This dataset includes data recorded by the Hydrometeorological observation network obtained from an observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of A’rou Superstation between 14 October, 2012, and 31 December, 2013. The site (100.464° E, 38.047° N) was located on a cold grassland surface in the Caodaban village, A’rou Town, Qilian County, Qinghai Province. The elevation is 3033 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (HMP45C; 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 25 m, towards north), wind speed profile (010C; 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 25 m, towards north), wind direction profile (020C; 2 m, towards north), air pressure (CS100; 2 m), rain gauge (TE525M; 5 m, towards south), four-component radiometer (CNR4; 5 m, towards south), two infrared temperature sensors (SI-111; 5 m, towards south, vertically downward), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR-LITE; 5 m, towards south, vertically upward), soil heat flux (HFP01SC; 3 duplicates, -0.06 m, 2 m in the south of tower), a TCAV averaging soil thermocouple probe (TCAV; -0.02, -0.04 m, 2 m in the south of tower), soil temperature profile (109; 0, -0.02, -0.04, -0.06, -0.1, -0.15, -0.2, -0.3, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.2, -1.6, -2, -2.4, -2.8 and -3.2 m, 3 duplicates in -0.04 m and -0.1 m), and soil moisture profile (CS616; -0.02, -0.04, -0.06, -0.1, -0.15, -0.2, -0.3, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.2, -1.6, -2, -2.4, -2.8 and -3.2 m, 3 duplicates in -0.04 m and -0.1 m). The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_1 m, Ta_2 m, Ta_5 m, Ta_10 m, Ta_15 m and Ta_25 m; RH_1 m, RH_2 m, RH_5 m, RH_10 m, RH_15 m and RH_25 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_1 m, Ws_2 m, Ws_5 m, Ws_10 m, Ws_15 m and Ws_25 m) (m/s), wind direction (WD_2 m) (°), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IRT_2) (℃), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (μmol/(s m-2)), average soil temperature (TCAV, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2 and Gs_3) (W/m2), soil temperature (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm_1, Ts_4 cm_2, Ts_4 cm_3, Ts_6 cm, Ts_10 cm_1, Ts_10 cm_2, Ts_10 cm_3, Ts_15 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_30 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_60 cm, Ts_80 cm, Ts_120 cm, Ts_160 cm, Ts_200 cm, Ts_240 cm, Ts_280 cm and Ts_320 cm) (℃), and soil moisture (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm_1, Ms_4 cm_2, Ms_4 cm_3, Ms_6 cm, Ms_10 cm_1, Ms_10 cm_2, Ms_10 cm_3, Ms_15 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_30 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_60 cm, Ms_80 cm, Ms_120 cm, Ms_160 cm, Ms_200 cm, Ms_240 cm, Ms_280 cm and Ms_320 cm) (%, volumetric water content). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day (The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 30 min before 4 December, 2012 for a total of 48 records per day). The average soil temperature, soil heat flux, soil temperature and soil moisture were missing during 30 November, 2012 and 8 December, 2012, 21 April, 2013 and 31 May, 2013 because of insufficient power supply; Wind speed in 2 m and 5 m were missing during 28 December, 2012 and 28 March, 2012 because of datalogger repairing. The missing data were denoted by -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2013-6-10 10:30. (6) the naming rule is: AWS+ site name. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Liu et al.(2018), and for observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al.(2011).
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, ZHANG Yang, TAN Junlei
On 26 July 2012, a Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner (WIDAS) carried by the Y-12 aircraft was used in a visible near Infrared thermal Dual-mode airborne remote sensing experiment, which is located in the artificial oasis eco-hydrology experimental area (5×5 km). WIDAS includes an CCD cameras with spatial resolution 0.2 m, a visible near Infrared multispectral camera with five bands scanner (an maximum observation angle 48° and spatial resolution 1 m), and a thermal image camera with spatial resolution 4.8 m. The CCD camera data are recorded in DN values processed by mosaic and orthorectification. The multispectral camera data are recorded in reflectance processed by atmospheric and geometric correction. Thermal image camera data are recorded in radiation brightness temperature processed by atmospheric and geometric correction.
XIAO Qing, Wen Jianguang
The data set includes the observation data of river water level and velocity at NO.5 point in the dense runoff observation of the middle reaches of Heihe River from January 1 to April 30, 2014 and from July 18 to July 26, 2014,. The observation point is located in Heihe bridge, Banqiao Township, Linze County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The riverbed is sandy gravel with unstable section. The longitude and latitude of the observation point are n39 ° 15'32.41 ", E100 ° 16'33.95", with an altitude of 1398 meters and a channel width of 270 meters. In 2014, the water level was observed by sr50 ultrasonic distance meter with acquisition frequency of 30 minutes. During the observation period, the instrument failure was returned to the factory for maintenance, and the failure was not eliminated after later installation.
HE Xiaobo, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
The dataset focuses on the distribution of sampling plots and stripes in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas. (1) YKLZYMD-the maize field plot (180m×180m) at Yingke Weather Station It matches No. 10 flight route. Five subplots were selected, including three maize subplots and 2 wheat subplots. The maize subplots, labeled as YKLZYMD01, YKLZYMD02 and YKLZYMD03, were planted in different directions with a ridge sturctrue, which was composed of single row of maizes and bare soils. The distance of adjacent maize rows, as well as the width of bare soil was 0.5m . YKLZYMD05 (2.46m×1m, along the ridge) was located in the northwest of the plot and interplanted with wheat and soy bean. YKLZYMDD06 was exclusively wheat, and 10 rows (1.5m) vertical to the ridge and 1m along the ridge were measured. This is a key experimental area for canopy spectrum, component reflectance spectra, BRDF, albedo, the photosynthetic rate, FPAR, structural parameters, vegetation coverage, the radiative temperature, surface emissivity, atmospheric parameters and soil moisture. (2) YKXMD-Yingke wheat plot (180m×170m) It matches No. 11 flight route. Wheat and maize were interplanted. Three subplots with the same size (3.4m * 3.4m) were selected for the measurement of vegetaion structural parameters, BRDF, the radiative temperature, vegetation coverage and soil moisture. (3) HZZHMZYMD-Huazhaizi maize plot (240m×240m) It is located between No. 9 and No. 10 flight routes. The maize seed dominates, and wheat, alfalfa and tomatoes were planted. 4 maize subplots and one wheat subplot were chosen to collect the canopy temperature, spectrum, structural parameters and vegetation coverage. (4) HZZHMYD1-Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot (240m×240m) It is located within No. 4 flight route. 3 subplots (30m×30m) were chosen for reflectance spectra, BRDF, vegetation coverage, emissivity, the radiative temperature, soil moisture, atmospheric parameters by sunphotometer CE318 and surface roughness. In cooperation with experiments in Huazhaizi desert plots and Yingke weather station, simultaneous airborne multiangular thermal infrared camera&CCD-ground observations, simultaneous airborne hyperspectral imager (OMIS)-ground observations, simultaneous OMIS/TM/ASTER/Hyperion/CHRIS/ASAR-ground observations were all accomplished. (5) HZZHMYD2-Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot It matches No. 5 flight route. Three subplots (10m×10m) for coverage and the radiative temperature and one (30m×30m) for simultaneous temperature and spectrum were chosen. (6) HZZHMYD3-Huazhaizi desert No. 3 plot (30m×30m) It is an intensive plot without simultaneous airporne or spaceborne measurement. (7) DJCYMYD-the maize field at the resort It is an intensive plot (30m×30m) with the maize seeds, mainly for the measurement of radiative temperature and soil moisture. (8) DJCDMD-the barley field at the resort It is mainly for radiative temperature data. (9) DJCDBC-the calibration field at the resort It is located at the ICBC resort. The reflectance spectra of the basketball court, the pool and the vegetation were collected used for radiative calibration of CCD camera in visible and near infrared spectra range. The dataset also includes geographic infomation of each sample point.
REN Huazhong, YAN Guangkuo, XIN Xiaozhou, Liu Qiang, WANG Jianhua
The evapotranspiration and soil evapotranspiration of lycium rubra and red sand of small shrubs in typical desert weather were observed by using infrared gas analyzer to measure water vapor flux. The measurement system consists of li-8100 closed-circuit automatic measurement of soil carbon flux (li-cor, USA) and an assimilation box designed and manufactured by Beijing ligotai technology co., LTD. Li-8100 is an instrument produced by li-cor for soil carbon flux measurement. It USES an infrared gas analyzer to measure the concentration of CO2 and H2O.The length, width and height of the assimilation box are all 50cm.The assimilation box is controlled by li-8100. After setting up the measurement parameters, the instrument can run automatically.
SU Peixi
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne microwave radiometers (L&K bands) mission was obtained in the Biandukou foci experimental area on May 25, 2008. Observation items included: (1) the soil temperature in L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7; (2) roughness measured by the roughness grid board and collected by the digital camera. Files with "result" field were processed data, in which the first row was RMS height (cm; one value), the second row was distance (cm), and the third row was correlation function (cm; changed into correlation length when it is 1/e). (3) GPR and TDR data. Five files were included, roughness photos and preprocessed data, the soil temperature, coordinates of quadrates and sampling lines, GPR and microwave radiometer data. All were archived as Excel and .txt files. Those provide reliable ground data for development and validation of soil moisture and freeze/thaw algorithms from active remote sensing approaches.
BAI Yunjie, CAO Yongpan, CHE Tao, DU Ziqiang, HAO Xiaohua, WANG Zhixia, WU Yueru, CHAI Yuan, CHANG Sheng, QIAN Yonggang, SUN Xiaoqing, WANG Jindi, YAO Dongping, ZHAO Shaojie, ZHENG Yue, ZHAO Yingshi, LI Xiaoyu, PATRICK Klenk, HUANG Bo, LI Shihua, LUO Zhen
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with Landsat TM was obtained in the Linze grassland and Linze station foci experimental area on Sep. 23, 2007 during the pre-observation periods, and one scene was captured well. These data can provide reliable ground data for retrieval and validation of land surface temperatures with EO-1 Hyperion remote sensing approaches. Observation items included: (1) the land surface radiative temperature by the hand-held infrared thermometer, which was calibrated; (2) GPS by GARMIN GPS 76; (3) atmospheric parameters at Daman Water Management office measured by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. These data include the raw data in .k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin software. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel contain optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (4) ground-based land surface temperature measurements by the thermal imager in the Heihe gobi, west of Zhangye city.
CHE Tao, BAI Yunjie, DING Songchuang, GAO Song, HAN Xujun, HAO Xiaohua, LI Hongyi, LI Xin, LI Zhe, LIANG Ji, PAN Xiaoduo, QIN Chun, RAN Youhua, WANG Xufeng, WU Yueru, YAN Qiaodi, ZHANG Lingmei, FANG Li, LI Hua, Liu Qiang, Wen Jianguang, MA Hongwei, YAN Yeqing, YUAN Xiaolong
This data set includes the continuous observation data set of soil texture, roughness and surface temperature measured by vehicle borne microwave radiometer from November 19 to 20, 2013 in Wuxing village farmland, Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The surface temperature and humidity include four layers of temperature sensor at the soil depth of 1cm, 5cm, 10cm, 20cm, and the observation of soil temperature and soil moisture data at the soil depth of 0-5cm. The time frequency of routine observation of soil temperature and humidity is 5 minutes. Data details: 1. Time: November 19-20, 2013 2. data: Brightness temperature: observed by vehicle mounted multi frequency passive microwave radiometer, including 6.925, 18.7 and 36.5ghz V polarization and H polarization data (10.65ghz band damage) Soil temperature: use sensor installed on dt80 to measure 1cm, 5cm, 10cm, 20cm soil temperature Soil moisture: use h-probe sensor to measure 0-5cm soil moisture, the probe can measure 0-5cm soil temperature at the same time Soil texture: soil samples measured in Beijing Normal University Soil roughness: measured by roughness meter provided by northeast geography 3. Data size: 2.5m 4. Data format:. Xls
ZHAO Shaojie, KOU Xiaokang, YE Qinyu, MA Mingguo
The data set contains the location information and soil systematic type data of typical soil samples from the Heihe River Basin from July 2012 to August 2014. The typical soil sample collection method in the Heihe River Basin is representative sampling, which refers to the typical soil types that can be collected in the landscape area, and collects highly representative samples as much as possible. According to the Chinese soil systematic classification, the soil type of each section is divided based on the diagnostic layer and diagnostic characteristics. The sample points are divided into 8 soil orders: organic soil, anthropogenic soil, Aridisol, halomorphic soil, Gleysol, isohumicsoill , Cambisol, Entisol, and 39 sub-categories.
ZHANG Ganlin,
The population data of Zhangye City from 2001 to 2012 include: annual population density and natural population growth rate, Data source: Statistical Bureau of Zhangye City. Statistical yearbook of Zhangye City. 2001-2012, Department of water resources of Gansu Province. Bulletin of water resources of Gansu Province. 2001-2012. Water Affairs Bureau of Zhangye City. Comprehensive annual report of water resources of Zhangye City, 1999-2011
ZHANG Dawei
According to the sample survey data, in August 2013, 30 forest plots were set up in the Tianlaochi watershed, with a plot size of 10 m×20 m. The long side of the plot was parallel to the slope of the hillside, including 26 blocks of Picea crassifolia forest. 2 blocks of Sabina Przewalsskii forest and 2 mixed forests of Picea and Sabina. In the plot, the diameter of the breast of each tree (the diameter of the trunk at a height of 1.3 m) is measured by a diameter tape, and the height of each tree and the height under the branches (the height of the first live branch at the lower end of the canopy) is measured by a hand-held ultrasonic altimeter. The north-south direction and the east-west crown width are measured with a tape measure, and the sample site is positioned by differential GPS. The parallel version of HASM-AD algorithm is used to simulate the classified LIDAR point cloud data. DEM is generated from ground points, DSM is generated from all points, and the height of surface features is obtained by differential operation between DSM and DEM. In forest area, it is called Canopy Height Model (CHM). A circular window with a given search radius is used to find the local maximum value on CHM. If the central pixel value is the maximum value, it is determined as the crown vertex. The pixel attribute value of the tree vertex is the tree height, and the spatial resolution is 1m.
YUE Tianxiang, WANG Yifu
The data set includes the river level observation data of No. 4 point in the dense runoff observation of the middle reaches of Heihe River from May 20, 2015 to March 11, 2016. The instrument maintenance was completed again on May 20, 2015. The observation point is located in Heihe bridge, Shangbao village, Jing'an Township, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The riverbed is sandy gravel with unstable section. The longitude and latitude of the observation point are n39.065 °, e100.433056 °, 1431m above sea level, and 58m wide river channel. In 2012, hobo pressure type water level gauge was used for water level observation with acquisition frequency of 30 minutes; since 2013, sr50 ultrasonic distance meter was used with acquisition frequency of 30 minutes. On June 25, 2014, the instrument was damaged and re purchased. The record was restarted on May 20, 2015. The data includes the following parts: Water level observation, observation frequency 30 minutes, unit (cm); For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Li et al.(2013), and for observation data processing, please refer to He et al.(2016).
HE Xiaobo, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
This dataset contains the spectra of white cloth and black cloth obtained in the simultaneous time during the airborn remote sensing which supports the airboren data preprocessing as CASI, SASI and TASI , and the spetra of the typical targets in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Instruments: SVC-HR1024 from IRSA, ASD Field Spec 3 from CEODE, Reference board Measurement method: the spectra radiance of the targets are vertically measured by the SVC or ASD; before and after the target, the spectra radiance of the reference board is measured as the reference. This dataset contains the spectra recorded by the SVC-HR1024 ( in the format of .sig which can be opened by the SVC-HR1024 software or by the notepad ) and the ASD (in the format of .asd), the observation log (in the format of word or excel), and the photos of the measured targets. Observation time: 15-6-2012, the spectra of typical targets in the EC matrix using SVC 16-6-2012, the spectra of typical targets in the wetland by SVC 29-6-2012, the spectra of typical vegetation and soil in Daman site and Gobi site by ASD 29-6-2012, the spectra of white cloth and black cloth by ASD which is simultaneous with the airborne CASI data 30-6-2012, the spectra of vegetation and soil in the desert by ASD 5-7-2012, the spectra of white cloth and black cloth by ASD which is simultaneous with the airborne CASI data 7-7-2012, the spectra of corn in the Daman site for the research of daily speral variation. 8-7-2012, the spectra of white cloth and black cloth by ASD which is simultaneous with the airborne CASI data 8-7-2012, the spectra of corn in the Daman site by ASD for the research of daily speral variation 9-7-2012, the spectra of corn in the Daman site by ASD for the research of daily speral variation 10-7-2012, the spectra of corn in the Daman site by ASD for the research of daily speral variation 11-7-2012, the spectra of corn in the Daman site by ASD for the research of daily speral variation. The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time.
XIAO Qing, MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with Landsat TM was obtained in the A'rou foci experimental area from Jul. 10 to Jul. 12, 2008. The stellera and the whin coverage were mainly measured. Photos were taken in No. 2 quadrate of A'rou and an optional stellera land for coverage mesurement from Jul. 10 to 11, shooting straight downwards at the height of 1.5 m. The fisheye camera was Nikon D80 with a lens of Sigma 8mm F3.5 EX DG CIRCULAR FISHEYE. The vegetation height was measured on Jul. 12. One grid of 5m×5m was chosen in each of the eight quadrates (60m×60m or 120m×120m) and compartmentalized into 2.5m×2.5m, in which GPS positions by GARMIN GPS 76, species, the plant number and height were measured. Four files were included, the quadrates coordinates, stellera observations in No. 2 quadrate, the stellera quadrat investigation and TM quadrate investigation.
BAI Yanfen, Qian Jinbo, GAO Song, HAO Xiaohua, SHU Lele
On 26 July 2012, Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner (WIDAS) carried by the Harbin Y-12 aircraft was used in a visible near Infrared thermal Dual-mode airborne remote sensing experiment, which is located in the artificial oasis eco-hydrology experimental area (5×5 km). WIDAS includes a CCD camera with a spatial resolution of 0.2 m, a visible near Infrared multispectral camera with five bands scanner (an maximum observation angle 48° and spatial resolution 1 m), and a thermal image camera with a spatial resolution of 4.8 m. The CCD camera data are recorded in DN values processed by mosaic and orthorectification.
XIAO Qing, Wen Jianguang
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with Envisat ASAR was obtained in No. 1 and 2 quadrates of the E'bao foci experimental area on Oct. 17, 2007 during the pre-observation period The data were in AP mode and VV/VH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 23:04 BJT. Both the quadrates were divided into 3×3 subsites, with each one spanning a 30×30 m2 plot. 25 sampling points were chosen, including centers and corners. Simultaneous with the satellite overpass, numerous ground data were collected, soil volumetric moisture, soil conductivity, the soil temperature, and the real part of soil complex permittivity by the WET soil moisture tachometer; the surface radiative temperature by the hand-held infrared thermometer; soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density by drying soil samples from the cutting ring. Meanwhile, vegetation parameters as height, coverage and water content were also observed. Meanwhile, vegetation parameters as height, coverage and water content were also observed. Those provide reliable ground data for retrieval and verification of soil moisture, soil freeze/thaw status and the microwave radiative transfer model from active remote sensing approaches.
CHAO Zhenhua, CHE Tao, QIN Chun, WU Yueru
The data set contains the flux observation data of large aperture scintillator at areau station upstream of heihe hydrometeorological observation network.Two large aperture scintillation devices of BLS450 and zzlas type were set up in the upstream areau station respectively. The north tower was the receiving end of zzlas and the transmitting end of BLS450, and the south tower was the transmitting end of zzlas and the receiving end of BLS450.The observation time is January 1, 2016, solstice, December 31, 2016.The station is located in the grass daban village, a soft township, qilian county, qinghai province.The latitude and longitude of the north tower is 100.4712e, 38.0568n, and the latitude and longitude of the south tower is 100.4572e, 38.0384 N, with an altitude of about 3033m.The effective height of the large aperture scintillator is 9.5m, the optical diameter length is 2390m, and the sampling frequency is 1min. Large aperture flicker meter raw observation data for 1 min, data released for after processing and quality control of data, including sensible heat flux is mainly combined with the automatic meteorological station observation data, based on similarity theory alonzo mourning - Mr. Hoff is obtained by iterative calculation, the quality control of the main steps include: (1) excluding Cn2 reach saturation data (BLS450: Cn2 > 7.25 e-14, zzlas: Cn2 > 7.84 E - 14).(2) data with weak demodulation signal strength (BLS450: Mininum X Intensity <50) were eliminated;Zzlas: Demod>-20mv);(3) data at the time of precipitation were excluded;(4) data of weak turbulence under stable conditions were excluded (u* < 0.1m/s).In the iterative calculation process, for BLS450, Thiermann and Grassl(1992) stability universal function was selected.For zzlas, select Andreas 1988's stability universal function.Please refer to Liu et al(2011, 2013) for detailed introduction.From October 1 to 12, 2016, due to the small measurement signals of two scintillators, there were many data missing. Several notes on the released data :(1) the upstream LAS data is mainly BLS450, the missing time is supplemented by zzlas observation, and the missing time of both is marked by -6999.(2) data table head: Date/Time: Date/Time (format: yyyy/m/d h:mm), Cn2: structural parameters of air refraction index (unit: m-2/3), H_LAS: sensible heat flux (unit: W/m2).The meaning of data time, such as 0:30 represents the average between 0:00 and 0:30;The data is stored in *.xls format, please refer to the references for details. Please refer to Li et al. (2013) for hydrometeorological network or site information, and Liu et al. (2011) for observation data processing.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, ZHANG Yang, TAN Junlei
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with Envisat ASAR was obtained in No. 2 and 3 quadrates of the A'rou foci experimental area on Mar. 14, 2008. The Envisat ASAR data were in AP mode and VV/VH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 23:21 BJT. The quadrates were divided into 4×4 subsites, with each one spanning a 30×30 m2 plot. Only the corner points of each subsite were chosen for observations. Those provide reliable ground data for retrieval and verification of soil moisture from active remote sensing approaches. In No. 2 quadrate, simultaneous with the satellite overpass, numerous ground data were collected, the soil temperature, soil volumetric moisture, the loss tangent, soil conductivity, and the real part and the imaginary part of soil complex permittivity by the POGO soil sensor, the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer, the surface radiative temperature measured three times by the hand-held infrared thermometer, soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by the cutting ring (100cm^3). In No. 3 quadrate, simultaneous with the satellite overpass, numerous ground data were collected, the soil temperature, soil volumetric moisture, the loss tangent, soil conductivity, and the real part and the imaginary part of soil complex permittivity by the POGO soil sensor, soil volumetric moisture by ML2X, the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer, the surface radiative temperature measured three times by the hand-held infrared thermometer, soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by the cutting ring (100cm^3). Surface roughness was detailed in the "WATER: Surface roughness dataset in the A'rou foci experimental area".
CAO Yongpan, GU Juan, LI Xin, LI Zhe, MA Mingguo, SHU Lele, WANG Jianhua, WANG Xufeng, WU Yueru, ZHU Shijie, CHANG Cun
Taking Landsat series data as the main data source, including KH in 1965 (only including Gurinai and Guaizi Lake), MSS in 1975, TM in 1990, 1995, 2006 and 2010, and ETM in 2000. Before information extraction, remote sensing images are preprocessed by image synthesis, mosaic, fusion, geometric correction and image enhancement. In the process of correction, ETM + image in 2000 is corrected by 1:100000 topographic map and used as reference image. The 4, 3 and 2 band standard pseudocolor synthesis scheme is selected for image synthesis; during correction, 7 × 8 control points are evenly selected on each image, and the average positioning error is less than 1 pixel, that is, the ground distance is less than 30m. In other years, the datum image of 2000 is used as the reference image for image registration, so that the pixels with the same name on different images have the same geographical coordinates. After correction and registration, the whole image maintains the 30 m spatial resolution of TM. Through field correction, the accuracy of qualitative analysis can be ensured to be over 95%.
XIAO Shengchun
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with ALOS PALSAR was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area on Jul. 10, 2008. The ALOS PALSAR data were in FBS mode and HH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 23:39 BJT. Soil moisture (0-5cm) data were measured by the cutting ring method (50cm^3) in LY07 and LY08 quadrates (repeated nine times). The quadrate location information was listed in coordinates.xls and data were archived as Excel files. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
PAN Xiaoduo, SONG Yi
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