The GAME/Tibet project conducted a short-term pre-intensive observing period (PIOP) at the Amdo station in the summer of 1997. From May to September 1998, five consecutive IOPs were scheduled, with approximately one month per IOP. More than 80 scientific workers from China, Japan and South Korea went to the Tibetan Plateau in batches and carried out arduous and fruitful work. The observation tests and plans were successfully completed. After the completion of the IOP in September, 1998, five automatic weather stations (AWS), one Portable Atmospheric Mosonet (PAM), one boundary layer tower and integrated radiation observatory (Amdo) and nine soil temperature and moisture observation stations have been continuously observed to date and have obtained extremely valuable information for 8 years and 6 months consecutively (starting from June 1997). The experimental area is located in Nagqu, in northern Tibet, and has an area of 150 km × 200 km (Fig. 1), and observation points are also established in D66, Tuotuohe and the Tanggula Mountain Pass (D105) along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. The following observation stations (sites) are set up on different underlying surfaces including plateau meadows, plateau lakes, and desert steppe. (1) Two multidisciplinary (atmosphere and soil) observation stations, Amdo and NaquFx, have multicomponent radiation observation systems, gradient observation towers, turbulent flux direct measurement systems, soil temperature and moisture gradient observations, radiosonde, ground soil moisture observation networks and multiangle spectrometer observations used as ground truth values for satellite data, etc. (2) There are six automatic weather stations (D66, Tuotuohe, D105, D110, Nagqu and MS3608), each of which has observations of wind, temperature, humidity, pressure, radiation, surface temperature, soil temperature and moisture, precipitation, etc. (3) PAM stations (Portable Automated Meso - net) located approximately 80 km north and south of Nagqu (MS3478 and MS3637) have major projects similar to the two integrated observation stations (Amdo and NaquFx) above and to the wind, temperature and humidity turbulence observations. (4) There are nine soil temperature and moisture observation sites (D66, Tuotuohe, D110, WADD, NODA, Amdo, MS3478, MS3478 and MS3637), each of which has soil temperature measurements of 6 layers and soil moisture measurement of 9 layers. (5) A 3D Doppler Radar Station is located in the south of Nagqu, and there are seven encrypted precipitation gauges in the adjacent (within approximately 100 km) area. The radiation observation system mainly studies the plateau cloud and precipitation system and serves as a ground true value station for the TRMM satellite. The GAME-Tibet project seeks to gain insight into the land-atmosphere interaction on the Tibetan Plateau and its impact on the Asian monsoon system through enhanced observational experiments and long-term monitoring at different spatial scales. After the end of 2000, the GAME/Tibet project joined the “Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)” jointly organized by two international plans, GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment) and CL IVAR (Climate Change and Forecast). The Asia-Australia Monsoon Project (CAMP) on the Tibetan Plateau of the Global Coordinated Enhanced Observation Program (CEOP) has been started. The data set contains POP data for 1997 and IOP data for 1998. Ⅰ. The POP data of 1997 contain the following. 1. Precipitation Gauge Network (PGN) 2. Radiosonde Observation at Naqu 3. Analysis of Stable Isotope for Water Cycle Studies 4. Doppler radar observation 5. Large-Scale Hydrological Cycle in Tibet (Link to Numaguchi's home page) 6. Portable Automated Mesonet (PAM) [Japanese] 7. Ground Truth Data Collection (GTDC) for Satellite Remote Sensing 8. Tanggula AWS (D105 station in Tibet) 9. Syamboche AWS (GEN/GAME AWS in Nepal) Ⅱ. The IOP data of 1998 contain the following. 1. Anduo （1） PBL Tower, 2） Radiation, 3） Turbulence SMTMS 2. D66 （1） AWS （2） SMTMS （3） GTDC （4) Precipitation 3. Toutouhe （1） AWS （2） SMTMS （3 ）GTDC 4. D110 （1） AWS （2） SMTMS (3) GTDC (4) SMTMS 5. MS3608 （1） AWS （2） SMTMS （3） Precipitation 6. D105 （1） Precipitation (2) GTDC 7. MS3478(NPAM) （1） PAM （2） Precipitation 8. MS3637 （1） PAM （2） SMTMS （3） Precipitation 9. NODAA （1） SMTMS (2) Precipitation 10. WADD （1） SMTMS （2） Precipitation （3） Barometricmd 11. AQB （1） Precipitation 12. Dienpa (RS2) （1） Precipitation 13. Zuri （1） Precipitation （2） Barometricmd 14. Juze （1） Precipitation 15. Naqu hydrological station （1） Precipitation 16. MSofNaqu （1） Barometricmd 16. Naquradarsite （1）Radar system （2） Precipitation 17. Syangboche [Nepal] （1） AWS 18. Shiqu-anhe （1） AWS （2） GTDC 19. Seqin-Xiang （1） Barometricmd 20. NODA （1）Barometricmd （2） Precipitation （3) SMTMS 21. NaquHY （1） Barometricmd （2） Precipitation 22. NaquFx(BJ) （1） GTDC（2) PBLmd (3) Precipitation 23. MS3543 （1） Precipitation 24. MNofAmdo （1） Barometricmd 25. Mardi （1） Runoff 26. Gaize （1） AWS （2） GTDC （3） Sonde A CD of the data GAME-Tibet POP/IOP dataset cd （vol. 1) GAME-Tibet POP/IOP dataset cd （vol. 2)
0 2019-09-12
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne microwave radiometers (L&K bands) mission in the Linze station foci experimental area on Jul. 4, 2008. Observation items included: (1) soil moisture (0-5cm) measured by the cutting ring method (50cm^3) from sample points of the P1 to P6 strips (17 sample points each),. Photos were also taken. The preprocessed soil volumetric moisture data were archived as Excel files. (2) surface radiative temperature measured by the three handheld infrared thermometer (5# and 6# from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, and one from Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, which were all calibrated) from P1 to P6 strips quadrates. There are 34 sample points in total and each was repeated three times synchronizing with the airplane. Photos were taken. Data were archived as Excel files. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
0 2019-05-23
This data was compiled by Qiu Baoming, Gao Qianzhao, Peng Qilong, etc. of Lanzhou Desert Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and published by Xi'an map publishing house in 1988 (Qiu Baoming, etc., 1988). The grassland is mainly divided into eleven categories: swamp grassland, low humidity grassland, plain desert grassland, plain semi desert grassland, desert riverside sparse forest shrub grassland, mountain desert grassland, mountain semi desert grassland, mountain grassland grassland, mountain meadow grassland, mountain meadow grassland, mountain shrub meadow grassland and ancillary grassland. Property fields include: Grassland code, type, and subclass.
0 2020-06-05
This dataset contains the automatic weather station (AWS) measurements from Bajitan Gobi station in the flux observation matrix from 13 May to 21 September, 2012. The site (100.30420° E, 38.91496° N) was located in a Gobi surface, which is near Zhangye city, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1562 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity (HMP45AC; 5 m and 10 m, towards north), air pressure (PTB110; 2 m), rain gauge (TE525M; 10 m), wind speed (03001; 5 m and 10 m, towards north), wind direction (03001; 10 m, towards north), a four-component radiometer (CNR1; 6 m, towards south), two infrared temperature sensors (IRTC3; 6 m, vertically downward), soil temperature profile (AV-10T; 0, -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -1.0 m), soil moisture profile (ECh2o-5; -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -1.0 m), and soil heat flux (HFT3; 3 duplicates, 0.06 m). The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5 m and Ta_10 m, RH_5 m and RH_10 m) (℃ and %, respectively), air pressure (press, hpa), precipitation (rain, mm), wind speed (Ws_5 m and Ws_10 m, m/s), wind direction (WD_10 m, °), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation; W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IR_2, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2 and Gs_3, W/m^2), soil temperature profile (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_60 cm, and Ts_100 cm, ℃), and soil moisture profile (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_60 cm, and Ms_100 cm, %). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows. (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min; therefore, there were 144 records per day. The missing data were filled with -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) In this dataset, the time of 0:10 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:10; the data were stored in *.xlsx format. (5) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Xu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
0 2021-01-26
The third pole 1:100,000 Water data set includes：Different grades of river lines（Tibet_River）、Polygonal drainage pattern（Tibet_Water_poly）vector space data set and its attribute name：Name（name）、Type（Type）、water leng（leng）、water area（Area）. The data comes from the 1:100,000 ADC_WorldMap global data set，The data through topology, warehousing and other data quality inspection，Data through the topology, into the library，It's comprehensive, up-to-date and seamless geodigital data. The world map coordinate system is latitude and longitude, D_WGS_1984 datum surface
0 2019-09-15
The data of this data set comes from the soil profile data integrated by the major research plan integration project of Heihe River Basin (soil data integration and soil information product generation of Heihe River Basin, 91325301). The prediction method is mainly based on the soil landscape model. The basic theory of the model is the classic soil genesis theory. The model regards the soil as the product of the comprehensive effects of climate, topography, parent material, biology and time. Scope: Heihe River Basin; Projection: Albers ﹣ conic ﹣ equal ﹣ area; Spatial resolution: 90m; Data format: ArcGIS grid; Data content: spatial distribution of soil thickness Prediction method: enhanced regression tree Environmental variables: main soil forming factors
0 2020-03-27
The Antarctic and Arctic bacterial distribution data set provides distribution characteristics of bacteria in the Arctic and Antarctic. The collection period of the samples was from December 13,2005, to December 8,2006; 52 samples were obtained from 3 Arctic regions (Spitsbergen Slijeringa, Spitsbergen Vestpynten, and Alexandra Fjord_Highlands), and 171 samples were obtained from 5 Antarctic regions (the Mitchell Peninsula, Casey station main Power house, Robinsons Ridge, Herring Island, and Browning Peninsula). The soil surface samples were stored in liquid nitrogen after collection, shipped to a Sydney laboratory, and extracted using the FastPrep DNA kit. The extracted DNA samples were processed by 27F (5'-GAGTTTGATCNTGGCTCA-3' and 519R (5'-GTNTTACNGCGGCKGCTG-3') to amplify the 16S rRNA gene fragments. The amplified fragments were sequenced by the 454 method, and the raw data were analyzed by Mothur software. First, the sequences with poor sequencing quality were removed, the sequences were then sorted, and the chimera sequences were removed. The similarities between the sequences were calculated, the sequences with similarities above 97% were clustered into one OTU, and the OTU representative sequence was defined. By comparison with the Silva database, the OTU sequences with reliabilities greater than 80% were identified as level one. This data system compared the diversity of microorganisms in the eastern Antarctic with that in the Arctic and is of great significance for the study of the distributions of microorganisms in the Antarctic and Arctic.
0 2020-04-29
This dataset contains the automatic weather station (AWS) measurements from site No.9 in the flux observation matrix from 4 June to 17 September, 2012. The site (100.38546° E, 38.87239° N) was located in a cropland (maize surface) in Yingke irrigation district, which is near Zhangye, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1543.34 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity (HMP45AC; 5 m, towards north), rain gauge (TE525M; 10 m), wind speed (010C; 10 m, towards north), a four-component radiometer (CNR1; 6 m, towards south), two infrared temperature sensors (SI-111; 6 m, vertically downward), soil temperature profile (AV-10T; 0, -0.02, -0.04 m), soil moisture profile (CS616; -0.02, -0.04 m), and soil heat flux (HFP01; 3 duplicates with one below the vegetation and the other between plants, 0.06 m). The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5 m and RH_5 m) (℃ and %, respectively), precipitation (rain, mm), wind speed (Ws_10 m, m/s), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation; W/m2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IR_2, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, below the vegetation; Gs_2 and Gs_3, W/m^2), soil temperature profile (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, and Ts_4 cm, ℃), and soil moisture profile (Ms_2 cm and Ms_4 cm, %). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows. (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min; therefore, there were 144 records per day. The missing data were filled with -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) In this dataset, the time of 0:10 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:10; the data were stored in *.xlsx format. (5) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Xu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
0 2019-09-14
Photosynthesis of Populus euphratica is mainly affected by atmospheric CO2 concentration, intercellular CO2 concentration, photosynthetic active radiation and leaf temperature when groundwater level is deep and shallow, but with the decrease of groundwater level, atmospheric CO2 concentration and photosynthetic active radiation become the main factors limiting photosynthesis of Populus euphratica. This is because when the groundwater depth is low, the groundwater supply is sufficient, and the leaves are not limited by the water supply. When the photosynthetic effective radiation is strong, the air temperature and leaf temperature are relatively high, and the relative humidity of the air is small. At this time, the photosynthesis and transpiration are both strong. Stomata mainly adapt to strong transpiration by increasing stomatal conductance, i.e. reducing stomatal resistance. At the same time, CO2 in the air continuously enters cells through open stomata, and becomes the raw material for photosynthesis together with intercellular CO2, thus causing the decrease of CO2 concentration in the air and intercellular space, which is the CO2 supply limitation that often causes photosynthesis inhibition in photosynthesis. However, when subjected to water stress, the supply of CO2 is no longer the main reason for limiting photosynthesis. When the photosynthetic effective radiation increases, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance all increase. When the supply of CO2 concentration is relatively sufficient, photosynthesis will be slowed down due to the shortage of water, another necessary raw material for photosynthesis. Water use efficiency and water productivity of plants are of great practical significance for measuring and screening species in arid regions. The flow rate was 400μmol/ s and the leaf temperature was kept at 26°C using the L I-6400 portable photosynthesis analyzer, the CO2 concentration in the reference chamber was kept at 360μmol/ mol or 720μmol/ mol using the CO2 injection system, and the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was set at 2000,1500,1200,1000,500,300,50,0 μ mol/(m2) using the 6400-02B L ED light source. s) 。 Twelve healthy and mature leaves were selected from the east, south, west and north of each Populus euphratica to the middle and upper parts respectively, from 8 :00 to 20 :00, and photosynthetic apparatus Li 6400 (Li 6400, LiCOR, Lincoln, NE, USA) respectively measured the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (gs) and other gas exchange parameters of each leaf, simultaneously measured the atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), photosynthetic effective radiation (Pa r), atmospheric temperature (T a), leaf surface temperature (Tl), air relative humidity (RH) and other parameters, and repeated readings for each leaf 3 times. Water use efficiency (WUE) = Pn/ Tr, stomatal limitation (Ls )= 1-Ci/Ca.
0 2020-04-02
A remote sensing image mosaic was generated for Greenland by processing a collection of 108 scenes of Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing images from 2014 to 2015 with DN correction, cloud removal correction, planetary reflectance correction, reflectance and RGB value conversion, image synthesis and merging, etc. The spatial resolution of the entire image is 30 m, and the stereographic projection method is adopted.
0 2019-12-05
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