1750-2006) in the central Hengduan Mountains in southern China based on tree rings. The attribute fields include the year and the reconstructed average temperature in summer (April-September). 4. excel table of drought index (1655-2005) in central Hengduan Mountains of China based on tree rotation, with attribute fields including year and reconstruction of drought index in spring (March-May). 5. pdf file of growth dynamic graph of leaves and branches. it records the growth dynamic trend line and leaf dynamic trend graph of plants with s-type, f-type, intermediate-type and S+SD-type branches from March 22, 2004 to April 8, 2005. 6.32 Phenological Summary Tables of Woody Plants (word Document: Specific Name, Number of Observed Plants/Branches, Type of Branch Extension, Leaf Phenology, Length of Current Year Branches (cm), Total Leaves on Branches, Leaf Area (cm2), Non-leaf Period (Months), Flowering Period, Fruit Ripening Period and Fruit Type) 7. Seasonal Changes of Relative Water Content of Plant Leaves in Yuanjiang Dry-hot Valley (March 2003-February 2004) Excel Table 8. Seasonal Changes of Photosynthesis of 6 Representative Plants in Yuanjiang Dry-hot Valley (Maximum Photosynthetic Rate, Stomatal Conductance, Water Use Efficiency, Maximum Subefficiency of photosystem II) excle Table (2003-2005) 9. excle Table of Long-term Water Use Efficiency (Isotope) Data of Representative Plants in Yuanjiang Dry-hot Valley (Water Use Efficiency in Dry and Wet Seasons of Shrimp Flower, Red-skin Water Brocade Tree, Three-leaf Lacquer, Phyllanthus emblica, Pearl Tree, Dried Sky Fruit, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, West China Small Stone Accumulation, Geranium, Tiger thorn, Willow and Pigexcrement Bean) 10. word Document of List of Plants in Mandan Qianshan, Yuanjiang

The distribution map of permafrost and ground-ice around the Arctic is the only data map of permafrost compiled by the international permafrost association in collaboration with permafrost research institutes of several countries in 1997. The map describes the distribution and properties of permafrost and subsurface ice conditions in the northern hemisphere (20°N to 90°N). Permafrost was divided into continuous (90-100%), discontinuous (50-90%), sporadic (10-50%), island (<10%) and non-permafrost by continuous division of permafrost scope. The subsurface ice abundance at the top 20 m is divided by the percentage of ice volume (>20%, 10-20%, <10% and 0%). Published ESRI-shape files are based on 1:10 million paper maps (Brown et al. 1997). The map can be used in related research such as global climate change, polar resource development and environmental protection. The China section is shown in thumbnail. See the reference for more information (Heginbottom et al. 1993). The format of the data is the ESRI shapefile, you can download it on the snow and ice data center (http://nsidc.org/data/ggd318.html).

In the lower reaches of Tarim River, groundwater is the only water source to maintain the survival of natural vegetation. The change of groundwater level directly affects the growth and decline of plants and controls the evolution and composition of plant communities. Strengthening the research on chemical characteristics of groundwater is an important content of water resources quality evaluation, which is of great significance to the utilization mode, sustainable development, management and protection and construction of ecological environment of watershed water resources. Groundwater level data: In order to understand the change of groundwater level in the process of water conveyance in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, nine groundwater monitoring sections (Figure 1) have been established along the water conveyance channel of the lower reaches of the Tarim River-Qiwenkuoer River. Each section has a spacing of about 20 km. Below Daxi Haizi Reservoir, there are 9 sections such as Akdun (A), Yahefu Mahan (B), Yingsu (C), Abodah Le (D), Khaldayi (E), Tuguemaile (F) and Arakan (G), Yigan Buma (H) and Kaogan (1). Among them, the spacing of the last three sections is 45 km. In the horizontal direction, one underground water level monitoring well (well depth 8-17 m) is arranged at intervals of 100 m or 200 m in each section, and a total of 40 underground water monitoring wells are arranged to monitor the underground water level, water and salt dynamic changes and the influence range on the underground water level in each section during the water delivery process to the lower reaches of Tarim River. The monitoring frequency is once a month, and the monitoring frequency is increased during the water delivery process. Groundwater level data are monitored by conductivity method. Observation sections include: 1. Akerdun Section in Lower Reaches of Tarim River 2. Yahefu Mahan Section in Lower Reaches of Tarim River 3. Yingsu Section in Lower Reaches of Tarim River 4. Abodah-Le Section in Lower Reaches of Tarim River 5. Karadayi Section in Lower Reaches of Tarim River 6. Tuguemaile Section in Lower Reaches of Tarim River 7. Arakan Section in Lower Reaches of Tarim River 8. The lower reaches of Tarim River are not as good as the Ma section 9. Kaogan Section in Lower Reaches of Tarim River

In the lower reaches of Tarim River, groundwater is the only water source to maintain the survival of natural vegetation. The change of groundwater level directly affects the growth and decline of plants and controls the evolution and composition of plant communities. Strengthening the research on chemical characteristics of groundwater is an important content of water resources quality evaluation, which is of great significance to the utilization mode, sustainable development, management and protection and construction of ecological environment of watershed water resources. At fixed points and on a regular basis, 40 groundwater level monitoring wells in the lower reaches of the Tarim River were collected with groundwater samples, sealed and sent to the laboratory for chemical analysis. The analysis content includes 13 indexes including salinity, pH, CO3=, HCO3-, Cl-, SO4=, Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, etc. The analysis methods are as follows: (1) Salinity: gravimetric method; (2) Total alkalinity, HCO3- and CO3=: double indicator titration; (3) Cl-: silver nitrate titration; (4) SO4 =: EDTA volumetric method and barium chromate photometric method; (5) Total hardness: EDTA volumetric method; (6) Ca++, Mg++: EDTA volumetric method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry;

Investigation of plant sample plots can reflect the structure and distribution of plant communities, the declining succession of plant communities and their interrelation with environmental changes, reveal the ecological damage process in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, and provide scientific basis for the environmental remediation of the Tarim River Basin in the large-scale development of the western part of the country. According to the difference of species composition of plant communities in different sections of 9 monitoring sections in the lower reaches of Tarim River, plant sample plots are set up along the direction perpendicular to the river course in each monitoring section. Due to the different vegetation growth in each section, the size and number of sample plots are not equal. Among them, the sample plot of 5m×5m is arranged on the section of the herbaceous community. 30m×30m sample plots are arranged on the section where vegetation grows sparsely or is basically free of herbaceous plants, and 4 15m× 15 m arbor and shrub sample plots are arranged at intervals of 15 m; 50m×50m sample plots are arranged on the section where arbor, shrub and grass vegetation all occupy a certain proportion. In each plot of 50×50m, four plots of 25m×25m are set at 25m intervals to record the individual number, coverage, DBH, basal diameter, height and crown width of each tree (or shrub). At the same time, 4 small sample plots of 5m×5m are set up in each sample plot to record the individual number, coverage, height and other indicators of each herbaceous plant, and GPS is used to locate and record the altitude and longitude and latitude of each sample plot. Data content includes: 1. word Document for Statistics of Plant Sample Land Survey Data from 2000, 2002 to 2007 2. 2000 Inventory of Plant Sample Sites in Lower Reaches of Tarim River (Akdun, Yahopumahan, Yingsu, Abodah, Keldayi Section Vegetation Coverage, Canopy Density, Root Weight, etc.) excel Table 3. excel Table of Plant Sample Plot Survey in Lower Reaches of Tarim River in August 2002 (Data on Individual Number, Crown Width, Plant Height, Density and Coverage of Plants in Akdun, Yingsu, Khaldayi, Arakan and Shidaoban Sections) 4. 2003 Inventory of Plant Sample Sites in Lower Reaches of Tarim River (Data on Individual Number, Crown Width, Plant Height, Density and Base Diameter of Plants in Lower Reaches of Tahe River and Herbaceous Biomass in Akerdun Section) excel Table 5. In September 2004, the lower reaches of the Tarim River plant sample plot questionnaire (data of individual number, crown width, plant height, basal diameter (or DBH), coverage and biomass) excel table of the lower reaches of the Tarim River in Yahefu Mahan, Yingsu, Abodah Le, Khaldayi, Tugamale, Arakan, Yiganbuma and Kaogan sections 6. In July 2005, the lower reaches of Tarim River plant sample plot questionnaire (9 monitoring sections in the lower reaches of Tahe River and data of individual number, crown width, plant height, basal diameter (or DBH) and coverage of plants in taitema lake, and herbaceous biomass data in Akerdun section) excel table 7. In July 2006, the lower reaches of Tarim River plant sample plot questionnaire (the number of individual plants, crown width, plant height, basal diameter (or DBH) and herbaceous biomass data of Akerdun section in 9 monitoring sections in the lower reaches of Tahe River) excel table 8. July 2007, the lower reaches of Tarim river plant sample plot questionnaire (the number of individual plants, crown width, plant height, basal diameter (or DBH) and herbaceous biomass data of akdun section in 9 monitoring sections in the lower reaches of Tahe river) excel table

This data is from the central station of environmental monitoring in gansu province. The data includes three observation elements, namely sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and inhalable particles, which are published on the network. The data format is a text file. The first column is the city name, the second column is sulfur dioxide, the third column is nitrogen dioxide, the fourth column is pm10, and the fifth column is the observation date. The data included lanzhou, jiayuguan, jinchang, baiyin, tianshui, qingyang, pingliang, dingxi, longnan, wuwei, zhangye, jiuquan and linxia. This data will be updated automatically and continuously according to the data source.

This data uses soil conversion functions to take sand, silt, clay, organic matter, and bulk density as inputs to estimate soil hydrological parameters, including parameters of the Clapp and Hornberger function and van Genuchten and Mualem function, field water holding capacity, and withering coefficient. Median and coefficient of variation (CV) provide estimates. The data set is in a raster format with a resolution of 30 arc seconds, and the soil is layered vertically into 7 layers with a maximum thickness of 1.38 meters (ie 0-0.045, 0.045--0.091, 0.091--0.166, 0.166--0.289, 0.289-- 0.493, 0.493--0.829, 0.829--1.383 meters). The data is stored in NetCDF format. The data file name and its description are as follows: 1. THSCH.nc: Saturated water content of FCH 2. PSI_S.nc: Saturated capillary potential of FCH 3. LAMBDA.nc: Pore size distribution index of FCH 4. K_SCH.nc: Saturate hydraulic conductivity of FCH 5. THR.nc: Residual moisture content of FGM 6. THSGM.nc: Saturated water content of FGM 7. ALPHA.nc: The inverse of the air-entry value of FGM 8. N.nc: The shape parameter of FGM 9. L.nc: The pore-connectivity parameter of FGM 10. K_SVG.nc: Saturated hydraulic conductivity of FGM 11. TH33.nc: Water content at -33 kPa of suction pressure, or field capacity 12. TH1500.nc: Water content at -1500 kPa of suction pressure, or permanent wilting point

The source data of this data set are 1:1 million Chinese soil maps and 8,595 soil profiles from the second soil census.The data include section depth, soil thickness, sand, silt, clay, gravel, bulk density, porosity, soil structure, soil color, pH value, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, exchangeable cation amount, exchangeable hydrogen, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium ion and root amount.The dataset also provides data quality control information. The data is in raster format with a spatial resolution of 30 arc seconds.To facilitate the use of CLM model, soil data is divided into 8 layers, with the maximum depth of 2.3 meters (i.e. 0- 0.045, 0.045- 0.091, 0.091- 0.166, 0.166- 0.289, 0.289- 0.493, 0.493- 0.829, 0.829- 1.383 and 1.383- 2.296 m) Data file description： 1 Soil profile depth PDEP.nc 2 Soil layer depth "LDEP.nc LNUM.nc" 3 pH Value (H2O) PH.nc 4 Soil Organic Matter SOM.nc 5 Total N TN.nc 6 Total P TP.nc 7 Total K TK.nc 8 Alkali-hydrolysable N AN.nc 9 Available P AP.nc 10 Available K AK.nc 11 Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) CEC.nc 12 Exchangeable H+ H.nc 13 Exchangeable Al3+ AL.nc 14 Exchangeable Ca2+ CA.nc 15 Exchangeable Mg2+ MG.nc 16 Exchangeable K+ K.nc 17 Exchangeable Na+ NA.nc 18 Particle-Size Distribution Sand SA.nc Silt SI.nc Clay CL.nc 19 Rock fragment GRAV.nc 20 Bulk Density BD.nc 21 Porosity POR.nc 22 Color (water condition unclear) Hue Unh.nc Value Chroma Unc.nc 23 Dry Color Hue Dh.nc Value Chroma Dc.nc 24 Wet Color Hue Wh.nc Value Chroma Wc.nc 25 Dominant and Second Structure S1.nc SW1.nc RS.nc 26 Dominant and Second Consistency C1.nc CW1.nc RC.nc 27 Root Abundance Description R.nc

Data Overview: Zhangye's channels are divided into five levels: dry, branch, bucket, agricultural and Mao channels, of which the agricultural channels are generally unlined. Mao channels are field projects, so the three levels of dry, branch and bucket channels and a small part of agricultural channels are mainly collected. The irrigation canal system data includes 2 main canals (involving multiple irrigation districts), 157 main canals (within a single irrigation district), 782 branch canals and 5315 dou canals, with a total length of 8, 745.0km. Data acquisition process: remote sensing interpretation and GPS field measurement are adopted for data acquisition of irrigation canal system. Direct GPS acquisition channel is the most effective method, but the workload of GPS acquisition channel is too large, and we only verify the measurement in some irrigation areas. The main method is to first collect the manual maps of irrigation districts drawn by each water pipe. Most of these maps have no location, only some irrigation districts such as Daman and Shangsan have been located based on topographic maps, and some irrigation districts in Gaotai County have used GPS to locate some channels. Referring to the schematic diagram of the irrigation district, channel spatial positioning is carried out based on Quikbird, ASTER, TM remote sensing images and 1: 50000 topographic maps. For the main canal and branch canal, due to the obvious linear features on remote sensing images and the general signs on topographic maps, it can be located more accurately. For Douqu, areas with high-resolution images can be located more accurately, while other areas can only be roughly located according to fuzzy linear features of images and prompt information of irrigation district staff, with low positioning accuracy. Each water management office simultaneously provides channel attribute data, which is one-to-one corresponding to spatial data. After the first draft of the channel distribution map is completed, it is submitted twice to the personnel familiar with the channel distribution of each water pipe for correction. The first time is mainly to eliminate duplication and leak, and the second time is mainly to correct the position and perfect the attribute data. Description of data content: The fields in the attribute table include code, district and county name, irrigation area name, channel whole process, channel name, channel type, location, total length, lined, design flow, design farmland, design forest and grass, real irrigation farmland, real irrigation forest and grass, water right area, and remarks. Code example: G06G02Z15D01, where the first letter represents the county name, the 2nd and 3rd numbers represent the county (district) number, the 4th to 6th characters represent the trunk canal code, the 7th to 9th characters represent the branch canal code, and the 10th to 12th characters represent the dou canal code.

In 2007 and 2008, Landsat data set 49 scenes, covering the entire black river basin. The acquisition time is:2007-08-12, 2007-09-23, 2008-01-05, 2008-02-06, 2008-03-17, 2008-03-25, 2008-05-10, 2008-05-19, 2008-05-28, 2008-06-04, 2008-07-07, 2008-07-15, 2008-07-22, 2008-07-23, 2008-08-16, 2008-08-30,2008-09-08, 2008-09-15, 2008-09-17, 2008-10-01, 2008-10-10, 2008-10-19, 2008-10-26, 2008-11-02, 2008-11-04, 2008-11-18, 2008-11-20, 2008-11-27, 2008-12-06, 2008-12-13, 2008-12-14. The product is class L1 and has been geometrically corrected.It includes 4 scenes of TM image and 45 scenes of ETM+ image. The Landsat satellite remote sensing data set of heihe integrated remote sensing joint experiment was obtained through free download.

The Landsat TM Mosaic Image of the Heihe River Basin can be effectively applied to monitoring land-use change of the basin, which reflects the current situation of the Heihe River Basin in 2010, and provides a reliable basis for ecological planning and restoration. This mosaic image collected the TM images released by the USGS for free in 2010 (data from July to September 2010, totally 21 scenes, the maximum cloud amount is less than 10%), and the preprocessed images were geometrically registered by topographic maps(polynomial geometry correction method), then a geometrically-corrected digital mosaic map was generated, which was of high quality after a certain accuracy evaluation. The images were stored in ERDAS IMG format, and the most abundant bands 5, 4 and 3 combination, with three colors: red, green, and blue were selected to generate a color composite image. The combined composite image not only is similar to natural color, which is more in accordance with people's visual habits, but also can fully display the differences in image features because of the rich amount of information.