（1）An Ms 6.0 earthquake struck Changning county, Sichuan basin, SW China on 17 June 2019, which caused huge casualties and economic losses. Four Ms greater than 5.0 events subsequently occurred around the Changning source area, three of which occurred within one week. In order to better understand the mechanism of these moderate-sized earthquakes, we determine 3-D high-resolution velocity models around the source area simultaneously relocating earthquakes using double-difference tomography. In the present study, we use a total of 53,487 P-wave and 52,527 S-wave arrival times from 8818 events recorded at 39 seismic stations. Our results show that focal depths of the Changning mainshock and most aftershocks are ~5–10 km, and they form a fault plane with a steep dip angle. Most earthquakes are underlain by the zone with low Vp, low Vs, and high Vp/Vs anomalies, reflecting the existence of fluids there. These results suggest that the Changning mainshock and other moderate-sized earthquakes might be associated with the influence of fluids that could decrease effective normal stress on the fault planes. These fluids might be related to the hot and wet mantle upwelling in the big mantle wedge due to the deep subduction of the Indian plate down to the mantle transition zone. A clear high-to-low velocity transition zone is observed at ~10 km depth beneath the Gongxian and Xingwen swarms, which matches well with the detachment layer revealed by deep seismic soundings in the area. All these results suggest that the structural contrast could control the mainshock generation and aftershock extension. （2）The Tanlu fault zone is the most significant active fault in eastern China, which generated the great 1668 Tancheng earthquake (M 8.5). It is still unclear whether or not there is a link between the great earthquake generation and the upper-mantle structure. To address this issue, we study P-wave upper-mantle tomography beneath eastern China using 44,047 teleseismic P-wave arrival times. Our results show that at depths<150 km, high-velocity (high-V) anomalies appear west of the Tanlu fault zone, whereas low-velocity (low-V) anomalies are visible east of the fault zone. Strong lateral heterogeneities are revealed along the fault zone. At depths of 230–470 km, northwest of the Tanlu fault zone, there are obvious low-V anomalies that may reflect hot and wet mantle upwelling, whereas to the east high-V anomalies are visible, which may reflect the detached Eurasian lithosphere (downwelling). In the mantle transition zone (MTZ), both high-V and low-V anomalies are revealed, and the widespread high-V anomalies may reflect the stagnant Pacific slab. Beneath the hypocenter of the 1668 Tancheng earthquake, intermittent low-V anomalies are revealed in the upper mantle down to the MTZ depth, which may reflect hot and wet mantle upwelling flow. Integrating the present results with previous findings, we deem that the Tancheng earthquake was affected by fluids from the hot and wet mantle upwelling associated with the lithospheric delamination. Complicated mantle convection, including both upwelling and downwelling flows, may occur under the Tanlu fault zone in the big mantle wedge above the stagnant Pacific slab in the MTZ. （3）Since the occurrence of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms8.0), many researchers have conducted extensive seismological and geophysical observations and investigations and obtained important results about the Longmenshan fault zone. Crustal structure inferred from local tomography shows that seismic velocity exhibits significant changes across the Wenchuan earthquake hypocenter from the south to the north. To the south, obvious low-velocity (low-V) anomalies exist, whereas strong lateral heterogeneities are revealed to the north, which may explain why the aftershocks extend northeastward. The Wenchuan earthquake occurred at the boundary between high-velocity (high-V) and low-V anomalies and a significant low-V zone is revealed below the mainshock hypocenter, suggesting that the nucleation of the Wenchuan earthquake was related to partial melts and/or fluid effects and associated with the reduction of effective normal stress on the fault plane, due to high temperature and high pressure in the Longmenshan fault zone caused by the India-Asia collision. The upper-mantle structure inferred from teleseismic tomography shows that the Longmenshan fault zone is located in the transition zone from low-V anomalies beneath the Songpan-Ganzi block to high-V anomalies beneath the Sichuan basin. This structural feature extends down to 200−300 km depths. High-V anomalies in the mantle transition zone are connected with those in the upper mantle beneath the Burma arc, indicating that the Wenchuan earthquake could be associated with upwelling of hot and wet materials in the big mantle wedge formed by the deep subduction of the Indian plate. These results suggest that the generation of the Wenchuan earthquake was related to structural heterogeneities in not only the crust but also the upper mantle. In addition, the Wenchuan earthquake may be related to the lower crustal flow, crustal shortening and Zipingpu Reservoir triggering.
LEI Jianshe, ZHANG Bing
The 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake (Mw 7.8) ruptured the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) and allows direct measurements of the behavior of the continental collision zone. We study the MHT using seismic waveforms recorded by local stations that completely cover the aftershock zone (Event catalog 1.docx and Event catalog 2.docx). We obtained the velocity structure beneath the study zone (Velocity.dat). The MHT exhibits clear lateral variation along geologic strike, with the Lesser Himalayan ramp having moderate dip on the MHT beneath the mainshock area and a flatter and deeper MHT beneath the eastern end of the aftershock zone. East of the aftershock zone, seismic wave speed increases at MHT depths, perhaps due to subduction of an Indian basement ridge. A similar magnitude wave speed change occurs at the western end of the aftershock zone. These gross morphological structures of the MHT controlled the rupture length of the Gorkha earthquake.
The global seismic waveform data of magnitude 7 or above recorded by 10 seismic stations in the Himalaya region (from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020), including the name and location of stations, and the clear seismic waveform of each event filtered by the seismic event directory (the seismic directory is from USGS) to 10 stations. The waveform data is clipped to 100s before and 300s after the arrival of P wave, and the format is sac format. The header contains station information, event information, azimuth and other information. It is named in the form of "network. Station name. Channel. Component. D. year. Julian day - time. 000000. Event".
BAI Ling
The data include the location information of 14 seismic stations in Sichuan Basin, the teleseismic receiver function waveform (Gauss coefficient is 5.0) and the thickness and VP / vs ratio of sedimentary and bedrock layers obtained by multi-layer H-K superposition method. By selecting the epicentral distance of 30-90 degrees and the teleseismic events greater than 5.5 degrees recorded by 4 fixed stations set up by China Seismological Bureau and 10 mobile stations set up by Institute of Geology and Geophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences from 2010 to 2012 in the study area, the time domain iterative deconvolution method is used to obtain the radial convergence function. The results show that: the thickness of sedimentary layer is mainly distributed in 4.2-7.6 km, and the wave velocity ratio is generally more than 1.87; the thickness of bedrock is mainly distributed in 33.4-41.8 km, and the wave velocity ratio is generally less than 1.74. The uploaded data provide valuable data and information for others to further study the structural characteristics of Sichuan Basin.
WEI Zigen
The data include the location information of 154 seismic stations in the middle and southern segment of Tan Lu fault zone and its adjacent area, the teleseismic receiver function waveform and the crustal S-wave velocity inversed by receiver function (Gauss coefficient is 5.0) and surface wave. By selecting 63 fixed stations set up by China Seismological Bureau and 91 mobile stations set up by Institute of Geology and Geophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences with observation time of one year to record 30-90 degree epicentral distance and events with magnitude greater than 5.5, the time domain iterative deconvolution method of CPS program is used to extract the radial convergence function. The results show that the Moho depth and the average VP / vs ratio of the crust in the study area mainly vary in the range of 25-38km and 1.65-1.95, respectively, and the crustal structure is roughly divided into three parts from south to north along the Cretaceous tiefuling fault and Triassic Lu'an fault and their eastward extension. The uploaded data provide valuable data and information for others to further study the structural characteristics of the Tan Lu fault zone and its adjacent areas.
The data set is mainly shown in the article https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2020.106617, which includes the distribution of the average thickness of the crust and the average Vp/Vs ratio of the crust based on the h-kappa stacking of the P-wave receiver functions on 42 stations near the Dahutang mining area in Jiangxi Province. The dataset contains 1 file in DAT format: Dahutang_ moho_ vpvs.dat。 The data set can be used to show the Moho undulation feature of the Dahutang mining area, perspective the transverse distribution characteristics of crust and crustal wave velocity ratio in Dahutang polymetallic metallogenic area, and then discuss the difference of average composition of crust inside and outside the mining area.
DENG Yangfan
The data set is mainly shown in the article https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2019.04.003 In the study of the. In this study, 19 inversion points were selected based on the seismic stations in the Cathaysia Block. Under the constraint of shallow P-wave velocity, the joint inversion of the P-wave receiver function and surface wave dispersion was carried out, and the S-wave velocity structure under the station was obtained. The dataset contains 19 files in the format of DAT, such as cathaysia01.velocity.dat. The data set can be used to show the velocity structure of the lithosphere in the Cathaysia Block and to see the deep mechanism corresponding to a large amount of granite outcropping in the area.
DENG Yangfan
The data include the location information of 17 seismic stations in Hanzhong Basin and its surrounding area, the teleseismic receiver function waveform and the crustal S-wave velocity inversed by receiver function and surface wave. Among them, each station includes two receiving functions, the Gaussian coefficient is 2.0, which are in the range of 30-60 ° And 60-90 ° The waveform superimposed within the epicentral distance. Based on the epicentral distance of 30-90 degrees and teleseismic events with magnitude greater than 5.5 recorded by 6 fixed stations set up by China Seismological Bureau for 2 years (2012-2014) and 11 mobile stations set up by Institute of Surveying and Geophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences in December 2017, the time domain iterative deconvolution method of CPS program is used to extract the receiver function. The results show that the thickness and velocity of shallow sediments are different in different areas of Hanzhong Basin, the velocity changes gently in some areas of Moho, and the distribution of the upper and lower interfaces of focal depth (4-16 km) corresponds to the bottom layer of low velocity body and the top layer of high velocity body. The uploaded data provide valuable data and information for others to further study the structural characteristics of Hanzhong Basin and its adjacent areas.
WEI Zigen
The data set is mainly shown in the article https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2019.04.003 The study includes the distribution of the average thickness of the crust and the average velocity ratio of the crust obtained by stacking the P-wave receiver function h-kappa-c of stations in Cathaysia Block. The dataset contains one file in DAT format: Cathaysia_ moho_ vpvs.dat。 The data set can be used to show the undulation characteristics of Moho in the Cathaysia Block, to see the transverse distribution characteristics of crustal thickness and crustal wave velocity ratio in the Cathaysia Block, and to explore the difference of average crustal composition in the Cathaysia Block.
DENG Yangfan
We compiled the Seismotectonic Map and Seismic Hazard Zonation Map of Central Asia using the ArcGIS platform through data collecting and digitization. The seismotectonic map of Western Asia covers Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. The seismotectonic map is replenished with tremendous amount published data and depicts the location, character and name of the seismogenic faults or active faults and the epicenter of earthquakes with M ≥ 5 from 1960 to 2010. The zonation map shows the mean values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) with 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. The two maps can not only be used in the research of active faults and seismic risks in Central Asia, but also will be applied to the seismic safety evaluation for infrastructure construction.
LUO Hao
The data include the location information of 23 seismic stations in Linfen Rift Valley and its surrounding areas and the teleseismic receiver function waveforms. By selecting the 30-90 degree epicentral distance and more than 5.5 earthquake events recorded by 23 high-frequency mobile seismic stations deployed by Institute of Surveying and Geophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences in November 2017 with observation duration of one month, the radial convergence function is extracted by using the time domain iterative deconvolution method of CPS program. The results show that there are low velocity bodies of different scales in the middle and lower crust of Linfen rift area, and the depth of seismogenic layer increases from ~ 25km to ~ 34km from south to north, which roughly corresponds to the bottom interface of low velocity bodies in the crust; Most of the relocation earthquakes are located in the transition zone between high and low velocity bodies, one of which has a focal depth of 32km. The m7.75 Linfen earthquake is located in the high velocity body, and the M8.0 Hongdong earthquake is located at the bottom of the high velocity body. The uploaded data provide valuable data and information for others to further study the structural characteristics of Linfen Rift Valley and its adjacent areas.
WEI Zigen
The data includes earthquakes at various levels across the country from 2300 BC to 2005 AD. There are a total of more than 330,000 catalogs, each of which includes earthquake time, epicenter longitude, epicenter latitude, focal depth, positioning accuracy, and magnitude. This data was first released by the National Seismological Bureau. The China Earthquake Catalog contains a Mapinfo layer (Total_0510Time) and files with the extensions .TAB, .MAP, .DAT, .ID. Their functions are as follows: TAB: the main file, including the table data structure and entity data format fields; MAP: a geographic data file containing map objects; ID: the index file of the graphic object file (MAP); DAT: Form data file.
MA Jin
This data set is collected from the supplementary information part of the paper: Pei, S.P., Niu, F.L., Ben-Zion, Y., Sun, Q., Liu, Y.B., Xue, X.T., Su,J.R., & Shao, Z.G. (2019). Seismic velocity reduction and accelerated recovery due to earthquakes on the Longmenshan fault. Nature Geoscience. 12. 387-392. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0347-1. This paper studies the structural evolution process of The Longmenshan fault zone located at a pronounced topographic boundary between the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau and the western Sichuan basin. With the observations on coseismic velocity reductions and the healing phases, it is found that the healing phase of Wenchuan earthquake fracture zone accelerated significantly in response to the Lushan earthquake. This data set contains 3 tables, table names and content are as follows: Data list: The data name list of the rest tables; t1: Data of the four periods (befor Wenchuan earthquake, after Wenchuan earthquake, before Lushan earthquake, after Lushan earthquake); t2: The average velocities with error in Figure 2 in the paper for Wenchuan earthquake (WCEQ) and Lushan earthquake (LSEQ) area. See attachments for data details: Supplementary information.pdf, Seismic velocity reduction and accelerated recovery due to earthquakes on the Longmenshan fault.pdf.
PEI Shunping
The data are the radioactive isotope dating data, mineral isotope composition data and seismic wave velocity data of metamorphic rocks in the lower crust. The samples were collected from Cenozoic basalts and felsic granulite, neutral granulite and basic granulite xenoliths in Nushan area, Anhui Province, southeastern North China Craton. The U-Pb isotopic data were obtained by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The data of mineral isotopic composition were obtained by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Rock seismic wave data are estimated by binocular lens and calculated by empirical formula. The obtained data reconstruct the fine structure and evolution of the lower crust in the southeastern margin of North China.
PING Xianquan
The data include the cross-correlation function extracted from the continuous seismic background noise data of vertical component recorded by 54 fixed seismic stations and 17 mobile seismic stations in Jiuyishan and its adjacent area from May 2016 to June 2017, and the final inversion of crustal S-wave velocity. The dispersion curves of group velocity and phase velocity of 2-40s are obtained by time-frequency analysis. The inversion imaging results show that the structural characteristics of the crust and upper mantle of the Yangtze block and the Cathaysian Block are significantly different. The S-wave velocity distribution map of 10-20km shows linear and continuous low velocity anomalies, which may be the specific boundary between the Yangtze block and the Cathaysian Block. The imaging results provide seismological constraints for understanding the tectonic evolution history of South China. The uploaded data provide valuable data and information for others to further study the structural characteristics of Jiuyi mountain and its adjacent areas.
This data set is used to analyze the global activity level of strong earthquakes (Mw 5) in the past 30 years, and to present it spatially. It can be used to obtain the distribution areas of strong earthquakes with high frequency and activity level in recent years. By comparing the distribution of strong earthquakes in 2018 with that in 1989-2018, the distribution characteristics of global strong earthquakes in 2018 are obtained. The original data of strong earthquakes are from USGS, and the local density is calculated as frequency information. The magnitudes of all earthquake cases are interpolated globally, and then the frequency and magnitude are multiplied as the activity level of strong earthquakes. The data set is in TIff format with a spatial resolution of about 80 km. The data set can provide a reference for the analysis of strong earthquake activity level on the global scale, and is helpful for the analysis of global earthquake risk and the construction of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction system.
Chen Jin, Tang Hong, WU Jianjun, ZHOU Hongmin
The Tibetan Plateau has strong seismic activity, which is driven by the subduction and collision of the Indian plate between the Eurasian plate and the deformation of the plateau. There are 2854 earthquakes with Magnitude 4.7 or larger have occurred in Plateau region (north latitude 20-40 degrees and east longitude 70-105 degrees) since 1970. Among them, 3 earthquakes with Magnitude 8 or larger, 33 earthquakes with Magnitude 7.0-7.9， 192 earthquakes with Magnitude 6.0-6.9 and 1152 earthquakes with Magnitude 5.0-5.9 have occurred. Earthquakes occurred mainly along the faults in and around the Plateau.
WANG Ji
The Tibetan Plateau region has strong seismic activity, which is driven by the subduction collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate and the internal deformation of the plateau. A total of 5030 earthquakes of magnitude M≥5.0 have occurred on the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas (20-40°N, 70-105°E) . Historical records since the present ( December 2021), including 20 earthquakes of magnitude M≥8, 154 earthquakes of magnitude M=7.0-7.9, 913 earthquakes of magnitude M=6.0-6.9, and 3943 earthquakes of magnitude M=5.0-5.9. The earthquakes occurred mainly along the large faults zones around and within the Tibetan Plateau.
WANG Ji
The Pan-Third Polar region has strong seismic activity, which is driven by the subduction and collision of the Indian plate, the Arab plate and the Eurasian plate. 18806 earthquakes with Magnitude 5 or larger have occurred in Pan-Third Polar region (north latitude 0-56 degrees and east longitude 43-139 degrees) since 1960. Among them, 4 earthquakes with Magnitude 8 or larger, 187 earthquakes with Magnitude 7.0-7.9， 1625 earthquakes with Magnitude 6.0-6.9 and 16990 earthquakes with Magnitude 5.0-5.9 have occurred. Earthquakes occurred mainly in the foothills of the India-Myanmar Mountains, the Himalaya Mountains, the Sulaiman Mountains, where the India Plate collided with the Eurasian plate, and the Zagros Mountains where the Arab plate collided with the Eurasian plate.
WANG Ji
We use waveform cross-correlation to analyze the recordings of eight earthquakes (2009-2018) beneath the Indian Ocean at stations from the Chinese Digital Seismic Network. We obtain 929 high quality residual traveltime differences between the phases ScS and S (Differential traveltimes.dat). We interpret variations of δt up to 10 seconds as due to horizontal shear-velocity variations in D” beneath northern India, Nepal, and southwestern China. The shear velocity can vary by as much as 7% over distances shorter than 300 km. Our observations provide additional observational evidence that compositional heterogeneity and possibly melt contribute to the seismic structure of the lower mantle characterized by long-term subduction and mantle downwelling.
LI Guohui, BAI Ling
We compiled the Seismic Zonation Map of Western Asia using the ArcGIS platform through data collecting and digitization. The Seismic Zonation map of Western Asia covers Iran and its surrounding countries and regions. Based on the “Major active faults of Iran” map, the map is replenished with massive published data and depicts the location and nature of the seisogenic faults or active faults and the epicenter of earthquakes with M ≥ 5 from 1960 to 2019. The zonation map shows the mean values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) with 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. The two maps can not only be used in the research of active faults and seismic risks in Western Asia, but also will be applied to the seismic safety evaluation for infrastructure construction.
LIU Zhicheng
The dataset partially used in the study of paper 2018GC007986 includes S receiver functions derived from 48 permanent stations and 11 stations of a temporary HY array deployed in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The dataset as a zipped file contains one folder, two files including NETibet_SRF.QBN and NETibet_SRF.QHD. A spiking deconvolution in the time domain is used to calculate the P and S receiver functions, all the S receiver functions have been visually inspected to remove the bad traces that obviously different from the majority. The dataset is applied to explore the lithospheric structure and understand the mechanism of northeastern expansion and growth of NE Tibetan Plateau.
XU Qiang
Through the joint inversion of seismic waveforms and InSAR coseismic displacement data, our study revealed the spatiotemporal and spatial source rupture processprocesses of the two strong earthquakes that occurred in struck the eastern Tibetan Plateau atin May 2021. The results show that the Yangbi earthquake, which occurred in along the southeastern margin of the TibetTibetan Plateau, was a Mw6.1 event with characterized by unilateral right-dextral strike-slip rupture and 8s an 8 s duration. The In addition, the Maduo earthquake, which occurred in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, was a Mw7.5 event with characterized by left-sinistral lateral-strike- slip extendedextending along both sides of the earthquake seismogenic fault and 36sa 36 s duration. The rupture properties of these two strong earthquakes reflect the deformation characteristics of different parts of the eastern Tibetan Plateau,. and also These events also caused the increase of the Coulomb stress of the surrounding active faults to increase, so we should pay attention to the risk potential of future earthquakes should be evaluated.
WANG Weimin
The Pan-Third Polar region has strong seismic activity, which is driven by the subduction and collision of the Indian plate, the Arab plate and the Eurasian plate. 3809 earthquakes with Magnitude 6 or larger have occurred in Pan-Third Polar region (north latitude 0-56 degrees and east longitude 43-139 degrees) since 1960. Among them, 59 earthquakes with Magnitude 8 or larger, 689 earthquakes with Magnitude 7.0-7.9 and 3061 earthquakes with Magnitude 6.0-6.9 have occurred. Earthquakes occurred mainly in the foothills of the India-Myanmar Mountains, the Himalaya Mountains, the Sulaiman Mountains, where the India Plate collided with the Eurasian plate, and the Zagros Mountains where the Arab plate collided with the Eurasian plate.
WANG Ji
The reconstruction of the craton by the mantle plume and its subsequent dynamic effects are important scientific issues related to the formation and evolution of the craton. Emeishan Large Igneous Province is located in the western margin of Yangtze craton, which is an ideal window to study the effect of mantle plume on craton reformation. With the support of the national key research and development program "Deep Process and Resource Effect of Important Yanshanian Events" (Grant 2016YFC0600400), the mantle deformation characteristics of Emeishan Large Igneous Province were obtained by using teleseismic shear wave (sks, SKKS and PKS) splitting; Combined with the wave velocity structure, geothermal flow and volcanic rock distribution, it reveals the strengthening effect of mantle plume on the craton and the profound influence of the strengthened lithosphere on the present deep process of the southeastern margin of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau; At the same time, it also provides a new perspective for further understanding the origin of seismic anisotropy at the top of the upper mantle and asthenosphere demonstrator interaction.
LI Wei CHEN Yun
Supported by the national key R & D Program "deep processes and resource effects of Yanshanian major geological events" project "comprehensive geophysical exploration and deep processes of key corridors", we completed two OBS wide-angle seismic profiles in the East China Sea shelf area in 2017 and 2019. Based on the obtained OBS Data, the deep crustal structure of the East China Sea shelf is obtained by using the forward and inversion methods of tomography. The velocity structure reveals that the crustal thickness decreases from 30km in Zhejiang Fujian orogenic belt to 15km in continental shelf basin, and the corresponding crustal velocity changes from 4.40-7.15km/s to 4.30-6.90km/s. Based on the previous studies, we find that there are high magnetic anomalies in Zhejiang Fujian orogenic belt. We think that the crustal structure of Zhejiang Fujian orogenic belt is quite different from that of continental shelf basin. The East China Sea may not be the extension of South China continental margin; There is a high velocity anomaly with a width of about 50km and a velocity of 7.15km/s at the junction of Zhejiang Fujian orogenic belt and continental shelf basin. We speculate that the anomaly is a Mesozoic suture zone, and the high velocity anomaly is related to the magmatic activity caused by plate tearing when the paleo Pacific plate subducted and retreated.
DING Weiwei, WEI Xiaodong
The data set is mainly shown in the article https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2020.106617. The S-wave velocity structure under the station is obtained by using the joint inversion of the P-wave receiver function and the group velocity dispersion of 42 stations located near the Dahutang mining area in Jiangxi Province. The dataset contains 42 files in the format of DAT: for example, dahutang.jx46.velocity.dat. The data set represents the lithospheric velocity structure of the Dahutang mining area and understands the deep mechanism of Dahutang polymetallic mineralization.
DENG Yangfan
Seismic anisotropy imposes first-order constraints on the strain history of crust and upper mantle rocks. In this study, we analyze the mantle seismic anisotropy of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin using a new shear wave spitting data set consisting of 1,333 teleseismic arrivals from 82 seismic stations. The resulting 332 high-quality measurements yield a regional mean apparent splitting time (i.e., the magnitude of anisotropy) of 1.10.3s and an average fast orientation (i.e., the direction of anisotropy) of 54.6 degrees 17.2 degrees, which favor a two-layer anisotropic model based on the 90 degrees back azimuthal periodicity in both parameters. The northeast trending fast orientations dominate the lower layer at lithospheric depths and are approximately parallel to the present-day absolute plate motions (APMs; i.e., <35 degrees) due to the active asthenospheric flow. On the other hand, deviations from the APMs along the Canadian Rocky Mountain foothills could reflect disrupted mantle flow surrounding a southwestward migrating cratonic lithosphere. Also revealed are two elongated upper-layer anisotropic anomalies in the lithosphere that are spatially correlated with Moho depths. Their characteristics suggest frozen-in anisotropy imprinted along two convergent boundaries: (1) the Paleoproterozoic Snowbird Tectonic Zone that separates northeast (north) from northwest (south) fast directions and (2) the foothills of the Rocky Mountains that exhibit northeast trending orientations consistent with those of the APMs, maximum crustal stress, and electromagnetic anisotropy. Compressions associated with the Cordilleran orogenesis could be responsible for the spatial changes in the shear wave anisotropy from the foothills to the cratonic interior.
WU Lei
Data content: this data set is the EBSD and TIMA analysis and test results and seismic wave calculation results of mylonitic amphibolite in the southeast edge of Tibet Plateau. The EBSD test results obtain the crystal orientation data (CPO) of amphibole, mica and plagioclase. The mineral composition of the whole rock and the corresponding percentage content are obtained from the TIMA test results.The seismic properties is based on EBSD and TIMA data calculated by ANIS_ctf software. Data source and processing method: EBSD analysis was completed by FEI FEG-650 scanning electron microscope equipped with EBSD probe in the Key Laboratory of orogenic belt and crustal evolution, School of earth and Space Sciences, Peking University. The accelerating voltage is 20kV and the working distance is 18 mm., In order to avoid the error caused by mineral particle size to the calculation of orientation difference density function (ODF), we manually collected the crystal orientation data (CPO) of main minerals amphibole, mica and plagioclase by using EBSD point analysis mode of hkl Aztec software. The data of TIMA comes from the Key Laboratory of orogenic belt and crustal evolution of the Ministry of education of Peking University and is obtained by four high spatial and temporal resolution EDAX energy spectrometers mounted on tescan field emission scanning electron microscope. The test voltage is 25kV, the working distance is 15mm, and the beam spot is 100nm. Description of data quality: the sample is a 27mm x 47mm standard sheet. EBSD test adopts manual point analysis mode, which avoids the error caused by mineral particle size to the calculation of orientation difference density function (ODF), and removes inaccurate identification points (MAD > 1.3 °), with high data quality and strong reliability. The TIMA scanning area is full film scanning, the scanning mode is high resolution, and the step size is set to 1 μ m。 Because four energy spectrum detectors are equipped, the data acquisition time is short, the accuracy is high, the requirements for sample morphology are low, the detection limit is low, the data quality is high and the reliability is strong. Data application achievements and prospects: through the analysis of EBSD and TIMA data, we have defined the mineral assemblage characteristics of the lower crust on the southeast Tibet Plateau, which can be used for the calculation of rock seismic wave attributes and the study of the deformation model of the lower crust on the southeast edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
HUANG Baoyou
The researchers of the research group carried out field investigation on the typical "wide and gentle" gully debris flow gully - Wenchuan Qipan gully and "narrow and steep" gully debris flow gully - Beichuan Qinglin gully branch. Through the field particle screening test of typical channel deposits in qipangou, and the qualitative and quantitative description of channel shape and typical channel section, it is found that the wide and gentle channel material source has the characteristics of "wide gradation, weak consolidation and easy stratification"; In addition, the debris flow accumulation samples of Qinglin gully branch gully are selected for on-site particle screening test, and the clay content, porosity and shear strength of the test soil samples are determined.
ZHANG Youyi
We compiled the Seismotectonic Map and Seismic Hazard Zonation Map of South Asia using the ArcGIS platform through data collecting and digitization. The seismotectonic map of South Asia covers India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The seismotectonic map is replenished with tremendous amount published data and depicts the location, character and name of the seismogenic faults or active faults and the epicenter of earthquakes with M ≥ 5 from 1960 to 2021. The zonation map shows the mean values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) with 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. The two maps can not only be used in the research of active faults and seismic risks in South Asia, but also will be applied to the seismic safety evaluation for infrastructure construction.
CHENG Li
The data include the location information of 255 seismic stations in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, North China Craton and South China block junction area, teleseismic receiver function waveform, HK result and crustal S-wave velocity inversion using receiver function (Gauss coefficient is 2.0) and surface wave. Based on the data of 30-90 degree epicentral distance and more than 5.5 earthquake events recorded by 146 fixed stations set up by China Seismological Bureau for 2 years and 109 mobile stations set up by Institute of Geology and Geophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences for 12-18 months, the time domain iterative deconvolution method of CPS program is used to extract the radial convergence function. The results show that: the crust structure of the typical craton is still preserved in the core area of Ordos and Sichuan Basin, and the low velocity layer of the central crust of the East-West collision subduction of the North China Craton in the south of Ordos is not preserved. The lower crust of Sichuan basin may have been embedded into the crust of Qinghai Tibet Plateau along the Longmen Mountain; The West Qinling and the boundary area of Qinling Dabie orogenic belt have thick crust, low wave velocity ratio and high S-wave velocity structure. The uploaded data provide valuable data and information for others to further study the structural characteristics of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas.
This data comes from the result of teleseismic data, mainly including the velocity and radial anisotropic structures beneath western Tibet. In the process of processing, bandwidth filtering is adopted, and the filtering range is 0.05-2 Hz. Due to the use of teleseismic data, the cross-correlation method is used in the acquisition process to "align" the waveform. The data quality is good, because the extracted data are all from the earthquakes with magnitude greater than 5.0 located in the global seismic catalog, and each event has an obvious take-off point. The data can be used by other seismologists to reconstruct and analyze the underground structures in this area.
ZHANG Heng
The data is the near seismic waveform of nangabawa short period dense seismic array, which contains the original seismic waveform and the preprocessed seismic waveform. The original data are the seismic waveforms cut according to four near earthquake events (Ms 5.2 in Tangshan, Hebei, Ms 5.4 in Huocheng, Xinjiang, Ms 4.2 and Ms 4.0 in Bomi, Tibet). The waveform length is 120s before P wave and 1800s after P wave. Preprocessing includes re-cut the waveform (- 20-100s), band-pass filtering (the frequency band range used in Tangshan, Hebei and Huocheng, Xinjiang is 0.1-1hz, and Bomi, in Tibet is 0.1-2hz), rtrend, rmean, and the ZNE component is rotated to the ZRT component. The quality of the data is good.The fine structure of underground lithosphere can be analyzed by near earthquake waveform.
SHEN Xuzhang
The data was collected in Qiangtang (2020.11-2020.12) and Altyn-Tagh (2021.11-2022.01). Four natural seismicity, six near-earthquakes and two teleseisms were recorded by 361 short-period seismometers from Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020. And 315 short-period seismometers recorded five near-earthquakes and two teleseisms (including the mangya earthquake with m5.3 in Qinghai province on December 19, 2021) from November 11, 2021 to November 1, 2022. After data preprocessing (de-mean, de-linear trend and taper), we cut the events recorded by the seismometer with a fixed width of 1500s from the time of earthquake occurrence for each seismic event(i.e., the time range of each seismic event data is [begin, begin +1500s]). For the active source signals recorded, since the node instrument records continuous signals for a month, the signals recorded by each instrument are intercepted according to the initiation time and location, and the seismic records for 200s are intercepted from the initiation time. After time correction, data of each shot were de-mean, de-linear trend and taper.
LI Lun
The passive seismic data was collected from 20 portable broadband stations deployed in the intersection of the Pamir, the Tarim basin and the Tianshan orogenic belt between October 2019 and July 2020. The waveforms were cut 50 s prior to and 150 s after the P wave arrival. Seismic events were chosen with magnitudes greater than or equal to 6.0 and epicentral distance range of 30-95°. The data can be used in seismic tomography，shear wave splitting and receiver function technique to obtain the high-resolution crustal and upper mantle velocity structure, the depths of typical discontinuities and the anisotropic characteristics, provide vital constraints on elucidating the intracontinental deformation mechanism in response to India-Asia collision.
XU Qiang
The dataset is the teleseismic waveform data from the Gyirong – Peiku Tso short-period dense seismic array profile. The data can be used to receiver function methods to probe the structure of the crust and upper mantle. The Gyirong – Peiku Tso profile crosses the north-south Gyirong Rift, and the data are derived from 134 short-period seismic stations set up by the subject group along the east-west Gyirong – Peiku Tso profile, with strict site selection and good data quality. This profile provides an important scientific basis for revealing the velocity discontinuity morphology below the Chilung Rift Valley, i.e., the interfacial extension of the Indian continent swooping northward in the crust below the Himalayan zonation, and for further understanding the lateral changes of the MHT interface and the dynamics of the east-west extension of the Tibetan Plateau.
XU Qiang
Seismic observations can be used to constrain the seismic velocity structures and deformation patterns of the crust and upper mantle. The southeastern Iranian plateau is the transitional zone from subduction to collision. The study of this region can provide an important basis for understanding the dynamic progresses of the plate convergence and associated tectonic responses. The data comes from the portable seismic array deployed by this research group. The site selection requirements are strict. All stations are equipped with Trillium 120PA seismometer (120 s-175 Hz) and Taurus digital collector. This data set is the waveform data from the first 100 s to the last 200 s of the direct P wave. Event magnitudes are greater than or equal to 5.0, and epicenter distances range from 30° to 90°. The data can be used to decipher the deep dynamic processes of the subduction-collision transition zone.
CHEN Ling
The data set is the three-dimensional S-wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropic model in Sichuan-Yunnan region obtained by applying ambient noise tomography. First, the seismic waveform data is applied from National Earthquake Data Center and collected from deployed seismic stations. Using the collected seismic waveform data, we intercept waveform per each day and remove the mean and trend and filter the waveform. We invert the three-dimensional S-wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropic model in Sichuan-Yunnan region by applying the ambient noise tomography. The model can be used for further study on valuable scientific issues such as the mechanism of the large earthquakes preparation, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
GAO Yuan
The data set is the three-dimensional lithospheric S-wave Q-value model data in the surrounding areas of Sichuan and Yunnan obtained by using the full waveform based adjoint attenuation imaging method. First, apply to the data backup center of the national seismological network for obtaining the seismic waveform data. Using the collected seismic waveform data, intercept the S-wave seismic phase data with high signal-to-noise ratio according to the seismic events, and extract the S-wave amplitude information after de averaging, de trending, waveform pinching and filtering. Finally, the S-wave amplitude data are inverted by using the waveform accompanying attenuation imaging method to obtain the three-dimensional S-wave attenuation model in Sichuan and Yunnan. The model data set can be used to further study important scientific issues such as the tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan Yunnan region and the extension of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
YANG Dinghui
The data set is the original repeated GPS observation data along Gyirong - Nyima profile trans active deformation Himalayan orogenic belt in Tibet Plateau. The data are measured twice in 2018 and 2019, including the data of 13 stations, and the data quality is good. Through the observation data of these observation points, combined with the continuous GPS observation profile data that the project research team has deployed along Yadong Gulou in the Himalayan orogenic belt, we can reveal the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of the northward converging strain of the Indian continent in the key parts of the Himalayan orogenic belt, understand the current uplift state of the Himalayan orogenic belt and its correlation with horizontal movement, and combine with the active faults Based on the theory of motion dislocation, the quantitative distribution of strain between earthquakes in the main boundary fault (MBT) and the main central fault (MCT) is studied, as well as the strain accumulation characteristics, fault locking range and fault locking degree between earthquakes, which provide important constraints for evaluating the seismic risk of active faults in the study area. Combined with the 2015 Nepal earthquake rupture model, the southern margin of Tibetan Plateau is studied from the perspective of motion to dynamics Lithospheric rheological characteristics.
HE Jiankun
The data set is the three-dimensional S-wave velocity model in Sichuan-Yunnan region obtained by applying the ambient noise tomography. First, the seismic waveform data is applied from National Earthquake Data Center. Using the collected seismic waveform data, we intercept waveform of each day from each station. After removing the mean and trend and filtering, we invert the three-dimensional S-wave attenuation model in Sichuan-Yunnan region by applying the ambient noise tomography. The model can be used for further study on valuable scientific issues such as the mechanism of the large earthquakes preparation, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
AI Yinshuang
The data set is the lithospheric anisotropic model in Sichuan-Yunnan region obtained by applying XKS splitting method. First, the seismic waveform data is applied from National Earthquake Data Center and collected from deployed seismic stations. Using the collected seismic waveform data, we intercept XKS waveform as seismic events and remove the mean and trend and filter the waveform. We invert the lithospheric anisotropic model in Sichuan-Yunnan region by applying the XKS splitting method. The model can be used for further study on valuable scientific issues such as the mechanism of the large earthquakes preparation, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
GAO Yuan
The data set is the crustal anisotropic model in Sichuan-Yunnan region obtained by applying Pms receiver functions method. First, the seismic waveform data is applied from National Earthquake Data Center and collected from deployed seismic stations. Using the collected seismic waveform data, we intercept waveform as seismic events and remove the mean and trend and filter the waveform. We invert the crustal anisotropic model in Sichuan-Yunnan region by applying the Pms receiver functions method. The model can be used for further study on valuable scientific issues such as the mechanism of the large earthquakes preparation, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
GAO Yuan
The data set is the S-wave radial anisotropic model in Sichuan-Yunnan region obtained by applying ambient noise tomography. First, the seismic waveform data is applied from National Earthquake Data Center and IRIS, and collected from deployed seismic stations. Using the collected seismic waveform data, we intercept waveform per each day and remove the mean and trend and filter the waveform. We invert the S-wave radial anisotropic model in Sichuan-Yunnan region by applying the ambient noise tomography. The model can be used for further study on valuable scientific issues such as the mechanism of the large earthquakes preparation, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
GAO Yuan
The data set is the three-dimensional upper mantle velocity model in Sichuan-Yunnan region obtained by applying the full-waveform adjoint tomography. First, the seismic waveform data is applied from National Earthquake Data Center. Using the collected seismic waveform data, we intercept the seismic phase data with high signal-to-noise ratio according to the seismic events. After removing the mean and trend and filtering, the data are used to obtain the three-dimensional upper mantle velocity model in Sichuan-Yunnan region by applying the waveform adjoint tomography. The model can be used for further study on valuable scientific issues such as the mechanism of the preparation of large earthquakes and tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
YANG Dinghui
The data set is the three-dimensional S-wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropic model in Sanjiang region obtained by applying ambient noise tomography. First, the seismic waveform data is applied from National Earthquake Data Center and collected from deployed seismic stations. Using the collected seismic waveform data, we intercept waveform per each day and remove the mean and trend and filter the waveform. We invert the three-dimensional S-wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropic model in Sanjiang region by applying the ambient noise tomography. The model can be used for further study on valuable scientific issues such as the mechanism of the large earthquakes preparation, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
GAO Yuan
The data set is the three-dimensional crustal velocity model in Sichuan-Yunnan region obtained by applying the full-waveform adjoint tomography. First, the seismic waveform data is applied from National Earthquake Data Center. Using the collected seismic waveform data, we intercept the seismic phase data with high signal-to-noise ratio according to the seismic events, and extract the amplitude information after removing the mean and trend and filtering. Finally, the amplitude data are used to obtain the three-dimensional crustal velocity model in Sichuan-Yunnan region by applying the waveform adjoint tomography. The model can be used for further study on valuable scientific issues such as the mechanism of the preparation of large earthquakes and tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
YANG Dinghui
The data set is the three dimensional P-wave velocity model beneath the Xianshuihe region by double-difference tomography. First, the seismic waveform data is collected from seismic stations deployed in the Xianshuihe region. Using the collected seismic waveform data, we intercept waveform as seismic events. After removing the mean and trend and filtering, we invert the P-wave velocity model in Xianshuihe region by using double-difference tomography. The model can be used for further study on valuable scientific issues such as the mechanism of the large earthquakes preparation, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
NIU Fenglin
The data set is the upper crustal anisotropic model in Sichuan-Yunnan region obtained by applying S-wave splitting method. First, the seismic waveform data is applied from National Earthquake Data Center and collected from deployed seismic stations. Using the collected seismic waveform data, we intercept waveform as seismic events and remove the mean and trend and filter the waveform. We invert the upper crustal anisotropic model in Sichuan-Yunnan region by applying the S-wave splitting method. The model can be used for further study on valuable scientific issues such as the mechanism of the large earthquakes preparation, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
GAO Yuan
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