The fluctuation of a single lake level is a comprehensive reflection of water balance within the basin, while the regional consistent fluctuations of lake level can indicate the change of regional effective moisture. Previous researches were mainly focused on reconstructing effective moisture by multiproxy analyses of lake sediments, but lacked the quantitative studies on regional effective moisture variation. This dataset exhibits the Holocene effective moisture change in typical lake regions of the Tibetan Plateau and East and Central Asia, including Qinghai Lake, Chen Co, Bangong Co, etc., by constructing a virtual lake system, based on a lake energy balance model, a lake water balance model and a transient climate evolution model. The simulation results provide a new perspective for exploring the evolution of lakes on the millennial scale.
LI Yu
Based on the previous research results, this paper collected the palynological sequence of the plateau strata from the published literature at home and abroad, and selected reliable records, in order to explore the information of human activities in this area. The selection principles are as follows: (1) the palynological sequence time should cover the middle and late Holocene (since 6.0kabp.)（ 2) The time series are expressed quantitatively in calendar year or 14C year time system（ 3) It has high resolution（ 4) According to the above principles, 28 fossil sporopollen sequences are selected in this area. Age correction: some of the 28 sequences are calendar years, and some are carbon 14 dating, so they are corrected to calendar years. Data acquisition: the sequence is quantified, and the sporopollen content and corresponding age of the sequence are read to ensure the validity of the data, The inflection point data is selected first, and the average sporopollen content data of less than 100 years is selected. A total of 568 sporopollen records are obtained from 28 sequences, Abstract and calculate the parasporal pollen records since the middle and late Holocene (6.0 ~ 2.0 Ka B.P.) in the merging cost area. Based on the original parasporal pollen records extracted from 28 stratigraphic fossil sporopollen sequences, the deviation method is used to standardize the sequence, so as to eliminate the dimensional differences between different sporopollen types and compare them, The original data after standardization is converted into standardized values, and then the average value of each record in each partition is calculated, so that it can be combined with the sporopollen records in the cost area, which is called companion index in this paper. It means that the higher the index is, the stronger the intensity of human activity is, and the lower the index is, the weaker it is
HOU Guangliang
The data set contains the magnetism, grain size, geochemical element, chromaticity and organic carbon isotope data of 119 topsoils in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, southern Tibetan Plateau; contains the age, magnetism, grain size, geochemical element, chromaticity and organic carbon isotope data of the five aeolian sedimentary sections in this region; and contains chronological data of 36 aeolian sediments, provenance data of 46 samples from different sediments, and Sr-Nd isotopic data of 21 samples from different sediments. The magnetic susceptibility was measured using a Bartington MS2 metre with a dual-frequency sensor; The anhysteretic remanent magnetization was induced by LDA-5 demagnetizer, and was measured using a JR-6A Minispin magnetometer; The grain size was measured by Malvern Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer; The geochemical element was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer; The chromaticity was measured by CM-700d spectrophotometer; The organic carbon isotope was determined by element analyzer-stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS); Optically stimulated luminescence measurements were conducted using an automated Risø-TL/OSL-DA-20 reader; For the AMS14C and Sr-Nd isotope measurements, please refer to the main body of the scientific research report. The data set is rich in information, authentic and reliable, and provides an important data reference for understanding the physical and chemical properties of surface dust, provenance, and the long-term evolution history of ancient dust in Yarlung Zangbo River basin, southern Tibetan Plateau. Funded project: The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition Program (STEP), Task 6 Topic 2 "Dust aerosol and its climatic and environmental effects" (2019QZKK0602).
XIA Dunsheng, YANG Shengli, YANG Junhuai, WANG Shuyuan, LING Zhiyong, WANG Fei
This data set consists of volcanic ash chronological analysis data in Serbian loess. Volcanic ash chronology is a method to correlate and date geological, PALEOCLIMATOLOGICAL, archaeological and other strata and events by using volcanic ash layer as isochronous marker. Generally, the volcanic ash in sediments is compared through the chemical composition characteristics and characteristic mineral assemblages of minerals, and the age of volcanic ash layer is determined through the calibration of isochronous strata in the region; The age of the volcanic ash layer can also be determined by absolute dating methods such as AR ar. The volcanic ash chronological analysis data include the single mineral chemical composition of 8 layers of volcanic ash samples in different loess sections of Serbia and the AR ar chronological data of diorthite of 1 layer of volcanic ash samples. Among them, the single mineral chemical composition of volcanic ash samples was determined by jeol jxa 8100 electron probe of electron probe and scanning electron microscope laboratory of Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The AR ar chronology data of diorite of volcanic ash samples were determined by helix SFT mass spectrometer of environmental research center of Scottish University Union. This data can provide further age constraints for the Loess in Serbia and is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / Paleoenvironment in southeastern Europe.
HAO Qingzhen
Qujing basin, located in the east of Yunnan Province, is a long and narrow faulted basin with a north-south trend. Thick and continuous Cenozoic sediments are preserved in the basin, which can be divided into Xiaotun Formation, Caijiachong Formation, and Ciying Formation from bottom to top. These sediments are ideal materials to explore the southeast escape and deformation affected by the India-Eurasian plate collision in the early Cenozoic and the formation and evolution history of the Indian monsoon. A total of a 320.1-meter core covering the entire Ciying Formation and the Caijiachong Formation was obtained through the continuous drilling mission carried out in the center of the basin in the previous study. The mass-specific magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) from parts of samples of Caijiachong core (320.1m) have been measured, and several important magnetic parameters were determined, including the high and low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χlf), SIRM and ARM, thus providing important basic information for further mult-index climate reconstruction.
YAN Maodu
1) The data include the temperature records reconstructed by using the core depth, age and biomarker gdgts of Bangong Lake to reconstruct the annual average temperature change of Bangong Lake Basin in the west of Qinghai Tibet Plateau since the last deglaciation. At present, most paleoclimate records on the plateau are qualitative and semi quantitative, and the quantitative records are very limited, which restricts the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of climate change on the plateau. Bangongcuo, the largest lake in the west of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, was selected as the study area, and the average annual temperature change in this area since 16 ka BP was reconstructed by using biomarker indexes. 2) The record was reconstructed using gdgts of lake sediments. 3) The data are detailed and reliable. 4) This study not only provides data for understanding the past climate change in the western Qinghai Tibet Plateau, but also provides a basis for discussing the plateau climate change mechanism and verifying the reliability of regional climate model.
HOU Juzhi, WANG Mingda
This data set consists of tree ring carbon and oxygen data in central Serbia in westerly region. The tree rings in central Serbia include two tree cores (C50 and C58), the tree species is Bosnia pine, and the measured isotopic data are 542. Cellulose was extracted from tree ring logs by chemical treatment, and the obtained cellulose samples were wrapped in a silver cup. The isotopic ratio was measured by Delta V advantage stable isotope mass spectrometer, and the analysis error was less than 0.21 ‰. The experimental analysis was completed in the laboratory of soil structure and minerals, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The climate type of Serbia is single. As shown in the thumbnail, the oxygen isotope sequences of tree rings (C50 and C58) in central Serbia and southern Serbia (H01, H02, H05 and H08) are highly correlated. Therefore, the carbon and oxygen isotope data sets of tree rings in central and southern Serbia (a total of 6 tree cores) are of certain significance for the study of Serbian paleoclimate in westerly region.
XU Chenxi
Recent paleobotanical investigations in Vietnam provide a good opportunity to improve our understanding of the biodiversity and paleoclimatic conditions in the geological past of Southeast Asia. Palms (Arecaceae) are a diverse family of typical thermophilous plants with a relatively low tolerance for freezing. In this study, we describe well-preserved fossil palm leaves from the Oligocene Dong Ho Formation of Hoanh Bo Basin, northern Vietnam. Characters of the fossil leaves, such as a fan-shaped costapalmate lamina, an unarmed petiole, a costa slightly enlarged at the base that then tapers distally into the blade, and well-preserved amphistomatic leaves with cuticles, suggest that they represent a new fossil species, which we herein designate Sabalites colaniae A. Song, T. Su, T. V. Do et Z.K. Zhou sp. nov. Together with other paleontological and palaeoclimatic evidence, we conclude that a warm climate prevailed in northern Vietnam and nearby areas during the Oligocene.
SU Tao
This data is the magnetism, grain size, chromaticity, diffuse reflectance spectral goethite / hematite peak height data, organic matter stable carbon isotope data of loess-paleosol sequence in Ganzi section (XS) in the east of Tibetan Plateau (TP). We measured the magnetic susceptibility and grain size of the section (10 m) at an interval of 2.5 cm, measured the non-hysteresis remanence and isothermal remanence data at an interval of 5 cm, and provided 5 sets of hysteresis loop measurement results. Total organic carbon (TOC) and organic carbon isotopes were measured at 10 cm and 20 cm intervals respectively. The experimental analysis of magnetic susceptibility was completed at the Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, China. The soil δ13Corgmeasurements were conducted at the State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLGAE), Lanzhou University. And the analysis of remanence and hysteresis loop was completed at the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chromaticity analysis was carried out in the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology. The magnetic susceptibility is measured by Bartington MS2 magnetic susceptibility meter, the non-hysteresis remanence is measured by American ASCIM-10-30 pulse magnetometer and molspin minispin small rotation magnetometer, and the isothermal remanence is measured by ASCIM-10-30 pulse magnetometer, 2g-755 superconducting magnetometer and JR-6A rotation magnetometer; he grain size data were measured by a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 laser diffractometer; The chromaticity was determined by CM-700d spectrophotometer. The δ13Corgvalues were analyzed using a MAT-253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer. This data provides an understanding of the magnetic properties and chromaticity variation characteristics of the loess sequence in the eastern TP since the last interglacial period, and plays an important role in the research of the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate in the eastern TP and its relationship with the surrounding atmospheric circulation.
YANG Shengli, CHEN Zixuan, XIA Dunsheng, LIU Li
This data set consists of tree ring carbon and oxygen data and tree ring carbon and oxygen data in East Asian monsoon region and Northeast China. Tree rings in Northeast China include 4 tree cores, the tree species is Korean pine, and the measured isotopic data is 903. Cellulose was extracted from tree ring logs by chemical treatment, and the obtained cellulose samples were wrapped in a silver cup. The isotopic ratio was measured by Delta V advantage stable isotope mass spectrometer, and the analysis error was less than 0.21 ‰. The experimental analysis was completed in the laboratory of soil structure and minerals, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This data has certain significance for the study of paleoclimate in East Asian monsoon region.
XU Chenxi
In this paper, we review evidence for a major biotic turnover across the Oligocene/Miocene in the Tibetan Plateau region. Based on the recent study of six well-preserved fossil sites from the Cenozoic Lunpola and Nima basins in the central Tibetan Plateau, we report a regional changeover from tropical/subtropical ecosystems in the Late Oligocene ecosystem (26–24 Ma) to a cooler, alpine biota of the Early Miocene (23–18 Ma). The Late Oligocene fossil biota, comprising of fish (climbing perch), insects and plants (palms), shows that the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau was a warm lowland influenced by tropical humidity from the Indian Ocean. In the Early Miocene, the regional biota became transformed, with the evolution and diversification of the endemic primitive snow carp. Early Miocene vegetation was dominated by temperate broad-leaved forest with abundant conifers and herbs under a cool climate, and mammals included the hornless rhinoceros, Plesiaceratherium, a warm temperate taxon. This dramatic ecosystem change is due to a cooling linked to the uplift of Tibetan region, from a Late Oligocene paleo-elevation of no greater than 2300 m a.s.l. in the sedimentary basin to a paleo-elevation of about 3000 m a.s.l. Another factor was the Cenozoic global climatic deterioration toward to an ice-house world.
DENG Tao
The data set includes the characteristics of ancient glacial sediments, such as grain size characteristics, sporopollen characteristics, environmental indicators of chemical elements, mineral characteristics of sediments, etc. Table 1 shows the analysis of five samples collected from the red moraine of Q2, which shows that the grain size characteristics of different ages are the difference of grain size distribution caused by weathering strength. The earlier the moraine is formed, the farther the grain size characteristics of the moraine are from the typical moraine facies. According to Tang Lingyu's (1984) analysis of spores and pollen in lignite (Table 2), there are many clouds and firs, but there are many warm loving Castanea, Liquidambar and Quercus, which indicates that the mountain is dark coniferous cold temperate to warm temperate vegetation, while the piedmont plain is warm temperate or even mountain subtropical vegetation, and its altitude is not very high. The sporopollen analysis data of four surface soil samples and Q31 and q32 moraine samples from high to low altitude on the east slope of Gongga mountain show that the SPOROPOLLEN ASSEMBLAGES OF Q31 and q32 moraines are not significantly different from those at present (tables 3 and 4). The chemical elements of moraine samples were analyzed by icpq plasma analyzer. The results show that the other 18 elements can reflect the weathering degree in different degrees except Fe2O3, which is too influenced by local lithology to retrieve the information of age and weathering degree. There are 28 fine-grained samples, and the results are summarized in the table below. The analysis results of Hengduanshan moraine samples are shown in Table 6. It can be seen that there is little difference in the most stable mineral content of the Moraine in different periods. The mineral characteristics of the Moraine in this area clearly reflect the relationship between it and weathering time. It is hoped that through the geochemical study of the temporal and spatial sequence of glacial deposits, the indicator of element migration can be established for the study of Quaternary glacial environment in China.
LI Jijun
Fossils of the ursid Indarctos from Withlacoochee River 4A of Florida (late early Hemphillian North American Land Mammal Age, Hh2, ~ 7.5–6.5 Ma) represent the best sample of this genus in North America, including both craniodental and postcranial specimens, yet only the skull has been described. In this study, we describe the other material of this bear from the same locality and review the records of Indarctos in North America. Indarctos from Withlacoochee River 4A has dental characters in accordance with those of typical Indarctos oregonensis, but has distinctly more slender postcranial bones. Indarctos from other localities of North America contains two morphs with regards to postcranial robustness, but lacks a clear geographic pattern. Indarctos from Withlacoochee River 4A shares traits with the Old World Indarctos zdanskyi and may be its descendant in the New World. The machairodont from Withlacoochee River 4A shows typical characters (e.g., presence of distinct P4 preparastyle and mandibular flange) that allow referral to Amphimachairodus rather than to Nimravides. Its morphology also shows a stronger affinity of this population to the Old World Amphimachairodus horribilis rather than to Hh3 Amphimachairodus coloradensis. Previously, most North American records of Amphimachairodus were late Hemphillian (Hh3–4, ~ 6.5–4.5 Ma), when it co-occurred with a different ursid, “Agriotherium.” The Withlacoochee River 4A specimens provide evidence that Amphimachairodus dispersed from Asia during the Hh2. The special morphology of Indarctos and the presence of Amphimachairodus in a Hh2 fauna suggest that the environment had begun to change before the significant fauna turnover between the early and late Hemphillian.
QIGAO Jiangzuo
The present data are chronological and palynological data from the Luanhaizi Lake core in the Menyuan Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. We used the AMS14C method to test nine dated samples from the LHZ18 core. Bulk samples were collected from plant remains and organic-rich horizons from the core LHZ18 for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C dating. Samples were measured at Beta Labs in the USA and Lanzhou University.Pollen analysis was completed at the Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environment Systems,Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, with 140 stratigraphic pollen samples and 10 topsoil pollen samples. Spore pollen identification statistics were carried out under a light microscope.The pollen results mainly include the number of grains of trees, shrubs, herbs and aquatic plants.
HUANG Xiaozhong, ZHANG Jun, WANG Tao
1) This paper reports a new Middle Jurassic progonocimicid bug from Northeast China, named Cicadocoris parvus. 2) The fossils come from the middle layer of Daohugou bed of Haifanggou Formation in Daohugou area, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. The images of fossils are obtained by using V16 microscope, the plates are made by using PS software, and the line drawings and maps are drawn by using CDR software. 3) The fossil material consists of 40 in total, including 21 males, 12 females and 7 unknown sex, which are preserved in the gray tuffaceous shale in the middle layer of Daohugou bed、 4) In this paper, the detailed morphological measurements of the new species and show that they are the dominant species in the Jurassic Daohugou biota.
FU Yanzhe
1) This paper reports a new genus and species of Sinoalidae, named Stictocercopis wuhuaensis. 2) The fossils are from Daohugou area, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. The V16 microscope and scanning electron microscope are used to take photos. The PS software is used to make plates and the CDR software is used to draw line drawings. 3) The new genera and species are based on three fossils and, preserved in tuffaceous shale in the middle layer of Daohugou bed. 4) In this paper, the palaeobiodiversity and morphological diversity of sinoalid in the Jurassic Daohugou biota have been increased. It is suggested that there was a radiation evolution event in the early Jurassic.
FU Yanzhe
Simao basin is located in the south of Yunnan Province and the southeast of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It belongs to the Sanjiang tectonic domain in the east of Tethys tectonic domain. Thick and continuous early Cenozoic strata are preserved in the basin, so it is an ideal material to restore the tectonic evolution history of the region and the southeast side of the plateau. a continuous and complete high-resolution sequence (361.86 m in thickness) of the Mengyejing Formation was obtained through the continuous drilling in the previous study. The mass-specific magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization from parts of samples of Xiaojinggu core (250 m) have been measured, and several important magnetic parameters were determined, including the high and low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χlf), SIRM, and ARM. These records will provide an important insight into the paleoclimate change covering the Mengyejing Formation.
YAN Maodu
This data set consists of chromaticity analysis data of Luochuan and Xifeng loess profiles on the Loess Plateau of China. We have carried out chromaticity measurement and Analysis on Luochuan and Xifeng loess profiles at an interval of about 5 cm. The total thickness of the profiles is about 57M and 86m respectively, and the number of samples is 1138 and 1726 respectively. The instrument used is the cm-700d spectrophotometer manufactured by Konica Minolta company in Japan. The experimental analysis was completed in the Key Laboratory of the Cenozoic Institute of Geology and environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This data reflects the variation characteristics of chromaticity parameters of loess sequence in the central part of the Loess Plateau in recent one million years, and is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / paleoenvironment of the Loess Plateau.
HAO Qingzhen
The most primitive Elasmotherium (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene of northern China, The origin of Elasmotherium has been a puzzle for many years. Herein, we report the earliest representative of Elasmotherium, based on a Late Miocene skull from Dingbian County in Shaanxi, northwestern China. The skull bears a unique mosaic of primitive and derived features different from all hitherto known elasmotheres, hence forth demarcated as holotype of Elasmotherium primigenium sp. nov. Dental characters of E. primigenium are more primitive than any other known species of lasmotherium, e.g. relatively incipient enamel folding, fairly weak lingual groove on the base of the protocone, relatively weaker crista, small and closed posterior valley and straight ectoloph. E. primigenium is evidently more primitive than all the known species of Elasmotherium, yet appreciably more derived than Sinotherium, thereby marking an important transitional species between Sinotherium and further species of the genus Elasmotherium.
SUN Danhui, DENG Tao
The data sets contains the content of fungal spores and (Ce+Fa/Po+Fa) ratio data from Gonghai Lake (38°54′N, 112°14′E, altitude 1860 m) in northern China over the past ~2000 years. We calculated pollen (Ce+Fa/Po+Fa) ratio of 321 samples and we identified the fungal spores of 216 sedimentary samples to reconstruct changes in cultivation and grazing intensity over the past ~2,000 years in northern China. Time-series analysis reveals that the arable farming phases had a longer periodicity than the grazing phases, possibly because of the greater resilience of the former to climate change and the attachment of agriculturalists to their land. Our findings potentially help improve our understanding of the impact of land use on soil degradation. The data is stored in Excel format.
HUANG Xiaozhong, ZHANG Jun
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