Through the observation of tissue sections of root system, stem and leaf of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, it is found that Ammopiptanthus mongolicus has morphological characteristics of efficient absorption, transportation and storage of water. Through the study of physiology and biochemistry of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, the physiological and molecular mechanism of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus adapting to water stress through osmotic adjustment under drought stress was preliminarily confirmed. Through the study of physiological characteristics of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus under drought conditions, the change rule of proline accumulation with the process of drought stress was found, which may participate in the regulation mechanism of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus adapting to water stress as an important osmotic regulator. Furthermore, 7 full-length genes involved in proline synthesis, metabolism and transport of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus were cloned and obtained.
SU Yanhua
This dataset is the FPAR observation in the artificial oasis experimental region of the middle stream of the Heihe River Basin. The observation period is from 24 May to 19 July, 2012 (UTC+8). Measurement instruments: AccuPAR (Beijing Normal University) Measurement positions: Core Experimental Area of Flux Observation Matrix 18 corn samples, 1 orchard sample, 1 artificial white poplar sample Measurement methods: For corn, to measure the incoming PAR on the canopy, transmission PAR under the canopy, reflected PAR on the canopy, reflected PAR under the canopy. For orchard and white poplar forest, to measure the incoming PAR outside of the canopy, transmission PAR under the canopy. Corresponding data: Land cover, plant height, crop rows identification
MA Mingguo
China 1:100000 data of land use is a major application in the Chinese Academy of Sciences "five-year" project "the national resources and environment remote sensing macroscopic investigation and study of dynamic organized 19 Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of remote sensing science and technology team, by means of satellite remote sensing, in three years based on Landsat MSS, TM and ETM remote sensing data established China 1:100000 images and vector of land use database.The main contents include: China 1:100,000 land use data;China 1:100,000 land use graph data and attribute data. The data was directly clipped from China's 1:100,000 land-use data.A hierarchical land cover classification system was adopted for the land use data of heihe basin of 1:100,000, and the whole basin was divided into 6 primary categories (arable land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural areas, industrial and mining areas, residential land and unused land) and 26 secondary categories.The data type is vector polygon, which is stored in Shape format.There are two types of data projection: WGS84/ALBERS;Data coverage covers the new heihe watershed boundary (lack of outer Mongolia data). Land use classification attributes: The first class type and the second class type attributes encode the spatial distribution position Cultivated paddy field 113 is mainly distributed in alluvial plain, basin and valley Cultivated paddy field 112 distributed in hilly valley narrow valley platform or beach (with irrigation conditions) Cultivated paddy field 111 is mainly distributed in mountain valley narrow valley platform or beach (with better irrigation conditions) Arable land 124 is mainly distributed in mountainous areas, the slope is generally more than 25 degrees (belongs to the steep slope hanging land), should be returned to forest. Cultivated dry land 123 is mainly distributed in basins, piedmont belts, river alluvial, diluvial or lacustrine plains (water shortage and poor irrigation conditions). Cultivated dry land 122 is mainly distributed in hilly areas (shaanxi, gan, ning, qing).In general, the plot is distributed on gentle slopes and x and sockets of hills. Arable land 121 is mainly distributed in the mountainous area, with an elevation of 4000 meters below the slope (gentle slope, mountainside, steep slope platform, etc.) and mountain front belt. Woodlands have woodlands (trees) 21 mainly distributed in the mountains (below 4000 meters above sea level) or in the slope, valley two slopes, mountain tops, plains.In qinghai nanshan, qilian mountains are. Woodland shrub 22 is mainly distributed in the higher mountain areas (below 4500 m), most of the distribution of hillside and valley and sand. Forest dredging 23 mainly distributed in the mountains, hills, plains and sandy land, gobi (soil, gravel) edge. Other woodlands 24 are mainly distributed in the oasis ridge, river, roadside and rural residential areas around. Grassland 31 is generally distributed in mountainous areas (gentle slopes), hills (steep slopes) and interriver beaches, gobi desert, sandy hills, etc. The covered grassland 32 is mainly distributed in dry places (next door low-lying land and sandy hills, etc.). Grassland low cover grassland 33 mainly grows in drier places (loess hills and sandy edges). The river channel 41 is mainly distributed in the plain, the cultivated land between the rivers and the valleys in the mountains. Water lakes are mainly distributed in low-lying areas. The reservoirs are mainly distributed in the intermountain lowlands and intersandy hills in qinghai province. Water area glaciers and permanent snow 44 mainly distributed in the plain, the valley between the river, there are surrounding residents and arable land. Waters and beaches are mainly distributed on the top of (over 4000) mountains.
WANG Jianhua, LIU Jiyuan
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with MODIS was obtained in the Linze grassland foci experimental area on Jun. 22, 2008. Simultaneous east-west ground measurements on the canopy temperature, the half-height temperature and the land surface radiative temperature were carried out by the hand-held infrared thermometer at intervals of 125m in 8 quadrates (2km×2km), No.1 quadrate (H01-H08) on Jun. 22, No.2 quadrate (H09-H16) on Jun. 23,No.3 quadrate (H17-H24) on Jun. 22, No.4 quadrat (H25-H32) on Jun. 23, No.5 quadrate (H33-H40) on Jun. 22, No.6 quadrate (H41-H48) on Jun. 23, No,7 quadrate (H49-H56) and No.8 quadrate (H57-H64) on Jun. 23. Data were archived in Excel format. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
CHAO Zhenhua, NIAN Yanyun, WANG Xufeng, LIANG Wenguang
This data set is collected according to the output results of tesim ecological process model, including biomass, plant N and P content, evapotranspiration, NPP and other model output results. Some of the results are obtained by field measurement, some by laboratory analysis of field samples, some by literature.
PENG Hongchun
This dataset contains the LAI measurements from the Sidaoqiao in the downstream of the Heihe integrated observatory network from June 16 to October 18 in 2018. The site was located in Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The elevation is 870 m. There are 2 observation samples, around Sidaoqiao superstation (101.1374E, 42.0012N) and Mixed forest station (101.1335E, 41.9903N), each of which is about 30m×30m in size. Five sub-canopy nodes and one above-canopy node are arranged in each sample. The LAI data is obtained from LAINet measurements following four steps: (1) the raw data is light quantum (level 0); (2) the daily LAI can be obtained using the software LAInet (level 1); (3) the invalid and null values are screened and using the 7 days moving averaged method to obtain the processed LAI (level 2); (4) for the multi LAINet nodes observation, the averaged LAI of the nodes area is the final LAI (level 3). The released data are the post processed LAI products and stored using *.xls format. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2018) (for sites information), Qu et al. (2014) for data processing) in the Citation section.
Qu Yonghua, XU Ziwei, LI Xin
Trunk sap flow is an effective tool for measuring transpiration of a single plant. In this project, the trunk sap flow data of Populus euphratica in the lower reaches of Heihe River was measured by HRM (ICT, Australia) with a frequency of 0.5h. In the growth season of 2012-2013, the installation location is the north and lateral roots (50cm underground depth, 30cm away from the trunk) at the DBH (1.3m).
SI Jianhua
The fixed forest sample plot is located in the drainage ditch of Dayekou, Qilian Mountain, where the hydrological observation field of Gansu Water Conservation Forest Research Institute is located. From July 2003 to August 2003 and from July 2007 to August 2007, the tree survey of the sample plot was completed by technicians from Gansu Water Conservation Forest Research Institute and Institute of environment and Engineering in cold and dry areas of Chinese Academy of Sciences. A total of 17 fixed forest samples were observed, including the survey of sample plot factors and the survey of each tree. The observation factors of sample plots mainly include forest farm, longitude and latitude coordinates, slope direction, slope position, slope, soil thickness, canopy density of arbor layer, leaf area index, etc. The main instruments used in the measurement are tape, DBH, flower pole, tree measuring instrument, compass and fish eye camera. The measurement factors of each tree include DBH, height of tree, height under branch, crown width in cross slope direction, crown width along slope direction, growth status of single tree, etc. For details, please refer to the metadata of "Heihe River Integrated Remote Sensing joint test: fixed sample plot tree survey data set (2003)" and "Heihe River Integrated Remote Sensing joint test: fixed sample plot tree survey data set (2007)". The Lai in this data set is the supplementary measurement data during the joint remote sensing experiment of Heihe River in 2008. That is to say, the supplementary measurement of Lai has been done in these fixed plots. The supplementary observation time of Lai was from June 1 to 13, 2008. 15 of the 17 fixed plots were investigated. Four instruments were used to observe each plot. In addition to the commercial instruments such as hemiview fish eye camera, LAI-2000 and trac, these instruments also use the canopy analysis instrument made by Beijing Normal University. In each 20 m × 20 m plot, trac measures along two parallel routes perpendicular to the direction of sunlight incidence, which can basically represent the entire quadrat; hemiview fisheye camera and LAI-2000 measure the same points, that is, take three points on the trac line, plus the center point of the quadrat, a total of 7 measuring points. This set of data set can provide ground data for the study of remote sensing inversion method of forest structure parameters.
SONG Jinling, FU Zhuo, LI Shihua, ZOU Jie, ZHANG Xuelong, WANG Shunli, ZHAO Ming, LEI Jun, NIU Yun, LUO Longfa, LING Feilong, HE Qisheng, CHEN Erxue
The dataset includes the chlorophyll content of vegetation in different site which has different types of vegetation, acquired on 8 July, 2012, in order to validate the Chlorophyll products. Observation instruments: Sampling, Acetone extraction method Measurement methods: To analyze the influence height on chlorophyll , we select 12 different corn samples based on the height of corn. To compare the chlorophyll content of different types of vegetation, we also select 3 types of vegetation sample on the first EC tower, 1 beans sample near the seventeenth EC tower and 3 reed samples on wetland. A total of selected 19 different samples are analyzed in the laboratory in the College of Life Science, Hexi. We extract chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, the content of total chlorophyll of selected samples. Dataset contents: Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, the content of total chlorophyll Measurement time: 8 July, 2012
Jia Shuzhen
This dataset contains the LAI measurements from the Daman superstation in the middle reaches of the Heihe integrated observatory network from June 11 to September 18 in 2018. The site (100.372° E, 38.856°N) was located in the maize surface, near Zhangye city in Gansu Province. The elevation is 1556 m. There are 3 observation samples, each of which is about 30m×30m in size, and the latitude and longitude ranges are (100.373297°E~100.374205°E, 38.857871°N~38.858390°N), (100.373918°E~100.373897°E, 38.854025°). N~38.854941°N), (100.368007°E~100.369044°E, 38.850678°N~38.851580°N). Five sub-canopy nodes and one above-canopy node are arranged in each sample. The LAI data is obtained from LAINet measurements following four steps: (1) the raw data is light quantum (level 0); (2) the daily LAI can be obtained using the software LAInet (level 1); (3) the invalid and null values are screened and using the 7 days moving averaged method to obtain the processed LAI (level 2); (4) for the multi LAINet nodes observation, the averaged LAI of the nodes area is the final LAI (level 3). The released data are the post processed LAI products and stored using *.xls format. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2018) (for sites information), Qu et al. (2014) for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, Qu Yonghua, XU Ziwei, LI Xin
This dataset includes 5 sub-datasets obtained from measurements in the flux observing matrix at observing site No.15 (the Daman superstation) and 13. Specifically, the sub-datasets include the following: (1) a dataset that contains atmospheric water vapor D/H and 18O/16O isotopic and flux ratio measurements from site No.15 from 27 May to 21 September in 2012, (2) a dataset that contains D/H and 18O/16O isotopic ratios of water in soil and in corn xylem at site No.15 from 27 May to 21 September 2012, (3) a dataset that contains atmospheric water vapor D/H and 18O/16O isotopic ratios at site No.13 when airborne surveys occurred, and (4) a dataset that contains D/H and 18O/16O isotopic ratios of water in soil and in corn xylem at sites No.13 and 15 when airborne surveys occurred, (5) a dataset that contains the ratios of evaporation and transpiration to evapotranpiration at site No.15. The experiment area was located in a corn cropland in the Daman irrigation district of Zhangye, Gansu Province, China. The positions of observing sites No.15 and 13 were 100.3722° E, 38.8555° N and 100.3785° E, 38.8607° N, respectively, with an elevation of 1552.75 m above sea level. The atmospheric water vapor D/H and 18O/16O isotopic and flux ratios at site No.15 were continuously measured using an in situ observation system. The system consisted of an H218O, HDO and H2O analyzer (Model L1102-i, Picarro Inc.), a CTC HTC-Pal liquid auto sampler (LEAP Technologies) and a multichannel solenoid valve (Model EMT2SD8 MWE, Valco Instruments CO. Inc.). The heights of the two intakes were 0.5 and 1.5 m above the corn canopy. The water vapor D/H and 18O/16O isotopic ratio analyzer recorded signals at 0.2 Hz; data were recorded for 2 minutes per intake. The data were block-averaged to hourly intervals. The sampling frequency of soil and xylem at site No. 15 was 1-3 days. The atmospheric water vapor D/H and 18O/16O isotopic and flux ratios at site No.13 were measured using a cold traps/mass spectrometer. The sampling frequency of atmospheric water vapor, soil water and xylem water at site No.13 was the same as that of the airborne surveys. Briefly, the Picarro analyzer measurements were calibrated during every 3 h switching cycle using a two-point concentration interpolation procedure in which the water vapor mixing ratio was dynamically controlled to track the ambient water vapor mixing ratio. Possible delta stretching effects were not considered. A schematic diagram of the Picarro analyzer and its operation principles and calibration procedure are described elsewhere in the literature (Huang et al., 2014; Wen et al. 2008, 2012). The dataset of atmospheric water vapor D/H and 18O/16O isotopic and flux ratios at site No.15 includes the following variables: Timestamp (time, timestamp without time zone), Number (available record number), δD for r1 (δD for the lower intake, ‰), δD for r2 (δD for the higher intake, ‰), δ18O for r1 (δ18O for the lower intake, ‰), δ18O for r2 (δ18O for the higher intake, ‰), vapor mixing ratio for r1 (vapor mixing ratio for the lower intake, mmol/mol), vapor mixing ratio for r2 (vapor mixing ratio for the higher intake, mmol/mol), δET_D (δD of evapotranspiration, ‰), and δET_18O (δ18O of evapotranspiration, ‰). The dataset of D/H and 18O/16O isotopic ratios of water in soil and in corn xylem at site No.15 includes the following variables: Timestamp (time, timestamp without time zone), Remark (treatment: soil without mulch (Ld)=1; soil with mulch (Fm)=2; soil with male corns (F)=3; Xylem=4), δD (‰), and δ18O (‰). The dataset for the ratio of soil evaporation and transpiration to the evapotranspiration at site 15 includes the following variables: Timestamp (time, timestamp without time zone), E/ET (ratio of soil evaporation to the evapotranspiration, %), and T/ET (ratio of transpiration to the evapotranspiration, %). The mean (±one standard deviation) ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration was 86.7±5.2% (the range was 71.3 to 96.0%). The mean (±one standard deviation) ratio of soil evaporation to the evapotranspiration was 13.3 ±5.2% (the range was 4.0 to 28.7%). The dataset of atmospheric water vapor D/H and 18O/16O isotopic ratio at site No. 13 when airborne surveys occurred includes the following variables: Timestamp1 (start time, timestamp without time zone), Timetamp2 (end time, timestamp without time zone), Height (observation height, cm), δD (‰), and δ18O (‰). The dataset of D/H and 18O/16O isotopic ratios of water in soil and in corn xylem at sites No. 13 and 15 when airborne surveys occurred include the following variables, Timestamp (time, timestamp without time zone), Remark (treatment: soil without mulch (Ld)=1; soil with mulch (Fm)=2; Xylem=4), δD (‰), δ18O (‰), and Location (observing site 13 or 15) . The missing measurements were replaced with -6999. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Wen et al. (2016) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
WEN Xuefa, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin
The dataset of water content of forest canopy components (the twig and the leaf) measurements was obtained at the super site (100m×100m) around the Dayekou Guantan forest station on Jun. 5, 2008. The sample tree was selected according to different diameters at breast height. 5 diameter classes were divided and in each class, 10 trees were selected and altogether 30 trees were selected as sampling trees. Branches in different parts were picked by the tree pruner and the twig and the leaf were separated manually, whose green weight was measured by the scales on the scene and dry weight by oven drying in the lab. Those provide reliable data for the reconstruction of the 3D structure of the forest scene, and for modelling active and passive remote sensing mechanisms and the simulation of remote sensing images.
BAI Lina, TIAN Xin, WANG Bengyu, CHEN Erxue
The sampling and distribution of plant materials in the arid regions of the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River Basin. The plants are mainly shrubs and a few herbs. The numbering of plant materials is consistent with the morphological structural characteristics analysis table and is used in correspondence with each other.
LIU Yubing
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with MODIS, ALOS PALSAR and AMSR-E was obtained in the Biandukou foci experimental area on May 24, 2008. Observation items included: (1) the surface temperature in No. 1 (grassland), No. 2 (the rape land), No. 3 (the rape land), No. 4 (the wheat land) and No. 5 quadrate (wheat and rape); (2) the soil moisture by WET in No. 2 quadrate; (3) GPR and WET; (4) The spectrum by ASD Fieldspec FRTM (Boulder, Co, USA), 350nm-2500nm, 3nm for the visible near-infrared band and 10nm for the shortwave infrared band). The spectrum data were archived in the ASCII format, with the first five rows as the file header and the following two columns as wavelength (nm) and reflectance (percentage) respectively, and can be opened by .txt or wordpad. The .txt file was not reflectance but intermediate file for further calculation. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro). The surface radiative temperature and the physical temperature were measured by the handheld infrared thermometer. Besides, the cover type was also recorded. The data can be opened by Microsoft Office. Soil moisture was acquired by WET and the cutting ring. The data can be opened by Microsoft Office. Six data files were included, soil moisture, the surface temperature, GPR, coverage photos and preprocessed data, ground objects spectrum and satellite images.
BAI Yunjie, CAO Yongpan, CHE Tao, DU Ziqiang, HAO Xiaohua, WANG Zhixia, WU Yueru, CHAI Yuan, CHANG Sheng, QIAN Yonggang, SUN Xiaoqing, WANG Jindi, YAO Dongping, ZHAO Shaojie, ZHENG Yue, ZHAO Yingshi, LI Xiaoyu, PATRICK Klenk, HUANG Bo, LI Shihua, LUO Zhen
From May to October 2012, the monthly Lai vegetation index product data of 30 meters in Heihe River Basin was retrieved by using the environmental satellite CCD image, and the inversion method was based on the look-up table method and go + Hapke model. In the inversion process, Nelson parameters are determined according to vegetation types.
FAN Wenjie
The dataset contains phenological camera observation data collected at the Arou Superstation in the midstream of the Heihe integrated observatory network from June 13 to November 16, 2018. The instrument was developed with data processed by Beijing Normal University. The phenomenon camera integrates data acquisition and data transmission functions. The camera captures high-quality data with a resolution of 1280×720 by looking-downward. The calculation of the greenness index and phenology are following 3 steps: (1) calculate the relative greenness index (GCC, Green Chromatic Coordinate, calculated by GCC=G/(R+G+B)) according to the region of interest, (2) perform gap-filling for the invalid values, filtering and smoothing, and (3) determine the key phenological parameters according to the growth curve fitting (such as the growth season start date, Peak, growth season end, etc.) There are also 3 steps for coverage data processing: (1) select images with less intense illumination, (2) divide the image into vegetation and soil, and (3) calculate the proportion of vegetation pixels in each image in the calculation area. After the time series data is extracted, the original coverage data is smoothed and filtered according to the time window specified by the user, and the filtered result is the final time series coverage. This data set includes relative greenness index (GCC), phenological phase and fractional cover (FC). Please refer to Liu et al. (2018) for sites information in the Citation section.
Qu Yonghua, XU Ziwei, LI Xin
The survey area is 101 ° 3 ′ 13.265 ″ longitude, 42 ° 1 ′ 53.660 ″ latitude and 883.54m altitude. The sample area is 100 × 100m, and the sample area is 20 × 20m. The crown width, height and DBH of Populus euphratica were investigated.
SI Jianhua
The dataset of the survey at the sampling plots in the transit zone between oasis and desert was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area. Observation items included: (1) soil moisture and temperature of the soil profiles (0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm) measured by the cutting ring method (50cm^3, once each layer) and the probe thermometer (15cm, twice each layer) on May 25, 2008. Data were archived as Excel files. (2) biomass (green weight and dry weight, samples from 0.5m×0.5m) with photos measured by the plant harvesting in LY07 quadrate on Jun. 22, 2008. Data were archived as Excel files. (3) vegetation coverage measured by the diagonal method on Jun. 22, 2008. By estimating the coverage along the two diagonals, the total coverage of the plot can be developed. Data were archived as Excel files.
GAO Song, PAN Xiaoduo, Qian Jinbo, SONG Yi, WANG Yang, ZHU Shijie
Leaf water potential is an important indicator of plant growth. In this project, Populus euphratica and Tamarix were selected in the lower reaches of Heihe River. Wp4c was used for 15 days to measure leaf water potential data before dawn, noon and sunset, which can provide basic data for understanding the growth conditions of desert plants.
SI Jianhua
The dataset of the structure parameter measurements for afforested forest was obtained in the Zhangye city foci experimental area. To be specific, the full height was measured by the altimeter 12km east of Zhangye city on May 30, the LAI by LAI-2000 in Linze grassland foci experimental area on Jun. 5, measurements in Yingke oasis on Jun. 14 and 17, afforested forest parameters in Jiulongjiang forest farm on Jun. 28 and LAI by LAI-2000 in Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental area on Jul.1, 2008. 6 files in total were archived, zhangyefroestpark.xls (31K, 5-30), Linzestation.xls (16K, 6-4), yingke1.xls ( 21K, 6-14), yingke2.xls (21K, 6-17), yingke3.xls (16K, 7-1), and jiulongjiangforestfarm.xls ( 22K, 6-28) respectively.
GAO Shuai, QIN Yuchu, WU Mingquan, WU Chaoyang
In the growing season of 2012, four typical shrub communities observed precipitation stem stream and penetrating rainfall during the experiment period.Data content: test date;Stem flow rate;Penetration rainfall, interception. Method of observation: water penetration was measured using a circular iron vessel with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 10 cm.Since jinrumei, seabuckthorn and jinjijicinus shrub could not be observed on a single plant, after the canopy canopy density of the sample plots was determined, 9 water receivers were placed in each sample plot, so that there were water receivers under different canopy closures.This method of observing rain penetration allows for better collection of rain penetration from different parts of the underbrush.Due to the difficulty of observation and the lack of herbaceous vegetation, the interception of herbaceous under shrub was neglected.Takashima is centered on the stem, which is near the stem. One is placed at the edge of the crown and one at the middle of the crown and spoke. The Angle between each 3 containers is 120°.Six of each shrub were selected for stem flow observation.A single shrub was measured on the lower stems of all branches, and the stem flow of the trunk of the cluster shrub was measured by standard branch method, that is, the basal diameter of each branch of the selected shrub was measured.Under brush all branch stem, the use of polyethylene plastic hose cut open, card on the thickets stems directly, with a plastic adhesive tape and glass, the plastic tube directly connected to the trunk stem flow collection bottle, bottle thickness and plastic pipe, avoid rain and penetrate the rain into the collection bottle, before use after artificial experiments can precisely collect trunk stem flow.In order to reduce the error caused by evaporation in the measurement process, the penetrating rainfall and the flow of the trunk and stem were measured in time after the rain, such as the rain at night, and the samples were taken early in the morning on the second day. Data processing: the penetration rainfall is multiplied by 1.78 (conversion coefficient of different diameters of 20 cm and 15 cm) and replaced by the corresponding penetration rainfall (mm) at standard 20 cm.The measured water volume of each trunk flow collection bottle was divided by the projection area of the standard branch to obtain the trunk flow rate of the branch. The trunk flow rate of the standard branch was multiplied by the number of branches of the whole shrub to obtain the trunk flow rate of the whole shrub.According to the principle of water balance, the redistribution process of rainfall by shrub can be divided into three parts: interception, trunk flow and penetrating rainfall: IC = P - SF - TF Where, P is the rainfall outside the forest;TF is the penetrating rainfall;SF is the flow rate of the trunk.IC is the interception amount of the irrigation layer.According to the measured data of the stem flow through the rain trunk, the interception was obtained by using the above equation.
SONG Yaoxuan, LIU Zhangwen
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with EO-1 Hyperion was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on May 25, 2008. Observation items included: (1) Atmospheric parameters on the ICBC resort office roof by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (2) Ground object reflectance spectra f new-born rape and the bare land in Biandukou foci experimental area by ASD FieldSpec (350~2500 nm) from BNU. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (3) Soil moisture (0-40cm) by the cutting ring and the soil temperature (0-40cm) by the thermocouple in Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot and the windbreak forest; and soil moisture and the soil temperature (0-100cm) in Yingke oasis maize field. Data were archived in Excel format. (4) LAI. The maximum leaf length and width of each alfalfa and barley were measured. Data were archived in Excel format. (5) Coverage of maize and wheat in Yingke oasis maize field, of vegetation (Reaumuria soongorica) in Huazhaizi desert No. 1 and 2 plots by the self-made coverage instrument and the camera (2.5m-3.5m above the ground). Based on the length of the measuring tape and the bamboo pole, the size of the photo can be decided GPS date were also collected and the technology LAB was applied to retrieve the coverage of the green vegetation. Besides, such related information as surroundings environment was also recorded. Data included the primarily measured image and final fraction of vegetation coverage.
CHEN Ling, QIAN Yonggang, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, YAN Guangkuo, GE Yingchun, SHU Lele, WANG Jianhua, XU Zhen, GUANG Jie, LI Li, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, TAO Xin, YAN Binyan, YAO Yanjuan
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with Landsat TM was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on May 20, 2008. Observation items included: (1) LAI in Yingke oasis maize field. The maximum leaf length and width of each alfalfa and barley were measured. Data were archived in Excel format. (2) Reflectance spectra in Yingke oasis maize field by ASD FieldSpec (350-2500nm, the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation) from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (CAS), and in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by ASD FieldSpec (350-1603nm, the vertical observation and the transect observation for reaumuria soongorica and the bare land) from Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The grey board and the black and white cloth were also used for calibration spectrum. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (3) the radiative temperature by 3 handheld radiometers in Yingke oasis maize field (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, BNU and Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources respectively, the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation), and by 3 handheld infrared thermometers in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (the vertical vegetation and bare land observation). The data included raw data (in Word format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (4) the radiative temperature of maize, wheat and the bare land of Yingke oasis maize field by ThermaCAM SC2000 (1.2m above the ground, FOV = 24°×18°). The data included raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (archived in Excel format). (5) Photosynthesis of maize, wheat and the bare land of Yingke oasis maize field by LI6400, carried out according to WATER specifications. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format (by notepat.exe) and processed data were in Excel format. (6) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format. (7) Atmospheric parameters in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (8) Coverage fraction of Reaumuria soongorica by the self-made coverage instrument and the camera (2.5m-3.5m above the ground) in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot. Based on the length of the measuring tape and the bamboo pole, the size of the photo can be decided. GPS data was used for the location and the technology LAB was used to retieve the coverage fractionof the green vegetation. Besides, such related information as the surrounding environment was also recorded. Data included the vegetation iamge and coverage (by .exe). (9) The radiative temperature of Reaumuria soongorica canopy and the bare land by 2 fixed automatic thermometers (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 0.95) in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot, observing straight downwards at intervals of 1s. Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format.
CHAI Yuan, CHEN Ling, KANG Guoting, LI Jing, QIAN Yonggang, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, WANG Jindi, XIAO Zhiqiang, YAN Guangkuo, SHU Lele, GUANG Jie, LI Li, Liu Qiang, LIU Sihan, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Hao, ZHOU Chunyan, TAO Xin, YAN Binyan, YAO Yanjuan, TIAN Jing, LI Xiaoyu
We produced surface photosynthetic effective radiation (PAR), solar radiation (SSR) and net radiation (NR) products with 1KM resolution in the heihe basin in 2012.The temporal resolution ranges from instantaneous to hourly and daily.Day-by-day ancillary data were also produced, including aerosol optical thickness, moisture content, NDVI, snow cover, and surface albedo.Among them, PAR and SSR use the method of lookup table to directly invert by combining the stationary weather satellite and polar orbit satellite MODIS product.NR was calculated by analyzing the relationship between net short-wave and net surface radiation.Hourly instantaneous products are weighted by average and integral to obtain hourly and daily cumulative products.
HUANG Guanghui
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on Jun. 29, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire VNIR, MIR and TIR band data. The simultaneous ground data included: (1) Atmospheric parameters in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot from CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (2) Emissivity of maize and wheat in the Yingke oasis by portable 102F (2.0~25.0um) from BNU. Warm blackbody, cold blackbody, the target and the au-plating board of known emissivity. Raw data of those four measurements were archived in *.WBX, *.CBX, *.SAX and *.CBX Besides, the spectral radiance and emissivity calculated by 102F were archived in *.RAX and *.EMX, respectively. Meanwhile, the final spectral emissivity of targets were also calculated by TES (ISSTES). (3) LAI of mazie and wheat in Yingke oasis maize field. The maximum leaf length and width of leaves were measured. Data were archived as Excel files of Jul. 2. (4) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) of maize and wheat by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in MS Office Word format. (5) the radiative temperature by the automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 0.95), measured at nadir with time intervals of one second in Yingke oasis maize field (one from BNU and the other from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications), Huazhaizi desert maize field (only one from BNU for continuous radiative temperature of the maize canopy) and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (two for reaumuria soongorica canopy and the background bare soil). Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived as Excel files. (6) the component temperature in Yingke oasis maize field (by the handheld radiometer and the thermal image from BNU), Yingke oasis wheat field and Huazhaizi desert maize field. For maize, the component temperature included the vertical canopy temperature, the bare land temperature and the plastic film temperature; for the wheat, it included the vertical canopy temperature, the half height temperature, the lower part temperature and the bare land temperature. The data included raw data (in MS Office Word format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (7) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the observation height). Data were archived in MS Office Excel format. (8) the radiative temperature by the handheld radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field and Huazhaizi desert maize field (the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation for both fields), and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (the NE-SW diagonal observation). The data included raw data (in .doc format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (9) ground object reflectance spectra in Yingke oasis maize field by ASD FieldSpec (350～2 500 nm) from BNU. The vertical canopy observation and the line-transect observation were used. The data included raw data (from ASD, read by ViewSpecPro), recorded data and processed data on reflectance (in Excel format).
CHEN Ling, GUO Xinping, REN Huazhong, WANG Tianxing, XIAO Yueting, YAN Guangkuo, CHE Tao, GE Yingchun, GAO Shuai, LI Hua, LI Li, LIU Sihan, SU Gaoli, WU Mingquan, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, FAN Wenjie, SHEN Xinyi, YU Fan, YANG Guijun, Liu Liangyun
The dataset of canopy structure and biophysical parameter measurements was obtained in the Linze grassland foci experimental area. Detailed information was as follows: {| !Observation item !observation time !plot |- | The leaf angle || 2008-06-24 || E |- | The leaf angle || 2008-06-29 || A E |- | Vegetation biomass || 2008-06-18 || A D E |- | Vegetation biomass || 2008-06-24 || A E |- | Vegetation biomass || 2008-06-29 || A E |- | Plant height || 2008-05-26 || A D E |- | Plant height || 2008-06-14 || B |- | LAI || 2008-05-28 || E |- | LAI || 2008-06-05 || E |- | LAI || 2008-06-06 || A |- | LAI || 2008-06-11 || A |- | LAI || 2008-06-18 || D E |- | Coverage || 2008-5-27 || subplots (30m) in A, D and E |- | Coverage || 2008-5-26、27 || plots (360m) in D and E |- | Coverage || 2008-6-14 || plots (360m) in B |- |} Data were archived in Excel and txt file. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
CAO Yongpan, CHAO Zhenhua, GE Chunmei, HU Xiaoli, HUANG Chunlin, NIAN Yanyun, WANG Shuguo, WANG Xufeng, WU Yueru, WANG Jing, LI Xiaoyu
The dataset of LAI measurements was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area. (1) LAI of maize, desert scrub and the poplar measured by the fisheye camera (CANON EOS40D with a lens of EF15/28), shooting straight downwards, with exceptions of higher plants, which were shot upwards in Wulidun farmland quadrates (Jun. 3, 4 and 29, May 28 and 30 and Jul. 11), inside Linze station quadrates (Jun. 19, 25 and 30, Jul. 3 and 10, May 27), the desert transit zone (May 28 and 30) and the poplar forest (May 30). Sample points were archived in coordiantes.xls. Data included original photos (.JPG) and those processed by can_eye5.0 (in excel). For more details, see Readme file. (2) LAI measured by the ruler and the set square in Wulidun farmland quadrate inside Linze station on May 22, 23, 24, 28 and 30 and Jul. 11, 2008. Part of the samples were also measured by LI-3100 and compared with those by manual work for further correction. Data were archived as Excel files. (3) LAI and SD of maize measured by LAI2000 in Wulidun farmland quadrates (Jun. 24 and 29 and Jul. 10) and inside Linze station quadrates (Jun. 19, 25 and 30, Jul. 3, 9 and 10). Data educed from LAI2000 periodically were archived as text files (.txt) and marked with one ID. Raw data (table of word and txt) and processed data (Excel) were included. Besides, observation time, the observation method and the repetition were all archived. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
DONG Jian, LI Jing, Li Xiangyun, Qu Yonghua, SONG Danxia, SUN Qingsong, XIAO Yueting, XIAO Zhiqiang, YU Yingjie, ZHOU Hongmin, JIANG Hao, LI Shihua,
This data is a vegetation map of the upper reaches of Yingluoxia in the main stream of Heihe River, with a scale of 1:100,000 and an area of about 10,000 square kilometers. The data format is GIS vector format, which meets the data input requirements of eco-hydrological model. Map modification is still needed before publication. This version is version 2.0, and it is to be modified after compared with the survey data of the upstream sample belts of Heihe Project. Based on the "1:1 million Chinese Vegetation Map", the altitude, aspect and other terrains of the upper reaches of the Heihe River (based on ASTER GDEM) are analyzed in detail, combined with field survey data, literature, TM, ETM+ images, and Google Earth, etc., and with the optimization of the group boundary of "1:1 million Chinese Vegetation Map", this data is obtained. This data adjusts the type boundary of the 1:1 million vegetation map to a large extent, and is much more consistent with the altitude and aspect. This data can be directly used and edited in Arc GIS and its compatible software.
ZHENG Yuanrun
Field survey data of ecological vegetation sample in ejin delta during the project implementation period. A sample of ecological vegetation survey near 31 groundwater salinity observation points in ejin delta.The main investigation items include: plant species, plant structure, number, height, base diameter, crown width, coverage, frequency, etc.Time: 2010 and 2011 (july-august).
YU Jingjie
The dataset of spectral reflectance observations of the Picea crassifolia was obtained at the super site around the Dayekou Guantan forest station. Six measurements were carried out altogether, including three outdoors and three indoors. (1) Outdoor multiangle (-60°, -50°, -40°, -30°, -20°, -0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50° and 60°) and four-component (the sunshine and the shaded canopy, the sunshine and the shaded land) spectrum of Qinghai spruce was measured by ASD, FieldSpec Pro and the observation platform (of BNU make) on Jun. 10 and 11, 2008. Optical fibres of 1m and 10m were used as required. Data were archived as Excel files. (2) Indoor observations by the integrating sphere, Li－Cor 1800-12s (BNU), ASD and FieldSpec Pro were carried out on Jun. 5, 0 and 10, 2008. They were mainly for trees of different ages, reflectance of Qinghai spruce bark, and reflectance and transmission. The data can only be opened by ASD ViewSpecPro; the processed spreadsheet file can be opened by Microsoft Excel. (3) Vertical ground object (scrub, meadow, moss, the shaded moss, litter, the bare land, Qinghai spruce of different ages) spectrum was measured by ASD and FieldSpec Pro on Jun. 4, 2008. Optical fibres of 1m and 10m were used as required.
SONG Jinling, FU Zhuo, GUO Xinping, WANG Xinyun, WANG Qiang, WANG Bengyu
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with PROBA CHRIS was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on Jun. 22, 2008. Observation items included: (1) Albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format. (2) BRDF of maize in Yingke oasis maize field by ASD (350-2 500 nm) from Beijing University and the observation platform of BNU make. The maximum height of the platform was 5m above the ground with the azimuth 0~360° and the zenith angle -60°~60°; BRDF in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by ASD from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (CAS) and the observation platform of its own make, whose maximum height was 2m above the ground with the zenith angle -70°~70°. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (3) Atmospheric parameters in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number.
CHEN Ling, GUO Xinping, REN Huazhong, ZOU Jie, LIU Sihan, ZHOU Chunyan, FAN Wenjie, TAO Xin
The dataset of evaportranspiration measured by micro-lysimeter was obtained at the super site (100m×100m, pure Qinghai spruce) around the Dayekou Guantan forest station. Observation items included the ground-based lidar scanning, the total station measuring, DGPS, tally investigation, LAI, canopy spectrum, camera observations of the canopy, soil evapotranspiration, the soil frozen tube observations, surface roughness, precipitation interception, soil moisture and dry-wet weight of the forest component. Observation time was 18:00 every day from Jun. 1 to Dec. 31, 2008. 20 rain gauges, 4 self-made Lysimeter (diameter: 20cm) and the electronic balance were used. Those provide reliable data for retrieval of evapotranspiration from remote sensing data.
BAI Yunjie, CHE Tao, LI Jiancheng, TAN Junlei
1. Data overview The data set of the base camp integrated environmental observation system is a set of ENVIS (IMKO, Germany) which was installed at the base camp observation point by qilian station.It is stored automatically by ENVIS data mining system. 2. Data content This data set is the scale data from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012.Including air temperature 1.5m, humidity 1.5m, air temperature 2.5m, humidity 2.5m, soil moisture 0cm, precipitation, wind speed 1.5m, wind speed 2.5m, wind direction 1.5m, geothermal flux 5cm, total radiation, surface temperature, ground temperature 20cm, ground temperature 40cm, ground temperature 60cm, ground temperature 80cm, ground temperature 120cm, ground temperature 160cm, CO2, air pressure. 3. Space and time scope Geographical coordinates: longitude: 99° 53’e;Latitude: 38°16 'N;Height: 2980.2 m
SI Jianhua
This is the LAINet dataset measured in the corn field at the Xiaoman irrigation district (from 25 June, to 24 August, 2012). The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time. Instrument: LAINet- A wireless sensor network for leaf area index measurement, Beijing Normal University Measurement Mode: LAINet observation system is formed by 3 kinds of sensor nodes, they are respectively (1) node below the canopy, sensors up-looking are used for measure the transmitted radiation through the canopy, which are deployed horizontally; (2) node above canopy: sensors up-looking are used for measure the total sun incident radiation, which are deployed horizontally; (3) sink or router node, which is designed for receiving and transmitting data measured by the above node and below node. Data Processing: the original data obtained from sensors is received by sink nodes, and forms the original dataset in days after pre-processed. The observation for transmittance of the canopy is acquired by calculating the ratio of the radiation through the canopy and the total incident radiation above the canopy at different sun elevation angles during a day. The retrieval of LAI is based on the multi-angle transmittance data. LAINet dataset is composed of original LAI data, LAI data after calculating the mean value in 5 days interval and the longitude and latitude of the measurement nodes. All the data are stored in the format of Excel. As for the data after calculating the mean value in 5 days, we take the number of aggregation nodes as the name of the sheet. Data saved in a sheet is from an sink node which receives the measurement data from the child nodes. The original data records the LAI of every node in the observation day. In the sheet of two kinds of data above, the meaning of the column is as follows: DOY, node one, node two, …, and node N.
MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with ASTER was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area on May 28, 2008. Observation items included: (1) soil moisture (0-5cm) measured once by the cutting ring method at the corner points of the 40 subplots of the west-east desert transit zone strip once by cutting ring method in the corner points of nine subplots of the north-south desert transit zone, once by the cutting ring method and once by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer in the center points of nine subplots of the farmland. The preprocessed soil volumetric moisture data were archived as Excel files. (2) surface radiative temperature measured by the handheld infrared thermometer (5# and 6# from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute which were both calibrated) in 40 subplots of the west-east desert transit zone strip (repeated 14-30 times), and nine subplots of the north-south desert transit zone strip (repeated 12-30 times). Data were archived as Excel files. (3) BRDF of maize and desert scrub measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, the 40% reference board , two observation platforms of BNU make and one of Institute of Remote Sensing Applications make in Wulidun farmland quadrates and the desert transit zone strips. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance and transmittivity were archived as text files (.txt). (4) LAI measured by two methods in the the Wulidun farmland quadrates and Linze station quadrates. One is manual method. The LAI, plant height and the spacing of selected samples were measured by the ruler and the number of the sapmles in the quadrate were counted. Then the LAI can be calculated. The other method is LI-3100. Data were archived as Excel files.
Qian Jinbo, SONG Yi, WANG Zhixia, WANG Yang, PAN Xiaoduo, LI Jing, Li Xiangyun, Qu Yonghua, SUN Qingsong
LAI observation was carried out for the typical underlying surface in the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin during the aviation flight experiment in 2014. The observation started on 24 July, 2014 and finished on 1 August, 2014. 1. Observation time On days of 24 July, 27 July, 30 July, 31 July and 1 August, 2014 2. Samples and observation methods Large areas with homogeneous vegetation (greater than 100 m * 100 m) were chosen as the observation samples. And forty field samples were selected according to the characteristics of vegetation distribution in the downstream. The land-use types including the cantaloupe, the Tamarix chinensis, the reeds, the weeds, the Karelinia caspica, the Sophora alopecuroides and so on. LAI data were calculated according to the transmittance derived from an A value (above-canopy readings) and four B values (below readings). More than two LAI values were obtained for each sample. At the same time, the heights of the vegetation in each sample were measured. 3. Observation instrument LAI 2200 4. Data storage The observation recorded data were stored in excel and the original LAI data were stored in txt files.
SONG Yi, Li Yimeng
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne microwave radiometers (L&K bands) mission was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area on May 25, 2008. Observation items included: (1) soil moisture (0-5cm) measured once by the cutting ring method in the corner points of the 40 subplots of the west-east desert transit zone strip , three times in the corner points of the nine subplots of the north-south desert transit zone, once by the cutting ring and once by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer in the center points of nine subplots of the farmland quadrates. The preprocessed soil volumetric moisture data were archived as Excel files. (2) the surface radiative temperature by three handheld infrared thermometer (5# and 6# from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, and one from Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, which were all calibrated) in the west-east and north-south desert transit zone strip (various times synchronizing with the airplane), and Wulidun farmland quadrates (repeated twice at intervals of 15m from east to west). There are 34 sample points in total and each was repeated three times synchronizing with the airplane. Photos were taken. Data were archived as Excel files. (3) maize BRDF once by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter), two observation platforms of BNU make and one of Institute of Remote Sensing Applications make in Wulidun farmland. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance were archived as text files (.txt). See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
DING Songchuang, GAO Song, PAN Xiaoduo, Qian Jinbo, WANG Yang, ZHU Shijie, LI Jing, XIAO Zhiqiang
As determined in mid-august 2013, planting species: bubbly spines (different habitats are mid-range intermountain lowland and gobi), red sand (different habitats are mid-range gobi and downstream gobi). Using the brother company of LI - 6400 Portable Photosynthesis System (Portable Photosynthesis System, LI - COR, USA) and LI - 3100 leaf area meter, etc., to the desert plant photosynthetic physiological characteristics were observed. The symbolic meaning of the observed data is as follows: Obs，observation frequency ； Photo ，net photosynthetic rate，μmol CO2•m–2•s–1； Cond stomatal conductance，mol H2O•m–2•s–1 ; Ci, Intercellular CO2 concentration, μmol CO2•mol-1； Trmmol，transpiration rate，mmol H2O•m–2•s–1； Vpdl，Vapor pressure deficit，kPa； Area，leaf area，cm2； Tair，free air temperature ，℃； Tleaf，Leaf temperature，℃； CO2R，Reference chamber CO2 concentration，μmol CO2•mol-1； CO2S，Sample chamber CO2 concentration，μmol CO2•mol-1； H2OR，Reference chamber moisture，mmol H2O•mol-1； H2OS，Sample chamber moisture，mmol H2O•mol-1； PARo，photon flux density，μmol•m–2•s–1； RH-R，Reference room air relative humidity，%； RH-S，Relative humidity of air in sample room，%； PARi，Photosynthetic effective radiation，μmol•m–2•s–1； Press，barometric pressure，kPa； Others are the state parameters of the instrument at the time of measurement.
SU Peixi
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with Envisat ASAR and MODIS was obtained in the arid region hydrological experimental area on May 24, 2008. The Envisat ASAR data were in AP mode and VV/VH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 11:34 BJT. Observation items included: (1) The radiative temperature of Reaumuria soongorica and the bare soil in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (HZZHMYD2)was collected using ThermaCAM SC2000 (1.2m above the ground, FOV = 24°×18°), along the diagonal (NW-SE). The data included raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (archived as Excel files). (2) The radiative temperature by the automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 0.95), were measured at nadir with time intervals of one second. Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived as Excel files. (3) The radiative temperature in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by the handheld infrared thermometer (which belongs to BNU) along the diagonal (NW-SE). Raw data (.doc), blackbody calibrated data and processed data (in Excel format) were all archived. (4) Soil moisture (0-40cm) by the cutting ring and the soil temperature by the thermocouple thermometer in Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi foci experimental area. Besides, (a) roughness of No. 1 and 2 Huazhizi desert plots was also measured by self-made instruments . Sample points were selected every 30m along the diagonal of each plot. (b) soil profile moisture (0-100cm) and the temperature in the maize field of Yingke oasis. (c) soil profile moisture (0-100cm) and the temperature in one orchard of Yingke Oasis. Data were all archived as Excel files. (5) the photosynthetic rate of alfalfa and barley at Linze grass station by LI-6400. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format (by notepat.exe) and processed data were as Excel files. (6) ground object reflectance spectra of new-born rape and the bare land in Biandukou foci experimental area by ASD FieldSpec (350～2500 nm) from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (CAS). Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (7) LAI by the measuring tape and the ruler in the alfalfa field of Linze grass station. The maximum length and width of alfalfa leaves and barley were measured. Data were archived as Excel files. (8) surface roughness in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot with the self-made roughness board (Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS), the digital camera and the compass. Sample points were selected at equal intervals along the diagonals and marked in the photos.
CHEN Ling, KANG Guoting, QIAN Yonggang, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, WANG Jindi, YAN Guangkuo, GE Yingchun, SHU Lele, WANG Jianhua, XU Zhen, GUANG Jie, LI Li, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, TAO Xin, YAN Binyan, YAO Yanjuan, CHENG Zhanhui, YANG Tianfu
The dataset include the planting structure and area information of major crops in 11 districts and counties of the Heihe River Basin from 2000 to 2012 (grain, wheat, corn, potato, soybean, cotton, oil, vegetables, etc.)
DENG XiangZheng
The data set include crop leaf stomatal conductance observed at four sample regions, that is the soil moisture control experimental field at Daman county, and the super station, and Shiqiao sample plots at Wuxing village in Zhangye city. 1) Objective Crop leaf stomatal conductance, a key biophysical parameter, was observed as model parameter or a priori knowledge for crop growth model, or evapotranspiration estimation. 2) Measuring instruments Leaf porometer. 3) Measuring site a. the soil moisture control experimental field at Daman county, Twelve soil water treatments are set. The crop leaf stomatal conductance for each treatment is measured on 17, 23 and 29 May, and 3, 9, 14 and 24 June, and 5 and 12 July. b. the Super Station The crop leaf stomatal conductance at the super station is measured on 22 and 28 May, 5, 11, 18, and 25 June, and 1, 8, 15, 22 and 31 July, 9, 15 and 22 August, and 3 and 11 September. c. the Shiqiao sample site The crop leaf stomatal conductance at the Shiqiao village is measured on 17, 22 and 28 May, 4, 11, 17 and 25 June, 1, 8, 15, 22, and 30 July, 8, 16 and 27 August, and 9 September. 4) Data processing The observational data was recorded in the sheets and reorganized in the EXCEL sheets. The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time.
Xu Fengying, Wang Jing, Huang Yongsheng, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
The main contents of this data set are forest, shrub and grassland sample plot survey data.The fixed samples are located in the drainage ditch valley of qilian mountain and the dayaokou valley where the hydrology observation and test site of the water source conservation forest research institute of gansu province is located. The information of the sample is as follows: Number elevation quadrat size longitude latitude surface type G1 2715 20 × 20 100 ° 17 '12 "38 ° 33' 29" qinghai spruce forest G2 2800 20×36 100°17 '07 "38°33' 27" moss spruce forest G3 2840 20×20 100°17 '37 "38°33' 05" moss spruce forest G4 2952 20 × 20 100 ° 17 '59 "38 ° 32' 47" qinghai spruce forest G5 3015 20 × 20 100 ° 18 '06 "38 ° 32' 42" qinghai spruce forest G6 3100 20 × 20 100 ° 18 '13 "38 ° 32' 31" thicket qinghai spruce forest G7 3300 23.5 × 20 thickets qinghai spruce forest G8 2800 20×20 100°13 '30 "38°33' 29" moss spruce forest B1 2700 12.8×25 moss spruce forest B2 2800 20×20 100°17 '38 "38°32' 59" moss spruce forest B3 2900 20×20 100°17 '59 "38°32' 51" grass spruce forest B4 3028 20×20 100°17 '59 "38°32' 39" moss spruce forest B5 3097 20×20 100°18 '02 "38°32' 32" moss spruce forest B6 3195 20 × 20 100 ° 18 '06 "38 ° 32' 25" qinghai spruce forest B7 2762 20 × 20 100 ° 17 '08 "38 ° 33' 21" qinghai spruce forest B8 2730 20×20 100°17 '06 "38°33' 27" moss spruce forest GM1 3690 5×5 100°18 '02 "38°32' 02" caragana scrub (middle) GM2 3690 5×5 100°18 '02 "38°32' 02" caragana scrub (rare) GM3 3700 5×5 100°18 '03 "38°32' 03" caragana + jilaliu shrub (dense) GM4 3600 5×5 100°18 '10 "38°32' 06" caragana + jila willow thicket (middle) GM5 3600 5×5 100°18 '10 "38°32' 06" caragana + jila willow shrub (sparse) GM6 3600 5×5 100°18 '10 "38°32' 06" caragana + jila willow thicket (dense) GM7 3500 5×5 100°18 '14 "38°32' 08" caragana + jila willow thicket (middle) GM8 3500 5×5 100°18 '14 "38°32' 08" caragana + jila willow thicket (dense) GM9 3500 5×5 100°18 '14 "38°32' 08" caragana + jila willow thicket (rare) GM10 3400 5×5 100°18 '18 "38°32' 12" golden pheasant scrub (rare) GM11 3400 5×5 100°18 '18 "38°32' 12" golden pheasant + golden raspberry shrub (dense) GM12 3400 5×5 100°18 '18 "38°32' 12" golden pheasant scrub (rare) GM13 3300 5 × 5 100 ° 18 '21 "38 ° 32' 21" giraliu thicket GM14 3300 5 × 5 100 ° 18 '21 "38 ° 32' 21" caragana + jila shrub GM15 3300 5 × 5 100 ° 18 '21 "38 ° 32' 21" caragana + jila shrub YC3 2700 1×1 100°17 '14 "38°33' 33" needle thatch field YC4 2750 1×1 100°17 '18 "38°33' 32" needle thatch field YC5 2800 1×1 100°17 '21 "38°33' 33" needle thatch field YC6 2850 1×1 100°17 '25 "38°33' 33" needle thatch field YC7 2900 1×1 100°17 '31 "38°33' 32" aster + needle thatch field YC8 2950 1×1 100°17 '44 "38°33' 23" needle thatch field YC9 2980 1×1 100°17 '48 "38°33' 25" needle thatch field The sample geodesic tree data were surveyed from July to August 2007.The survey included: 1. Basic survey of sample plots in drainage ditch basin: A) sample land setting: sample land number, elevation, slope direction, slope position, slope, soil layer thickness, sample land size, longitude and latitude, community type, soil type, operation status, age B) survey of each wood in the sample plots: sample plot number, tree number, tree species, tree classification, chest diameter, tree height, undershoot height, crown radius 2. Soil profile survey record sheet Including forest/vegetation status, major tree species, forest age, soil name, surface soil erosion, parent rock and material, drainage conditions, land use history, soil profile (soil layer, moisture, color, texture, structure, root system, gravel content) 3. Standard ground cover factor Standard land area, dominant tree species, stand/vegetation origin, elevation, slope direction, slope position, slope, cutting and utilization method, afforestation land preparation type, survey method, canopy coverage, living ground cover, dead cover cover, litter thickness (undivided strata, semi-decomposed layer, decomposed layer) 4. Canopy survey: 5. Draft quadrat (1m×1m) survey record sheet Including species name, number, coverage, average height 6. Results of determination of soil physical properties in source forest of qilian mountain (land sample survey) Contains the soil physical properties measurement process (+ wet mud weight aluminum box, aluminum box, soil moisture content, suddenly bulk density, etc.), bringing biomass measurement (total fresh weight of shrub and herb, fresh weight of sample, sample dry weight, etc.), litter dry weight (including mosses) layer and the largest capacity calculation process (of moss and litter thickness, total fresh weight, fresh weight of samples, the dry weight of the sample, soaking for 24 h after heavy, maximum water holding capacity, the largest water depth, the biggest hold water rate, maximum moisture capacity) 7. Bush sample survey: Including species name, number, coverage, average height 8. Standard sample land setting and questionnaire for each wooden inspection ruler Including tree species, tree classification, age, chest diameter, number of height, undershoot height, crown radius 9. Litter layer survey record sheet Including litter (decomposed layer, semi-decomposed layer, decomposed layer) thickness 10. Update survey records: Including tree species, natural regeneration (height <30cm, height 31-50cm, height >51cm), artificial regeneration (height <30cm, height 31-50cm, height >51cm) This data set can provide ground measured data for remote sensing inversion of forest structure parameters.
WANG Shunli, LUO Longfa, WANG Rongxin, CHE Zongxi, JING Wenmao
The dataset of photosynthesis was observed by LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System in the natural oasis eco-hydrology experimental area of the Heihe River Basin. Observation items included the main vegetation type in the lower reaches of Heihe river: Populus forest, which located in the Populus forest station and the mixed forest station of Ejinaqi. Observation periods lasted from 2014-07-24 to 2014-07-31. This dataset included the raw observation data of the Populus forest observed by LI-6400 during the observation periods. 1） Objectives of observation The photosynthetic datasets can be used in the study of plant physiological ecology characteristic and the simulation and validation for the eco-hydrological models. 2） Instrument and theory of the observation Measuring instrument: LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System. Measuring theory: Using the infrared gas analyzer to measure the change of CO2 concentration, and then measuring the differences of CO2 concentration between the sample chamber and the referenced chamber so as to acquire the net productivity of the leaf. 3） Time and site of observation Observation site in the Populus forest station. Observation time: 2014-07-24 Observation site in the mixed forest station. Observation time: From 2014-07-25 to 2014-07-31. 4） Data processing The raw data of LI-6400 were archived in text format and can be opened by text editor or excel, the preprocessed data were in Excel format. Every time period of observation was archived in a single document, named as “date + type”.
WANG Haibo
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with airborne Polarimetric L-band Multibeam Radiometer (PLMR) mission was obtained in upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin on 1 August, 2012. PLMR is a dual-polarization (H/V) airborne microwave radiometer with a frequency of 1.413 GHz, which can provide multi-angular observations with 6 beams at ±7º, ±21.5º and ±38.5º. The PLMR spatial resolution (beam spot size) is approximately 0.3 times the altitude, and the swath width is about twice the altitude. The measurements were conducted along two transects respectively located at the west and east branches of the Babaohe River and two sampling plots in the A’rou foci experimental area. Along the transects, soil moisture was sampled at every 50 m in the west-east direction. In order to keep the ground measurements following the airborne mission as synchronous as possible in temporal, measurements were made discontinuously. In the A’rou foci experimental area, two sampling plots were identified with areas of 1.5 km × 0.6 km and 0.85 km × 0.6 km. In each plot, soil moisture was sampled at every 50 m in the west-east direction and 100 m in the north-south direction. Steven Hydro probes were used to collect soil moisture and other measurements. Concurrently with soil moisture sampling, vegetation properties were measured at some typical sampling plots. Observation items included: Soil parameters: volumetric soil moisture (inherently converted from measured soil dielectric constant), soil temperature, soil dielectric constant, soil electric conductivity. Vegetation parameters: biomass, vegetation water content, canopy height. Data and data format: This dataset includes two parts of measurements, i.e. soil and vegetation parameters. The former is as shapefile, with measured items stored in its attribute table. The measured vegetation parameters are recorded in an Excel file.
LI Xin, MA Mingguo, WANG Shuguo
The evapotranspiration and soil evapotranspiration of lycium rubra and red sand of small shrubs in typical desert weather were observed by using infrared gas analyzer to measure water vapor flux. The measurement system consists of li-8100 closed-circuit automatic measurement of soil carbon flux (li-cor, USA) and an assimilation box designed and manufactured by Beijing ligotai technology co., LTD. Li-8100 is an instrument produced by li-cor for soil carbon flux measurement. It USES an infrared gas analyzer to measure the concentration of CO2 and H2O.The length, width and height of the assimilation box are all 50cm.The assimilation box is controlled by li-8100. After setting up the measurement parameters, the instrument can run automatically.
SU Peixi
According to the sample survey data, in August 2013, 30 forest plots were set up in the Tianlaochi watershed, with a plot size of 10 m×20 m. The long side of the plot was parallel to the slope of the hillside, including 26 blocks of Picea crassifolia forest. 2 blocks of Sabina Przewalsskii forest and 2 mixed forests of Picea and Sabina. In the plot, the diameter of the breast of each tree (the diameter of the trunk at a height of 1.3 m) is measured by a diameter tape, and the height of each tree and the height under the branches (the height of the first live branch at the lower end of the canopy) is measured by a hand-held ultrasonic altimeter. The north-south direction and the east-west crown width are measured with a tape measure, and the sample site is positioned by differential GPS. The parallel version of HASM-AD algorithm is used to simulate the classified LIDAR point cloud data. DEM is generated from ground points, DSM is generated from all points, and the height of surface features is obtained by differential operation between DSM and DEM. In forest area, it is called Canopy Height Model (CHM). A circular window with a given search radius is used to find the local maximum value on CHM. If the central pixel value is the maximum value, it is determined as the crown vertex. The pixel attribute value of the tree vertex is the tree height, and the spatial resolution is 1m.
YUE Tianxiang, WANG Yifu
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with Landsat TM was obtained in the A'rou foci experimental area from Jul. 10 to Jul. 12, 2008. The stellera and the whin coverage were mainly measured. Photos were taken in No. 2 quadrate of A'rou and an optional stellera land for coverage mesurement from Jul. 10 to 11, shooting straight downwards at the height of 1.5 m. The fisheye camera was Nikon D80 with a lens of Sigma 8mm F3.5 EX DG CIRCULAR FISHEYE. The vegetation height was measured on Jul. 12. One grid of 5m×5m was chosen in each of the eight quadrates (60m×60m or 120m×120m) and compartmentalized into 2.5m×2.5m, in which GPS positions by GARMIN GPS 76, species, the plant number and height were measured. Four files were included, the quadrates coordinates, stellera observations in No. 2 quadrate, the stellera quadrat investigation and TM quadrate investigation.
BAI Yanfen, Qian Jinbo, GAO Song, HAO Xiaohua, SHU Lele
Background: this data interchange is the first data interchange of the key project of "integrated study of eco-hydrological processes in heihe basin", "genomics research on drought tolerance mechanism of typical desert plants in heihe basin".The main research targets of the key projects is a typical sand desert plants are Holly, using the current international advanced a new generation of gene sequencing technology to the whole genome sequence and gene transcription of Holly group sequence decoding, so as to explore related to drought resistance gene and gene groups, and transgenic technology in model to verify their drought resistance in plants. Process and content: as genome sequencing requires special sequencing equipment, the project is huge and the process is complex (mainly including genome library construction, sequencing, data analysis and genome assembly), so it needs to be completed by a professional sequencing company.After contacting with sequencing companies, we learned that before sequencing an unknown genome, the size and complexity of the genome should be predicted, which is a necessary prerequisite for designing sequencing schemes and strategies.Therefore, in 2013, we mainly predicted the chromosome composition, genome size and complexity of sand Holly, and successfully established the extraction and purification method of its genomic DNA.The results showed that the plant was diploid, the genome was composed of 9 staining lines (18 lines of diploid), and the genome size was 1.07G.The quality test results of the genomic DNA indicated that the requirements of the obtained DNA complex sequencing have been sent to the sequencing company for library construction and sequencing, which is now in progress.In addition, in order to obtain a large number of uniform plant materials, we have discussed the induction of callus, which has been successful.Due to these reasons, we were unable to complete the genome sequencing and submit the relevant data of sand Holly in accordance with the original plan of the project this year, mainly because we did not count the predicted contents of the genome before. Data usage: the data obtained in this year on ploidy, karyotype composition and genome size of lycopodium SPP.The success of the callus induction provides a high-quality material guarantee for the subsequent transcriptome sequencing and drought-resistance mechanism research experiments, and it is also a new contribution to the cytological and physiological research of the plant.
HE Junxian, GU Lifei
A small lysimeter was made by ourselves, which simulated the natural conditions and selected typical desert plants as the object to study the water consumption and its law. Repeat 3 times for each plant. In 2011, the experiment of physiological water demand and water consumption of desert plants was carried out with the soil water content kept at (50 ± 10)% of the field water capacity; in 2012, the experiment of physiological water demand and water consumption was carried out with the soil water content kept at (20 ± 5)% of the field water capacity under stress.
SU Peixi
All data in this data set are original data, including meteorological and soil moisture content, stem sap flow, water potential of plant tissue, isotope characteristics of atmospheric and humidified water vapor, fluorescence tracer image, plant photosynthetic fluorescence, and basic data of five desert plants, Tamarix chinensis, Haloxylon ammodendron, Bawang, Nitraria tangutorum and red sand, which are related to field and indoor control experiments Because of the data of expression regulation. 1. Isotopic data of Tamarix chinensis. After humidifying for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours, the tissue samples of indoor and outdoor plants of plexiglass were collected at the same time. The samples were put forward and processed by low-temperature vacuum distillation glass water extraction system, and then used euro The isotopic data were measured by ea3000 element analyzer and isoprime gas stability mass spectrometer. Tamarix Tamarix samples were collected from Sitan village, Jingtai County, including humidification and control samples. The variation data of isotopic composition can be used to determine the way and amount of water vapor absorbed by plant leaves. 2. Fluorescence section photo data: all the data in this data set are original data, including the structural photos under high-power microscope of Tamarix, Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria, Bawang, Hongsha and other desert plant leaves in Sitan village of Jingtai County and Ejin Banner. The specific method is as follows: apply fluorescent dye to the surface of desert plant leaves before humidification, collect plant leaves and stems after humidification for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours, put them in liquid nitrogen, take them back to the laboratory, observe and take photos with fluorescence microscope. It can be used to analyze the tissue and organs of water absorption by desert plant leaves and the direction and path of water migration in plants. 3: Gene transcription and expression data: transcription and expression data of Tamarix chinensis, data collection time: May 25, 2014, location: Sitan village, Jingtai County, Gansu Province, data analysis platform: lllumina hisep TM 2000 platform, obtained by transcriptome analysis of baimaike company. 4. Photosynthetic and fluorescence data: photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters measured by photosynthetic apparatus in the field (Sitan village and Ejin Banner, Jingtai County). 5. Sap flow and environmental data: all data are original data. Sap flow data of desert plants measured by stem flow meter, including Tamarix chinensis, Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria tangutorum, red sand and other desert plants (Sitan village, Jingtai County and Ejin Banner), and environmental data monitored by automatic weather station, including temperature and humidity.
XIAO Honglang
In the middle of August 2013, photosynthesis of population was measured, and plant species: red sand. The group photosynthesis measurement system consists of li-8100 closed-circuit soil carbon flux automatic measurement system (li-cor, USA) and assimilation box designed and manufactured by Beijing ligotai science and Technology Co., Ltd. li-8100 is an instrument produced by li-cor company of USA for soil carbon flux measurement. The concentration of CO2 and H2O is measured by infrared gas analyzer. The length, width and height of assimilation boxes were all 50 cm. The assimilator is controlled by li-8100. After the measurement parameters are set, the instrument can run automatically.
SU Peixi
This data includes experimental data of grassland interception control and observation data of maximum water holding capacity of grassland. The maximum water holding capacity experiment was carried out in 2011. The main vegetation types selected are Carex, Polygonum viviparum, Plantago asiatica and Potentilla chinensis. The maximum water holding capacity experiment was carried out on each type of samples and the samples were photographed. The specific data obtained are shown in the document. The grassland canopy interception was carried out in the growing season of 2012, and was completed by artificial rainfall control experiment. At the end of the growing season, the main types of grassland in the basin were sampled according to grazing and grazing ban. During artificial rainfall, rainfall and penetrating rainfall are recorded every 1min. Finally, the grassland canopy interception is calculated by the difference between rainfall and penetrating rainfall.
ZHAO Chuanyan, MA Wenying
The leaf epidermis micromorphological structure of the constructive species in the arid area of the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River Basin. The plant material number is consistent with the number in the sampling table. Refer to the sampling table number to determine the material and its distribution position.
LIU Yubing
The algorithm firstly adopts the canopy BRDF model and represents the canopy reflectivity as a function of a series of parameters such as LAI/FAPAR, wavelength, reflectivity of soil and leaves, aggregation index, incidence and observation Angle.The parameter table is established for several key parameters as the input of inversion.Then input the pre-processed surface reflectance data and land cover data, and invert LAI products by look-up table (LUT) method.See references for detailed algorithms. Image format: tif Image size: about 1M per scene Time range: 2000-2012 Temporal resolution: 8 days Spatial resolution: 1km
FAN Wenjie
This dataset is the Fractional Vegetation Cover observation in the artificial oasis experimental region of the middle stream of the Heihe River Basin. The observations lasted for a vegetation growth cycle from May 2012 to September 2012 (UTC+8). Instruments and measurement method: Digital photography measurement is implemented to measure the FVC. Plot positions, photographic method and data processing method are dedicatedly designed. Details are described in the following: 0. In field measurements, a long stick with the camera mounted on one end is beneficial to conveniently measure various species of vegetation, enabling a larger area to be photographed with a smaller field of view. The stick can be used to change the camera height; a fixed-focus camera can be placed at the end of the instrument platform at the front end of the support bar, and the camera can be operated by remote control. 1. For row crop like corn, the plot is set to be 10×10 m2, and for the orchard, plot scale is 30×30 m2. Shoot 9 times along two perpendicularly crossed rectangular-belt transects. The picture generated of each time is used to calculate a FVC value. “True FVC” of the plot is then acquired as the average of these 9 FVC values. 2. The photographic method used depends on the species of vegetation and planting pattern: Low crops (<2 m) in rows in a situation with a small field of view (<30 ), rows of more than two cycles should be included in the field of view, and the side length of the image should be parallel to the row. If there are no more than two complete cycles, then information regarding row spacing and plant spacing are required. The FVC of the entire cycle, that is, the FVC of the quadrat, can be obtained from the number of rows included in the field of view. 3. High vegetation in rows (>2 m) Through the top-down photography of the low vegetation underneath the crown and the bottom-up photography beneath the tree crown, the FVC within the crown projection area can be obtained by weighting the FVC obtained from the two images. Next, the low vegetation between the trees is photographed, and the FVC that does not lie within the crown projection area is calculated. Finally, the average area of the tree crown is obtained using the tree crown projection method. The ratio of the crown projection area to the area outside the projection is calculated based on row spacing, and the FVC of the quadrat is obtained by weighting. 4. FVC extraction from the classification of digital images. Many methods are available to extract the FVC from digital images, and the degree of automation and the precision of identification are important factors that affect the efficiency of field measurements. This method, which is proposed by the authors, has the advantages of a simple algorithm, a high degree of automation and high precision, as well as ease of operation.
MU Xihan, HUANG Shuai, MA Mingguo
This data includes the fAPAR and Lai data collected in 2011. The acquisition equipment is SunScan and LAI-2000. Among them, fAPAR measures 4 times of spread value. The sampling points are located in Zhangye agricultural demonstration base on July 30, 2011, next to national highway 312 in Ejina banner on August 4, sandaoqiao in Ejina banner on August 5 and Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on August 6, 2011. Around Zhangye from July 4 to July 15, 2012.
FAN Wenjie
The dataset of object spectral was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area from May 25 to Jul. 11, 2008. The measurement instrument is ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU and the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter). The selected typical objects included maize field, soil, soil with known moisture and desert scrub. The measured quadrates included Wulidun farmland quadrates (May 28 and 30, Jun. 16 and 29 and Jul. 11), the desert transit zone strips (May 28 and 30 and Jun. 16) and Linze station quadrates (May 23 and Jul. 9) Besides, soil samples were collected inside Linze station quadrates on Jun. 24 and 30, 2008. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance and transmittivity were archived as text files (.txt). See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
LI Jing, Li Xiangyun, Qu Yonghua, SUN Qingsong, XIAO Zhiqiang, YU Yingjie, LIU Sihan, BAI Yanfen, WANG Yang, CHEN Shaohui, JIANG Hao, LI Shihua
Observation time: 2008-06-05 ~ 2008-06-15.A sample strip with a length of 1Km and a width of 20m was set up to cross the super sample plot from the starting point of the super sample plot at the geantan forest station in ohnoguchi.The compass was used to determine the direction of the sample, and the azimuth was 115 degrees north by east, which was basically consistent with the flight route.20 meters ×20 meters of sample land shall be arranged every 50 meters in the sample belt, a total of 20 pieces of sample land.There is some overlap between the sample belt and the super sample land. The center of the no.1 sample land of the sample belt is located at the center of the super sample land. The observation data is shown in the measurement data set per wood of the super sample land.This data set records the observation data of sample 2 ~ 20.These data include the following three parts: 1) tree data of sample plots: each wood of 2 ~ 20 plots was measured: chest diameter, tree height, crown width and undershoot height.Laser altimeter and ultrasonic altimeter were used to measure the height of big trees and under branches, flower rod was used to measure the height of small trees and under branches, chest diameter was used to measure the chest diameter of trees, and crown width was measured with a leather tape measure. 2) sample location data: the sample location is roughly determined by using a tape measure and compass. The coordinates of the center point of the sample are accurately measured using the French THALES DGPS measurement system (model z-max).The observation method is to use two GPS receivers to conduct synchronous static measurement, one in the reference station and the other in the mobile station. The observation lasts 30 minutes. The data processing software provided by the system is used for post-processing difference. 3) LAI observation data: LAI area index (LAI) of each sample plot was measured by lai-2000 and HemiView.
CHEN Erxue, GUO Zhifeng, LIU Qingwang, WANG Bengyu, TIAN Xin, WANG Xinyun, FU Anmin, ZHANG Zhiyu, NI Wenjian, WANG Qiang, CAO Bin, Yang Yongtian, Zhihai Gao, Bingxiang Tan, WANG Dianzhong, ZHANG Yang, ZHAO Liqiong, LIANG Dashuang
This data set is the surface evapotranspiration data of Four Typical Shrub Communities in hulugou watershed. The observation period is from July 16 to August 23, 2013, which is the daily scale data. The data content includes precipitation data, evaporation and infiltration data observed by lysimeter. The data set can be used to analyze the evapotranspiration data of alpine shrub and forest. Data quality information: data quality is high, daily evapotranspiration data observation is complete. Data source description: a small lysimeter with an inner diameter of 25 cm and a depth of 30 cm was selected for evapotranspiration under the canopy. Two lysimeters were set up in each sample plot of evapotranspiration under the Bush, and one lysimeter was set up for each kind of Bush in the transplanting experiment. The undisturbed undisturbed soil column with the same height as the barrel shall be placed in the inner barrel during the layout, and the outer barrel shall be buried in the soil. During the embedding, the outer barrel shall be 0.5-1.0 cm higher than the ground, and the outer edge of the inner barrel shall be designed with a 2.0 cm wide rain shield to prevent the surface runoff from entering the lysimeter. Lysimeter was set up in the nearby meteorological station to measure the evapotranspiration of grassland, and a small evapotranspiration meter with an inner diameter of 25 cm and a depth of 30 cm was set up in the Picea koraiensis forest sample plot to measure the evaporation under the forest. All lysimeters shall be weighed on time at 20:00 every day (electronic balance sensing capacity is 1.0 g, which is equivalent to 0.013 mm evaporation). During observation, windproof treatment shall be done to ensure the accuracy of measurement. Data processing method: evapotranspiration is mainly calculated by mass conservation in lysimeter method. According to lysimeter design principle, evapotranspiration is mainly determined by mass difference in two consecutive days. Because it is weighed every day, it is calculated by water balance.
SONG Yaoxuan, LIU Zhangwen
The data set include crop biomass observed at four sample regions, that is the soil moisture control experimental field at Daman county, and the EC plots, the super station, and Shiqiao sample plots at Wuxing village in Zhangye city. 1) Objective Crop biomass, a key biophysical parameter, was observed for calibration and validation of crop growth model and the retrieval of other biophysical parameters as well as the application in eco-hydrological models. 2) Measurement instrument: Electronic balance (±0.1g) and oven. 3) Measurement site a. the soil moisture control experimental field at Daman county, Twelve soil water treatments are set. The wheat biomass for each treatment is measured on 17, 23 and 29 May, and 3, 9, 14 and 24 June, and 5 and 12 July. b. the EC site Maize biomass at 14 EC site (EC-2,EC-3,EC-5,EC-6,EC-7,EC-8,EC-9, EC-10, EC-11, EC-12, EC-13, EC-14, EC-15, EC-16) are measured on 14, 21, 25 and 31 May, 7, 13, 23 and 28 June, 3, 13, 18 and 23 July, 3, 12 and 28 August. c. the super station Maize biomass at the super station is measured on 22 and 28 May, 5, 11, 18, and 25 June, and 1, 8, 15, 22 and 31 July, 9, 15 and 22 August, and 3 and 11 September. d. the Shiqiao sample site Maize biomass at the Shiqiao village is measured on 17, 22 and 28 May, 4, 11, 17 and 25 June, 1, 8, 15, 22, and 30 July, 8, 16 and 27 August, and 9 September. 4) Data processing The observational data was recorded in the sheets and reorganized in the EXCEL sheets.
Xu Fengying, Wang Jing, Ma Chunfeng, Huang Yongsheng, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
The dataset contains phenological camera observation data collected at the Arou Superstation in the midstream of the Heihe integrated observatory network from June 13 to November 16, 2018. The instrument was developed with data processed by Beijing Normal University. The phenomenon camera integrates data acquisition and data transmission functions. The camera captures high-quality data with a resolution of 1280×720 by looking-downward. The calculation of the greenness index and phenology are following 3 steps: (1) calculate the relative greenness index (GCC, Green Chromatic Coordinate, calculated by GCC=G/(R+G+B)) according to the region of interest, (2) perform gap-filling for the invalid values, filtering and smoothing, and (3) determine the key phenological parameters according to the growth curve fitting (such as the growth season start date, Peak, growth season end, etc.) There are also 3 steps for coverage data processing: (1) select images with less intense illumination, (2) divide the image into vegetation and soil, and (3) calculate the proportion of vegetation pixels in each image in the calculation area. After the time series data is extracted, the original coverage data is smoothed and filtered according to the time window specified by the user, and the filtered result is the final time series coverage. This data set includes relative greenness index (Gcc). Please refer to Liu et al. (2018) for sites information in the Citation section.
Qu Yonghua, XU Ziwei, LI Xin
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with EO-1 Hyperion was obtained in the Yingke oasis foci experimental area from Sep. 5 to Sep. 10, 2007 during the pre-observation period. It was carried out by the 3rd and 2nd sub-projects of CAS’s West Action Plan along Zhangye city-Yingke oasis-Huazhaizi, and on the very day of 10, one scene of Hyperion was captured. sampling plot time north latitude east longitude elevation notes 1 9:58 38°53′53.2″ 100°26′09.7″ 1500 cauliflower land east to the road 2 10:51 38°52′39.8″ 100°25′33.1″ 1510 cabbage land east to the road 3 11:35 38°52′39.0″ 100°25′34.6″ 1510 east to No. 2 sampling plot, maize and intercropping wheat reaped 4 12:24 38°51′53.0″ 100°25′08.0″ 1510 maize seed 5 13:08 38°51′54.2″ 100°25′09.5″ 1520 north to No. 4 sampling plot, maize and intercropping wheat reaped 6 14:40 38°51′23.5″ 100°24′45.0″ 1510 west to the road, maize seed, serious blights (red spider) 7 15:40 38°49′26.6″ 100°23′23.7″ 1540 intercrop land of sea buckthorn and beet 8 16:18 38°49′06.9″ 100°23′30.5″ 1540 tomato land, rich of amaranth weeds 9 16:18 38°49′06.4″ 100°23′30.8″ 1540 beet land 10 16:18 38°49′06.9″ 100°23′30.5″ 1540 tomato land with less weeds 11 10:30 38°48′28.3″ 100°24′11.4″ 1540 sea buckthorn seedling land west to the road 12 11:24 38°48′09.3″ 100°24′10.1″ 1550 sun flower land east to the road, intercropping wheat reaped 13 12:38 38°46′16.3″ 100°23′14.2″ 1600 dry rice land 14 12:45 38°46′16.2″ 100°23′14.0″ 1600 rape land 15 12:54 38°46′15.6″ 100°23′13.8″ 1600 buckwheat land 16 14:52 38°45′55.5″ 100°23′00.1″ 1610 maize (without intercrop) 17 15:28 38°45′57.5″ 100°22′28.3″ 1630 maize (without intercrop) 18 16:20 38°43′17.3″ 100°22′53.4″ 1730 gobi (Bassia dasyphylla and margarite dominate) 19 17:40 38°42′31.8″ 100°22′56.8″ 1780 gobi (Bassia dasyphylla and Sympegma regelii dominate) 20 10:27 38°36′25.1″ 100°20′33.2″ 2260 wheatgrass dominates 21 11:10 38°36′24.4″ 100°20′38.1″ 2260 abandoned composite land 22 11:30 2260 near site 22, wheatgrass and composite cenosis 23 bare land 24 13:09 38°38′46.3″ 100°23′08.5″ 2030 alfalfa land 25 14:39 38°44′30.8″ 100°22′41.0″ 1660 poplar 26 9:47 38°58′11.4″ 100°26′18.3″ 1460 rice land Observation items included: (1) quadrat surveys (2) LAI by LAI-2000 (3) ground object reflectance spectra by ASD FieldSpec Pro (350-2500nm)from Gansu Meteorological Administration (4) the land surface temperature and the canopy radiative temperature by the hand-held thermal infrared sensor (5) the photosynthesis rate by LI-6400 (6) the radiative temperature by ThermaCAM SC2000 (7) Atmospheric parameters by CE318 to retrieve the total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, and various parameters at 550nm to obtain horizontal visibility with the help of MODTRAN or 6S codes (8) chlorophyll consistency by portable SPAD Those provide reliable ground data for developing and validating retrieval meathods of biophysical parameters from EO-1 Hyperion images.
MA Mingguo, LI Xin, SU Peixi, DING Songchuang, GAO Song, YAN Qiaodi, ZHANG Lingmei, WANG Xufeng, Qian Jinbo, BAI Yunjie, HAO Xiaohua, Liu Qiang, Wen Jianguang, XIN Xiaozhou, WANG Xiaoping, HAN Hui
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with Envisat ASAR was obtained in No. 1, 2 and 3 quadrates of the A'rou foci experimental area on Jul. 5 and Jul. 6, 2008. The Envisat ASAR data were in AP mode and VV/VH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 11:14 BJT. The quadrates were divided into 4×4 subsites, with each one spanning a 30×30 m2 plot. Observation items included: (1) the quadrate investigation in No. 2 and 3 quadrates: GPS by GARMIN GPS 76, plant species by manual cognition, the plant number by manual work, the height by the measuring tape repeated 4-5 times, phenology by manual work, the coverage by manual work (compartmentalizing 0.5m×0.5m into 100 to see the percentage the stellera takes) and the chlorophyll content by SPAD 502. (2) spectrum of stellera and pasture by ASD FieldSpec (350～2 500 nm), with 20% reference board. The preprocessed canopy spectrum was archived. (3) BRDF by ASD FieldSpec (350～2 500 nm), with 20% reference board. The processed reflectance and transmittivity were archived as .txt files. (4) photosynthesis of stellera and pasture by LI-6400. The data were archived in Excel format. (5) soil moisture by WET soil moisture tachometer. Acquisition time, soil moisture (%vol), Ecp (ms/m), Tmp Eb and Ecb (ms/m) of 25 corner points were archived. (6) the soil temperature by the handheld infrared thermometer. Acquisition time, the soil temperature measured three times and the land cover types were archived. The data included the canopy reflectance on Jul. 5 and 6, photosynthesis on Jul. 5 and 6, BRDF on Jul. 5, photos on Jul. 5, the infrared land surface temperature and soil moisture by WET on Jul. 5, biomass on Jul. 5 and the surface temperature along No. 3 flight on Jul. 6.
DING Songchuang, GE Yingchun, LI Hongyi, MA Mingguo, Qian Jinbo, WANG Yang, YU Yingjie, LIU Sihan
Vegetation functional type (PFT) is the combination of large plant species according to the ecosystem function of plant species and the way of resource utilization. Each plant functional type shares similar plant properties, which simplifies the diversity of plant species to the diversity of plant function and structure.Vegetation functional types have been used in the dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) to predict changes in ecosystem structure and function under global change scenarios.The 1km vegetation functional pattern map of heihe basin is based on the 1km land cover map of heihe basin (MICLCover subset of heihe basin), and is divided by using the vegetation functional climate rules proposed by Bonan et al. (2002).The climate data utilize the 0.1 degree atmospheric drive data of he jie and Yang kun, developing China region from 1981 to 2008.This map can be used in the land surface process model of heihe river basin.
RAN Youhua
The dataset of the discrimination of C3/C4 species was obtained by the handheld GPS and the digital camera in the Linze station foci experimental area on Jul. 10, 2008. Data fields included Gps, Longitude, Latitude, Photo_num and Describe (descriptions on C3/C4 vegetation and photos).
CHENG Zhanhui, Liu Liangyun
The data is the digitization of the Heihe River basin part of the 1:1 million Vegetation Atlas of China, 1:1000, 000 Vegetation Atlas of China is edited by academician Hou Xueyu, a famous vegetation ecologist (Hou Xueyu, 2001). It is jointly compiled by more than 250 experts from 53 units such as research institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences, relevant ministries and commissions, relevant departments of various provinces and regions, colleges and universities. It is another summative achievement of vegetation ecologists in China over 40 years after the publication of monographs such as vegetation of China Basic map of natural resources and natural conditions of the family. It is based on the rich first-hand information accumulated by vegetation surveys carried out throughout the country over the past half century, and the materials obtained by modern technologies such as aerial remote sensing and satellite images, as well as the latest research achievements in geology, soil science and climatology. It reflects in detail the distribution of vegetation units of 11 vegetation type groups, 796 formations and sub formations of 54 vegetation types, horizontal and vertical zonal distribution laws, and also reflects the actual distribution of more than 2000 dominant species of plants, major crops and cash crops in China, as well as the close relationship between dominant species and soil and ground geology. The atlas is a kind of realistic vegetation map, reflecting the recent quality of vegetation in China.
HOU Xueyu
This dataset is the LAI observation in the artificial oasis experimental region of the middle stream of the Heihe River Basin. The observation period is from 24 May to 20 September 2012 (UTC+8). Measurement instruments: LAI-2000 (Beijing Normal University) Measurement positions: Core Experimental Area of Flux Observation Matrix 18 corn samples, 1 orchard sample, 1 artificial white poplar sample Measurement methods: To measure the incoming sky radiation on the canopy firstly. Then the transmission sky radiation are mearued under the canopy for serveral times. The canopy LAI is retrieved by using the gap probability model.
Li Yun, Wang Yan, MA Mingguo
Lysimeter is the most effective tool for measuring water consumption per plant, which can provide daily, monthly and seasonal changes of transpiration water consumption per plant. In this project, a lysimeter measurement system for Populus euphratica seedlings is established in the lower reaches of Heihe River, with the observation frequency of 0.5h, mainly including water content changes, infiltration, evapotranspiration, etc.
SI Jianhua
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with Envisat ASAR was obtained in the Linze grassland foci experimental area on Jul. 11, 2008. The data were in AP mode and VV/VH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 11:26 BJT. Observations were carried out in the reed plot A, the saline plots B and C, the alfalfa plot D and the barley plot E, which were divided into 6×6 subsites, with each one spanning a 120×120 m2 plot. Soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by using the cutting ring, the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer, and the canopy temperature and the land surface temperature by the hand-held infrared thermometer were measured in A, B and C; the soil temperature, soil moisture, the loss tangent, soil conductivity, the real part and the imaginary part of soil complex permittivity by the POGO soil sensor, the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer, the canopy temperature and the land surface temperature by the hand-held infrared thermometer in D and E. Data were archived in Excel file. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
CAO Yongpan, CHAO Zhenhua, GE Chunmei, HU Xiaoli, HUANG Chunlin, LIU Chao, WU Yueru, SHEN Xinyi
The data set is the physiological and ecological parameters of the dominant species of each ecosystem in Heihe River Basin. According to the requirements of tesim model, the data set divides Heihe River basin into seven ecosystems: deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem (BRD), evergreen coniferous forest ecosystem (CNF), agricultural field ecosystem (CRP), desert ecosystem (DST), meadow grassland ecosystem (MDS) Shrubbery ecosystem (SHB) and grassland ecosystem (STP). Some of the data in this data set are based on the measured data, some are obtained by reference documents, but after verification, they are applied to the Heihe River Basin. For the data in this data, each parameter of each ecosystem has three values, which are the value in the model, the minimum value and the maximum value of this parameter. The data can provide input parameters for the ecological process model, and the data set is still in further optimization.
PENG Hongchun
The dataset of chlorophyll content observations was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Linze grassland foci experimental areas. Observation items included: (1) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with TM in Yingke oasis No. 1, 4 and 5 maize plots on May 20, 2008. (2) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with ASTER and MODIS in Linze grassland foci experimental areas on May 24, 2008. (3) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with ASTER and MODIS in Yingke oasis maize field on May 28, 2008. (4) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner) in Yingke oasis maize field on May 30, 2008. (5) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with OMIS-II in Yingke oasis maize field on Jun. 16, 2008. (6) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner) in Yingke oasis maize field on Jun. 29, 2008. (7) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner) and TM in Yingke oasis maize field on Jul. 7, 2008. (8) Chlorophyll content synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner) in Yingke oasis maize field on Jul. 11, 2008.
LI Li, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Mengwei
The data set mainly includes observation data of each tree in the super site, and the observation time is from June 2, 2008 to June 10, 2008. The super site is set around the Dayekou Guantan Forest Station. Since the size of the super site is 100m×100m, in order to facilitate the forest structure parameter survey, the super site is divided into 16 sub-sample sites, and tally forest measurement is performed in units of sub-samples. The tally forest measurement factors include: diameter, tree height, height under branch, crown width in transversal slope direction, crown width in up and down slope direction, and tindividual tree growth status. The measuring instruments are mainly: tape, diameter scale, laser altimeter, ultrasonic altimeter, range pole and compass. The data set also records the center point latitude and longitude coordinates of 16 sub-samples (measured by Z-MAX DGPS). The data set can be used for verification of remote sensing forest structure parameter extraction algorithm. The data set, together with other observation data of the super site, can be used for reconstruction of forest 3D scenes, establishment of active and passive remote sensing mechanism models, and simulation of remote sensing images,etc.
CHEN Erxue, BAI Lina, WANG Bengyu, TIAN Xin, LIU Qingwang, CAO Bin, Yang Yongtian, Zhihai Gao, Bingxiang Tan, GUO Zhifeng, WANG Xinyun, FU Anmin, ZHANG Zhiyu, NI Wenjian, WANG Qiang, BAO Yunfei, WANG Dianzhong, ZHANG Yang, ZHAO Liqiong, LIANG Dashuang, WANG Shunli, ZHAO Ming, LEI Jun, NIU Yun, LUO Longfa
It is of great significance to carry out the quantitative study on the evapotranspiration of forest vegetation in Qilian Mountain, to correctly understand the hydrological function of the forest ecosystem in Qilian Mountain, to understand the water cycle process and to develop the hydrological model of the watershed, and to make a reasonable forest management plan. Forest evapotranspiration is mainly composed of soil surface evaporation, vegetation transpiration and canopy interception water evaporation. Traditional evapotranspiration research methods can be divided into two categories: actual measurement and estimation. The actual measurement methods include hydrology method, micro meteorology method and plant physiology method; the estimation method is to calculate Evapotranspiration by model, mainly including analysis model and empirical model. However, none of these methods can effectively distinguish forest transpiration from evaporation. The trunk liquid flow method can effectively calculate the transpiration of forest land by measuring the transpiration water consumption of trees. The trunk liquid flow method can effectively calculate the transpiration of forest land by measuring the transpiration water consumption of trees. The transpiration water consumption of Picea crassifolia forest was measured by thermal pulse technique, and the scale was extended to the stand scale to indicate the transpiration water consumption of Picea crassifolia forest.
CHANG Xuexiang
Correlation data of vegetation functional traits with topographic factors and pastoral animal husbandry activity factors, including: 1) observation data of main functional traits of 2-3 kinds of grassland plants in elevation, slope and slope upward; 2) correlation analysis data of vegetation functional traits and topographic factors; 3) correlation analysis data between vegetation functional traits and livestock activity intensity factors.
ZHAO Chengzhang
In the middle of July and August 2012, mass photosynthesis was determined and the plant species was caragana korshinskii. The mass photosynthesis measurement system is composed of li-8100 closed-circuit automatic soil carbon flux measurement system (li-cor, USA) and an assimilation box designed and manufactured by Beijing liaotai technology co., LTD. Li-8100 is an instrument for soil carbon flux measurement produced by li-cor, USA, which USES an infrared gas analyzer to measure CO2 and H2O concentrations.The length, width and height of the assimilation box are all 50cm.The assimilation box is controlled by li-8100, and the instrument can operate automatically after the measurement parameters are set. The photosynthetic rate of population was calculated according to the following formula: CAP (Canopy growth Rate) is the Photosynthetic Rate of the population (mol CO2•m -- 2•s -- 1).A is the total leaf area (m2) of the plant canopy;VA is the total volume (m3) of the population photosynthesis measurement system, which is the product of the height of the assimilation box from the ground (the distance between the upper edge and the inner ground after the special base is placed), the soil area (0.25 m2) and the sum of the volume of the assimilation box (0.125 m3).Is the change rate of CO2 measured by assimilation chamber (mol CO2•mol -- 1•s -- 1) in the process of population photosynthesis measurement;Is the CO2 change rate (mol CO2•mol -- 1•s -- 1) measured in a 20 cm measuring chamber during the soil respiration measurement process;P is atmospheric pressure (Pa), T is the air temperature in the assimilation chamber (℃), and R is the gas constant (8.314 Pa•m3•mol-1• k-1).N is the conversion coefficient, which means the change rate of CO2 caused by soil respiration in the soil area (SA) covered by the assimilation box and in the total volume (VA) of the population photosynthesis measurement system is converted from the measurement in the 20cm measurement chamber, and calculated according to the following formula: SA is assimilation box cover soil area, 0.25 m2, SC is 20 cm soil area of the measuring chamber cover (0.03 m2), VC is plant roots and soil respiration measurement system of the total volume (m3), to 20 cm measurement chamber high from the ground (after ring on measuring the soil in place along with the internal distance) on the ground and soil area is the product of the (SC) and 20 cm measurement chamber volume (4.82 x 10-3 m3) combined.
SU Peixi
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with PROBA CHRIS was obtained in the Biandukou foci experimental area on Jun. 22, 2008. Observation items included: (1) quadrates investigation including GPS by GARMIN GPS 76, species by manual cognition, the plant number by manual work, the height by the measuring tape repeated 4-5 times, the chlorophyll content by SPAD 502, the coverage by manual work and the biomass (samples from 0.5m×0.5m) by wet weight and dry weight. Data were archived as Excel files. (2) LAI of maize, desert scrub and the poplar by the fisheye camera (CANON EOS40D with a lens of EF15/28), shooting straight downwards, with exceptions of higher plants, which were shot upwards. Data included original photos (.JPG) and those processed by can_eye5.0 (as Excel files). For more details, see Readme file. (3) ground object spectrum of grassland, barley and the rape by ASD FieldSpec (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, with 20% reference board. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance were in .txt. (4) BRDF of grassland, barley and the rape by ASD FieldSpec (350～2 500 nm), with 20% reference board. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), which were recorded daily in detail. The processed reflectance and transmittivity were archived in .txt files. The dataset includes processed spectrum data, soil moisture, BRDF, quadrates investigation, integrating spheres data on the rape, LAI, CHRIS data and the fisheye camera data.
DING Songchuang, HAO Xiaohua, YU Yingjie
The dataset contains phenological camera observation data collected at the Arou Superstation in the midstream of the Heihe integrated observatory network from June 13 to November 16, 2018. The instrument was developed with data processed by Beijing Normal University. The phenomenon camera integrates data acquisition and data transmission functions. The camera captures high-quality data with a resolution of 1280×720 by looking-downward. The calculation of the greenness index and phenology are following 3 steps: (1) calculate the relative greenness index (GCC, Green Chromatic Coordinate, calculated by GCC=G/(R+G+B)) according to the region of interest, (2) perform gap-filling for the invalid values, filtering and smoothing, and (3) determine the key phenological parameters according to the growth curve fitting (such as the growth season start date, Peak, growth season end, etc.) There are also 3 steps for coverage data processing: (1) select images with less intense illumination, (2) divide the image into vegetation and soil, and (3) calculate the proportion of vegetation pixels in each image in the calculation area. After the time series data is extracted, the original coverage data is smoothed and filtered according to the time window specified by the user, and the filtered result is the final time series coverage. This data set includes relative greenness index (Gcc). Please refer to Liu et al. (2018) for sites information in the Citation section.
Qu Yonghua, XU Ziwei, LI Xin
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on Jun. 1, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire CCD, MIR and TIR band data. The simultaneous ground data included: (1) The radiative temperature of maize, wheat and the bare land in Yingke oasis maize field and Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot by ThermaCAM SC2000 (1.2m above the ground, FOV = 24°×18°). The data included raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (archived in Excel format). (2) The radiative temperature by the automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 1.0; from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications), observing straight downwards at intervals of 1s in Yingke oasis maize field. Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format. (3) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) of maize and wheat by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in Excel format. (4) The reflectance spectra by ASD in Yingke oasis maize field (350-2500nm , from BNU, the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation), and Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot (350-2500nm , from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, the NE-SW diagonal observation at intervals of 30m). The data included raw data (in .doc format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (5) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format. (6) The radiative temperature by the handheld radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field (from BNU, the vertical canopy observation, the transect observation and the diagonal observation), Yingke oasis wheat field (only for the transect temperature), and Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot (the NE-SW diagonal observation). Besides, the maize radiative temperature and the physical temperature were also measured both by the handheld radiometer and the probe thermometer in the maize plot of 30m near the resort. The data included raw data (in .doc format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (7) Atmospheric parameters on the playroom roof at the resort by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The underlying surface was mainly composed of crops and the forest (1526m high). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (8) Narrow channel emissivity of the bare land and vegetation by the W-shaped determinator in Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot. Four circumstances should be considered for emissivity, with the lid plus the au-plating board, the au-plating board only, the lid only and without both. Data were archived in Word.
CHEN Ling, HE Tao, REN Huazhong, REN Zhixing, YAN Guangkuo, ZHANG Wuming, XU Zhen, LI Xin, GE Yingchun, SHU Lele, JIANG Xi, HUANG Chunlin, GUANG Jie, LI Li, LIU Sihan, WANG Ying, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, LIU Xiaocheng, TAO Xin, CHEN Shaohui, LIANG Wenguang, LI Xiaoyu, CHENG Zhanhui, Liu Liangyun, YANG Tianfu
The dataset combined with crop phrenology data and field management data which were investigated near the 13 eddy covariance (EC) stations. 1.1 Objective of investigation Objectives of investigation is to supply assistant information for experiment on EC, meteorology, and biophysics parameter. 1.2 Investigation spots and items Investigation spots include Jiu She of Shiqiao village (EC3), Xiaoman southern road (EC16), Wu She of Five stars village (EC13), Wu She of Xiaoman village (EC14), Er She of Shiqiao village (EC5), Liu She of Zhonghua village (EC11), Liu She of Shiqiao village (EC2), Wu She of JinCheng village (EC7), EC6, Liu She of Jincheng village (EC8), Yi She of Kangning village (EC9), Er She of Kangning village (EC10), and Si She of Jingcheng village (EC12). Investigation items comprise crop type, crop name, seed time, seed type, plant span, row span, field area, germination time, three leaves period, seven leaves period, farming way, farming time, irrigation time, irrigation water volume, fertilization time, fertilization type, and fertilization rate. The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time. 1.3 Data collection Data was collected by using ask-reply approach according to investigation tables.
GE Yingchun, Ma Chunfeng, LI Xin
The dataset of diurnal FPAR change observations was obtained by the quantum light meter (3415 series) in the Linze station foci experimental area. Each observation lasted from 9am to 5pm at intervals of 10 minutes, in the maize field and the sunflower field on Jun. 16, and in Wulidun farmland quadrates on Jul. 1, 2008. Located 15cm above the canopy, the quantum light meter was used to measure PARci and PARcr (at 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°); located 15cm above the ground, for PARgi and PARgr. And then PAR= (PARci- PARcr)- ( PARgi- PARgr); Fpar =PAR/ PARci. Data were archived as Excel files.
SONG Yi, BAI Yanfen, HAO Xiaohua, PAN Xiaoduo, SHU Lele, SONG Yi, WANG Yang, XU Zhen, ZHU Shijie
The dataset of spectral reflectance observations was obtained by ASD (Analytical Sepctral Devices) in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas. Reflectance was calculated based on the equation R = (DN1/DN0)×R0, DN1 indicating DN of the targets, R0 and DN0 the reflectance and DN of the grey board. The reflectance spectra of maize and wheat canopy, the component leaf of the maize and BRDF in Yingke oasis maize field, Yingke oasis wheat field, Huazhaizi desert maize field, the transect spectrum in Huazhaizi desert No. 1 and 2 plots and Linze and Biandukou foci experimental area were measured on May 20, 24, 25, 28 and 30, Jun. 1, 4, 9, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29 and 30, Jul. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 11, 2008. Four ASD devices were used, from Peking University (350-2500nm), Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (350-2500nm), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (350-1065nm) and BNU respectively. The reference boards were 40%, 50% and 99%. The above spectral reflectance dataset was synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner), OMIS-II and various spaceborne sensors. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format.
CHEN Ling, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, XIAO Yueting, YAN Guangkuo, ZHOU Hongmin, GE Yingchun, LI Xin, SHU Lele, GUANG Jie, LIU Sihan, SU Gaoli, XIA Chuanfu, Wen Jianguang, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, FAN Wenjie, TAO Xin, YAN Binyan, YAO Yanjuan, YANG Guijun, CHENG Zhanhui, Liu Liangyun, YANG Tianfu
On August 6, 2004, the institute of cold and drought, Chinese academy of sciences, organized a remote sensing experiment in the upper reaches of the heihe river basin, which obtained soil survey data of 14 sections, DEM of 1:500 scale in the drainage ditch basin, spectral data of typical features and synchronous ground observation data of dapingding TM and QuickBird satellite.It mainly includes: 1) spectral measurement data of typical ground objects The data mainly includes in continental river basin in linze county comprehensive research station near the station (hereinafter referred to as linze) of elaeagnus angustifolia, two poplars, tamarisk, bark, ephedra, sand, alfalfa, corn, cotton and salinization land spectra and dew ditch valley concept-people mei, grass, moss, alpine meadow grass, sword leaf thorns son, the spectra of soil and rock. 2) soil profile survey data Valley in line according to the altitude and vegetation types were set up 12 soil profile, and also in front of the row of dew ditch forest weather stations and linze weather station set up a soil profile 1, 14 were measured profile of soil moisture content, bulk density, adhering sand content and soil spectrum, dew ditch forest top weather stations and linze profile is measuring the thermal conductivity of soil and water parameters. 3) field measurement data of biophysical parameters of typical ground objects Standing near the corn, cotton, including linze small pine, alfalfa, and leaf area index measurement data of ephedra row dew in different heights with leaf photosynthesis, leaf area index data and vegetation features data (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, leaf transpiration rate, leaf temperature) and the corresponding environmental factor data (air temperature, air relative humidity and atmospheric CO2 concentration, air, water content, atmospheric pressure, solar total radiation, photosynthetic active radiation). 4) ground synchronization test of remote sensing by large flat-topped satellite The simultaneous observation experiment of TM and QuickBird satellite was carried out in a relatively flat grass area (big flat roof) beside the drainage ditch watershed.On July 27, 2004, spectra, above-ground biomass and leaf area were measured at intervals of 15 meters in a 150m×150m quadrangular at a large flat roof.
LI Xin, RAN Youhua, HUANG Chunlin, QI Yuan, LU Ling, LI Jing, JING Zhefang, PENG Hongchun, Li Haiying, WANG Shugong
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission and Landsat TM was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on Jul. 7, 2008. Observation items included: (1) the radiative temperature by the thermal camera (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications) of maize, wheat and the bare land of Yingke oasis maize field at a height of 1.2m above the ground. Optical photos of the scene were also taken. Raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001) was archived in IMG format, and blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived as Excel files. (2) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format. (3) Reflectance spectra in Yingke oasis maize field by ASD FieldSpec (350-1603nm) from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (CAS). The grey board and the black and white cloth were also used for calibration on the CCD camera. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (4) the component temperature by the handheld radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field and Huazhaizi desert maize field. For maize, the component temperature included the vertical canopy temperature, the bare land temperature and the plastic film temperature; for the wheat, it included the vertical canopy temperature, the half height temperature, the lower part temperature and the bare land temperature. The data included raw data (in Word format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (5) the radiative temperature by the handheld radiometer (emissivity = 1.0) in Yingke oasis maize field (for the canopy mean temperature), Huazhaizi desert maize field (for the transect temperature), Zhangye airport (the black and white cloth for calibration) and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (the diagonal radiative temperature and the radiative temperature of 30m*30m subplot). The component temperature was also measured. The data included raw data (in Word format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (as Excel files). (6) The air temperature (°C) , the soy bean leaf temperature (°C) and the maize leaf temperature (°C) by SPAD (from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (CAS)) in Yingke oasis maize field. Besides, spectrum, photosynthesis, fluorescence and chlorophyll were measured as well. (7) The leaf reflectance spectra ASD (serial number: 64831) and 50% grey board from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (CAS). The spectral DN was changed into radiance based on the 50% grey board calibration data and calibration lamp data, which could further be transformed into Excel format. Moreover, the solar radiance=the reference board radiance/the reference reflectance. (8) The leaf fluorescence by ImagingPam from Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. YII = (Fm'-F)/Fm' was applied for caculation, F indicating fluorescence before saturating flash light, Fm' the maximum fluorescence before saturating flash light, and YII the quantum yield of photosystem II. Data were archived in pim and could be read by ImagingPam, which can be downloaded from http://www.zealquest.com. (9) The leaf photosynthesis by LI-6400. (10) The radiative temperature by the automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 0.95), observing straight downwards at intervals of 1s in Yingke oasis maize field and Huazhaizi desert maize field. Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format. (11) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in the table format of Word. (12) Atmospheric parameters near Daman Water Management office by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, Rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number.
CHEN Ling, REN Huazhong, WANG Tianxing, YAN Guangkuo, HAO Xiaohua, WANG Shuguo, LI Li, LI Hua, LIU Sihan, SU Gaoli, XIA Chuanfu, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, LI Xinhui, YU Fan, ZHU Xiaohua, YANG Guijun, CHENG Zhanhui, Liu Liangyun
The EC150 open circuit eddy covariance observation system was set up in the typical Populus euphratica community near ulantuge of Ejina oasis in the lower reaches of Heihe River. The water and heat fluxes of Populus euphratica community from July 2013 to September 2014 were systematically observed.
CHEN Yaning
The dataset investigated the growth status of plants and leaf morphological indexes of single and conjoined red sand and pearl in the middle and lower reaches of heihe river basin in 2013. The growth indexes were crown width, plant height, and biomass of fine roots and thick roots.Leaf shape indicators are: length, width, thickness, and leaf area, volume, etc.The experimental observation indexes are: leaf nitrogen content, water potential, gas exchange data, chlorophyll fluorescence data. Data include: field observation data and explanatory documents.
SU Peixi
The year-end ecological investigation was conducted in the late September and early October when plants stopped growing. There are 8 investigation and observation fields, they are: piedmont desert, piedmont Gobi, desert in the middle, Gobi in the middle reaches, desert in the middle reaches, downstream desert, downstream Gobi, and downstream desert, the size of each filed is 40m×40m. Three large quadrats of 20m×20m were selected in each observation field, named S1, S2, and S3, to conduce the regular shrub investigation; four small quadrats were selected from each large quadrat with a size of 5m×5m, named A, B, C, D, to conduct herbal investigation.
SU Peixi
The fractional vegetation cover observation was carried out for the typical underlying surface in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin during the aviation flight experiment in 2014. The observation started on 24 July, 2014 and finished on 1 August, 2014. 1. Observation time On days of 24 July, 27 July, 30 July, 31 July and 1 August, 2014 2. Samples method Large areas with homogeneous vegetation (greater than 100 m * 100 m) were chosen as the observation samples. And forty field samples were selected according to the characteristics of vegetation distribution in the low reaches. The land-use types including the cantaloupe, the Tamarix chinensis, the reeds, the weeds, the Karelinia caspica, the Sophora alopecuroides and so on. 3. Observation methods 3.1 Instruments and measurement method Digital photography measurement is implemented to measure the FVC. Plot positions, photographic method and data processing method are dedicatedly designed. In field measurements, a long stick with the camera mounted on one end is beneficial to conveniently measure various species of vegetation, enabling a larger area to be photographed with a smaller field of view. The stick can be used to change the camera height; a fixed-focus camera can be placed at the end of the instrument platform at the front end of the support bar, and the camera can be operated by remote control. 3.2 Photographic method The photographic method used depends on the species of vegetation and planting pattern. A long stick with the camera mounted on one end is used for the Tamarix chinensisi and reeds. For the Tamarix chinensisi and reeds, rows of more than two cycles should be included in the field of view (<30), and the side length of the image should be parallel to the row. If there are no more than two complete cycles, then information regarding row spacing and plant spacing are required. The FVC of the entire cycle, that is, the FVC of the quadrat, can be obtained from the number of rows included in the field of view. For other vegetation , the photos of FVC were obtained by directly photographing for the lower heights of the vegetation. 3.3 Method for calculating the FVC The detail method of the FVC calculation can be found in the reference below. Many methods are available to extract the FVC from digital images, and the degree of automation and the precision of identification are important factors that affect the efficiency of field measurements. This method, which is proposed by the authors, has the advantages of a simple algorithm, a high degree of automation and high precision, as well as ease of operation (see the reference). 4 Data storage The observation recorded data were stored in excel and the original FVC data were stored in photos.
Guo Dong, WANG Haibo, Zhou Shengnan
In mid July 2011, the photosynthetic organs (leaf or assimilating branches) of typical desert plants were collected and determined by laboratory. The indicators include: leaf water potential, total leaf water content, relative water content, dry weight water content, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area, specific leaf volume, free water, bound water, etc.
SU Peixi
This dataset includes observational data of sap flow from 14 June to 21 September, 2012. The study area was located in the irrigation area within the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, China. Sample trees were selected for installing TDP (thermal dissipation sap flow velocity probe) instruments according to their height and diameter at breast height (DBH); only Popolusgansuensis trees were selected in this study. The TDP instrument is made in China; the model type was TDP30. There were 3 TDP observation sites, i.e., TDP-1, TDP-2 and TDP-3, which were located near the LAS4_S, EC6 and EC8 sites, respectively. The order of tree heights was TDP-2 > TDP-1 > TDP-3, and the order of DBH was TDP-2 > TDP-3 > TDP-1. At each site, 3 representative trees were selected to measure the sap flow. Three TDPs were mounted on the stem of each tree, one each for the southeast, southwest and north directions; the mounting height is 1.3 meters. Each TDP had two probes. The raw TDP data included the temperature difference between the two probes at a frequency of 30 s. The released data include the 10 minute-averaged sap flow rate (cm/h), sap flow flux (cm^3/h), and daily transpiration (mm/d). The sap flow rate and the sap flow flux were calculated according to the temperature difference between the two probes; the shelter-forest transpiration per unit area (Q) was calculated based on the area of shelterbelts and density of Popolusgansuensis trees at each site. The data preprocessing steps included the following. (1) Unphysical data were excluded. (2) Missing data were filled with -6999. (3) Suspicious data, which were most likely caused by probe failure, were marked in red; confirmed bad data were excluded. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Qiao et al. (2015) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission was obtained in No. 1, 2 and 3 quadrates of the A'rou foci experimental area on Jul. 7, 2008. The quadrates were divided into 4×4 subsites, with each one spanning a 30×30 m2 plot. Observation items included: (1) spectrum of stellera, whin and pasture by ASD FieldSpec (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, with 20% reference board. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance were in .txt format. (2) photosynthesis of stellera , whin and pasture by LI-6400. The data were archived in Excel format. (3) surface temperature by the handheld infrared thermometer. 25 corner points of each subsite were chosen and acquisition time, the soil temperature measured three times and the land cover types were archived. Six files were included, the stellera spectrum of diverse coverage, spectrum data for 60% and 65% coverage, stellera photos, photosynthesis, the infrared temperature synchronizing with the airplane, and WiDAS images (resolution: 1.25m, 7.5m and 10m).
GE Yingchun, LI Hongyi, Qian Jinbo, WANG Yang, YU Yingjie
This is the morphological and structural characteristics of the constructive plants’ chloroplasts in arid areas of the middle-lower reaches of Heihe River Basin. The material number is the same as in the sampling table. The chloroplast morphology and structure of 60 dominant plants were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chloroplast morphology, thylakoid grana lamella and matrix morphology, starch content and the morphological characteristics of osmiophilic granules can all be reflected.
LIU Yubing
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on May 30, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire CCD, MIR and TIR band data. The simultaneous ground data included: (1) The radiative temperature by the handheld radiometer (BNU) in Yingke oasis maize field and Huazhaizi desert maize field (the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation for both fields), and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (the diagonal observation). The data included raw data (in .doc format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (2) The component temperature of maize and wheat by the handheld radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field, Yingke wheat field and Huazhaizi desert maize field. For maize, the component temperature included the vertical canopy temperature, the bare land temperature and the plastic film temperature; for the wheat, it included the vertical canopy temperature, the half height temperature, the lower part temperature and the bare land temperature. The data included raw data (in .doc format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (3) The radiative temperature of maize, wheat and the bare land in Yingke oasis maize field by ThermaCAM SC2000 (1.2m above the ground, FOV = 24°×18°), The data included raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (archived in Excel format). (4) The radiative temperature and the canopy multi-angle radiative temperature by the fixed automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 1.0), observing straight downwards at intervals of 1s in Yingke oasis maize field (2 instruments for maize canopy), Huazhaizi desert maize field (only one for maize canopy) and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (two for reaumuria soongorica canopy and the bare land). The thermal infrared remote sensing calibration was carried out in the resort plot. Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format. (5) Coverage fraction of maize and wheat by the self-made instrument and the camera (2.5m-3.5m above the ground) in Yingke oasis maize field. Based on the length of the measuring tape and the bamboo pole, the size of the photo can be decided. GPS date were also collected and the technology LAB was applied to retrieve the coverage of the green vegetation. Besides, such related information as the surrounding environment was also recorded. Data included the primarily measured image and final fraction of vegetation coverage. (6) Reflectance spectra of Yingke oasis maize field (350-2500nm, from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications) and resort calibration site (350-2500nm, from Beijing Univeristy) by ASD (Analytical Sepctral Devices); BRDF by the self-made observation platform. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (7) Atmospheric parameters at the resort calibration site by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (8) Soil moisture (0-40cm) by the cutting ring, the soil temperature by the thermocouple thermometer, roughness by the self-made roughness board and the camera in Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot. Sample points were selected every 30m along the diagonals. Data were all archived in Excel format. (9) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format. (10) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in Word. LAI in Yingke oasis maize field. The maximum leaf length and width of each maize and wheat were measured. Data were archived in Excel format of May 31.
CHAI Yuan, CHEN Ling, HE Tao, KANG Guoting, QIAN Yonggang, REN Huazhong, REN Zhixing, WANG Haoxing, ZHANG Wuming, ZOU Jie, GE Yingchun, SHU Lele, WANG Jianhua, XU Zhen, GUANG Jie, LIU Sihan, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, LIU Xiaocheng, TAO Xin, LIANG Wenguang, WANG Dacheng, LI Xiaoyu, CHENG Zhanhui, YANG Tianfu, HUANG Bo, LI Shihua, LUO Zhen
The ground sample data was collected by LAI-2000 canopy analyzer, and the collection area was located in Dayekou, Wuxing Village (2012) and other areas. The main measure of vegetation is corn. The LAI value of the corn was obtained using the LAI2000, and the observation was repeated twice in a pattern of “one up and four down”. The leaf area of each leaf of the corn plant was obtained using CD202, and a total of three corns were collected.
FAN Wenjie
In this project, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, a typical desert plant, is taken as the research object. Through optimizing the protein extraction and purification system of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, IEF and 2-D two-dimensional electrophoresis techniques are used to obtain soluble protein electrophoresis maps of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, and protein spots differentially expressed under drought stress are analyzed and obtained, which provides technical guarantee for subsequent mass spectrometry to identify protein functions and construct Ammopiptanthus mongolicus water stress response network.
SU Yanhua
The leaf area of five typical species of jinjier, jilialu, jinlumei, huangxiaoba and Ganqing jinjier in Dayekou watershed of Qilian Mountain was measured by LAI-2200 canopy analyzer.
LIU Xiande
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with ASTER was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on May 28, 2008. Observation items included: (1) Atmospheric parameters in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (2) Photosynthesis by LI-6400. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format (by notepat.exe) and processed data were in Excel format. (3) Reflectance spectra in Yingke oasis maize field by ASD FieldSpec (350-2500nm, the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation) from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (CAS), and in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by ASD FieldSpec (350-1603nm, the vertical observation and the transect observation for reaumuria soongorica and the bare land) from Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The grey board and the black and white cloth were also used for calibration spectrum. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (4) Coverage fraction of maize and wheat by the self-made instrument and the camera (2.5m-3.5m above the ground) in Yingke oasis maize field. Based on the length of the measuring tape and the bamboo pole, the size of the photo can be decided. GPS date were also collected and the technology LAB was applied to retrieve the coverage of the green vegetation. Besides, such related information as the surrounding environment was also recorded. Data included the primarily measured image and final fraction of vegetation coverage. (5) the radiative temperature of maize, wheat and the bare land in Yingke oasis maize field by ThermaCAM SC2000 using ThermaCAM SC2000 (1.2m above the ground, FOV = 24°×18°),. The data included raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (archived in Excel format). (6) the radiative temperature by the automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 0.95), 3 for maize canopy, the bare land and wheat canopy in Yingke oasis maize field, one for maize canopy in Huazhaizi desert maize field, and 2 for vegetation and the desert bare land in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot,at nadir at a time interval of one second. Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format. (7) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format. (8) LAI in Yingke oasis maize field. The maximum leaf length and width of each maize and wheat were measured. Data were archived in Excel format. (9) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) of maize and wheat by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in the table format of Word. (10) The radiative temperature in Yingke oasis maize field (the transect observation), Yingke oasis wheat field (the transect observation), Huazhaizi desert maize field (the transect observation) and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (the diagonal observation) by the handheld infrared thermometer (BNU and Institute of Remote Sensing Applications). Raw data (in Word format), blackbody calibrated data and processed data (in Excel format) were all archived.
CHAI Yuan, CHEN Ling, KANG Guoting, QIAN Yonggang, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, WANG Jianhua, SHU Lele, LI Li, LIU Sihan, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, TAO Xin, WANG Dacheng, LI Xiaoyu, CHENG Zhanhui, YANG Tianfu, HUANG Bo, LI Shihua, LUO Zhen
In mid-july 2011, photosynthetic organs (leaves or assimilating branches) of typical desert plants were collected and brought back to the laboratory in a liquid nitrogen tank for determination. The analysis indexes mainly include soluble protein unit: mg/g;Free amino acid unit: g/g;Chlorophyll content unit: mg/g;Superoxide dismutase (SOD) unit: U/g FW;Catalase (CAT) unit: U/(g•min);POD unit: U/(g•min);Proline (Pro) unit: g/g; Soluble sugar unit: g/g;Malondialdehyde (MDA) is given in moles per liter.
SU Peixi
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with Envisat ASAR was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area from Sep. 12 to Sep. 15, 2007 during the pre-observation period. One scene of Envisat ASAR image was captured on Sep. 19. The data were in AP mode and VV/VH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 11:29 BJT. Observation items included: (1) GPS by GARMIN GPS 76 (2) LAI by LAI-2000 (3) photosynthesis measured by LI6400 from Linze station carried out according to WATER specifications. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format , which can be opened by notepat and processed by Excel. (4) object spectrum of typical ground objects measured by ASD FieldSpec Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from Gansu Meteorological Administration. The reference whiteboard was attached therein. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance were archived as text files (.txt). (5) infrared temperature measured by the handheld infrared thermometer from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, which was calibrated. The infrared temperature of the crown, the vertical canopy, 45 degrees frontlight and backlight were measured respectively. The data were archived as Excel files. (6) soil profile (0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm), and soil moisture measured by the cutting ring method. Profile photos were taken meanwhile. (7) quadrate (1m×1m) investigations, including the quadrate number, species, quantities, coverage, the total quadrate coverage, the mean height, biomass number, the total green weight and the total dry weight. (8) repeated measurements on chlorophyll content of different species measured by SPAD 502. (9) photos taken by Nikon D80 with a lens of Sigma 8mm F3.5 EX DG CIRCULAR FISHEYE, shooting straight downwards at the height of 1.5m (10) atmospheric parameters at Daman Water Management office measured by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMetext files (.txt) is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number.
BAI Yunjie, CHE Tao, DING Songchuang, GAO Song, HAN Xujun, HAO Xiaohua, LI Hongyi, LI Xin, LI Zhe, LIANG Ji, PAN Xiaoduo, QIN Chun, RAN Youhua, WANG Xufeng, WU Yueru, YAN Qiaodi, ZHANG Lingmei, FANG Li, LI Hua, Liu Qiang, Wen Jianguang, MA Hongwei, YAN Yeqing, YUAN Xiaolong
In the middle of July, 2011, 1. Elaeagnus angustifolia, 2. Blister. Using Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system (li-cor, USA) and li-3100 leaf area meter, the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of desert plants were observed. The symbols in the observation data have the following meanings: Obs, number of observations;Photo, net photosynthetic rate, moles of CO2 times m minus 2 times s minus 1; Cond, stomatal conductance, mol H2O•m -- 2•s -- 1;Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration, moles of CO2 times mol-1; Trmmol, transpiration rate, mmol H2O•m -- 2•s -- 1;Vpdl, water vapor pressure deficit, kPa; Area, leaf Area, cm2;Tair, atmospheric temperature, ℃; Tleaf, leaf surface temperature, ℃;CO2R, CO2 concentration in the reference chamber, moles of CO2•mol-1; CO2S, sample chamber CO2 concentration, moles of CO2•mol-1;H2OR, water in the reference chamber, mmol H2O•mol-1; H2OS, sample chamber moisture, mmol H2O•mol-1;PARo, photon flux density, mole •m -- 2•s -- 1; Rh-r, reference room air relative humidity, %;Rh-s, relative humidity of air in sample room, %; PARi, photosynthetic effective radiation, moles •m -- 2•s -- 1;Press, atmospheric pressure, kPa; Others are the state parameters of the instrument at the time of measurement.
SU Peixi
The data set is the meteorological and observational data of hulugou shrub experimental area in the upper reaches of Heihe River, including meteorological data, albedo data and evapotranspiration data under shrubs. 1. Meteorological data: Qilian station longitude: 99 ° 52 ′ E; latitude: 38 ° 15 ′ n; altitude: 3232.3m, scale meteorological data from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2013. Observation items include: temperature, humidity, vapor pressure, net radiation, four component radiation, etc. The data are daily scale data, and the calculation period is 0:00-24:00 2. Albedo: daily surface albedo data from January 1, 2012 to July 3, 2014, including snow and non snow periods. The measuring instrument is the radiation instrument on the 10m gradient tower in hulugou watershed. Among them, the data from August 4 to October 2, 2012 was missing due to instrument circuit problems, and the rest data quality was good 3. Evapotranspiration: surface evapotranspiration data of Four Typical Shrub Communities in hulugou watershed. The observation period is from July 18 to August 5, 2014, which is the daily scale data. The data include precipitation data, evaporation and infiltration data observed by lysimeter. The data set can be used to analyze the evapotranspiration data of alpine shrubs and forests. The evapotranspiration of grassland under canopy was measured by a small lysimeter with a diameter of 25 cm and a depth of 30 cm. Two lysimeters were set up in each shrub plot, and one lysimeter was set for each shrub in transplanting experiment. The undisturbed undisturbed soil column with the same height as the barrel is placed in the inner bucket, and the outer bucket is buried in the soil. During the embedding, the outer bucket shall be 0.5-1.0 cm higher than the ground, and the outer edge of the inner barrel shall be designed with a rainproof board about 2.0 cm wide to prevent surface runoff from entering the lysimeter. Lysimeter was set up in the nearby meteorological stations to measure grassland evapotranspiration, and a small lysimeter with an inner diameter of 25 cm and a depth of 30 cm was also set up in the sample plot of Picea crassifolia forest to measure the evaporation under the forest. All lysimeters are weighed at 20:00 every day (the electronic balance has a sensing capacity of 1.0 g, which is equivalent to 0.013 mm evaporation). Wind proof treatment should be taken to ensure the accuracy of measurement. Data processing method: evapotranspiration is mainly calculated by mass conservation in lysimeter method. According to the design principle of lysimeter lysimeter, evapotranspiration is mainly determined by the quality difference in two consecutive days. Since it is weighed every day, it is calculated by water balance.
SONG Yaoxuan, LIU Zhangwen
A small lysimeter was made to simulate the natural conditions and select typical desert plants as the objects to study the water consumption of drought stress treatment. Repeat 3 times for each plant. In 2012, the soil water content was kept at (20 ± 5)% of the field water capacity, and experiments on physiological water demand and water consumption were carried out under stress. In 2013, the soil water content was kept at (10 ± 3)% of the field water capacity, and further experiments on water consumption and water consumption law were carried out under drought stress.
SU Peixi
The dataset of photosynthesis observed by Li-6400 was obtained in the Yingke oasis, Huazhaizi desert steppe and Linze grassland foci experimental areas. Parameters included: CO2R_µml: CO2 viscosity inside the reference lab (µmol CO2 mol-1); CO2S_µml: CO2 viscosity inside the sample room (µmol CO2 mol-1); H2OR_mml: H2O viscosity inside the reference lab (mmol H2O mol-1); H2OS_mml: H2O viscosity inside the sample room (mmol H2O mol-1); Flow_CV%: variation coefficient of Flow_µml (%); RH_R_%: relative humidity inside the reference lab (%); RH_S_%: relative humidity inside the sample room (%); Td_R_%: dew-point temperature inside the reference lab (C); Td_S_%: dew-point temperature inside the sample room (C); Prss_kPa: air pressure (kPa); ParIn_µm: active radiation of interior photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1); c: active radiation of interior photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1); BLC_moll: boundary layer conductance (mol m-2 s-1); Tblock°C: temperature inside the sample room (°C) (mmol H2O mol-1); Tleaf°C: leaf temperature (°C); HH:MM:SS: time; Program: automatic program mode; CHPWMF：Status word (summary of line J); Battery: battery voltage (V); CO2: CO2 IRGAs; H2O: IRGAs; Pump: pump; Flow: air flow controller; Mixr: CO2 mixer; Fan: fan; Program: automatic program mode; ProgPrgs: AutoProgram step counter; FwMxCrLp: Numerical summary of the four stability flags; totalCV% : See totalCV% under E above; CRagc_mv: Reference CO2 AGC (automatic gain control) signal, in mV; CSagc_mv: Sample CO2 AGC signal; HRagc_mv: Reference H2O AGC signal; HSagc_mv: Sample H2O AGC signal. Observations were carried out as follows: (1) Photosynthesis synchronizing with TM in Yingke oasis No. 1 maize plot (three maize plants), No. 4 (5 maize plants) and No. 5 (2 wheat plants) on May 20, 2008. (2) Barley and alfalfa synchronizing with ASAR and MODIS on May 24, 2008. (3) Photosynthesis synchronizing with ASAR and MODIS in Yingke oasis maize plot on May 28, 2008. (4) Photosynthesis synchronizing with WiDAS in Yingke oasis maize plot on May 30, 2008. (5) Photosynthesis synchronizing with OMIS-II in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jun. 4, 2008. (6) Photosynthesis synchronizing with OMIS-II in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jun. 16, 2008. (7) Photosynthesis synchronizing with WiDAS in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jun. 29, 2008. (8) Photosynthesis synchronizing with WiDAS and TM in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jul. 7, 2008. (9) Photosynthesis synchronizing with WiDAS in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jul. 11, 2008. Data, including observation time, instrument parameters and those above mentioned, were archived in the original format of LI-6400, and could be read by .exe and Microsoft Excel.
LI Li, LIU Sihan, SU Gaoli, Wen Jianguang, XIA Chuanfu, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei
This data includes FAPAR and LAI data of ground sample points collected in 2012.The acquisition equipment were SunScane and lai-2000.Among them, the spread value was obtained by FAPAR measurement for 4 times.The sampling sites were located around zhangye on July 15, 2012 at solstice on July 4, 2012, including arol, linze, jiulongjiang forest farm, danoguchi and wuxing village.A total of 637 sets of data were measured.
FAN Wenjie
In the late June and early July of 2014, the dominant species of desert plants in the lower reaches of Heihe River, Lycium barbarum and Sophora alopecuroides, were selected. Using the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system (LI-COR, USA), the photosynthetic and water physiological characteristics of desert plants were measured and analyzed.
SU Peixi
The leaves and roots of ammopiptanthus mongolicus were sequenced by Hiseq2000 with high throughput transcriptome, and 44,959 unigene were found. Through database comparison, 43,192 unigene were annotated. It was found that under drought treatment, 1035 and 1210 genes were differentially expressed in leaves and roots (the expression level was up-regulated or down-regulated by more than 2 times respectively). These differentially expressed genes are mainly related to material transportation, stress response, metabolic process, and molecular structural activity. 40 differentially expressed (specific) response genes under drought stress were identified. By analyzing the transcription factors of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, we also found that Ammopiptanthus mongolicus contains 50 transcription factor families and 1575 transcription factors. The expression of 7 transcription factors increased and 50 decreased in leaves. In the roots, 11 rose and 33 fell.
SU Yanhua
This data includes the coverage data set of vegetation in one growth cycle in five stations of Daman super station, wetland, desert, desert and Gobi, and the biomass data set of maize and wetland reed in one growth cycle in Daman super station. The observation time starts from May 10, 2014 and ends on September 11, 2014. 1 coverage observation 1.1 observation time 1.1.1 super station: the observation period is from May 10 to September 11, 2014. Before July 20, the observation is once every five days. After July 20, the observation is once every 10 days. A total of 17 observations are made. The specific observation time is as follows:; Super stations: May 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 10, 15, 20, 20, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 7, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 15 1.1.2 other four stations: the observation period is from May 20 to September 15, 2014, once every 10 days, and 11 observations have been made in total. The specific observation time is as follows:; Other four stations: May 10, 2014, May 20, 2014, May 30, 2014, June 10, 2014, June 20, 2014, June 30, July 10, 2014, July 20, August 5, 2014, August 17, 2014, September 11, 2014 1.2 observation method 1.2.1 measuring instruments and principles: The digital camera is placed on the instrument platform at the front end of the simple support pole to keep the shooting vertical and downward and remotely control the camera measurement data. The observation frame can be used to change the shooting height of the camera and realize targeted measurement for different types of vegetation. 1.2.2 design of sample Super station: take 3 plots in total, the sample size of each plot is 10 × 10 meters, take photos along two diagonal lines in turn each time, take 9-10 photos in total; Wetland station: take 2 sample plots, each plot is 10 × 10 meters in size, and take 9-10 photos for each survey; 3 other stations: select 1 sample plot, each sample plot is 10 × 10 meters in size, and take 9-10 photos for each survey; 1.2.3 shooting method For the super station corn and wetland station reed, the observation frame is directly used to ensure that the camera on the observation frame is far higher than the vegetation crown height. Samples are taken along the diagonal in the square quadrat, and then the arithmetic average is made. In the case of a small field angle (< 30 °), the field of view includes more than 2 ridges with a full cycle, and the side length of the photo is parallel to the ridge; in the other three sites, due to the relatively low vegetation, the camera is directly used to take pictures vertically downward (without using the bracket). 1.2.4 coverage calculation The coverage calculation is completed by Beijing Normal University, and an automatic classification method is adopted. For details, see article 1 of "recommended references". By transforming RGB color space to lab space which is easier to distinguish green vegetation, the histogram of green component A is clustered to separate green vegetation and non green background, and the vegetation coverage of a single photo is obtained. The advantage of this method lies in its simple algorithm, easy to implement and high degree of automation and precision. In the future, more rapid, automatic and accurate classification methods are needed to maximize the advantages of digital camera methods. 2 biomass observation 2.1 observation time 2.1.1 corn: the observation period is from May 10 to September 11, 2014, once every 5 days before July 20, and once every 10 days after July 20. A total of 17 observations have been made. The specific observation time is as follows:; Super stations: May 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 10, 15, 20, 20, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 7, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 15 2.1.2 Reed: the observation period is from May 20 to September 15, 2014, once every 10 days, and 11 observations have been made in total. The specific observation time is as follows:; 2014-5-10、2014-5-20、2014-5-30、2014-6-10、2014-6-20、2014-6-30、2014-7-10、2014-7-20、2014-8-5、2014-8-17、2014-9-11 2.2 observation method Corn: select three sample plots, and select three corn plants that represent the average level of each sample plot for each observation, respectively weigh the fresh weight (aboveground biomass + underground biomass) and the corresponding dry weight (85 ℃ constant temperature drying), and calculate the biomass of unit area corn according to the plant spacing and row spacing; Reed: set two 0.5m × 0.5m quadrats, cut them in the same place, and weigh the fresh weight (stem and leaf) and dry weight (constant temperature drying at 85 ℃) of reed respectively. 2.3 observation instruments Balance (accuracy 0.01g), oven. 3 data storage All the observation data were recorded in the excel table first, and then stored in the excel table. At the same time, the data of corn planting structure was sorted out, including the plant spacing, row spacing, planting time, irrigation time, except for the parent time, harvesting time and other relevant information.
YU Wenping, GENG Liying, Li Yimeng, TAN Junlei, MA Mingguo
The dataset of LAI measurements was obtained by LI-3000, the protractor and the ruler in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on May, 20, 24, 25, 28 and 31, Jun. 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 21 and 27, Jul. 2 and 9, 2008. The maximum leaf length and width of maize and wheat, the leaf angle, length and width of each section (one leaf was divided into 3 sections) were measured. And also the plant height, leaf base height, the crop spacing, the canopy height, row spacing and ridge spacing were measured. Two representative plants would be taken back for indoor observation for the stem length, stem width, stem circumference, and leaf area by LAI3000. Data were archived in Excel format.
CHEN Ling, REN Huazhong, WANG Tianxing, WANG Jindi, XIAO Yueting, YAN Guangkuo, LI Li, LIU Sihan, SU Gaoli, Wen Jianguang, XIA Chuanfu, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, FAN Wenjie, SHEN Xinyi, TAO Xin, YAN Binyan, YAO Yanjuan
The dataset of spectral reflectance observations was obtained in the Linze grassland foci experimental area. Spectral reflectance of the cement floor, reed, the saline field, alfalfa, barley and the pool in the reed plot A, the saline plot B, the alfalfa plot D and the barley plot E were measured by ASD and the reference board (20% and 40%). Observation date Plot 2008-05-30 A、B、D、E 2008-06-03 B 2008-06-06 E 2008-06-15 The cement floor (the station) 2008-06-15 The alfalfa field 2008-06-15 The pool in Majuntan 2008-06-15 The cement floor in Majuntan 2008-06-16 A、B、 D、 E Five files on original binary data, one software file and six record forms were archived. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
Wang Jing, HU Xiaoli, JIANG Xi, MA Mingguo, WANG Xufeng, YU Yingjie, HAO Xiaohua
A small lysimeter was made by ourselves, which simulated the natural conditions and selected typical desert plants as the object to study the water consumption and its law. Repeat 3 times for each plant.
SU Peixi
The dataset of photosynthesis was observed by LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System in the artificial oasis eco-hydrology experimental area of the Heihe River Basin. Observation items included two main crops in the middle reaches of Heihe river: wheat and maize, which located in the town of Pingchuan in Linze and the Super Station of Wuxing, respectively. Observation periods lasted from mid-May to September. This dataset included the raw observation data and the pretreatment data of wheat and maize observed by LI-6400 during the observation periods. Objectives of observation: The photosynthetic datasets can be used in the study of plant physiological ecology characteristic and the simulation and validation for the eco-hydrological models. Instrument and theory of the observation: (1) Measuring instrument: LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System; (2) Measuring theory: Using the infrared gas analyzer to measure the change of CO2 concentration, and then measuring the differences of CO2 concentration between the sample chamber and the referenced chamber so as to acquire the net productivity of the leaf. Time and site of observation: (1) Observation site of the wheat: in the town of Pingchuan in Linze; Observation time: 2012-05-17，2012-06-08 to 2012-6-13; (2) Observation site of the maize: in the Super Station of Wuxing; Observation time: from 2012-05-19 to 2012-08-15. The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time. Data processing: The raw data of LI-6400 were archived in text format and can be opened by text editor or excel, the preprocessed data were in Excel format. Every time period of observation was archived in a single document, named as “date + type + time”, every leaf was recorded 3 times, and then added a remark.
WANG Haibo
At the end of September and the beginning of October, 2011, a year-end ecological survey was carried out in heihe river basin for plants of different desert types to stop growing. There are altogether 8 survey and observation fields, which are: piedmont desert, piedmont gobi, middle reaches desert, middle reaches gobi, middle reaches desert, lower reaches desert, lower reaches gobi and lower reaches desert, with a size of 40m×40m. Three 20m×20m large quadrats were fixed in each observation field, named S1, S2 and S3, and regular shrub surveys were conducted.Each large quadrat was fixed with 4 5m x 5m small quadrats, named A, B, C, D, for the herbal survey.
SU Peixi
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area on Jun. 29, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire CCD, MIR and TIR band data. The simultaneous ground data included: (1) soil moisture (0-5cm) nine times by the cutting ring (50cm^3) along LY06 and LY07 strips, and once by the cutting ring method and once by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer in the six points of Wulidun farmland quadrates. The preprocessed soil volumetric moisture data were archived as Excel files. (2) surface radiative temperature measured three times by three handheld infrared thermometer (5# and 6# from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, and one from Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, which were all calibrated) in LY06 and LY07 strips (98 sample points and repeated three times) and the Wulidun farmland quadrates (various points and repeated three times). Data were archived as Excel files. (3) maize canopy component temperature measured by the 5# handheld infrared thermometer (from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute) in Wulidun farmland quadrates. Six directions were measured, canopy backlighting and frontlighting, half height backlighting and frontlighting, the light and the shaded bareland, with each direction 20 measurements. (4) spectrum of maize, soil and soil with known moisture measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, and the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter) in Wulidun farmland quadrates. Raw spectral data were binary files , which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance (by ViewSpecPro) were archived as Excel.files (5) mltiangle maize spectrum measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter), two observation platforms of BNU make and one of Institute of Remote Sensing Applications make in Wulidun farmland. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance and transmittivity were archived as text files (.txt). (6) LAI of maize measured by the fisheye camera (CANON EOS40D with a lens of EF15/28), shooting straight downwards, with exceptions of higher plants, which were shot upwards. Data included original photos (.JPG) and those processed by can_eye5.0 (in excel). (7) LAI of maize measured by LAI2000 in Wulidun farmland quadrates. Data educed from LAI2000 periodically were archived as text files (.txt) and marked with one ID. Raw data (table of word and txt) and processed data (Excel) were included. Besides, observation time, the observation method and the repetition were all archived. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
DONG Jian, YU Yingjie, BAI Yanfen, HAO Xiaohua, Qian Jinbo, SHU Lele, WANG Yang, XU Zhen
The hydrological monitoring of Picea crassifolia and main shrub vegetation types, including canopy interception, soil moisture content and stemflow, was carried out at different altitude gradients in Pailugou catchment of Qilian Mountain. The monitoring time was the dynamic monitoring of growth season in 2012 and 2013.
LIU Xiande
On the basis of physiological and biochemical analysis of photosynthetic organs (leaves or assimilating branches) of typical desert plants in heihe river basin collected in mid-july 2011, some photosynthetic organs of desert plants were collected in mid-july 2012 and put into a liquid nitrogen tank and brought back to the laboratory for determination. Physiological analysis indexes mainly include: soluble protein unit: mg/g;Free amino acid unit: g/g;Chlorophyll content unit: mg/g;Superoxide dismutase (SOD) unit: U/g FW;Catalase (CAT) unit: U/(g•min);POD unit: U/(g•min);Proline (Pro) unit: g/g; Soluble sugar unit: g/g;Malondialdehyde (MDA) is given in moles per liter.
SU Peixi
The data set of atmospheric water vapor absorption and utilization of desert plants, all of which are original data, including the liquid flow and environmental data of wild desert plants (Sitan village and Ejina Banner, Jingtai County), such as Tamarix, Bawang, Baici, Hongsha, etc., including the data of meteorology, photosynthesis, fluorescence and leaf surface humidity, as well as the data of gene transcriptome and expression regulation.
XIAO Honglang
The dataset of vegetation cover fraction observations was obtained by the self-made instrument and the camera at a height of 2.5m-3.5m above the ground in the Yingke oasis, Huazhaizi desert steppe and Biandukou foci experimental areas on May 20, 24, 25, 28 and 30, Jun. 11, 14, 15, 21, 23, 24, 27 and 30, and Jul. 2, 2008. Observations were carried out in Yingke oasis maize field, Yingke oasis wheat field, Huazhaizi desert No. 1 and 2 plots, the rape field, the barley field and grassland in Biandukou. A pole with known length was put in each photo to determine the size of the photo. GPS data was used for the location and the technology LAB was used to retieve the coverage of the green vegetation. Besides, surrounding environment was also recorded. The dataset included the primary collected vegetation images and retrieved fraction of vegetation coverage.
QIAN Yonggang, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, WANG Jindi, WANG Tianxing, YAN Guangkuo, ZHANG Wuming
The forest hydrology experimental area of Heihe River integrated remote sensing experiment includes the dense observation area of Dayekou basin and the dense observation area of Pailugou basin. Due to the concentrated distribution of the fixed sample plots in the drainage ditch basin, these sample plots lack of representativeness to the forest of the whole dayokou basin, so in June 2008, 43 temporary forest sample plots were set up in the whole dayokou basin. The data set is the ground observation data of the 43 temporary plots. In addition to the measurement and recording of stand status and site factors, Lai was also observed. The instruments used to measure each wood in the sample plot are mainly tape, DBH, flower pole, tree measuring instrument and compass. The DBH, tree height, height under branch, crown width in cross slope direction, crown width along slope direction and single tree growth were measured for each tree. WGS84 latitude and longitude coordinates of the center point of the sample plot were measured with different hand-held GPS, and the positioning error was about 5-30m. Other observation factors include: Forest Farm, slope direction, slope position, slope, soil thickness, canopy density, etc. The implementation time of these temporary sample plots is from 2 to 30 June 2008. The data set can provide ground data for the development of remote sensing inversion algorithm of forest structure parameters.
LING Feilong, HE Qisheng, ZHANG Xuelong, WANG Shunli, ZHAO Ming, LEI Jun, NIU Yun, LUO Longfa, CHEN Erxue
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MA Mingguo, DING Songchuang, GAO Song, Qian Jinbo, BAI Yunjie, WANG Xufeng, TAN Junlei, WANG Shuguo, GU Juan, WANG Shunli, LUO Longfa, WANG Rongxin, CHE Zongxi, JING Wenmao
The leaf cross-sectional structure of constructive species in arid area of the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River Basin. The material number is consistent with the sampling table. Refer to the sampling table number to determine the material and its distribution position. A semi thin section of 65 dominant plants. The mesophyll structure of C3 and C4 plants, the characteristics of palisade tissue and sponge tissue, as well as the special structure including crystalloid cells can be reflected.
LIU Yubing
The algorithm firstly adopts the canopy BRDF model and represents the canopy reflectivity as a function of a series of parameters such as LAI/FAPAR, wavelength, reflectivity of soil and leaves, aggregation index, incidence and observation Angle.The parameter table is established for several key parameters as the input of inversion.Then input the pre-processed surface reflectance data and land cover data, and use look-up table (LUT) inversion to obtain FAPAR products.See references for detailed algorithms. Image format: tif Image size: about 1M per scene Time range: 2000-2012 Temporal resolution: 8 days Spatial resolution: 1km
FAN Wenjie
The dataset of BRDF observations was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas. Reflectance could be got based on R = (DN1/DN0)×R0, DN1 indicating DN of the item, R0 and DN0 the reflectance and DN of the grey board. Synchronizing with WiDAS and OMIS-II, the ground observations on reflectance (-60°~60° at intervals of 10°) of maize and wheat were carried out with ASD (FOV: 25°) and the self-made observation platform (maximum height: 5m) on May 30, Jun. 9, 14, 20, 22, 26 and 30, and Jul. 1, 2008. Raw data, recorded data and processed BRDF were archived in Excel format.
CHEN Ling, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, YAN Guangkuo, ZHANG Wuming, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, FAN Wenjie, TAO Xin
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne imaging spectrometer (OMIS-II) mission was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on Jun. 4, 2008. Observation items included: (1) ground object reflectance spectra of maize and wheat in Yingke oasis maize field by ASD FieldSpec (350~2500 nm, the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation) from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (CAS); and of the black and white cloth, the water body, vegetation and the cement floor in the resort calibration site by ASD (350-2500nm, fixed points observation) from BNU. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (2) The radiative temperature in Yingke oasis maize field (the transect observation), Yingke oasis wheat field (the transect observation), the maize field (intensive) near the resort (the transect observation) and Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot (the diagonal and the fixed point observation) by the handheld infrared thermometer (emissivity: 1.00). As for the fixed point observation, 25 corner points were chosen in the plot of 30m×30m, and at each point, the bare land was measured twice and the vegetation once. Raw data (in Word format), blackbody calibrated data and processed data (in Excel format) were all archived. (3) Atmospheric parameters on the ICBC resort office roof by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France) from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications. The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1640nm, 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm, 550nm, 440nm, 380nm and 340nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (4) Photosynthesis of wheat and maize by LI6400 in Yingke oasis maize field, carried out according to WATER specifications. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format (by notepat.exe) and processed data were in Excel format. (5) the radiative temperature vegetation (Reaumuria soongorica) and the bare land in Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot by ThermaCAM SC2000 ( (1.2m above the ground, FOV = 24°×18°),. The data included raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (archived in Excel format). (6) the radiative temperature by the automatic thermometer at nadir in Yingke oasis maize field (2 from BNU, FOV: 10°; emissivity: 0.95, at intervals of 1s, set above the maize canopy and the bare land between ridges and the third from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, emissivity: 1.0, at intervals of 0.05s, set above the maize canopy), Yingke wheat field (one set above the wheat canopy), Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot (one set above the barley canopy), and in the resort calibration site (one for the cement floor). Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format. (7) Wheat albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format. (8) Wheat FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in the table format of Word. (9) LAI in Yingke oasis maize field. The maximum leaf length and width of each maize and wheat were measured. Data were from Jun. 6, 2008, archived in Excel format.
CHEN Ling, REN Huazhong, ZHOU Hongmin, CAO Yongpan, SHU Lele, WU Yueru, XU Zhen, LI Li, LIU Sihan, XIA Chuanfu, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, FAN Wenjie, TAO Xin, FENG Lei, LIANG Wenguang, YU Fan, WANG Dacheng, YANG Guijun, LI Xiaoyu, Liu Liangyun
Image format: tif Image size: about 925M per scene Time range: may-october 2012 Time resolution: month Spatial resolution: 30m The algorithm firstly adopts the canopy BRDF model and presents the canopy reflectivity as a function of a series of parameters such as FAPAR, wavelength, reflectance of soil and leaves, aggregation index, incidence and observation Angle.The parameter table is established for several key parameters as the input of inversion.Then input the pre-processed surface reflectance data and land cover data, and invert LAI/FAPAR products by look-up table (LUT) method. See references for detailed algorithm.
SPAC system is a comprehensive platform for observation of plant transpiration water consumption and environmental factors. In this project, a set of SPAC system is set up in the Alxa Desert eco hydrological experimental study. The main observation data include temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetic effective radiation, etc. the sampling frequency is one hour. This data provides basic data support for the study of plant transpiration water environmental response mechanism.
SI Jianhua
The data is a fisheye photo above the interception barrel of the Picea crassifolia plot in the Tianlaochi small watershed of Qilian Mountain. The plot has a latitude and longitude of 38.44N, 99.91E, and an altitude of 2793m. Photo DSC_0008——DSC_0097 corresponds to Fisheye photos above interception barrels 1 to 90 respectively. The camera is directly above the interception barrel and the lens is 1m above the ground. It is used to estimate the cover or LAI of Qinghai spruce forest, and the pictures are processed with Gap Light Analyzer software.
ZHAO Chuanyan, MA Wenying
The data set contains the observation data of thermal diffusion fluid flow meters at the downstream mixed forest station and eupoplar forest station of the hydrometeorological observation network from January 1 to December 31, 2014. La shan au in the study area is located in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region of mesozoic-cenozoic in iminqak, according to the different height and diameter at breast height of iminqak, choose sampling tree installation TDP (Thermal Dissipation SAP flow velocity Probe, Thermal diffusion flow meter), domestic TDP pin type Thermal diffusion stem flow meter, the model for TDP30.The sample sites are TDP1 point and TDP2 point respectively, which are located near the mixed forest station and populus populus station.The height of the sample tree is TDP2 and TDP1 from high to low, and the diameter of the chest is TDP1 and TDP2 from large to small, so as to measure the trunk fluid flow on behalf of the whole area.The installation height of the probe is 1.3 meters and the installation orientation is due east and west of the sample tree. The original observation data of TDP is the temperature difference between probes, which is collected once for 10s and the average output period is 10 minutes.The published data are calculated and processed trunk flow data, including flow rate (cm/h), flux (cm3/h) and daily transpiration (mm/d) per 10 minutes.Firstly, the liquid flow rate and liquid flux were calculated according to the temperature difference between the probes, and then the transpiration Q per unit area of the forest zone was calculated according to the area of Euphrates poplar forest and the distance between trees at the observation points.At the same time, post-processing was carried out on the calculated rate and flux value :(1) data that obviously exceeded the physical significance or the instrument range were removed;(2) the missing data is marked with -6999;Among them, the data of TDP2 was missing due to power supply problems from 1.1-2.8 days, and the data of the third group of probes was missing from 2.8-3.13 days due to the problems of the third group of probes.(3) suspicious data caused by probe fault or other reasons shall be identified in red, and the data confirmed to have problems shall be removed. Please refer to Li et al.(2013) for hydrometeorological network or site information, and Qiao et al.(2015) for observation data processing.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
The dataset includes the fractional vegetation cover data generated from the stations of crop land, wetland, Gebi desert and desert steppe in Yingke Oasis and biomass data generated from the stations of crop land (corn) and wetland. The observations lasted for a vegetation growth cycle from 19 May, 2012 to 15 September, 2012. 1. Fractional vegetation cover observation 1.1 Observation time 1.1.1 Station of the crop land: The observations lasted from 20 May, 2012 to 15 September, 2012, and in five-day periods for each observation before 31 July and in ten-day periods for each observation after 31 July. The observation time for the station of crop land (corn) are 2013-5-20, 2013-5-25, 2013-5-30, 2013-6-5, 2013-6-10, 2013-6-16, 2013-6-22, 2013-6-27, 2013-7-2, 2013-7-7, 2013-7-12, 2013-7-17, 2013-7-27, 2013-8-3, 2013-8-13, 2013-8-25, 2013-9-5 and 2013-9-15. 1.1.2 The other four stations: The observations lasted from 20 May, 2012 to 15 September, 2012 and in ten-day periods for each observation. The observation time for the crop land are 2013-5-20, 2013-6-5, 2013-6-16, 2013-6-27, 2013-7-7, 2013-7-17, 2013-7-27, 2013-8-3, 2013-8-13, 2013-8-25, 2013-9-5 and 2013-9-15. 1.2 method 1.2.1 Instruments and measurement method Digital photography measurement is implemented to measure the FVC. Plot positions, photographic method and data processing method are dedicatedly designed. In field measurements, a long stick with the camera mounted on one end is beneficial to conveniently measure various species of vegetation, enabling a larger area to be photographed with a smaller field of view. The stick can be used to change the camera height; a fixed-focus camera can be placed at the end of the instrument platform at the front end of the support bar, and the camera can be operated by remote control. 1.2.2 Design of the samples Three and two plots with the area of 10×10 m^2 were measured for the station of the crop land and wetland, respectively. One plot with the area of 10×10 m^2 was measured for the other three stations. Shoot 9 times along two perpendicularly crossed rectangular-belt transects. The picture generated of each time is used to calculate a FVC value. “True FVC” of the plot is then acquired as the average of these 9 FVC values. 1.2.3 Photographic method The photographic method used depends on the species of vegetation and planting pattern. A long stick with the camera mounted on one end is used for the stations of crop land and wetland. For the station of the crop land, rows of more than two cycles should be included in the field of view (<30), and the side length of the image should be parallel to the row. If there are no more than two complete cycles, then information regarding row spacing and plant spacing are required. The FVC of the entire cycle, that is, the FVC of the quadrat, can be obtained from the number of rows included in the field of view. For other three stations, the photos of FVC were obtained by directly photographing for the lower heights of the vegetation. 1.2.4 Method for calculating the FVC The FVC calculation was implemented by the Beijing Normal University. The detail method can be found in the reference below. Many methods are available to extract the FVC from digital images, and the degree of automation and the precision of identification are important factors that affect the efficiency of field measurements. This method, which is proposed by the authors, has the advantages of a simple algorithm, a high degree of automation and high precision, as well as ease of operation (see the reference). 2. Biomass observation 2.1. Observation time 2.1.1 Station of the crop land: The observations lasted from 20 May 2012 to 15 September 2012, and in five-day periods for each observation before 31 July and in ten-day periods for each observation after 31 July. The observation time for the crop land are 2013-5-25, 2013-5-30, 2013-6-5, 2013-6-10, 2013-6-16, 2013-6-22, 2013-6-27, 2013-7-2, 2013-7-7, 2013-7-12, 2013-7-17, 2013-7-27, 2013-8-3, 2013-8-13, 2013-8-25, 2013-9-5 and 2013-9-15. 2.1.2 The station of wetland: The observations lasted from 20 May 2012 to 15 September 2012, and in ten-day periods for each observation. The observation time for the crop land are 2013-6-5, 2013-6-16, 2013-6-27, 2013-7-7, 2013-7-17, 2013-7-27, 2013-8-3, 2013-8-13, 2013-8-25, 2013-9-5 and 2013-9-15. 2.2. Method Station of the crop land: Three plots were selected and three strains of corn for each observation were random selected for each plot to measure the fresh weight (the aboveground biomass and underground biomass) and dry weight. Per unit biomass can be obtained according to the planting structure. Station of the wetland: Two plots of reed with the area of 0.5 m × 0.5 m were random selected for each observation. The reed of the two plots was cut to measure the fresh weight (the aboveground biomass) and dry weight. 2.3. Instruments Balance (accuracy 0.01 g); drying oven 3. Data storage All observation data were stored in excel. Other data including plant spacing, row spacing, seeding time, irrigation time, the time of cutting male parent and the harvest time of the corn for the station of cropland were also stored in the excel.
GENG Liying, Jia Shuzhen, Li Yimeng, MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with PROBA CHRIS was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on Jul. 1, 2008. Observation items included: (1) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) of maize and wheat by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in the table format of Word. (2) BRDF of maize by ASD (350～2 500 nm) from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (CAS) and the self-made multi-angluar observation platform of BNU make in Yingke oasis maize field. The maximum height of the platform was 5m above the ground with the azimuth 0~360° and the zenith angle -60°~60°. An automatic thermometer was attached to the platform for the multiangle radiative temperature. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel. (3) The radiative temperature of the maize canopy by the automatic thermometer (emissivity: 0.95),at a hight of 50cm from the crown in Yingke oasis maize field. Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format. (4) Atmospheric parameters at the resort by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for details. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (5) The multiangle radiative temperature by the automatic thermometer (emissivity: 1.0) attached on the observation platform, at an interval of 0.05s. The data were archived in .txt files (.dat format). The first seven lines were the header file, including acquisition date, time, and intervals; besides, Time (starting time), TObj (target temperature), Tint (the interior temperature of the probe), TBox (the temperature of the box) and Tact (the actual temperature calculated from the given emissivity) were also listed.
CHEN Ling, REN Huazhong, XIAO Yueting, SU Gaoli, WU Mingquan, WU Chaoyang, XIA Chuanfu, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, SHEN Xinyi, YANG Guijun
The data set include crop leaf chlorophyll content observed at four sample regions, that is the soil moisture control experimental field at Daman county, and the EC plots, the super station, and Shiqiao sample plots at Wuxing village in Zhangye city. 1) Objective Crop leaf chlorophyll content, a key biophysical parameter, was observed as model parameter or a priori knowledge for canopy radiative transfer model or eco-hydrological models. 2) Measuring instruments SPAD. 3) Measuring site a. the soil moisture control experimental field at Daman county, Twelve soil water treatments are set. The wheat leaf chlorophyll content for each treatment is measured on 17, 23 and 29 May, and 3, 9, 14 and 24 June, and 5 and 12 July. b. the EC site The maize leaf chlorophyll content at 14 EC site (EC-2,EC-3,EC-5,EC-6,EC-7,EC-8,EC-9, EC-10, EC-11, EC-12, EC-13, EC-14, EC-15, EC-16) are measured on 14, 21, 25 and 31 May, 7, 13, 23 and 28 June, 3, 13, 18 and 23 July, 3, 12 and 28 August. c. the Super Station The maize chlorophyll content at the super station is measured on 22 and 28 May, 5, 11, 18, and 25 June, and 1, 8, 15, 22 and 31 July, 9, 15 and 22 August, and 3 and 11 September. d. the Shiqiao sample site The maize chlorophyll content at the Shiqiao village is measured on 17, 22 and 28 May, 4, 11, 17 and 25 June, 1, 8, 15, 22, and 30 July, 8, 16 and 27 August, and 9 September. 4) Data processing The observational data was recorded in the sheets and reorganized in the EXCEL sheets. The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time.
Xu Fengying, Wang Jing, Huang Yongsheng, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on Jul. 11, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire CCD, MIR and TIR band data. The simultaneous ground data included: (1) Atmospheric parameters in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot from CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for details. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, Rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (2) Radiative temperature of maize, wheat and the bare land (in Yingke oasis maize field), vegetation and the bare land (Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot) by the thermal cameras at a height of 1.2m above the ground. Optical photos of the scene were also taken. Raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001) was archived in IMG format and radiative files are stored in Excel format. . (3) Photosynthesis by LI6400 in Yingke oasis maize field, carried out according to WATER specifications. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format (by notepat.exe) and processed data were in Excel format. (4) Ground object reflectance spectra in Yingke oasis maize field, Huazhaizi maize field, Huazhaizi desert No. 1 and 2 plots, by ASD FieldSpec (350～2500 nm) from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (IRSA), CAS. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance were in .txt format. (5) The radiative temperature in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by the handheld infrared thermometer (BNU and IRSA). Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data (in Excel format) were all archived. (6) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in Excel format. (7) The radiative temperature of the maize canopy by the automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 0.95) mearsued at nadir with an time intervals of 1s in Huazhaizi desert maize field. Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived as Excel files. (8) Maize albedo from two shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format.
REN Huazhong, WANG Tianxing, YAN Guangkuo, LI Li, LI Hua, LIU Sihan, XIA Chuanfu, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, YANG Guijun, LI Xiaoyu, CHENG Zhanhui, Liu Liangyun
The dataset of spectral reflectance measurements was obtained in the A'rou foci experimental area on Mar. 12, 2008. The land was covered with snow 10cm deep. Observed objects included snow, sandstone, grass and ice. The data were archived in the ASCII format, with the first five rows as the file header and the following two columns as wavelength (nm) and reflectance (percentage) respectively, and can be opened by .txt or wordpad. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro).
PENG Danqing, ZHENG Yue
The dataset of spectral reflectance of canopy leafs observed by the integrating sphere was obtained by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) and integrating spheres from BNU and the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter), in the Linze station foci experimental area. Maize quadrate, the desert green quadrate and withered scrub quadrate in Linze station (on May 28, 30, Jun. 19, 30 and Jul. 9), Wulidun farmland quadrates (on Jun. 24, 29 and Jul. 11) and the desert strips were measured. According to the fact that the ratio of the two DN values equals that of their reflectivity, the reflectivity and the tranmittivity can be calculated with the caliberation coefficient, reflection DN of the observed objects and reference plates. The reflectivity and the tranmittivity of interior vegetation leaves can be got by the integrating spheres. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance and transmittivity were archived as text files (.txt).
LI Jing, Li Xiangyun, Qu Yonghua, SUN Qingsong, XIAO Zhiqiang, YU Yingjie, LIU Sihan, BAI Yanfen, WANG Yang, CHEN Shaohui, JIANG Hao, LI Shihua
The dataset of diurnal change of FPAR observations was obtained by the quantum meter in the Linze grassland foci experimental area. Incident and reflected radiation of canopy, and land surface in reed, saline grass, alfalfa, cumin and barley were measured and diurnal changes of PAR and Fpar were also acquired. Observations were carried out: In plot E (barley) and cumin field on Jun. 6, 2008; plot D (alfalfa) and plot E on Jun. 11; plot D and E on Jun. 15; plot E on Jun. 16; plot A (reed) on Jun. 20; plot B (saline) on Jun. 22; plot D and E on Jun. 23; plot B (saline) on Jun. 24; plot A and plot E on Jun. 29. 14 Excel files, one Word and one .TXT were archived. See Water: The dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze grassland foci experimental area for more information.
CAO Yongpan, CHAO Zhenhua, GE Chunmei, HU Xiaoli, HUANG Chunlin, LIANG Ji, NIAN Yanyun, WANG Shuguo, WANG Xufeng, WU Yueru, LI Xiaoyu
The dataset is Lai data of ground sample points in Heihe River Basin, collected by LAI-2000 canopy analyzer. The collection area is located in Zhangye rural demonstration base, Ejina Banner, Jiuquan Satellite Center (2011) and other areas. The main measured vegetation is corn. The Lai value of maize was obtained by using lai2000, and the observation was repeated twice in the mode of one up four down. Cd202 was used to obtain the leaf area of each leaf of maize plant, and three maize plants were collected.
FAN Wenjie
In July and mid August 2012, plant species: Caragana. Using Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system (li-cor, USA) and li-3100 leaf area meter, the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of desert plants were observed. The symbols in the observation data have the following meanings: Obs, number of observations;Photo, net photosynthetic rate, moles of CO2 times m minus 2 times s minus 1; Cond, stomatal conductance, mol H2O•m -- 2•s -- 1;Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration, moles of CO2 times mol-1; Trmmol, transpiration rate, mmol H2O•m -- 2•s -- 1;Vpdl, water vapor pressure deficit, kPa; Area, leaf Area, cm2;Tair, atmospheric temperature, ℃; Tleaf, leaf surface temperature, ℃;CO2R, CO2 concentration in the reference chamber, moles of CO2•mol-1; CO2S, sample chamber CO2 concentration, moles of CO2•mol-1;H2OR, water in the reference chamber, mmol H2O•mol-1; H2OS, sample chamber moisture, mmol H2O•mol-1;PARo, photon flux density, mole •m -- 2•s -- 1; Rh-r, reference room air relative humidity, %;Rh-s, relative humidity of air in sample room, %; PARi, photosynthetic effective radiation, moles •m -- 2•s -- 1;Press, atmospheric pressure, kPa; Others are the state parameters of the instrument at the time of measurement.
SU Peixi
The dataset of BRDF observations was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area from May 25 to Jul. 11, 2008. Spectrum of the maize field quadrate and desert scrub quadrate in Wulidun farmland (May 25, 28, 30, Jun. 29 and Jul. 11), the desert transit zone strip (May 28 and 30) and Linze station quadrates (Jun. 25, 30 and Jul. 9) was measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter), two observation platforms of BNU make and one of Institute of Remote Sensing Applications make. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance and transmittivity were archived as text files (.txt). See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
LI Jing, Li Xiangyun, Qu Yonghua, SUN Qingsong, XIAO Zhiqiang, YU Yingjie, LIU Sihan, BAI Yanfen, WANG Yang, CHEN Shaohui, JIANG Hao, LI Shihua
The survey data of vegetation quadrat in the middle reaches of Heihe River consists of the field survey data in 2013 and 2014, including the vegetation and soil data of the survey quadrat. The data of each survey sample includes the following information: sample longitude and latitude, sample size, elevation, sample overview, plant name, plant height, crown width, coverage, total coverage, number of trees, plant spacing, row spacing, large row spacing, DBH. The soil is divided into 6 layers according to 0-100cm below the ground, which are 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm and 80-100cm respectively.
WANG Zifeng, XU Zongxue, ZHANG Shurong
The data set include crop height observed at four sample regions, that is the soil moisture control experimental field at Daman county, and the EC plots, the super station, and Shiqiao sample plots at Wuxing village in Zhangye city. 1) Objective Crop height, a key biophysical parameter, was observed for evapotranspiration estimation in regional scale and the retrieval of other biophysical parameters as well as the application in eco-hydrological models. 2) Measurement instrument: Steel tape. 3) Measurement site a. the soil moisture control experimental field at Daman county, Twelve soil water treatments are set. The wheat height are measured on 17, 23 and 29 May, and 3, 9, 14 and 24 June, and 5 and 12 July. b. the EC site Maize height at 14 EC site (EC-2,EC-3,EC-5,EC-6,EC-7,EC-8,EC-9, EC-10, EC-11, EC-12, EC-13, EC-14, EC-15, EC-16) are measured on 14, 21, 25 and 31 May, 7, 13, 23 and 28 June, 3, 13, 18 and 23 July, 3, 12 and 28 August. c. the super station Maize height at the super station is measured on 22 and 28 May, 5, 11, 18, and 25 June, and 1, 8, 15, 22 and 31 July, 9, 15 and 22 August, and 3 and 11 September. d. the Shiqiao sample site Maize height at the Shiqiao village is measured on 17, 22 and 28 May, 4, 11, 17 and 25 June, 1, 8, 15, 22, and 30 July, 8, 16 and 27 August, and 9 September. 4) Data processing The observational data was recorded in the sheets and reorganized in the EXCEL sheets. The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time.
Wang Jing, Xu Fengying, Huang Yongsheng, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with PROBA CHRIS was obtained in 21 quadrates of the Biandukou foci experimental area on Jul. 18, 2008. Observation items included: (1) GPS by GARMIN GPS 76; (2) species by manual cognition; (3) the plant number by manual work, (4) the height by the measuring tape repeated 4-5 times, (5) the chlorophyll content by SPAD 502; (6) the coverage by manual work; (7) photo taking by Nikon D80 with a lens of Sigma 8mm F3.5 EX DG CIRCULAR FISHEYE, shooting straight downwards at the height of 1.5m; original photos were in JPG format and the processed data in Excel format. (8) the biomass (samples over 0.5m×0.5m) by wet weight and dry weight; as Excel files.
CAO Yongpan, LI Hongxing, LIU Chao, MA Mingguo, RAN Youhua, WANG Yang
The dataset of diurnal FPAR change observations was obtained in the Yingke oasis foci experimental areas. Observation items included: (1) Maize canopy reflectance spectra by ASD and 50% grey board, leaf SPAD by the chlorophyll meter and leaf photosynthesis by LI-6400 in Yingke oasis maize field on Jul. 5, 2008 (fixed point observations from 10:00-20:00 at intervals of one hour, and half an hour from 16:00) Besides, Photo: photosynthetic rate (µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), Cond: stomatal conductance (mol H2O m-2 s-1), Ci: intercellular CO2 viscosity (µmol CO2 mol-1), Trmmol: transpiration rate (mmol H2O m-2 s-1), VpdL: vapor pressure deficiency of leaves (kPa), Tleaf: leaf temperature (°C), ParIn_µm: active radiation of interior photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1), and ParOutµm: active radiation of outdoor photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1) were all archived. (2) Maize canopy reflectance spectra, leaf photosynthesis and diurnal FPAR change by ASD (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications), 50% grey board (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications), LI-6400 (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications) and SUNSCAN (Beijing academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences). Based on calibration lamp data (serial number: 64831), radiance spectrum on Jul. 9 by 1050 spectrometer (Beijing academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences) and 50% grey board and 99% white board calibration data, the spectrum data were preprocessed. Calibration was undertaken in accordance with the following precedures: a) The original DN was converted into radiance and further into readable EXCEL format by the spectrometer-matched calibration lamp data and ASD. b) Solar radiance was got by 99% white board radiance. solar radiance=the reference board radiance/the reference board reflectance. c) Spectrum from Agriculture and Forestry Sciences was sampled at an interval of 1.438nm, which was made into data at 1nm intervals by segmentation interpolation. d) Based on b=16.087a (where a is radiance before fitting and b after fitting), radiance data got by 68731 spectrograph were processed. The original maize leaf photosynthesis data (by LI-6400) were introduced into EXCEL format, diurnal changes of each leaf were archived as one single unit according to leaf classification. Maize FPAR (the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation) was got by FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR= FPAR×canopy PAR. The unit for PAR was µmol m-2 s-1. The data included number (the whole leaf), observation time (hh:mm:ss), upper light (µmol m-2 s-1), upper reflectivity (µmol m-2 s-1), lower light (µmol m-2 s-1), lower reflectivity (µmol m-2 s-1) and Spread: variation coefficients of the probe optical intensity.
WANG Dacheng, YANG Guijun, CHENG Zhanhui, Liu Liangyun
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with PROBA CHRIS was obtained in No. 2 and 3 quadrates of the A'rou foci experimental area on Jun. 23, 2008. Observation items included: (1) quadrates investigation including GPS by GARMIN GPS 76, plant species by manual cognition, the plant number by manual work, the height by the measuring tape repeated 4-5 times, phenology by manual work, the coverage by manual work (compartmentalizing 0.5m×0.5m into 100 to see the percentage the stellera takes) and the chlorophyll content by SPAD 502. Data were archived in Excel format. (2) roughness by the self-made roughness board and the camera. The processed data were archived as .txt files. (3) BRDF by ASD FieldSpec (350～2 500 nm), with 20% reference board and the observation platform made by Beijing Normal University. The processed reflectance and transmittivity were archived as .txt files. (4) LAI of stellera and pasture by the fisheye camera (CANON EOS40D with a lens of EF15/28), shooting straight downwards, with exceptions of higher plants, which were shot upwards. Data included original photos (.JPG) and those processed by can_eye5.0 (in Excel). For more details, see Readme file. Five files were included, spectrum in No.2 quadrate, multiangle observations in No.2 and 3 quadrates, roughness photos in No.2 and 3 quadrates, the fisheye camera observations, and the No.2 and 3 quadrates investigation.
CAO Yongpan, DING Songchuang, HAO Xiaohua, DONG Jian, Qu Yonghua, YU Yingjie
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area on May 30, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire CCD, MIR and TIR band data. The simultaneous ground data included: (1) soil moisture (0-5cm) measured nine times by the cutting ring method (50cm^3) along LY07 and LY08 quadrates, and once by the cutting ring method and once by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer in the six points of Wulidun farmland quadrates. The preprocessed soil volumetric moisture data were archived as Excel files. (2) surface radiative temperature measured by two handheld infrared thermometer (5# and 6# from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute which were both calibrated) in the LY07 and LY08 quadrates (98 sample points and repeated three times) and the Wulidun farmland quadrates (various points and repeated three times). Data were archived as Excel files. (3) spectrum of maize, soil and soil with known moisture measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU,and the 40% reference board in Wulidun farmland quadrate and the desert transit zone strips. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance were archived as Excel files. (4) maize BRDF measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, the 40% reference board, two observation platforms of BNU make and one of Institute of Remote Sensing Applications make in Wulidun farmland quadrate and the desert transit zone strips. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files , which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance and transmittivity (read by ViewSpecPro) were archived as text files (.txt). (5) LAI of maize, poplar and the desert scrub measured by the fisheye camera (CANON EOS40D with a lens of EF15/28), shooting straight downwards, with exceptions of higher plants, which were shot upwards in Wulidun farmland quadrate I, the desert transit zone and the poplar forest. Data included original photos (.JPG) and those processed by can_eye5.0 (in excel). (6) LAI measured by the ruler and the set square in D and H quadrates of the Wulidun farmland. Part of the samples were also measured by LI-3100 and compared with those by manual work for further correction. Data were archived as Excel files. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
LI Jing, Li Xiangyun, Qu Yonghua, SUN Qingsong, GAO Song, HAO Xiaohua, PAN Xiaoduo, Qian Jinbo, SONG Yi, WANG Yang, ZHU Shijie, GONG Hao, ZHU Man
The data set contains the data of thermal diffusion fluid flow meter in the hydrometeorological observation network from January 1 to December 31, 2015. The study area is located in huyang forest, ejin banner, alxa league, lower reaches of heihe, Inner Mongolia autonomous region.According to the different height and diameter at breast height of iminqak, choose install Thermal diffusion flow meter sample tree (Thermal Dissipation SAP flow velocity Probe, TDP), domestic TDP pin type Thermal diffusion plant flow meter, model for TDP30.The TDP1 point and TDP2 point of sample plots were set in the vicinity of mixed forest station and populus populus station, respectively.Sample tree height from high to low in turn for TDP2 (16.4 meters, 18.3 meters, 16.9 meters), TDP1 (12.5 meters, 13 meters, 14 meters), diameter at breast height order from large to small is TDP1 (48 cm, 41.6 cm, 46.6 cm), TDP2 (33.8 cm, 38.5 cm, 42.3 cm), density of TDP1 respectively (0.0158 per square meter) tree, TDP2 (0.0116 per square meter), to represent the whole area of populus euphratica transpiration measurement.Two sets of probes are installed in each sample tree, with a height of 1.3 meters and a direction of east and west of the sample tree. The original observation data of TDP is the temperature difference between the probes, and the collection frequency is 10s, with an average output of 10 minutes.The published data are calculated and processed trunk flow data, including flow rate V (cm/h), flux Fs (cm3/h) and daily transpiration Q (mm/d) per 10 minutes.Firstly, the liquid flow rate and liquid flux were calculated according to the temperature difference between the probes, and then the transpiration Q per unit area of the forest zone was calculated according to the area of Euphrates poplar forest and the distance between trees at the observation points.At the same time, post-processing was carried out on the calculated rate and flux value :(1) data that obviously exceeded the physical significance or the instrument range were removed;(2) the missing data is marked with -6999;(3) suspicious data caused by probe fault or other reasons shall be identified in red, and the data confirmed to have problems shall be removed. Please refer to Li et al. (2013) for hydrometeorological network or site information, and Qiao et al. (2015) for observation data processing.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with Envisat ASAR and ALOS PALSAR was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area on May 24, 2008. The data were in AP mode and VV/VH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 11:34 BJT. Observation items included: (1) soil moisture (0-5cm) measured once by cutting ring method at corner points of the 40 subplots of the west-east desert transit zone strip, one time by cutting ring method in nine subplots of the north-south desert transit zone, strip and once by the cutting ring and three times by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer in the center points of nine subplots of Wulidun farmland quadrates . The preprocessed soil volumetric moisture data were archived as Excel files. (2) surface radiative temperature by measured two handheld infrared thermometer (5# and 6# from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute which were both calibrated) in 40 subplots of the west-east desert transit zone strip (repeated 14-30 times each), and nine subplots of the north-south desert transit zone strip (repeated 12-30 times). There are 34 sample points in total and each was repeated three times synchronizing with the airplane. Photos were taken. Data were archived as Excel files. (3) LAI, the plant height and the spacing measured by the ruler and the set square in Wulidun farmland quadrates and Linze station quadrates. Part of the samples were also measured by LI-3100. Data were archived as Excel files. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
BAI Yanfen, DING Songchuang, PAN Xiaoduo, WANG Yang, ZHU Shijie, LI Jing, XIAO Zhiqiang, SUN Jinxia
From May 2008 to July 2008, several synchronous observation quadrats were set up in the intensive observation area of Linze grassland. According to the spatial resolution of transit sensing, a 1.8km × 1.8km quadrat h and five 360m × 360m quadrats a, B, C, D and E are set up within 2km × 2km around Linze grassland station. There are 64 sampling points in sample h, numbered H01 to H64, and the distance between two adjacent points is 250m, mainly for MODIS synchronization. The sample a, B, C, D and e of 360m × 360m contains 49 sample points, the sample spacing is 60m, and the sample number is 01-49 (for example, sample a is a01-a49). The surface type of sample a is Phragmites australis, the surface type of sample B is saline alkali, and there are sparse Phragmites australis. The surface type of sample C is saline alkali, and Phragmites australis is more sparse than that of sample a. the surface type of sample D is alfalfa, and the surface type of sample e is alfalfa The type of table is barley field. A small sample of 120m × 120m is nested in each sample of a, B, C, D and e. the spacing of sample points in the small sample is 30m (see "sample distribution. PDF" in the data folder). Quadrats a, B, C, D, e and their nested small quadrats are mainly for ASAR, PALSAR, aster and airborne OMIS, widas synchronization. In addition, there are 7 microwave synchronous transects with 25 sampling points in each transect. The interval between the transects is 200m, and the interval between the sampling points on the transect is 100m. The No. l3-11 indicates the No. 11 sampling point on the No. 3 transect. PR2 is a 3 grid × 3 grid quadrat, and the distance between sampling points is 30 m. The number is pr11. There are also two PR2 transects, a total of 11 transects. The coordinates of all sample points are in Excel.
WANG Xufeng, WU Lizong, Qu Yonghua, LI Hongxing, ZHOU Hongmin, HUANG Chunlin
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with MODIS was obtained in the Linze grassland foci experimental area on Jun. 2, 2008. Measurements were carried out twice at intervals of 125m in four quadrates (2km×2km), which were H01-H08, H09-H16, H17-H24 and H25-H32 respectively. Simultaneous ground data were mainly the canopy temperature, the half-height temperature, the land surface radiative temperature and the soil temperature (0-5cm) by the probe thermometer. For soil moisture, the soil temperature, soil moisture, the loss tangent, soil conductivity, and the real part and the imaginary part of soil complex permittivity were acquired by the POGO soil sensor, and soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by the cutting ring inNo.1 quadrats (H01-H08), No.2 (H09-H16) and No.3 (H17-H24); and in No.4 quadrat 4 (H25-H32), soil moisture, soil conductivity, the soil temperature, the real part of soil complex permittivity were acquired by WET, soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by the cutting ring. Complementary measurements were carried out on Jun. 3, 2008. The soil temperature, soil moisture, the loss tangent, soil conductivity, the real part and the imaginary part of soil complex permittivity were acquired by the POGO soil sensor, and soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by the cutting ring in H41-H48, H49-H56 and H57-H64; and in H33-H40, soil moisture, soil conductivity, the soil temperature, and the real part of soil complex permittivity were acquired by WET, soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by the cutting ring. Data were archived in Excel format. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area for more information.
CHAO Zhenhua, NIAN Yanyun, WANG Xufeng, LIANG Wenguang
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with MODIS was obtained in the Linze grassland foci experimental area on Jun. 11, 2008. Simultaneous east-west ground measurements on the canopy temperature, the half-height temperature and the surface radiative temperature were carried out by the hand-held infrared thermometer at intervals of 125m in 8 quadrates (2km×2km), No.1 quadrate (H01-H08), No.2 quadrate (H09-H16), No.3 quadrate (H17-H24), No.4 quadrate (H25-H32), No.5 quadrate (H33-H40), No.6 quadrat (H41-H48), No.7 quadrate (H49-H56) and No.8 quadrat (H57-H64). Data were archived in Excel file. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
CHAO Zhenhua, HUANG Chunlin, MA Mingguo, Qian Jinbo, RAN Youhua, WANG Xufeng, FENG Lei, YU Fan
The dataset contains phenological camera observation data collected at the Arou Superstation in the midstream of the Heihe integrated observatory network from June 13 to November 16, 2018. The instrument was developed with data processed by Beijing Normal University. The phenomenon camera integrates data acquisition and data transmission functions. The camera captures high-quality data with a resolution of 1280×720 by looking-downward. The calculation of the greenness index and phenology are following 3 steps: (1) calculate the relative greenness index (GCC, Green Chromatic Coordinate, calculated by GCC=G/(R+G+B)) according to the region of interest, (2) perform gap-filling for the invalid values, filtering and smoothing, and (3) determine the key phenological parameters according to the growth curve fitting (such as the growth season start date, Peak, growth season end, etc.) There are also 3 steps for coverage data processing: (1) select images with less intense illumination, (2) divide the image into vegetation and soil, and (3) calculate the proportion of vegetation pixels in each image in the calculation area. After the time series data is extracted, the original coverage data is smoothed and filtered according to the time window specified by the user, and the filtered result is the final time series coverage. This data set includes relative greenness index (Gcc). Please refer to Liu et al. (2018) for sites information in the Citation section.
Qu Yonghua, XU Ziwei, LI Xin
A land surface temperature observation system was set up in apple orchard near by the No.17 eddy covariance system of the MUlti-Scale Observation experiment on Evapotranspiration over heterogeneous land surfaces 2012 (MUSOEXE-12). This observation site can offer in situ calibration data of apple trees for TASI, WiDAS and L band sensor used in aerospace experiment. Observation Site: This point is located in a large and homogeneous apple orchard in Zhangye Experiment Field, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It’s 4 meters away from southwest of No.17 eddy covariance system, and observation height is 4.55 m. Crown size of observed apple tree is 4 m × 4 m. Underlying surface of observation site is mainly apple trees. The coordinates of this site: 38°50′41.70" N，100°22′11.40" E. Observation Instrument: The observation system consists of one SI-111 infrared radiometers (Campbell, USA) installed vertically downward to apple tree. Observation Time: This site operates from 3 August, 2012 to 27 September, 2012. Observation data laagered by every 1 minute uninterrupted. Output data contained sample data of every 1 minute. Accessory data: Land surface (apple tree) infrared temperature (by SI-111) can be obtained. Dataset is stored in *.dat file, which can be read by Microsoft excel or other text processing software (UltraEdit, et. al). Table heads meaning: Target_C_Avg, apple tree temperature @ 4.55 m (℃); SBT_C_Avg, body temperature of SI-111 sensor (℃). Dataset is stored day by day, named as: data format + site name + interval time + date + time. The detailed information about data item showed in data header introduction in dataset.
MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne microwave radiometers (L&K bands) mission was obtained in the Biandukou foci experimental area on Jul. 4, 2008. Observation items included: (1) the soil temperature by the handheld infrared thermometer from L1 to L8 (1km from one another) in Biandukou and soil moisture by ML2X; nine samples were collected every 200 m along each line (1.6km). (2) 5 quadrates (50cm×50cm) investigations including GPS, the vegetation cover types and the height, the actual numbering, the valve bag numbering, wet weight+the refuse bag (g), dry weight+the envelope (g), the envelope (g) and the photo numbering. The data were archived as Excel files.
CAO Yongpan, LI Hongxing, LIU Chao, MA Mingguo, RAN Youhua, WANG Yang
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with the airborne microwave radiometers (L&K bands) mission was obtained in the Linze grassland foci experimental area on Jul. 4, 2008. Simultaneous ground observations on the land surface radiative temperature, the soil temperature and soil moisture were carried out along sampling stripes of newL1-newL12 (each has five points). At each point, soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by the cutting ring, the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer, the canopy temperature and the land surface temperature by the hand-held infrared thermometer were measured. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
GE Chunmei, HU Xiaoli, HUANG Chunlin, LI Hongxing, WANG Xufeng, ZHU Shijie, Wang Jing
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with Landsat TM was obtained in the A'rou foci experimental area on Jul. 22, 2008. The stellera coverage was mainly measured by photo taking. (1) Stellera coverage was measured by photo taking in 10 quadrates (51m×51m). Each quadrate was divided into 17×17 subsites, with each one spanning a 3×3 m2 plot. Only corner points of each subsite were chosen and 324 photos were taken for each quadrate. Photos were taken by Nikon D80 with a lens of 18-135mm, shooting straight downwards at the height of 1.5m. (2) quadrates investigation including GPS by GARMIN GPS 76, species by manual cognition, the plant number by manual work, the height by the measuring tape repeated 4-5 times, the coverage by manual work (compartmentalizing 0.5m×0.5m into 100 to see the percentage the stellera takes) and the biomass (samples from 0.5m×0.5m) by green weight and dry weight. Data were archived in Excel format. The dataset includes TM images, quadrate coverage investigation photos, GPS positions, coverage files and investigation tables.
CAO Yongpan, LI Hongxing, LIU Chao, MA Mingguo, Qian Jinbo, RAN Youhua
Spectral reflectance observation was carried out for the typical underlying surface and black and white cloth in the low reaches of the Heihe River Basin during the aviation flight experiment in 2014, which will provide basic data set for the preprocessing of the flight data. 1. Observation Instrument PRS-3500 portable spectrometer, with the spectral range is 350-2500 nm, and the reference board. 2. Samples and observation methods The samples including the black and white cloth, the cantaloupe, the Tamarix chinensis, the Populus euphratica, the reeds, the weeds, the Karelinia caspica, the sandy soil, the gobi, the Sophora alopecuroides and so on. Reflectance of the reference board was measure vertically for once and then objective reflectance were measured for five times for each observation objective. 3. Observation time The typical underlying surface vegetation observation was on days of 24 July, 27 July, 31 July, 2014. The black and white cloth simultaneous observation was on 29 July, 2014. 4. Data storage The observation recorded data were stored in excel and the original spectral data were stored in *.sed files derived from the spectrometer, which can be opened by the matched software of the spectrometer or by a txt.
GENG Liying, Li Yimeng
The dataset of forest canopy gap fraction above the rain gauges observed by the camera (PENTAX K100D, 2400×1600) was obtained at the super site (100m×100m, Qinghai spruce) around the Dayekou Guantan forest station from 9:00-10:40 on Jun. 4, 2008. Observation items included the ground-based LiDAR scanning, the total station measuring, DGPS, tally investigation, LAI, canopy spectrum, camera observations of the canopy, soil evapotranspiration, the soil frozen tube observations, surface roughness, precipitation interception, soil moisture and dry-wet weight of the forest component. A subplot (25m×25m) was chosen for precipitation interception observations with different canopy density, and 32 sets of photos were taken 1m above the ground. Through studying those photos, the number and location of rain gauges could be determined; and then the canopy density could also be further developed.
BAI Yunjie, CHE Tao, LI Jiancheng, TAN Junlei, Qu Yonghua, ZHOU Hongmin
This data was compiled by Qiu Baoming, Gao Qianzhao, Peng Qilong, etc. of Lanzhou Desert Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and published by Xi'an map publishing house in 1988 (Qiu Baoming, etc., 1988). The grassland is mainly divided into eleven categories: swamp grassland, low humidity grassland, plain desert grassland, plain semi desert grassland, desert riverside sparse forest shrub grassland, mountain desert grassland, mountain semi desert grassland, mountain grassland grassland, mountain meadow grassland, mountain meadow grassland, mountain shrub meadow grassland and ancillary grassland. Property fields include: Grassland code, type, and subclass.
Chou Baoming, Peng Qilong, Gao Qianzhao
This data is based on the observation of corn in the middle reaches of heihe river irrigated area. The observation instrument is licor-6400 XTR and the site is selected near the HiWATER combined test superstation.The photosynthesis parameters of maize were observed through uncontrolled experiments and controlled experiments (controlling carbon dioxide and light intensity) from June 22, 2012 to August 24, 2012.
LI Yanhui, PENG Hongchun, YANG Bao
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission and Envisat ASAR was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area on Jul. 11, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire CCD, MIR and TIR band data. The data were in AP mode and VV/VH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 11:26 BJT. The simultaneous ground data included the following items: (1) soil moisture (0-5cm) measured once by the cutting ring method at the corner points of the 40 subplots of the west-east desert transit zone strip , once by the cutting ring method in the nine subplots of the north-south desert transit zone, nine times in the LY06 and LY07 strips quadrates,and once by the cutting ring and once by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer in the Wulidun farmland. The preprocessed soil volumetric moisture data were archived as Excel files. (2) the surface radiative temperature measured by three handheld infrared thermometer (5# and 6# from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, and one from Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, which were all calibrated) in LY06 and LY07 strips (49 points and repeated three times), and Wulidun farmland quadrates (various points and repeated three times). Data were archived as Excel files. (3) spectrum of maize, soil and soil with known moisture measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU and the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter) in Wulidun farmland. Raw spectral data were binary files , which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance (by ViewSpecPro) were archived as Excel files. (4) maize BRDF measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter), two observation platforms of BNU make and one of Institute of Remote Sensing Applications make in Wulidun farmland. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance and transmittivity were archived as text files (.txt). (5) LAI measured in the maize quadrate, poplar quadrate and desert scrub quadrate in Wulidun farmland, the desert transit zone strips and the poplar forest quadrate by the fisheye camera (CANON EOS40D with a lens of EF15/28), shooting straight downwards, with exceptions of higher plants, which were shot upwards. Data included original photos (.JPG) and those processed by can_eye5.0 (in excel). (6) LAI of maize measured by LAI2000 in Linze station quadrates and Wulidun farmland quadrates. Data educed from LAI2000 periodically were archived as text files (.txt) and marked with one ID. Raw data (table of word and txt) and processed data (Excel) were included. Besides, observation time, the observation method and the repetition were all archived. (7) LAI measured by the ruler and the set square in B2 and B3 of Linze station quadrates. Data were archived as Excel files. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
YU Yingjie, DING Songchuang, SONG Yi, WANG Yang, YAN Qiaodi, ZHU Shijie, XIE Tingting, JIANG Hao, LI Shihua, LIU Jun
This data includes three parts of data, namely shrub water holding experiment, shrub interception experiment and shrub transpiration experiment data. Shrub water holding experiment: select the two shrub types of Caragana jubata and Potentilla fruticosa, respectively pick the branches and leaves of the two vegetation types, weigh their fresh weight, carry out water holding experiment, measure the saturated weight of branches and leaves, dry weight of branches and leaves, dry weight of branches and leaves after completion, and finally obtain the data of branches, leaves and total water holding capacity. Shrub interception experiment: two shrubs, Caragana jubata and Potentilla fruticosa, were also selected and investigated. 30 rain-bearing cups were respectively arranged under the two shrubs. after each rainfall, penetration rainfall was measured and observed from June 1, 2012 to September 10, 2012. Shrub Transpiration Experiment: Potentilla fruticosa on July 14, Caragana jubata on August 5, Salix gilashanica on August 15, 2012. The measurement is made every hour according to the daily weather conditions.
ZHAO Chuanyan, MA Wenying
The dataset of evapotranspiration observed by the micro-lysimeter (d:25cm; h:24cm) was obtained in the Yingke oasis foci experimental area at 6:30am and 8:00pm from Jun. 14 to Jul. 13, 2008. The weather condition of the day was also recorded. Data were archived as Excel files. Observations on Jun. 25 and 26 discontinued.
GE Yingchun, MA Mingguo, SHU Lele, WANG Jianhua, XU Zhen, SU Gaoli, LIANG Wenguang, YU Fan, Wang Jing, LI Xiaoyu
The dataset of survey at the poplar sampling plot was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area. Observation items included: (1) soil profile moisture and temperature (0-5cm, 0-5cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm) with photos measured twice by the cutting ring method (50cm^3, each layer), once by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer and the probe thermometer (15cm, twice each layer) on Jun. 3, 2008. Data were archived as Excel files. (2) shallow layer soil moisture (0-5cm) measured once by the cutting ring method (50cm^3, once each point) and twice by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer on Jun. 4, 2008. 13 points were selected and data were archived as Excel files. (3) LAI by TRAC on Jul. 20, 2008. Data were archived as Excel files. (4) roughness measured by the roughness plate together with the digital camera. 18 points were selected and data were archived in JPG format format. (5) forest investigation of Populus gansuensis from Jun. 5-13, 2008: coordinates, the diameter at breast height and the crown size by the measuring tape, full height by TruPulse200. 408 trees were selected and data were archived as Excel files. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
BAI Yanfen, DING Songchuang, HAO Xiaohua, PAN Xiaoduo, Qian Jinbo, SONG Yi, WANG Yang, WANG Zhixia, ZHU Shijie
Vegetation index (NDVI) can be used to detect vegetation growth state, vegetation coverage and eliminate some radiation errors. The data set is the NDVI product data synthesized by MODIS in 500 meters and 16 days in the black river basin from 2000 to 2010 after graphic processing, and the no-value zone is -32768.The coordinate system is the longitude and latitude projection, and the spatial range is 96.5E -- 102.5E, 37.5N -- 43N.The data format is GEOTIFF.
WANG Zhongjing
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne imaging spectrometer (OMIS-II) mission was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on Jun. 16, 2008. Observation items included: (1) The radiative temperature by the handheld radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field (from BNU, the vertical canopy observation, the transect observation and the diagonal observation), Yingke oasis wheat field (only for the transect temperature), and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (the NE-SW diagonal observation). Besides, the maize radiative temperature and the physical temperature were also measured both by the handheld radiometer and the probe thermometer in the maize plot of 30m near the resort. The data included raw data (in Word format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (2) Atmospheric parameters in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (3) The radiative temperature of maize, wheat and the bare land in Yingke oasis maize field and Huazhaizi desert maize field by ThermaCAM SC2000 (1.2m above the ground, FOV = 24°×18°), The data included raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (archived in Excel format). (4) The reflectance spectra by ASD through the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation in Yingke oasis maize field (350-2500nm , from BNU), and Huazhaizi desert maize field and Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot (350-2500nm , from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS). The data included raw data (in .doc format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (5) The radiative temperature by the automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 1.0), observing straight downwards at intervals of 1s in Yingke oasis maize field (one from BNU and the other from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications), Huazhaizi desert maize field (only one from BNU for continuous radiative temperature of the maize canopy) and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (two for reaumuria soongorica canopy and the bare land). Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format. (6) Photosynthesis of maize and wheat of Yingke oasis maize field by LI6400, carried out according to WATER specifications. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format (by notepat.exe) and processed data were in Excel format. (7) Soil moisture in Yingke oasis maize field. The sample was fetched by the soil auger and weighed by the scales before and after drying. Data were archived in Excel format. (8) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) of maize and wheat by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in the table format of Word. (9) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format.
CHEN Ling, REN Huazhong, ZHOU Hongmin, CAO Yongpan, SHU Lele, WU Yueru, XU Zhen, LI Li, LIU Sihan, XIA Chuanfu, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, FAN Wenjie, TAO Xin, FENG Lei, LIANG Wenguang, YU Fan, WANG Dacheng, YANG Guijun, LI Xiaoyu, Liu Liangyun
The dataset of crop biochemical parameter measurements was obtained in the maize field (May 25-Jun. 8, 2008) and the wheat field (Jun. 18-Jul. 4, 2008) of Yingke oasis foci experimental area. Observation items included LAI by LAI-2000, the chlorophyll content by SPAD and leaf moisture by the oven and the scales. Four files were included, readme.txt, wheat sample coordinates.xls, wheat.xls for wheat biochemical parameters and Yingke oasis maize field.xls for maize biochemical parameters.
DONG Jingjing, GAO Shuai, WU Mingquan, WU Chaoyang
At the end of September and the beginning of October, 2013, desert plants in typical areas of heihe basin stopped their growth period to conduct year-end ecological survey. There are altogether 8 survey and observation fields, which are: piedmont desert, piedmont gobi, middle reaches desert, middle reaches gobi, middle reaches desert, lower reaches desert, lower reaches gobi and lower reaches desert, with a size of 40m×40m. Three 20m×20m large quadrats were fixed in each observation field, named S1, S2 and S3, and regular shrub surveys were conducted.Each large quadrat was fixed with 4 5m x 5m small quadrats, named A, B, C, D, for the herbal survey.
SU Peixi
In the previous project, three different types of desert investigation and observation sites in the lower reaches of Heihe River were set up. Different kinds of desert plants with the same average growth and size as the observation site were selected for the above ground biomass and underground biomass total root survey. The dry weight was the dry weight at 80 ℃, and the root shoot ratio was the dry weight ratio of the underground biomass to the aboveground biomass. Species: Elaeagnus angustifolia, red sand, black fruit wolfberry, bubble thorn, bitter beans, Peganum, Tamarix and so on.
SU Peixi
The dataset of crop management survey was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on Oct. 29, 30 and 31, 2008. Observation items included the observation date, the information of experimental area, the farming year, test breeds types, the sowing date, seeding quantity, planting density, the harvest date, the yield, the farming date, fertilizer, irrigation, desinsection, the key growth period, GPS, and the crop management. Data were archived in MS Office Word.
DING Songchuang, MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with MODIS was obtained in the Linze grassland foci experimental area on Jun. 10, 2008. Simultaneous east-west ground measurements on the canopy temperature, the half-height temperature and the surface radiative temperature were carried out by the hand-held infrared thermometer at intervals of 125m in 8 quadrates (2km×2km), No.1 quadrat (H01-H08), No.2 quadrat (H09-H16), No.3 quadrat (H17-H24), No.4 quadrat (H25-H32), No.5 quadrat (H33-H40), No.6 quadrat (H41-H48), No.7 quadrat (H49-H56) and No.8 quadrat (H57-H64). Data were archived in Excel file. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
GE Chunmei, HAO Xiaohua, HUANG Chunlin, WANG Xufeng
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with the airborne microwave radiometers (L&K bands) mission was obtained along the sample lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the Linze grassland foci experimental area on Jul. 8, 2008. 25 points at intervals of 100m were selected along each line. Simultaneous with the satellite overpass, numerous ground data were collected, soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density by the cutting ring, the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer, the canopy and the land surface temperature by the hand-held infrared thermometer. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
GE Chunmei, GE Yingchun, HU Xiaoli, HUANG Chunlin, LI Hongxing, WANG Yang, WANG Xufeng, WU Lizong, WU Yueru, ZHU Shijie, YU Fan, LI Xiaoyu
The dataset contains vegetation type and plant structure in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, which was used to validate products from remote sensing. It was generated from investigating the land cover strips of CASI and SASI the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin between 25 June and 6 August in 2012. Instruments: High-precision handheld GPS (2-3 m) and digital camera were used as main tools in the survey. Measurement method: Vegetation range in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin and survey route could be decided with the help of Google Earth. Wuxing village in Xiaoman town was selected to survey detailed and other places were investigated as far to reach as possible. Main methods were to write down the longitude and latitude, phenology of the plant structure, take photos for the vegetation. Dataset contains: longitude and latitude, vegetation type, area and phenology. Observation Place: CASI flight area in artificial oasis in the middle reaches, CASI stripe flight area in the middle reaches and Zhangye district. Date: From 25 June and 6 August in 2012.
Zhang Miao
The data are from 2011 to 2012. A 30m×30m Picea crassifolia canopy interception sample plot was set up in the Picea crassifolia sample plot at an altitude of 2800m m. A siphon raingauge model DSJ2 (Tianjin Meteorological Instrument Factory) was set up on the open land of the river about 50m from the sample plot to observe the rainfall outside the forest and its characteristics. Penetrating rain in the forest adopts a combination of manual observation and automatic observation. Automatic observation is mainly realized through a penetrating rain collection system arranged in the interception sample plot, which consists of a water collecting tank and an automatic recorder. Two 400cm×20cm water collecting tanks are connected with DSJ2 siphon rain gauge, and the change characteristics of penetrating rain under the forest are continuously recorded by an automatic recorder. Due to the spatial variability of the canopy structure of Picea crassifolia forest in the sample plot, a standard rainfall tube for manual observation is also arranged in the sample plot to observe the penetrating rain in the forest. Ninety rainfall tubes with a diameter of 20cm are arranged in the sample plot at intervals of 3m. After each precipitation event ends and the penetrating rain in the forest stops, the amount of water in the rain barrel will be emptied and the penetrating rain in the barrel will be measured with the rain cup.
ZHAO Chuanyan, MA Wenying
Leaf area index, also known as leaf area coefficient, refers to the multiple of the total area of plant leaves in the land area per unit land area. Leaf area index is an important structural parameter of ecosystem, which is used to reflect the number of plant leaves, the change of canopy structure, the life activity of plant community and its environmental effect, to provide structured quantitative information for the description of material and energy exchange on the canopy surface, and to balance the energy of carbon accumulation, vegetation productivity and the interaction between soil, plant and atmosphere, Vegetation remote sensing plays an important role. Plant canopy imager CI - 110 was used to measure the alpine shrub and spruce leaf area index in hulugou watershed. The measurement period is July 22, 2014. It includes the main shrub types and Picea crassifolia forest in hulugou watershed. The data set mainly includes the original data of CI-110 measurement, including image and leaf area analysis image.
LIU Zhangwen, SONG Yaoxuan
The accurate estimation of sapwood area and heartwood area is the main means to convert the transpiration water consumption scale. In October 2011, this project investigated the sapwood and heartwood of 98 Populus euphratica in Ejin Oasis and measured the width of sapwood and heartwood. The relation curve of sapwood area with DBH and height was established. Please refer to LI Wei, SI Jianhua,FENG Qi, YU Teng fei. Response of Transpiration to Water Vapour Pressure Defferential of Populus euphratica. Journal of Desert Research, 2013, 33(5): 1377-1384. for details.
SI Jianhua
Leaf area index (LAI), as a structural parameter of vegetation canopy, is an important input parameter for many inversion models such as energy and biomass inversion model. Firstly, vegetation points and ground points are separated in Terrasolid software. Then the transmittance of laser points is calculated, and the transmittance is the proportion of ground points to all points. After laser pulse hits the canopy, some energy passes through the voids between branches and leaves and continues to move forward until the energy is blocked, so some laser points will finally reach the ground. In this study, the ratio of the energy passing through the avoids to the energy of the canopy is used as the Laser Penetration Index (LPI). The LPI of each sample point at each scale in the study area was calculated.
ZHAO Chuanyan, MA Wenying
The experimental data of Yingke Daman in Heihe River Basin is supported by the key fund project of Heihe River plan, "eco hydrological effect of agricultural water saving in Heihe River Basin and multi-scale water use efficiency evaluation". Including: soil bulk density, soil water content, soil texture, corn sample biomass, cross-section flow, etc Data Description: 1. Sampling location of Lai and aboveground biomass: Yingke irrigation district; sampling time: May 2012 to September 2012; Lai and aboveground biomass of maize were measured by canopy analyzer (lp-80), and aboveground biomass was measured by sampling drying method; sample number: 16. 2. Soil texture: Sampling location: Yingke irrigation district and Shiqiao Wudou Er Nongqu farmland in Yingke irrigation district; soil sampling depth is 140 cm, sampling levels are 0-20 cm every 10 cm, 20-80 cm every 20 cm, 80-140 cm every 30 cm; sampling time: 2012; measurement method: laboratory laser particle size analyzer; sample number: 38. 3. Soil bulk density: Sampling location: Yingke irrigation district and Daman irrigation district; sampling depth of soil bulk density is 100 cm, sampling levels are 0-50 cm and 50-100 cm respectively; sampling time: 2012; measurement method: ring knife method; number of sample points: 34. 4. Soil moisture content: this data is part of the monitoring content of hydrological elements in Yingke irrigation district. The specific sampling location is: Shiqiao Wudou Er Nongqu farmland in Yingke Irrigation District, planting corn for seed production; soil moisture sampling depth is 140 cm, sampling levels are 0-20 cm every 10 cm, 20-80 cm every 20 cm, 80-140 cm every 30 cm Methods: soil drying method and TDR measurement; sample number: 17. 5. Cross section flow: Sampling location: the farmland of Wudou Er Nong canal in Shiqiao, Yingke irrigation district; measure the flow velocity, water level and water temperature of different canal system sections during each irrigation, record the time and calculated flow, monitor once every 3 hours until the end of irrigation; sampling time: 2012.5-2012.9; measurement method: Doppler ultrasonic flow velocity meter (hoh-l-01, Measurement times: Yingke irrigation data of four times.
HUANG Guanhua, JIANG Yao
This data is the ASTER fractional vegetation cover in a growth cycle observed in the Yingke Oasis Crop land. Data observations began on May 30, 2012 and ended on September 12. Original data: 1.15m resolution L1B reflectivity product of ASTER 2.Vegetation coverage data set of the artificial oasis experimental area in the middle reaches Data processing: 1.Preprocessing of ASTER reflectance products to obtain ASTER NDVI; 2.Through the NDVI-FVC nonlinear transformation form, the ASTER NDVI and the ground measured FVC are used to obtain the conversion coefficients of NDVI to FVC at different ASTER scales. 3.Apply this coefficient to the ASTER image to obtain a vegetation coverage of 15m resolution; 4.Aggregate 15m resolution ASTER FVC to get 1km ASTER FVC product
HUANG Shuai, MA Mingguo
From June to September 2012, the thermal infrared image data of corn field and hot pepper field of No. 15 super station in the middle reaches of Heihe River were taken about 7 times a day, every two hours. The thermal image is processed by the SmartView software of the thermal imager, the vegetation temperature is distinguished, and the transpiration is calculated by the three temperature model.
QIU Guoyu
This data set is the precipitation characteristic data in the precipitation interception data of alpine shrub in hulugou basin in the upper reaches of Heihe River in 2012. The observation date is from October 2, 2011 to September 24, 2012. The observation contents include precipitation, precipitation duration, precipitation intensity and frequency of throughfall. The observation data are recorded by self recording rain gauge and artificial rain gauge.
SONG Yaoxuan, LIU Zhangwen
一. Data overview This data interchange is the second data interchange of "genomics research on drought tolerance mechanism of typical desert plants in heihe basin", a key project of the major research program of "integrated research on eco-hydrological processes in heihe basin".The main research goal of this project is a typical desert sand Holly plants as materials, using the current international advanced a new generation of gene sequencing technology to the whole genome sequence and gene transcription of Holly group sequence decoding, so as to explore related to drought resistance gene and gene groups, and transgenic technology in model plants such as arabidopsis and rice) verify its drought resistance. 二, data content 1.Sequencing of the genome and transcriptome of lycophylla SPP. The genome size of Mongolian Holly was about 926 Mb, GC content 36.88%, repeat sequence proportion 66%, genome heterozygosity rate 0.56%, which indicated that the genome has many repeat sequences, high heterozygosity and belongs to a complex genome.Based on the predicted sequence results, we subsequently carried out in-depth sequencing of the genome of lysiopsis SPP. The obtained data were assembled to obtain a 937 Mb genome sequence (table 1), which was basically the same as the predicted genome size.Through to the sand Holly transcriptome sequencing and sequence assembly (table 2), received more than 77000 genes coding sequence (Unigene), these sequences are comments found that most of the gene sequence and legumes and soybean, garbanzo beans and bean has a higher similarity (figure 1), consistent with the fact of sand ilex leguminous plants. 一), and the sand Holly is a leguminous plants consistent with the fact. 2.Discovery of simple repeat sequence (SSR) molecular markers of sand Holly: There is a transcriptome data set of sand Holly in the network public database, and the sample collection site is zhongwei city, ningxia.But this is the location of the project team samples in minqin county, gansu province, in order to study whether this sand in different areas of the Holly sequence has sequence polymorphism, we first identify the minqin county plant samples in the genomes of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (table 3), and then, compares the transcriptome sequences of plant sample, found in part of SSR molecular marker polymorphism (table 4), these molecular markers could be used for the species of plant genetic map construction, QTL mapping and genetic diversity analysis in the study. 三, data processing instructions Sample collection place: minqin county, gansu province, latitude and longitude: N38 ° 34 '25.93 "E103 ° 08' 36.77".Genome sequencing: a total of 8 genomic DNA libraries of different sizes were constructed and determined by Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument.Transcriptome sequencing: a library of 24 transcriptome mrnas was constructed and determined by Illumina HiSeq 4000. 四, the use of data and meaning We selected a typical desert plant as the research object, from the Angle of genomics, parse the desert plant genome and transcriptome sequences, excavated its precious drought-resistant gene resources, and to study their drought resistance mechanism of favorable sand Holly this ancient and important to the utilization of plant resources, as well as the heihe river basin of drought-resistant plant genetic breeding, ecological restoration and sustainable development.
HE Junxian, FENG Lei
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