The passive seismic data was collected from 20 portable broadband stations deployed in the intersection of the Pamir, the Tarim basin and the Tianshan orogenic belt between October 2019 and July 2020. The waveforms were cut 50 s prior to and 150 s after the P wave arrival. Seismic events were chosen with magnitudes greater than or equal to 6.0 and epicentral distance range of 30-95°. The data can be used in seismic tomography，shear wave splitting and receiver function technique to obtain the high-resolution crustal and upper mantle velocity structure, the depths of typical discontinuities and the anisotropic characteristics, provide vital constraints on elucidating the intracontinental deformation mechanism in response to India-Asia collision.
XU Qiang
The data are the radioisotope dating data of magmatic and metamorphic rocks, the major and trace geochemical data of whole rock and the major geochemical data of minerals. Samples were collected from diorite and garnet biotite schist in Gangdese belt, Nimu area, southern Tibet. The U-Pb isotopic data of zircon and monazite were obtained by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The major and trace geochemical data of the whole rock are obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The main geochemical data of minerals are obtained by EPMA. The age of regional magmatism and metamorphism can be determined by the obtained data.
MA Xuxuan
The Himalayas is the most majestic, tall and young folded mountain system on earth. Before Eocene, the Himalayas were in a long-term sinking shallow sea environment. Under the action of extremely strong Himalayan movement, the Himalayas rose from the sea. By the end of tertiary, it had risen to a high mountain with an average height of more than 3000 meters. Therefore, under the influence of global climate change, Mount Everest has experienced several major Pleistocene glaciations, leaving behind various glacial related sediments and interglacial deposits. In 1960, the scientific investigation team of the Chinese Everest mountaineering team and the scientific investigation team of the Chinese xishabangma mountaineering team in 1964 conducted a more detailed investigation on the glaciers and other Quaternary sediments in the two peaks and their adjacent areas. During the scientific investigation of Mount Qomolangma from 1966 to 1968, on the basis of previous work, the Quaternary glacial deposits characteristic of this area were further investigated, and the research on various deposits in interglacial period and post glacial period was strengthened, so as to find some complete and typical quaternary stratigraphic profiles. This data set comes from the field investigation of the scientific research team in this book. Outline This paper introduces the spatial distribution characteristics of Quaternary sediments, focuses on several main quaternary stratigraphic profiles, preliminarily establishes the sequence of Quaternary strata in this area and discusses the age of strata. It lays a foundation for in-depth discussion of Quaternary glaciation, paleoclimate and the rise of Himalayas in this area.
Tibetan Scientific Expedition of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Data source: tabular data in comprehensive investigation series of Kekexili area. This paper summarizes the strata of xijinwulan belt, Kekexili area and Tanggula area in the northern slope of Tanggula Mountain. Based on the previous regional geological survey results and the paper "Introduction to the geology of Kekexili and its adjacent areas in Qinghai", this paper is based on the paleontological, stratigraphic and structural characteristics. From south to north, qingkekexili area can be divided into four different stratigraphic and structural divisions: xijinwulan belt in Tanggula area, Kekexili area and East Kunlun area. Tanggula area and xijinwulan zone, East Kunlun area and Kekexili area are separated by the northern margin of Tanggula Mountain and the southern margin of East Kunlun Mountain respectively, while the boundary between xijinwulan zone and Kekexili area is roughly on the north side of xijinwulan and the north slope of Fenghuoshan.
SHA Jingeng
The data set is a three-dimensional lithospheric stress field model in the Sichuan-Yunnan region, which is constrained by GPS velocity field and focal mechanism solution. A 3D finite element model of regional lithospheric deformation is constructed by using the lithospheric structure fracture information in Sichuan-Yunnan region. The velocity boundary constraints of the model are given by integrating the regional GPS velocity published in the existing researches and the latest observation. At the same time, the stress field of the model is constrained by the focal mechanism solution of regional small and medium earthquakes and mantle convection. A comprehensive simulation model of current crustal deformation and stress field in Sichuan-Yunnan region is constructed. The model can be used for further study on valuable scientific issues such as the mechanism of the large earthquakes preparation, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
XIONG Xiong
This data set includes major and trace elements and zircon U-Pb isotope data of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in Baoshan block, Tengchong, Yunnan Province. The sampling time is 2018, and the area is near lameng Town, Baoshan District, Tengchong, Yunnan. The rock samples include 8 sedimentary rock samples. This data provides key information for understanding the evolution of the middle Tethys structure between Tengchong and Baoshan, and limits the closing time of the middle Tethys ocean to the late Jurassic, which is of great significance for discussing the evolution process of the Tethys structure. The whole rock major and trace elements of rock samples were tested by fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), and zircon U-Pb was dated by laser ablation plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS). The testing units include Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Institute of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The related articles of this data set have been published in the Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, and the data results are true and reliable.
ZHANG Jiuyuan
This data set is the original observation data of magnetotelluric method (MT) collected by the project team in Yangbajing Geothermal field, Dangxiong County, Tibet. The data format is EDI and contains 53 files. The data set contains 4 MT profiles, with the distance between survey lines of about 1km and the distance between survey points of about 500m. The field data acquisition equipment adopts the new SEP ground electromagnetic detection system developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. At each MT measuring point, the two horizontal components ex (north-south direction) and ey (east-west direction) of the electric field are measured with a non polarized electrode, and the three components HX (north-south direction), hy (east-west direction) and Hz (plumb bob direction) of the magnetic field are measured with a magnetic sensor. The observation time of each measuring point exceeds 10 hours, and the effective frequency range is 320 hz~0.001 Hz. Through the preprocessing and inversion of the data set, the electrical structure in the depth of 10km in Yangbajing Geothermal field can be obtained, which provides a basis for the location and scale of deep heat sources, heat control and heat conduction structures in the investigation area.
CHEN Weiying
This data set is the original observation data of magnetotelluric method (MT) collected by the project team in Yangyi geothermal field, Dangxiong County, Tibet. The data format is EDI and contains 36 files. The data set contains 3 MT profiles, with the distance between survey lines of about 1km and the distance between survey points of about 500m. The field data acquisition equipment adopts the new SEP ground electromagnetic detection system developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. At each MT measuring point, the two horizontal components ex (north-south direction) and ey (east-west direction) of the electric field are measured with a non polarized electrode, and the three components HX (north-south direction), hy (east-west direction) and Hz (plumb bob direction) of the magnetic field are measured with a magnetic sensor. The observation time of each measuring point exceeds 10 hours, and the effective frequency range is 320 hz~0.001 Hz. Through the preprocessing and inversion of the data set, the electrical structure in the depth of 10km in Yangyi geothermal field can be obtained, which provides a basis for the location and scale of deep heat sources, heat control and heat conduction structures in the investigation area.
CHEN Weiying
The Wuyu Basin is bounded by the Gangdese Mountains to the north and the Yarlung Tsangpo River to the south, and is a representative basin to study the Cenozoic tectonism of the southern Tibet. The sedimentary strata in the Wuyu Basin include the Paleocene-Eocene Linzizong Group volcanics and the Oligocene Rigongla Formation (Fm.) volcanics, the Miocene lacustrine sediments of the Mangxiang Fm. and Laiqing Fm. volcanics, the late Miocene-Pliocene Wuyu Fm., and the Pleistocene Dazi Fm. Five sandstone samples from the Mangxiang Fm., Wuyu Fm. and Dazi Fm. and one modern Wuyu reiver sand sample were collected for detrital zircon U-Pb dating using the LA-ICP-MS method. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages in the Mangxiang Fm. show a large cluster at 45-80 Ma; those in the Wuyu Fm. show a large cluster at 8-15 Ma and a subsidiary cluster at 45-70 Ma; those in the Dazi Fm. show three large clusters at 45-65 Ma, 105-150 Ma and 167-238 Ma; and those in modern Wuyu river show a large cluster at 8-15 Ma and a subsidiary cluster at 45-65 Ma (Figure 1). Late Cretaceous-early Eocene zircons in all samples are consistent with the most prominent stage of magmatism of the Gangdese Mountains; the 8-15 Ma zircons in the Wuyu Fm. and modern Wuyu river are consistent with the magmatism of the Laiqing Fm.; and the Triassic-Jurassic zircons in the Dazi Fm. are consistent with the magmatism of the central Lhasa terrane. The results of detrital zircon U-Pb ages and sedimentary facies analyses in the Wuyu Basin indicate that the southern Tibetan Plateau suffered multi-stage tectonism-magmatism since the India-Asia collision: (1) Paleogene Linzizong Group-Rigongla Fm. volcanics; (2) tectonism-magmatism at ~15 Ma ended the lacustrine sediments of the Mangxiang Fm. and resulted in volcanism of the Laiqing Fm.; (3) tectonism at ~8 Ma resulted in the volcanic rocks of the Laiqing Fm. becoming one of the main provenances for the overlying Wuyu Fm.; (4) the Wuyu Basin formed braided river and received sediments from the central Lhasa terrane to its north at ~2.5 Ma. The geomorphic pattern of the southern Tibet has gradually formed since the Quaternary.
MENG Qingquan MENG Qingquan
This dataset is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the active fault zone of the Tianshan Mountains (2013). The obtained geological map is a 1:2.5 million geological map, covering the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Tianshan Mountains. Geological structural maps can provide a digital space platform for the informatization of the national economy, and provide information services for national and provincial departments for regional planning, geological disaster monitoring, geological surveys, prospecting and exploration, and macro decision-making. The source of the obtained geological map data is to scan the paper map first, then perform georeferencing on the ArcGIS 10.5 platform, and then obtain it by vectorization. The storage format is vector data, and the spatial granularity is divided into regions.
ZHU Yaru
Structural geological profile along the survey line of deep reflection seismic profile (Dogcuoren Lake-Whale Lake section, with a total length of about 200 km) (scale of 1:100000). The section is mainly drawn based on the field geological survey along the reflection section survey line and the 1:250000 Regional Geological Map of the area where the survey line is located. Combined with the field occurrence data and 1:250000 Regional geological map data, the structural geological section is drawn with CorelDRAW and other software. The geological structure profile drawn at the scale of 1:100000 can roughly reflect the geological structure and structural characteristics along the reflection profile. The geometric structure information obtained from the geological structure section can provide shallow structural constraints for the structural interpretation of the later deep reflection seismic section and the production of the equilibrium section.
GUO Xiaoyu
The age constraints for the Cenozoic denudation history of the Wuyu region in the southern Tibetan Plateau provide evidence for the growth process of the plateau and the interaction process of tectonics-climate-erosion in this region. Apatite fission track thermochronology has a relatively lower closure temperature of ~100 °C, thus is capable of recording the denudation process of the upper crust. We collected 14 samples on terranes and sediments in the Wuyu Basin and vicinity in the southern Tibetan Plateau. These samples were fission track dated using the external detector method in the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The result shows fission track central age of terrane samples range in 44.8-11.7 Ma, and decomposed component age of detrital samples range in 36-13.4 Ma. Integrated analysis indicates the cooling age of these terranes and detritus both concentrate on the early-middle Miocene (23-12 Ma), suggesting significant rock exhumation of the study region in early-middle Miocene. We infer the exhumation event should be caused by the contemporaneous intense erosion and denudation, which is possibly related to the rapid uplift of the Lhasa-Qiangtang blocks or sharply wetting of southern Tibet. The main finding of this study is that significant denudation occurred in the early-middle Miocene in the Wuyu region, southern Tibetan Plateau.
HE Pengju
This data includes 1:4 million precision fault data within the scope of Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China. The attribute table fields include fault name, fault length, strike, dip, fault property, paleoearthquake, etc. The data comes from the Seismological Bureau. Later, by consulting a large number of fault related literature, the attribute of fault activity age is added on the basis of the original data. The accuracy of original data is reliable, and a special person is responsible for quality review; After review by many people, the data integrity, position accuracy and attribute accuracy meet the requirements of relevant technical regulations and standards, and the quality is excellent and reliable. The fault data can provide basic data support for some fault related research work in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
QI Shengwen
The data coverage area is Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor, which is vector line data. The data defines its active period and names it. The strike, nature, active period and exposure of the fault are described. However, the content is missing, and the secondary fault zone is not named. There are 590 linear elements within the Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor in this data set, but some linear elements are multiple elements of the same fault zone. The active fault zone is often the combination zone of different plates and different blocks. It is a relatively weak zone of the crust, which is easy to induce extremely serious earthquake disasters. It is also a concentrated development zone of geological disasters such as collapse, landslide and debris flow. The judgment of the location and nature of fault zone is of great significance to the risk susceptibility evaluation of geological disasters, and it is the key factor to study geological disasters.
WANG Lixuan
The data set is the distribution of the average roughness in Central Asia including three temperate deserts, the Karakum, Kyzylkum and Muyunkun Deserts, and one of the world's largest arid zones. This is the MODIS-NDVI data set calculated by using the median particle diameter and the vegetation coverage. The space and time resolutions are 500 m and 16 days, respectively. The time is from 01, January, 2017 to 18, December, 2017. The data set uses the the Geodetic coordinate system. It can be used for the investigation of the Desert oil and gas field, and oasis cities.
GAO Xin
Since 2006, China Geological Survey Bureau has organized and implemented the work of "Integration and comprehensive research on the basic geological survey results of the Tibetan Plateau". Based on the 1:250,000 regional geological survey on the blank area of the Tibetan Plateau and the latest research results at home and abroad, with the integration and comprehensive research, one of a series of maps, "1:1.5 million geotectonic map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas" have been compiled. It is published by the Geological Publishing House. The geotectonic environment of the geological body is analyzed according to the geotectonic facies division plan (3 major facies, 18 basic facies and 36 subfacies), with the 36 geotectonic subfacies as the basic mapping unit, the geotectonic map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas is compiled. The projection of the map is Conformal Conic Projection, the first standard latitude is 28 °, the second standard latitude is 37 °, the central longitude is 89 °, and the projection origin latitude is 26 ° north latitude. This data is obtained by scanning the paper map “1:1.5 million geotectonic map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas” with a high-resolution scanner, and splicing the sub maps. In the process of scanning, keep the map surface as flat as possible to reduce the error. The copyright of the map belongs to the publishing house. This data can be used by researchers who are engaged in the geological and geomorphological research of the Tibetan Plateau, it can be used for the research of regional resources exploration, geological science research, construction of major engineering facilities, environmental protection and disaster prevention in the Tibetan Plateau.
Geological Publishing House GPH
Since 2006, China Geological Survey Bureau has organized and implemented the work of "Integration and comprehensive research on the basic geological survey results of the Tibetan Plateau". Based on the 1:250,000 regional geological survey on the blank area of the Tibetan Plateau and the latest research results at home and abroad, with the integration and comprehensive research, one of a series of maps, "1:1.5 million geological map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas" have been compiled. The map is published by Geological Publishing House. Based on 177 1:250,000 Regional Geological Survey data, the regional strata and structure stratigraphic system are systematically determined, including 9 strata and structure stratigraphic areas, 36 strata and structure stratigraphic areas and 63 strata and structure stratigraphic areas. The lithostratigraphic division and correlation sequence of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas are established. A large number of geological records of geological evolution and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau are presented, which focus on the new discovery, new progress and new understanding of geological investigation and research. The projection of the map is Conformal Conic Projection, the first standard latitude is 28 °, the second standard latitude is 37 °, the central longitude is 89 °, and the projection origin latitude is 26 ° north latitude. This data is obtained by scanning the paper map “1:1.5 million geological map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas” with a high-resolution scanner, and splicing the sub maps. In the process of scanning, keep the map surface as flat as possible to reduce the error. The copyright of the map belongs to the publishing house. This data can be used by researchers who are engaged in the geological and geomorphological research of the Tibetan Plateau, it can be used for the research of regional resources exploration, geological science research, construction of major engineering facilities, environmental protection and disaster prevention in the Tibetan Plateau.
Geological Publishing House GPH
We use waveform cross-correlation to analyze the recordings of eight earthquakes (2009-2018) beneath the Indian Ocean at stations from the Chinese Digital Seismic Network. We obtain 929 high quality residual traveltime differences between the phases ScS and S (Differential traveltimes.dat). We interpret variations of δt up to 10 seconds as due to horizontal shear-velocity variations in D” beneath northern India, Nepal, and southwestern China. The shear velocity can vary by as much as 7% over distances shorter than 300 km. Our observations provide additional observational evidence that compositional heterogeneity and possibly melt contribute to the seismic structure of the lower mantle characterized by long-term subduction and mantle downwelling.
LI Guohui, BAI Ling
The dataset includs borehole core lithology, altitude survey, soil thickness and slop measurement, hydrogeological survey, and hydrogeophysical survey in the Maqu catchment of the Yellow River source region in the Tibetan Plateau. The borehole lithology data is from the 2017 drilled borehole ITC_ Maqu_ 1; altitude survey was carried out using RTK in 2019; Soil thickness and slope data were collected by auger and inclinometer in 2018 and 2019; hydrogeological survey includes groundwater table depth measurements in 2018 and 2019, and aquifer test data obtained in 2019; hydrogeological survey includes Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) , Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) , Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) , and magnetic susceptibility measurements. MRS and ERT surveys were conducted in 2018. TEM and magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out in 2019.
LI Mengna, ZENG Yijian, Maciek W. LUBCZYNSKI, BOB Su, QIAN Hui
Zircon U-Pb dating data set of Leucogranites in wengbo area of Himalayan orogenic belt is mainly zircon dating in wengbo area, and there are 28 zircon dating samples. The rocks are mainly leucogranite and pegmatite. The zircon dating method is LA-ICPMS. The data comes from the receiving phase. The articles published by the data are SCI or Ni journals, including geology, BSA bulletin and Journal of petroleum. The data results are true and reliable. The testing units are mainly Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, national testing and Analysis Center, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and Institute of mineral resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The data set can be used to study the formation age of Cenozoic magmatism in the Himalayan orogenic belt.
ZENG Lingsen , GAO Lie , YAN Lilong
Twenty-two apatite fission-track datasets are gained from basement rock samples from the Hei Shan-Kuantan Shan region in North Qilian. These results have been obtained by LA-ICP-MS-based fission-track analyses, with age errors less than 20%. The apatite fission track ages range 22.3±2.6 to 175±18Ma, with mean track lengths ranging 11.17±2.26 to 13.63±1.93μm. Thermal history modeling shows that the Hei Shan-Kuantan Shan has undergone five episodes of exhumation-related cooling events, in the early Jurassic, early Cretaceous and late Cretaceous, during/since the Eocene and since the middle Miocene. The exhumation events prior to the Cenozoic are attributed to far-field responses of successive assembly of blocks along the southern margin of the Eurasian continent. The Eocene exhumation is speculated to represent an immediate response to the initial Indian-Eurasian collision. The exhumation since the middle Miocene is related to rapid uplift of the North Qilian and growth of the Tibetan Plateau. Eight detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology datasets are gained from Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary samples from the Hongliuxia section north of the North Qilian. These results have been obtained by LA-ICP-MS analysis, with age errors less than 10%. These results, combined with zircon U-Pb age spectra of potential source regions in the North Qilian to the south and Bei Shan-Hei Shan-Kuantan Shan to the north, suggest a shift of provenance in the north for the Huoshaogou and Baiyanghe Formation sediments to in the south for the Shulehe Formation deposits. These results indicate rapid uplift of North Qilian and growth of the Tibetan Plateau since the middle Miocene.
LIN Xiubin
The single mineral EPMA data set of magmatic rocks in the Himalayan orogenic belt is mainly based on the main data of single minerals in Jilong area, and the test points of single minerals are more than 200. The rock is light colored granite. The single minerals tested are mainly feldspar, garnet, muscovite and biotite. The single mineral electron probe uses cameca sxvivefe electron microprobe, etc. The data has not been published, and the data results are true and reliable. The testing units are mainly the Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and the Institute of mineral resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The data set can be used to study the petrogenesis of leucogranite melts in the Himalayan orogenic belt.
ZENG Lingsen , GAO Lie , YAN Lilong
Based on the collection of GPS and stress data of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, this paper combs the movement rate and stress deformation system of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, displays the direction and size of each point through MAPGIS software, and then superimposes it on several main tectonic units of Songpan Ganzi flysch belt, North Qiangtang Changdu Simao plate, South Qiangtang Baoshan block and Gangdise Lhasa block. This paper tries to reflect the similarities and differences of the specific deformation modes of each block under the overall stress of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and further define the specific deformation style and deformation state of each local area. This is of great significance for a deep understanding of the Cenozoic deformation model of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, as well as for guiding local disaster prevention and relief and engineering construction.
WANG Shifeng
The separation of zircon was completed by heavy liquid and magnetic separation in the laboratory of Hebei geological team. Cathodoluminescence images are used to observe the internal structure of zircon particles, and appropriate points are selected for analysis and research. U. Th and Pb were determined in La ⁃ ICP ⁃ ms of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences. For detailed analysis methods, see Li et al. (2009). Zircon standard sample and zircon sample are determined alternately in the ratio of 1 ∶ 3. The U ⁃ th ⁃ Pb isotope ratio was corrected with the standard zircon pl é sovice (337 Ma, SL á Ma et al., 2008), and the standard sample Qinghu (159.5 Ma, Li et al., 2009) was used as the accuracy of the monitoring data of the unknown sample. The isotopic ratio and age error are all 1 σ。 The data results are processed by isoplot software (Ludwig, 2001). On the basis of zircon u ⁃ Pb dating, select the age point with good harmony, and delineate the Hf isotope point in the micro area consistent with the ring trend of the age point. Zircon Hf isotope analysis is carried out on Neptune Plusma II multi receiver plasma mass spectrometer and nwr193uc 193 nm laser sampling system. See Liu et al. (2008) for detailed steps of the instrument. The diameter of laser ablation spot beam is generally 60 μ m. Each measuring point includes 10 s pre denudation, 45 s denudation and 30 s cleaning time. During the sample test, 91500 is taken as the standard sample, and its 176hf / 177hf = 0.282 286 ± 12 (2 σ， n = 21）。
WANG Shifeng
We have studied the Petrotectonic attributes of granites distributed in a large area in the North Lancangjiang structure in Bitu area. The major and trace elements and Sr Nd isotopes have been completed in the Key Laboratory of deposit geochemistry, Institute of geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Among them, the main elements are analyzed by pw4400 X-ray fluorescence instrument, and the contents of 10 element oxides are determined; Trace elements are tested by ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. ICP-MS is manufactured by Agilent company in Tokyo, Japan, and the model is Agilent 7700x. The analysis method is the same as that of Zhang Xin, etc. According to the analysis results of standard sample gbpc-1de, the analysis error is less than 5%. MC-ICP-MS double focusing magnetic mass spectrometer with Neptune plus model is used for isotope test experiment. The test basis is GB / T 17672-1999.
WANG Shifeng
The rock assemblages of basic rocks, ultrabasic rocks and other melanges in the Bitu area of Zuogong are found in the field investigation, indicating the existence of tectonic melange accumulation. Major and trace elements and Sr Nd isotopes were completed in the Key Laboratory of deposit geochemistry, Institute of geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Among them, the main elements are analyzed by pw4400 X-ray fluorescence instrument, and the contents of 10 element oxides are determined; Trace elements are tested by ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. ICP-MS is manufactured by Agilent company in Tokyo, Japan, and the model is Agilent 7700x. The analysis method is the same as that of Zhang Xin, etc. According to the analysis results of standard sample gbpc-1de, the analysis error is less than 5%. The test basis is GB / T 17672-1999.
WANG Shifeng
Based on the comprehensive analysis of the 1:250000 geological map and 1:1 million regional geological chronicles of Tibet in eastern Tibet, the latest research progress of existing strata, rocks and structures in Sanjiang area is collected, especially the systematic research on Jinsha River suture zone, Bitu suture zone and Bangong Lake Nujiang suture zone. The area is divided into Songpan Ganzi flysch zone, North Qiangtang Changdu Simao plate South Qiangtang Baoshan massif and Gangdise Lhasa massif are several main tectonic units; On this basis, Songpan Ganzi block is further divided into three sub units: Bayankala block, Ganzi Litang lake basin system and Zhongzan block; The North Qiangtang Changdu Simao plate is subdivided into five units: Jinshajiang paleoTethys belt, Changdu terrane, Lanping Simao terrane, Lincang volcanic rock belt and Bitu paleoTethys belt; The Nanqiangtang Baoshan tectonic system is subdivided into three tectonic units: Nanqiangtang block, Baoshan block and Bangong Lake Nujiang middle Tethys belt. The new structural unit division provides basic data for earthquake disaster prevention, engineering geology and Qiangtang oil and gas exploration.
WANG Shifeng
Based on the research progress of strata, rocks and structures in Sanjiang area, especially the systematic study of Jinshajiang suture zone, Bitu suture zone and Bangonghu Nujiang suture zone, this area is divided into several main structural units: Songpan Ganzi flysch zone, North Qiangtang Changdu Simao plate, South Qiangtang Baoshan block and Gangdise Lhasa block; On this basis, Songpan Ganzi block is further divided into three sub units: Bayankala block, Ganzi Litang lake basin system and Zhongzan block; The North Qiangtang Changdu Simao plate is subdivided into five units: Jinshajiang paleoTethys belt, Changdu terrane, Lanping Simao terrane, Lincang volcanic rock belt and Bitu paleoTethys belt; The Nanqiangtang Baoshan tectonic system is subdivided into three tectonic units: Nanqiangtang block, Baoshan block and Bangong Lake Nujiang middle Tethys belt.
WANG Shifeng
Attached tables S1-S14 are the experimental data of Naran Eclogite in Pakistan. Table S1-S3 and table s12-s13 are the main element compositions of minerals analyzed on thin slices using jeol jxa8230 electron microprobe instrument. We used on-line atomic absorption fluorescence (ZAF type) correction and adopted the following standards: jadeite (Na, Al), olivine (mg), diopside (Si, CA), orthoclase (k), rutile (TI), rosaxene (MN), hematite (FE), fluorite (f) and NaCl (CL). The analytical accuracy of CL is ± 0.01wt%, and that of other elements is 0.01-0.2wt%. The amount of Fe3 + was calculated according to stoichiometric constraints using program ax (Holland and Powell et al., 1998). For table S4, Zr in rutile was analyzed in the State Key Laboratory of lithospheric evolution. Cameca sxvive EPMA was used, the ACC voltage was 20kV, the beam current of Ti was 50na, Zr and other trace elements were 300na, and the peak counting time of Ti was 10s, while the peak counting time of Zr and other trace elements was 120s. The detection limit (3sigma) of Zr is 70 ppm. Meanwhile, the reference rutile of r10b detected by LA-ICP-MS was measured, and the EPMA error was less than 10%. For table S5-S6 and table s9-s10, U-Pb dating was carried out by cameca ims-1280 Sims of Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The operation and data processing procedures were completed according to Li et al. (2009). We use 20 × thirty μ M, and the U-Th-Pb ratio and absolute abundance relative to standard zircon plesovice and 91500 were determined. The long-term measurement error of 206Pb / 238U standard zircon is 1.5% (1rsd) will propagate (Li et al., 2010), although the 206Pb / 238U error of a single measurement is usually 1% (1rsd) or less. Assuming that the source of ordinary Pb is mainly surface pollution, we corrected ordinary Pb using the measured 204Pb and the current average Pb composition (Stacey and Kramers, 1975). The data of individual analysis and summary analysis are calculated with one standard deviation (1) σ) And two standard deviations (2 σ) In the form of. Data reduction was performed using the program isoplot / ex v. 3.23 (Ludwig, 2003). For tables s7-s8, geochronological data and REE components are measured by la-icpmas. Standard samples gj-1 (calibration standard) and plesovice (second standard) are used as external standard samples for U-Pb dating calibration. Plesovice (calibration standard) and NIST 612 (second standard) are used as external standards for trace element content calibration. For table s9-s10, rutile U-Pb dating was obtained on cameca ims-1280 Sims. We determined the U-Th-Pb ratio and absolute abundance relative to standard zircon plesovice and 91500. The long-term measurement error of 206Pb / 238U of standard zircon is 1.5% (1 RSD), although the single measurement error of 206Pb / 238U is 1% (1 RSD) or less. For table S11, a summary of symbiotic assemblages of representative Naran eclogite samples based on the above results is provided. For table S14. The PT condition is calculated by the geological thermobarometer. Attached figure SF1. (a) PL, BT, AMP and QZ with small particle size are produced in the core of large particle GRT in the form of inclusions, sample sn07. (b) Dol and QZ with small particle size occur in the core of GRT in the form of inclusions. B-B 'represents the chemical composition profile of large grain garnet, sample sn07. (c) Omphacite phenocrysts are replaced by syncrysts after CPX + pl. (d) Omphacite phenocrysts are replaced by the alternating structure of Bt + amp + pl.
ZHANG Dingding , ZHANG Dingding, DING Lin
Himalayan leucogranites are widely distributed in the North Himalayan gneiss dome (NHGD) and at the top of the Great Himalayan Crystalline Complex (GHC) and are generally controlled by detachment faults. The ages of these pre-, syn-, and postkinematic leucogranites can be used to limit the activity of detachment structures (such as the South Tibetan Detachment System, STDS). Research on the STDS activity time in the eastern Himalayas is relatively sparse. In this study, the zircon and monazite U-Th-Pb geochronology of syn- and postkinematic leucogranites, which are affected by the STDS and NHGD, in four areas (Lhozhag, Kuju, Xiaozhan and Cuonadong) in Shannan City, Tibet, China, was measured. The results show that the oldest synkinematic two-mica granite from Lhozhag, which is affected by the STDS, is 24 -25 Ma, so the time of STDS activity is at or slightly earlier than 25 Ma. The youngest synkinematic leucogranite is the garnet-bearing muscovite granite in Cuonadong at 18.4 Ma. The oldest undeformed postkinematic leucogranite (not affected by the STDS) is the muscovite granite in Xiaozhan at 17.4 Ma. Therefore, the end of STDS activity can be limited to 18.4-17.4 Ma. The STDS includes three forms: detachment fault in the NHGD (northern extension of the STDS), the inner STDS between the GHC and Tethyan Himalayan Sequence, and the outer STDS at the bottoms of synformal klippes. In this paper, the active time limits of the above three kinds of detachment zones are comprehensively summarized. Based on this work, the northward extension (ductile deformation) time of the STDS in the region is considered to be 28-17 Ma. The exhumation of the GHC is mainly controlled by in-sequence shearing. First, the South Tibet Thrust system (predecessor of the STDS) at the top of the GHC thrust southward at 45-28 Ma; then, the High Himalayan Discontinuity fault in the middle of the GHC forms south-vergent ductile thrusts at 28-17 Ma; finally, the Main Central Thrust at the bottom of the GHC thrust southward at 17-9 Ma.
ZHANG Linkui
In this study, the zircon and monazite U–Th–Pb geochronology of synkinematic and postkinematic leucogranites, which are affected by the STDS and NHGD, in four areas (Lhozhag, Kuju, Xiaozhan, and Cuonadong) in Shannan City, Tibet, China, was measured. The results show that the oldest synkinematic two-mica granite from Lhozhag, which is affected by the STDS, is 24–25 Ma, so the time of STDS activity is at or slightly earlier than 25 Ma. The youngest synkinematic leucogranite is the garnet-bearing muscovite granite in Cuonadong at 18.4 Ma. The oldest undeformed postkinematic leucogranite (not affected by the STDS) is the muscovite granite in Xiaozhan at 17.4 Ma. Therefore, the end of STDS activity can be limited to 18.4–17.4 Ma. The STDS includes three forms: detachment fault in the NHGD (northern extension of the STDS), the inner STDS between the GHC and Tethyan Himalayan Sequence, and the outer STDS at the bottoms of synformal klippes.
ZHANG Linkui
The Cuonadong gneiss dome, a newly discovered dome in the North Himalaya Gneiss Domes (NHGD) belt, iscomposedofthreeparts: core, mantle, andouterlayer. Theyarecomposedof Cambrian granitic gneiss, Early Paleozoic mica schist and skarn marble, and metamorphic sedimentary rocks, respectively, andleucogranitesandscores ofpegmatite veinsintrudeintothecore ofthe Cuonadong gneiss domeatalater stage. The Xianglin Be-Sn polymetallic ore depositislocatedin the northern Cuonadong gneiss dome. Anumber of north-south and east-north extensionalfaults are developedinthe mining area. The Be-Sn polymetallic orebodies were newly discovered through systematic surface exploration engineering in the mantle layer around the core of the dome and fault fracture zones. Theanatomy ofatypical mining areain the northern Cuonadong dome shows four types of ore bodies: skarn, cassiterite-quartz vein, cassiterite-sulfide, and granite pegmatite. Skarn type ore bodies occur in skarn marble in the mantle; mineralization is dominated by Sn, Be and W; Sn ore gradeis relatively low. Cassite-quartz vein type ore bodies are controlled by NE extensional fracture; mineralization is dominatedby Sn, Beand W; oregrades are relatively high. Cassite-sulfide orebodies are controlled by the interlayers lipstructure in marble; Snore gradeis high but Beand W ore grades arelow. Mineralization in pegmatiteis mainly Be, accompanied by Rb. Verified at great borehole depth, we found the deep extension of all types of ore bodies except pegmatite is relatively stable. Based on the study of there lationship between magma and Be-Sn polymetallic mineralization, we reveal that there are two stages of mineralization in the Xianglin mining area, and the mineralization is closely related to the weakly oriented two-mica granite and muscovite granite. Based on orebody characterization we developed a ore prospecting strategy. The main targets infuture ore exploration will be cassite-sulfide and cassite-quartz vein type ores as they are relatively rich in Be, Sn and W.
ZHANG Linkui
The cuonadong sn-w-be deposit, located in southern Tibet, is the first large tin polymetallic deposit related to Miocene leucogranite found in the Himalayas. The AR ar ages of muscovite and phlogopite in cassiterite sulfide veins in skarn are 15.4ma and 15.0ma respectively, and the U-Pb age of cassiterite in skarn is 14.3ma. The zircon and monazite U-Pb ages of tin bearing Leucogranites are 14.9ma and 15.3ma, respectively. The above diagenetic and metallogenic ages are completely consistent within the error range, indicating that tin tungsten mineralization is related to Miocene leucogranite in Genesis. The main metallogenic mechanism of skarn w-sn-be is water rock reaction. The metallogenic mechanism of cassiterite quartz vein and cassiterite sulfide vein is fluid boiling caused by the increase of oxygen fugacity, cooling and depressurization. The precipitation mechanism of fluorite quartz vein is the fluid mixing and dilution of magmatic hydrothermal fluid and atmospheric precipitation. The U-Pb age of monazite of garnet schist in cuonadong dome indicates that exhumation and retrograde metamorphism occurred at 38-26 Ma, and a small amount of pegmatite dikes (34 MA) were formed. The cuonadong dome was mainly formed in 21-18 Ma, which is the joint action of STDs extension and detachment and the second stage leucogranite (21 MA) magmatic diapir. At 18-16 Ma, the North-South rift led to the dehydration and partial melting of mica in the high Himalayas, forming the latest tin bearing leucogranite (16mA) and ore controlling fault system. The cuonadong tin polymetallic deposit was formed by the high-grade evolution of tin bearing leucogranite, fluid exmelting and magmatic hydrothermal fluid. There are a large number of dome structures similar to cuonadong and Miocene highly differentiated tin bearing Leucogranites in the Himalayas. This area is expected to become a new tin tungsten rare metal metallogenic belt.
ZHANG Linkui
Based on the anatomy of the fine structure of Zhaxikang deposit, through systematic structural analysis, geophysical exploration and interpretation, combined with the shallow geochemical characteristics, the comprehensive geological geochemical geophysical exploration model and prediction index system of zhaxikang deposit are used to carry out mineral prediction, and one deep prospecting target area near zhaxikang line 54 is delineated. The deep target area of Qingmuzhu is located in the northwest of Cuonadong Xianglin area. Based on the information of geology, geochemistry and Geophysics, a beryllium tin tungsten polymetallic prospecting target area is delineated in the deep part of Qingmuzhu area. Geochemical characteristics show that there are high cumulative anomalies of lead, zinc, antimony and silver lining values in Qingmuzhu area, indicating that there are low-temperature element anomalies such as lead and zinc in this area. At the same time, the geological mapping work found several NE trending fault fracture zones on the surface of Qingmuzhu, with a width of 1-5m, filled with quartz, iron manganese carbonate and metal sulfide, indicating that there is a vein shaped lead-zinc antimony polymetallic mineralization controlled by the fault in qingmuzhu, which has similar metallogenic characteristics to Zhaxikang lead-zinc polymetallic deposit. According to the cuonadong dome extension zone, it extends northwestward and just reaches the deep part of Qingmuzhu area.
ZHANG Linkui
The Jianchuan Basin, as one of the most important Cenozoic basins at the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, is a key region for determining the spatial-temporal evolution of paleodrainage and tectonic of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The sedimentary sequence of Paleogene strata from the bottom to the top includes the Baoxiangsi, Shuanghe, and Jianchuan Formations. The Shuanghe Formation conformably overlays the Baoxiangsi Formation but is in angular unconformity contact with the overlying Jianchuan Formation. New twelve detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology data from Paleogene strata in this basin were measured by LA-ICP-MS. The Detrital zircon U-Pb age spectrum of the Baoxiangsi Formation has multiple age peak ranges of 200-320 Ma, 390-490 Ma, 690-920 Ma, 920-1120 Ma, and 1700-2000 Ma(obviously different from the overlying strata), but the Shuanghe Formation is almost all concentrated at 35-45 Ma and 200-280 Ma, and the Jianchuan Formation compared with the Shuanghe Formation has increased the age peak range of 720-900 Ma. These results indicate that significant provenance changes occurred between the Baoxiangsi Formation and the overlying strata(at ~ 41 Ma) in the Jianchuan Basin. Provenance analyses illustrate that the Hoh-Xil, Songpan-Ganzi, North Qiangtang, Yidun, and western Yangtze terranes served as major sources for the Baoxiangsi Formation, the adjacent Triassic and Eocene igneous rocks for the Shuanghe Formation, and the western Yangtze block, adjacent Triassic and Eocene igneous rocks for the Jianchuan Formation. Such provenance changes support that large-scale drainage reorganization occurred in the late Eocene(at ~41 Ma). This significant late Eocene provenance and drainage changes occurred as one of the responses to coeval topographic uplift at the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and contemporary extensive magmatism.
FENG Ying
This data includes zircon U-Pb dating of metamorphic rocks and basalts in the Precambrian continental crust remnant in the northwest of the North Qilian orogenic belt measured from 2019 to 2021, major and trace and Sr nd Hf isotopic geochemical test results of the whole rock, and major and trace geochemical test results of minerals. The main instruments used are Aglient 7500a ICP-MS, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), thermo Finnigan Triton thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS), Neptune MC ICPMS and electron microprobe (EMPA). The data quality is high and within the error range. According to the data, the Precambrian continental crust fragments can be divided into three stages: Paleoproterozoic (1.7 GA), early Mesoproterozoic (1.6 GA) and middle Mesoproterozoic (1.5-1.2 GA), which were formed in the continental margin arc, intracontinental rift and initial ocean basin environment respectively. It is revealed that the Qilian block is located in the southwest of the core of the ancient lombia supercontinent.
LIU Yixin
This dataset includes 14 detrital zircon U-Pb chronological data from Cretaceous-Pliocene sediments sampled from Tierekesazi section in the Pamir-Tian Shan convergence zone. Detrital zircon in sedments could reveal the coupling of sedimentary basin and adjacented orogenic belt. U-Pb age of detrital zircon is a important method to analysis provenance tracing of sediments in basin. Moreover, this method also could constrain the uplift process of orogenic belt. Purification of detrital zircon grain following standard protocols includes contents, jaw crusher, shaking table, magnetic separator and heavy liquids. The separated zircon grains were mounted in epoxy resin and polished for LA-ICP-MS analysis. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images were taken for potential target spot selection. Each sample chose 120 points as potential target spot, at least. Zircon U-Pb dating was conducted using an Agilent 7500a Q-ICP-MS coupling with a 193 nm COMPex Pro laser. U-Pb age distributions were counted and analysed using DensityPlotter. U-Pb age of sediments of Tierekesazi section reveal chronology of Cretaceous-Pliocene strata of the profile, Tierekesazi section located in the narrow Pamir-Tian Shan convergence zone, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments in the Tierekesazi section were sourced from the adjacent and eroding Pamir and Tian Shan mountain ranges.which provide a general context for our provenance analyses. This data allowed us to reconstruct the Cretaceous-Pliocene tectonic-geomorphic evolution of the Pamir-Tian Shan corridor.
FU Bihong
Guided by the theories of plate tectonics, paleogeography, petroliferous basin analysis and sedimentary basin dynamics, a large number of data and achievements of geological research and oil and gas geological research in the pan third pole in recent years are collected, including basic materials such as strata, sedimentation, paleontology, paleogeography, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, structure, oil and gas (potassium salt) geology, especially paleomagnetism Based on the data of paleontology, detrital zircon and geochemistry, combined with the results of typical measured stratigraphic sections, the Cenozoic lithofacies and climate paleogeographic pattern are restored and reconstructed, and the pan tertiary Cenozoic lithofacies paleogeographic map (1) and pan tertiary Cenozoic climate paleogeographic map (3) are obtained, in order to explore the impact of paleogeography, paleostructure and paleoclimate on oil and gas Control and influence of (including potassium salt) resources, so as to reveal the geological conditions of oil and gas formation and the law of resource distribution, and provide scientific basis and technical support for China's overseas and domestic oil and gas exploration deployment.
LI Yalin
Guided by the theory of plate tectonics, paleogeography, petroliferous basin analysis and sedimentary basin dynamics, we have collected a large number of data and achievements of geological research and petroleum geology in recent years, including strata, sedimentation, paleontology, paleogeography, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, structure, oil and gas (potash) geology and other basic materials, especially paleomagnetism, Paleogene Based on the data of detrital zircon and geochemistry, combined with the results of typical measured stratigraphic sections, the lithofacies and climate paleogeographic pattern of Cretaceous were restored and reconstructed, and two lithofacies paleogeographic maps of early and late Cretaceous of Pan tertiary and two climate paleogeographic maps of early and late Cretaceous of Pan tertiary were obtained, aiming at discussing the influence of paleogeography, paleostructure and paleoclimate In order to reveal the geological conditions and resource distribution of oil and gas formation, and provide scientific basis and technical support for China's overseas and domestic oil and gas exploration deployment.
LI Yalin
The age constraints for Cenozoic exhumation history of the northern Tibetan Plateau provides evidence for growth process of the plateau and interaction process of tectonics-climate-erosion in this region. Apatite fission track thermochronology has a relative lower closure temperature of ~100 °C, thus is capable of recording the exhumation process of upper crust. We collected 26 sedimentary samples in the Hongliugou section in northern Qaidam Basin, which consist of strata from the Lulehe Formation to Shizigou Formation. These samples were fission track dated using the external detector method in the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The result shows fission track central age of these samples range in 36.4 ± 2.0 Ma to 78.0 ± 2.8 Ma. Most of our sample failed the chi-square test, indicating a mixture of multiple sources with different cooling ages. We use the binomial fitting method to decompose the mixture single-grain ages and obtained 55 age components. Decomposed component age of these detrital samples ranges in 21.2 ± 2.9 Ma to 102.8 ± 9.0 Ma. Integrated analysis of the fission track ages and confined track length indicates that samples in the upper 2500 m of the section had not affected by burial annealing after deposition, while that in the lower 2500 m were partial annealed after deposition. Unannealed fission track ages showing “static peaks” in ~60-50 Ma and ~40-36 Ma, which indicates the source of these detritus, the Qilian Shan, have experienced significant rock exhumation in these two stages in respective. This study suggests that tectonic deformation initiated in the northern Tibetan Plateau in early Cenozoic, which synchronous with India-Asia collision. Thus we suggest the Qilian Shan serves as the northern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau since the early Cenozoic.
SONG Chunhui, HE Pengju
13C and 18O isotopic test results of late Pleistocene lacustrine mudstone deposits in Dunhuang basin and some horizons in Jiuxi basin since Miocene. The testing unit is the Key Laboratory of mineralization and resource evaluation, Institute of mineral resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, and the instrument used is mat 253 gas isotope mass spectrometer. The data quality is good and within the error range. The 13C and 18O isotopic data of Dunhuang basin indicate that the lacustrine sediments in Dunhuang basin were in the late Pleistocene, and the overall climate was arid. The 13C and 18O isotopic data of Jiuxi basin indicate that although there are slight differences in different regions of Jiuquan Basin since Miocene, the climatic conditions are basically the same. It has been under relatively dry climatic conditions for a long time, while the Holocene profile shows an obvious change trend due to a short time range, which may indicate that the climate has fluctuated greatly since Holocene.
ZHANG Bo
Data content: A large number of strongly deformed quartz veins are developed in the Ramba Dome, which records the fluid activity information in the extensional structure. Raman analysis of inclusions in quartz veins in the footwall and hangingwall of the STDS show that the main liquid phase component of inclusions is H2O and the gas phase components are CO2 and CH4. The existence of CO2 and CH4 represents the contribution of deep source fluids. The main source of CO2 is related to regional and contact metamorphism in the Ramba Dome. This data set has been published in the geological journal. Data source and processing method: The experimental work is mainly studied by WiTEC GmbH micro confocal Raman spectroscopy imaging system (alpha300R). The Raman experimental data analysis is completed in the laboratory of WiTEC Beijing demonstration center, using 532 nm laser as excitation light source, and the Raman spectral data is processed by WiTEC Project Five software. Data quality: The scanning area is 8 µm × 7 µ m, including 504 pixels, the integration time of each pixel is 1s, the spatial resolution is 350 nm, the data quality is high and the reliability is strong. Data application achievements and prospects: Through the analysis of mineral facies of inclusions, we observed the spatial distribution, correlation and chemical differences of different components of gas-liquid phase in quartz vein inclusions in Ramba Dome. The experimental method is based on the fast Raman imaging technology with high sensitivity and high resolution, which solves many difficult tests pain points in the geological field. At the same time, WiTEC Raman system provides excellent expansion performance for many scientific research workstations with its open structure, which greatly reduces the difficulty of realizing various in-situ experiments such as high and low temperature, high pressure, and reaction process.
LI Xiaorong, ZHANG Bo
This data set contains zircon U-Pb dating, zircon Hf isotope, whole-rock principal, and trace element data of diorite granite and andesite dacite in Xinjiang area, south of bango, Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The data results are from the Zhai Qingguo research team, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The data are of good quality and can be used to study the ocean closure process of Bangong Lake Nujiang suture in the central Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the subsequent collision process of Lhasa Qiangtang block, magmatism, and the Cretaceous crustal regeneration and reconstruction of Lhasa block in the central and Northern Qinghai Tibet Plateau. At the same time, this data also provides zircon CL images and reflection photos of all samples, zircon location for reference and comparison, and also provides a basis for the chronology of magmatic rocks and zircon genesis in the study area at the same time. Zircon U-Pb age instrument: obtained from laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), zircon Hf isotope instrument: Neptune multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC – ICP – MS), connected by a goals-193 laser ablation system. The main and trace elements of the whole rock are measured by the National Experimental Center (Academy of Geosciences), Major elements: (XRF; Axios – pw4400), trace elements: ICP-MS; PerkinElmer NexION 300D。
WANG Wei
This data includes main and micro geochemical data of the whole rock, 40Ar / 39Ar dating data of phlogopite, and Sr-Nd isotope data of the whole rock. The samples were collected from the edge of the Ramba dome in eastern Tibet. The argon isotope of phlogopite uses the stage heating method, and the plateau age and isochron age are calculated by ArArCALC software; The major elements in the whole rock were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF); Trace elements in the whole rock were measured by Quadrupole Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Q-ICPMS); Sr-Nd isotopic composition was obtained by MC-ICP-MS. The data obtained show that the age of the phlogopite plateau is 13.1 ± 0.18 Ma, which is consistent with the inverse isochron age; The ultrapotassic melt comes from the partial melting of lithospheric mantle in the Indian continent, and the source depth is shallow, so it should be a spinel stable area.
LIU Zhi-Chao
This data includes the main trace geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope data of the whole rock. The samples were collected from four rock bodies in the West Kunlun Pamir area. The main geochemical data of the whole rock are obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the trace elements are obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and the Sr-Nd isotopic data of the whole rock are obtained by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Through the obtained data, the magma source areas are defined as the mixing of Mesoproterozoic ancient basement rocks and juvenile crustal materials, the mixing of meta-igneous rocks, and meta-sedimentary rocks, and Mesoproterozoic ancient basement rocks, which help understand regional magmatism and tectonic evolution.
YIN Jiyuan
Qiangtang Basin is located between the Hoh Xil-Jinsha River tectonic belt and the Bangong-Nu River tectonic belt, is an important petroleum-bearing basin in the Qinghai-Tibet region of China. The basin has multiple sets of source rocks developed in the Mesozoic. The Triassic strata are widely distributed in the basin. Among them, the Upper Triassic has a large thickness and is considered as an important source rock, however, there is still a lack of understanding of its distribution, hydrocarbon generation potential, and major controlling factors. In this paper, the Upper Triassic source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin were studied, and the key samples were taken in the Quemo Co area of the Northern Qiangtang Basin, which was less studied previously. The source rocks were evaluated based on the geochemical characteristics of the samples, and the provenance input and depositional environment of the source rocks were analyzed according to the characteristics of their biomarkers. Combining the results of previous studies on the source rocks of the Upper Triassic Xiaochaka Formation in the Qiangtang Basin, the distribution characteristics, hydrocarbon generation potential, and the controlling factors of the source rocks of the Upper Triassic in the Qiangtang Basin were studied. The analysis results of the samples of the Upper Triassic Bolila Formation and the Bagong Formation source rocks collected in the Quemo Co area of the Northern Qiangtang Basin indicate that the TOC range of the Bolila Formation limestone is 0.03%~0.53% with an average of 0.20%, and the TOC range of the Bagong Formation mudstone is 0.57%~1.78% with an average of 1.04%. Both have reached the effective source rock grade, The source rocks of the Bolila formation reaches the level of medium source rock grade, and the organic matter abundance of the source rocks of the Bagong Formation is higher than that of the Bolila Formation and reach the medium-good source rock grade. The organic matter types of the source rocks are type II 1 , and the Tmax of the organic matter are all higher than 455°C, R O of all samples are 1.3% to 2.0%, the organic matter maturity achieve high mature stage. The organic matter of the source rocks is both the marine aquatic organism and the terrestrial plant, which is a mixed source. The source rocks sedimentary environment should be a reducing environment. The salinity of water body may be the salt water environment. Combining with previous research results, the authors evaluated the source rocks of the Upper Triassic Xiaochaka Formation in the Qiangtang Basin. The organic matter abundance of the argillaceous source rocks can basically reach the medium-good source rock level, carbonate source rocks organic matter abundance basically reach the poor source rock level. The types of the organic matter in carbonate source rocks are mainly Type II 1 and individually Type I. The organic matter types of the argillaceous source rocks are Type II 2 and Type III, and a small amount of the Type II 1 source rocks. The maturity of the source rocks is generally high-mature and over-mature stage, with only a few areas showing mature stage. The argillaceous source rocks are distributed in the Tumen-Sewa area, Zaxiahe-Ganggairi and Woruo Moutain-Geladandong area in the North and South Qiangtang Depression. Carbonate source rocks are mainly distributed in the South Qiangtang Depression. Affected by the regional tectonic movements, the main source rock beds in the Qiangtang Basin have undergone two oil and gas generation processes during the burial process. The Upper Triassic Xiaochaka Formation entered the hydrocarbon generation threshold in in the late Lower Jurassic to early Middle Jurassic and entered the first oil generation period. The basin experienced the last period of intense deformation and shrinkage in the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene and entered the second hydrocarbon generation period.
HAN Zhongpeng
Apatite (U-Th)/He data from the Nuomuhong region of the East Kunlun Shan. Apatite (U-Th)/He analysis was conducted at the State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration using the Australian Scientific Instruments (ASI) Alphachron noble gas mass spectrometer and Agilent 7900 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Reproducibility within each sample were reasonably good. We determine the paleodepth of each sample by measuring the distance perpendicularly from the erosion surface to the sample. All new and published ages are plotted against their paleodepth. The age-paleodepth relationship shows a break in slope at ~25 Ma, which is interpreted to initiation of thrusting at northern margin of the East Kunlun Shan.
LI Chaopeng, ZHENG Dewen
This data set includes cathodoluminescence images (CL images) of detrital zircons from sandstone of Late Carboniferous-Late Permian strata in the Southern Qiangtang terrane and Early Cretaceous Hauterivian-Albian strata in the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone, Tibetan Plateau. The sampling and shooting time is 2018-2019. The sampling areas of Late Carboniferous-Late Permian strata are Jiaco and Ritu areas of the Southern Qiangtang terrane. The sampling areas of Early Cretaceous Hauterivian-Albian strata are Baerqiao, Mabujiaco, Duochang and Kama areas of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone. CL images were taken in the Continental Dynamics Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China These data provide a key limit for understanding the closing of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone. The opening time of Bangong‐Nujiang Ocean is limited to 300-279Ma, and the closing time is limited to 110-100 Ma, which is of great significance to explore the tectonic evolution of Tethys Ocean. The related articles of the data set have been published in the well-known journals《Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology》,《Tectonics》,《Geoscience Frontiers》, and the data results are true and reliable.
FAN Jianjun
This data set is the zircon cathodoluminescence image data (CL image) and chronology data set of rencuo ophiolite in the central Qinghai Xizang Plateau. The lithology of the sample includes gabbro, diabase and plagioclase granite. The formation age is about 160-150ma, and the sampling and shooting time is 2019-2020. The separation of zircon was completed in Hebei Regional Geological Survey Institute. Conventional heavy liquid and magnetic separation methods were used for separation, and finally pure zircon was selected under binocular microscope. The sample target was prepared in the Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The diameter of the sample target was 25 mm. The cathode fluorescence image analysis of zircon was completed on the cathode fluorescence analysis system of Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (Hitach s-3000n field emission environmental scanning electron microscope and chroma cathode fluorescence spectrometer of Gatan company). Zircon U-Pb dating data were obtained by shrimp II ion probe of Beijing ion probe center, and the data accuracy was ~ 0.5-1ma. These data provide a key limit for understanding the formation and evolution of the Tethys ocean in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and have comparative significance for the study of oceanic zircons. The data association results have been published in the Geological Society of America Bulletin. The data results have been peer reviewed and the data quality is true and reliable.
TANG Yue TANG Yue
Data content: This data set is the quantitative comprehensive mineral facies analysis data of tectonite from RAMBA gneiss dome obtained by the Tescan Integrated Mineral Analyzer. The data includes the type, content, structural characteristics, distribution characteristics of the whole mineral facies in the tectonite, as well as the type, abundance and main hosted mineral facies information of the full spectrum elements. Data source and processing method: The data were obtained by four high spatial and temporal resolution EDAX energy spectrometers mounted on a Tescan field emission scanning electron microscope. The electrons outside the atomic nucleus of a measuring point on the mineral surface are bombarded by a high-energy electron beam, the transition between different energy levels or excited to escape into free electrons and release photons with a certain energy. The type and content of the mineral element can be accurately calibrated by the signals captured by different energy channels of the energy spectrum detector. Then, automatic comparison and matching are carried out in the database with nearly 5000 mineral phases, so as to fulfill the accurate determination of mineral phases and the element abundance mapping. The voltage is 25 kV, the working distance is 15mm, and the spot size is 100nm. Data quality description: Due to four energy spectrum detectors being equipped, the data acquisition time is short, the accuracy is high, the requirements for sample morphology are low, the detection limit is low, the data quality is very high and strongly reliable. Data application achievements and prospects: Sample size is 27mm x 47mm standard optical thin section, scanning area is full slice scanning with High-resolution scanning mode, and the step size is set to 1μm. Through data analysis, we have obtained the mineral assemblage characteristics of each structural unit of the Ramba gneiss dome, completed the metamorphic grade and metamorphic facies zoning, and put forward the structural thermal evolution model of the Ramba gneiss dome. This technic has been widely recognized and used in structural geology, petrology, geochronology, ore selecting, metallurgy, metal processing and manufacturing, and other disciplines and industries.
CHEN Siyu
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