Knowledge the elemental composition of aerosols in remote areas is very important for assessing the impact of human activities. This dataset reports the elemental composition of atmospheric aerosols (TSP) in Ranwu, a remote area in the southeast of the Tibet Plateau, from November 2019 to December 2020. The data include acid soluble and total soluble components. The results of acid soluble components are determined by adding 1% sample volume of nitric acid to react for seven days; The treatment of the total soluble component is to use the mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid for determination after pressurized digestion. The Chinese loess reference material (GBW07408) is used for quality control. In general, the element concentrations in this area are lower than those in other stations in the southeast of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, but slightly higher than those in the interior of the plateau (Nam co). The interior of the Tibet Plateau is the main source of elements from the crust, and the typical heavy metal elements are the long-distance transport of pollutants emitted by human activities in South Asia and Southeast Asia. The data supplement the database of aerosol elements in the southeast of the Tibet Plateau.
LI Chaoliu
The data set includes carbon isotope data of different regions of the Tibetan Plateau and different environmental (carbon isotope data of black carbon and organic carbon in aerosols from 10 typical stations of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, carbon isotope data of black carbon and water insoluble organic carbon in 11 snow pits in different years, and carbon isotope data of water-soluble organic carbon in monsoon precipitation from 11 stations of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas), All samples were collected at each site, and the content and δ 13C and Δ 14C data, which can be used to accurately assess the contribution proportion of atmospheric carbon aerosols, carbon particles deposited on glaciers and water-soluble organic carbon in precipitation from fossil fuels and biomass fuels.
LI Chaoliu
Carbon particles are an important radiative forcing factor in the atmosphere. Their concentration and composition vary greatly in time and space, especially in remote areas. This data set reports the total suspended particulate matter (TSP), total carbon (TC) and water insoluble particulate carbon (IPC) of PM2.5 at two stations in the remote area of the eastern Qinghai Tibet Plateau (Hongyuan) Δ 14C and δ 13C, the area is affected by severe air pollution from southwest China. The contribution rates of TC fossil fuels in TSP and PM2.5 samples are 18.91 ± 7.22% and 23.13 ± 12.52% respectively, which are far lower than those in Southwest China, indicating the importance of non fossil contributions from local sources. TC in TSP samples at study site δ 13C is 27.06 ± 0.96 ‰, which is between long-distance transport sources (such as the southwest region) and local biomass combustion emissions. This data supplements the database of carbon aerosols in the east of the Tibetan Plateau.
LI Chaoliu
This data set includes the light absorption data of carbon components in the atmosphere and precipitation at typical stations on the Tibetan Plateau (Ranwu (2018-2021), Namco (2013-2016), Everest (2013-2016), Lulang (2015-2016)). All samples were collected on the spot from various sampling points. The concentrations of black carbon and water-soluble organic carbon, as well as the light absorption data were measured, using the index (MAC value) representing the light absorption capacity, The MAC values of light absorption of water-soluble organic carbon and black carbon are calculated. This data is of great significance for evaluating the radiative forcing of carbon particles in the atmosphere, and is an important basic data input for model simulation.
LI Chaoliu
Numerical test: The climate model used is the regional climate model RegCM4.1. RegCM4.1 developed by the Italian Research Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP). In the test of regional model simulation, the horizontal resolution of the atmospheric model is 50 km and the vertical direction is 18 layers; Online coupling sand dust module. Sea surface temperature The sea surface temperature interpolated by OISST is used. The test includes two groups: the Middle Paleocene topographic test (MP,~60Ma BP, test name 60ma_regcm4.1_xxx. nc) and the Late Oligocene (LO,~25Ma BP, test name 25ma_regcM4.1_xxx. nc) The MP regional terrain modification test removed the northern part of the plateau and approximately replaced the terrain distribution of Asian land during the 60Ma period. BP regional terrain modification test only removed the terrain of Pamirs Plateau, approximately replacing the terrain distribution of Asian land during the 25Ma period. The sand and dust source areas of the two tests have not changed, and the sand and dust circulation process has been opened online. Output time: All tests were integrated for 22 years, using the average results of the last 20 years of each test. The data can be used to explain the difference of drought evolution in different regions around the plateau.
SUN Hui
The ground-based observation dataset of aerosol optical properties over the Tibetan Plateau was obtained by continuous observation with a Cimel 318 sunphotometer, involving two stations: Qomolangma Station and Nam Co Station. These products have taken the process of cloud detection. The data cover the period from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, and the time resolution is daily. The sunphotometer has eight observation channels from visible light to near infrared, and the central wavelengths are 340, 380, 440, 500, 670, 870, 940 and 1120 nm, respectively. The field of view angle of the instrument is 1.2°, and the sun tracking accuracy is 0.1°. Six bands of aerosol optical thickness can be obtained from direct solar radiation, and the accuracy is estimated to be 0.01-0.02. Finally, AERONET unified inversion algorithm was used to obtain the aerosol optical thickness, Ångström index, aerosol particle size distribution, single scattering albedo, phase function, complex refraction index and asymmetry factor.
CONG Zhiyuan
Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) reflects the attenuation of solar radiation to the surface by aerosols. The aerosol type is calculated according to the aerosol optical thickness (AOD). This data set is derived from the latest MODIS aerosol secondary product MOD04_ L2 and MYD04_ L2, where MOD and MYD represent Terra and Aqua satellites respectively. At present, MODIS aerosol retrieval algorithms are Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB). According to the inversion accuracy of the metadata field table Quality Assurance Confidence (QAC), DT and DB algorithm products are integrated to deal with land, ocean and coast respectively. The index quality is optimal (QAF=3) or suboptimal (QAF=2) or meets the basic needs (QAF=1) to obtain high-resolution AOD products (0.1 degree, daily scale) with full coverage and long time series. According to AOD experience threshold (AOD: 0~0.2, clean type; 0.2~0.6, urban or industrial type; greater than 0.6, sand dust type) The aerosol types are classified into three types: clean type (1), urban or industrial type (2) and sand dust type (3). This dataset provides MOD, MYD and fusion products based on transit time.
YE Aizhong
Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) reflects the attenuation of solar radiation to the surface by aerosols. This data set is derived from the latest MODIS aerosol secondary product MOD04_ L2 and MYD04_ L2, where MOD and MYD represent Terra and Aqua satellites respectively. At present, MODIS aerosol retrieval algorithms are Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB). According to the inversion accuracy of the metadata field table Quality Assurance Confidence (QAC), DT and DB algorithm products are integrated to deal with land, ocean and coast respectively. The index quality is optimal (QAF=3) or suboptimal (QAF=2) or meets the basic needs (QAF=1) to obtain high-resolution AOD products (0.1 degree, daily scale) with full coverage and long time series. This dataset provides MOD, MYD and fusion products based on transit time.
YE Aizhong
The 0.1 º aerosol optical thickness dataset (also known as the "Poles AOD Collection 1.0" aerosol optical thickness (AOD) dataset) in the polar regions from 2000 to 2020 was produced by combining Merra-2 mode data and MODIS satellite sensor AOD. The data covers the period from 2000 to 2020, with a daily time resolution, covering the "tri polar" (Antarctic, Arctic and Qinghai Tibet Plateau) region, and a spatial resolution of 0.1 degree. The verification of the measured stations shows that the relative deviation of the data is within 35%, which can effectively improve the coverage and accuracy of AOD in the polar region.
GUANG Jie GUANG Jie
The data set includes basic temperature, humidity and pressure wind meteorological elements, black carbon concentration, scattering coefficient, particle size spectrum data and chemical composition analysis. Automatic weather station can measure temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind direction, wind speed and accumulated precipitation. AE-33 black carbon meter (hereinafter referred to as AE-33) can online measure the concentration of black carbon aerosol in the 370nm, 470nm, 520nm, 590nm, 660nm, 880nm and 950nm bands of TSP (total suspended particulate matter) in the atmosphere, and the mass absorption cross sections used are 18.47, 14.54, 13.14, 11.58, 10.35, 7.77 and 7.19 m2/g respectively. The official observation period is from June 12, 2021 to August 31, 2021, with a time resolution of 1 minute. The table data has been processed subsequently and is hourly data. The Integrated Nephelometer can measure the scattering coefficient of PM2.5 in the atmosphere at 450nm, 550nm and 700nm on line. The official observation period is from June 12, 2021 to August 31, 2021, with a time resolution of 10 seconds. The table data has been processed subsequently and is hourly data. Aerodynamic Particle Size Spectrometer (hereinafter referred to as APS) can measure 0.5-20 in the atmosphere online μ The number concentration particle size distribution spectrum of particles within m (aerodynamic diameter) particle size range has 50 particle size channels. The official observation period is from June 12, 2021 to August 31, 2021, with a time resolution of 5 minutes. The table data has been processed subsequently and is hourly data. The scanning electromobility particle size spectrometer (SMPS) can measure the particle size distribution of 13.6-514 nm (Stokes diameter) in the atmosphere online; TSI 3752 Condensed Nucleus Particle Counter (CPC) is used to measure the number and concentration of particles. The official observation period is from June 29, 2021 to August 31, 2021, with a time resolution of 5 minutes. The table data has been processed subsequently and is hourly data. The domestic medium flow sampler was used to collect the 90mm diameter quartz filter membrane, water soaked quartz filter membrane and Teflon filter membrane of TSP particle size section. The samples can be used for the analysis of chemical components such as elemental carbon, organic carbon, water-soluble ions and metal elements. The sampling period is from June 23, 2021 to August 29, 2021. The sampling starts at 11:00 a.m. and takes 71 hours each time.
TIAN Pengfei, HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, SHI Jinsen
The data set includes the data of total suspended particulates (TSP) of atmospheric aerosols, ambient air temperature and humidity, and aerosol samples taken offline in Namco, Tibet. The online observation instruments are Multi Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) and Integrating Nephelometer. The observation time is from August 5, 2020 to September 11, 2020. The data time resolution of the online instrument is 10 seconds. The abnormal data generated during the operation of the instrument has been eliminated. The offline sampling was 47 hours of TSP samples. This data set provides basic data for studying the physical characteristics, temporal and spatial variation characteristics and source analysis of atmospheric dust aerosol in the central plateau. Supported project: Special Topic II of the sixth research task of the second comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2019QZKK0602).
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The surface PM2.5 concentration data of Tibet Plateau is named by date (YYYYMMDD). Each NC file contains one day's data, which is composed of PM2.5 concentration, longitude, latitude, and time information of the area (the corresponding variables in the data are named with PM2.5, lon, lat, time). The data inversion relies on the reanalysis data MERRA-2 released by NASA and the AOD product of Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR). MERRA-2 is mainly based on NASA GMAO Earth system model version 5 (GEOS 5). The algorithm is able to assimilate all the in-situ and re- motely-sensed atmospheric data. This dataset mainly focuses on the aerosol field of MERRA-2. This is the first multi-decadal reanalysis within which meteorological and aerosol observations are jointly assimilated into a global assimilation system. MISR views Earth with cameras pointed in 9 different directions， which can help us know the amount of sunlight that is scattered in different directions under natural conditions. The main data products used in this data algorithm are MERRA-2 aerosol analysis product (M2T1NXAER) and MISR Level 3 version 4 global aerosol products (MIL3DAEN_4). Firstly, the ratio of PM2.5 to AOD in each grid was calculated by using the aerosol information provided by MERRA-2. Second, the PM2.5 concentration of the grid was calculated by multiplying the AOD of MISR by the ratio. The mean prediction error of PM2.5 concentration obtained by this method is within 20 μg/m3. The corresponding PM2.5 products can be used for the assessment of particulate pollution in the Tibet Plateau.
FU Disong
1) The optical depth, vertical mass concentration and extinction coefficient of dust, sulfate, organic carbon, black carbon and sea salt aerosols and total aerosols were measured; 2) Data source: numerical simulation, processing method: Based on CALIPSO satellite vertical observation and global aerosol model, it is generated by four-dimensional local ensemble transformation Kalman filter assimilation method; 3) The data quality is good; 4) It can also be used to study the spatiotemporal distribution of aerosols and their spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation and their assimilation.
DAI Tie, CHENG Yueming
This dataset includes the concentrations and spatial pattern of organic carbon (OC) and Elemental carbon (EC) in the carbonaceous aerosol (CA) of the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings. OC and EC were measured by Desert Research Institute Model 2001 Thermal/Optical Carbon Analyzer. The limit of detection (LOD) for OC and EC were 0.43 and 0.12 ug/cm2, respectively. In addition, MAC was also calculated for assessing the effect of EC. This dataset will provide the informations of CA contamination and background values over the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings.
There are two types of aerosol data in the Tibetan Plateau. Aerosol type data products are the results of aerosol type data fusion by using Meera 2 assimilation data and active satellite CALIPSO products through a series of data preprocessing, quality control, statistical analysis and comparative analysis. The key of the algorithm is to judge the CALIPSO aerosol type. According to CALIPSO aerosol types and quality control, and referring to merra 2 aerosol types, the final aerosol type data (12 kinds) and quality control results were obtained. Considering the vertical and spatial distribution of aerosols, it has high spatial resolution (0.625 ° × 0.5 °) and temporal resolution (month). Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a visible band remote sensing inversion method developed by ourselves, combined with merra-2 model data and NASA's official product mod04. The data coverage time is from 2000 to 2019, with daily temporal resolution and spatial resolution of 0.1 degree. The retrieval method mainly uses the self-developed APRs algorithm to retrieve the aerosol optical depth over the ice and snow. The algorithm takes into account the BRDF characteristics of the ice and snow surface, and is suitable for the inversion of aerosol optical thickness on the ice and snow. The results show that the relative deviation of the data is less than 35%, which can effectively improve the coverage and accuracy of the polar AOD.
GUANG Jie, ZHAO Chuanfeng
As the “water tower of Asia”, Tibetan Plateau (TP) are the resource of major rivers in Asia. Black carbon (BC) aerosol emitted from surrounding regions can be transported to the inner TP by atmospheric circulation and consequently deposited in snow, which can significantly influence precipitation and mass balance of glaciers. Five Aethalometers are used to mornitoring black carbon concentration at 5 stations on the Tibetan Plateau. It can provide basic dataset to study the effects of BC to the environment and climate over the Tibetan Plateau, as well as the pollutants transport.
This data-set contains the field measurements of meteorological parameters，trace gases, PM2. 5/PM10, particle number size distribution (12-530 nm), aerosol chemical composition (sulfate and nitrate in PM2.5) at Lulang and Xihai (29.8oN, 94.7oE, 3300 m a.s.l. and 36.9oN, 100.9oE, 3080 m a.s.l., respectively) in southeastern and northeastern part of Tibetan Plateau. The time period of this data-set is from April to May of 2021 and June of 2021. The data-set comes from two measurement campaigns in 2021. The mobile observation platform of Nanjing University, including various online measurement instruments, was used to conduct the field measurements. The data in this data-set is finalized data with the data correction according to the instruments calibration and data quality control based on the data closure research results between multiple instruments. The atmospheric components data, such as trace gases, PM2.5/PM10, particle number size distribution, aerosol chemical composition, are the observation data under actual atmospheric pressure conditions without pressure corrections. The data-set can be directly used to analyze the atmospheric physics and chemistry related scientific issues in the southeastern and northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. This data-set supplements the lack of field observation data related to the atmospheric environment in the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau.
NIE Wei, CHI Xuguang
As the "water tower" in Asia, the Qinghai Tibet Plateau provides water resources for major rivers in Asia. BC aerosol emitted from biomass and fossil fuel combustion has a strong absorption effect on radiation, which has an important impact on the energy budget and distribution of the earth system. It is an important factor of climate and environmental change. Black carbon aerosols emitted from the surrounding areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau can be transported to the interior of the plateau through the atmospheric circulation and settle on the snow and ice surface, which has an important impact on precipitation and glacier material balance. Black carbon meters are set up at five stations on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and aethalometer is used to measure the content of Atmospheric Black Carbon online. The data time resolution is day by day, which provides a data basis for assessing the impact of black carbon on the climate and environment of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the cross-border transmission of air pollutants. This data is an update of the previously released observation data of five stations of atmospheric black carbon content on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2018) and the observation data of five stations of atmospheric black carbon content on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2019). The information of the five sites is as follows: Namuco: 30 ° 46'N, 90 ° 59'e, 4730 m a.s.l Everest station: 28.21 ° n, 86.56 ° e, 4276 m a.s.l Southeastern Tibet: 29 ° 46'N, 94 ° 44'e, 3230 m a.s.l Ali station: 33.39 ° n, 79.70 ° e, 4270 m a.s.l Mustard: 38 ° 24'n, 75 ° 02'e, 3650 m a.s.l
Due to the unique lifestyle of residents and single fuel source, the main fuel in the pastoral area of Qinghai Tibet Plateau is dried yak dung. Yak dung is collected in piles or moulded into dung cake, which is stored after air drying. When used for cooking and heating in residences, it is always burned in cast iron stove. The carbonaceous particles released by yak dung burning are almost the only black carbon aerosol emission source in the vast pastoral area besides motor vehicles. This data set was established by measuring the morphology, particle size and element composition of single particles emitted from yak dung combustion in typical pastoral areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The sampling sites included Dangxiong County in Naqu and Dazi County in Lhasa. The field sampling location were the chimney outlet of residential homes. The particles were collected on the polycarbonate filter membrane and analyzed in the laboratory by means of computer-controlled scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy spectrometer. The environmental single particles emitted from yak dung combustion in pastoral areas include soot aggregates, tar balls, heavy metals containing carbonaceous particles, mineral dust, and soluble salt particles. This data set includes the numer percentages, particle size and their shape factor (aspect ratio, roundness and form factor) of various types of particles with statistical significance, It is not only an effective supplement to the basic data of human activities affecting the atmospheric environment, but also has potential significance for evaluating their optical characteristics, radiation effects, health effects and environmental impact of local source carbonaceous aerosols on the plateau.
HU Tafeng, WU Feng, ZHU Chongshu, DAI Wenting, WANG Qiyuan, ZHANG Ningning
The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is surrounded by regions with high global carbon aerosol emissions, and the surrounding black carbon and brown carbon can be transmitted to the plateau. Light absorbing black carbon and brown carbon have warming effect, and their settlement on the surface of ice and snow will also accelerate the melting of glaciers and snow. At present, there is little research on brown carbon in this area, and the research on the correlation between brown carbon components and optics is in its infancy. Therefore, the study of Atmospheric Black Carbon and brown carbon in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau has important climate and environmental significance. The aerosol optical absorption characteristics of Atmospheric Black Carbon and brown carbon were obtained by observing in different regions of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It reveals the spatial differences of optical absorption of black carbon, primary Brown carbon and secondary Brown carbon aerosols in different regions of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
ZHU Chongshu
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