The dataset of sun photometer observations was obtained in the Zhangye city foci experimental areas (38°56′8.9″N, 100°27′8.3″E, 1400m) from Mar. 30 to Apr. 2, 2008. Measurements were carried out by CE318 for 1640nm, 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm, 550nm, 440nm, 380nm and 340nm, and column water vapor by 936 nm data on Mar. 30 and 31, Apr. 1 and 2, 2008. Accuracy of CE318 could be influenced by local air pressure, instrument calibration parameters, and convertion factors. (1) Most air pressure was derived from elevation-related empiricism, which was not reliable. For more accurate result, simultaneous data from the weather station are needed. (2) Errors from instrument calibration parameters need correcting. Thus field calibration based on Langly or interior instrument calibrationcin the standard light is required. (3) Convertion factors for retrieval of aerosol optical depth and the water vapor of the water vapor channel were also from empiricism, and need further checking. Raw data were archived in k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Preprocessed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. Langley was used for the instrument calibration. Two parts are included in CE318 result data (see “Geometric Positions and the Total Optical Depth of Each Channel” and “Rayleigh Scattering and Aerosol Optical Depth of Each Channel”).
FANG Li, SU Gaoli
As the “water tower of Asia”, Tibetan Plateau (TP) are the resource of major rivers in Asia. Black carbon (BC) aerosol emitted from surrounding regions can be transported to the inner TP by atmospheric circulation and consequently deposited in snow, which can significantly influence precipitation and mass balance of glaciers. Five Aethalometers are used to mornitoring black carbon concentration at 5 stations on the Tibetan Plateau. It can provide basic dataset to study the effects of BC to the environment and climate over the Tibetan Plateau, as well as the pollutants transport.
This dataset includes the monthly AOD datasets from MODIS Aqua of the central and western part of China. By applying the Deep Blue (DB) and Dark Target (DT) algorithms over land, and the DT over-water algorithm, three types of AOD products at 550 nm are relseaed (e.g. Dark Target, Deep Blue and Merged AOD). In this project, monthly AOD products from July 2003 to November 2018 are collected, which can provide the informations of AOD and air pollutions over the central and western part of China.
XIA Xiangao, SONG Zijue
The "poles AOD Collection 1.0" aerosol optical thickness (AOD) data set adopts the self-developed visible band remote sensing inversion method, combined with the merra-2 model data and the official NASA product mod04. The data covers from 2000 to 2019, with the time resolution of day by day, covering the "three poles" (Antarctic, Arctic and Qinghai Tibet Plateau) area, and the spatial resolution of 0.1. Degree. The inversion method mainly uses the self-developed APRs algorithm to invert the aerosol optical thickness over ice and snow. The algorithm considers the BRDF characteristics of ice and snow surface, and is suitable for the inversion of aerosol optical thickness over ice and snow. The experimental results show that the relative deviation of the data is less than 35%, which can effectively improve the coverage and accuracy of the aerosol optical thickness in the polar region.
GUANG Jie
The measurement data of the sun spectrophotometer can be directly used to perform inversion on the optical thickness of the non-water vapor channel, Rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical thickness, and moisture content of the atmospheric air column (using the measurement data at 936 nm of the water vapor channel). The aerosol optical property data set of the Tibetan Plateau by ground-based observations was obtained by adopting the Cimel 318 sun photometer, and both the Mt. Qomolangma and Namco stations were involved. The temporal coverage of the data is from 2009 to 2016, and the temporal resolution is one day. The sun photometer has eight observation channels from visible light to near infrared. The center wavelengths are 340, 380, 440, 500, 670, 870, 940 and 1120 nm. The field angle of the instrument is 1.2°, and the sun tracking accuracy is 0.1°. According to the direct solar radiation, the aerosol optical thickness of 6 bands can be obtained, and the estimated accuracy is 0.01 to 0.02. Finally, the AERONET unified inversion algorithm was used to obtain aerosol optical thickness, Angstrom index, particle size spectrum, single scattering albedo, phase function, birefringence index, asymmetry factor, etc.
CONG Zhiyuan
Wildfires can strongly affect the frozen soil environment by burning surface vegetation and soil organic matter. Vegetation affected by fire can take many years to return to mature pre-fire levels. In this data set, the effects of fires on vegetation regrowth in a frozen-ground tundra environment in the Anaktuvuk River Basin on the North Slope of Alaska were studied by quantifying changes in C-band and L-band SAR backscatter data over 15 years (2002-2017). After the fire, the C- and L-band backscattering coefficients increased by 5.5 and 4.4 dB, respectively, in the severe fire area compared to the unburned area. Five years after the fire, the difference in C-band backscattering between the fire zone and the unburned zone decreased, indicating that the post-fire vegetation level had recovered to the level of the unburned zone. This long recovery time is longer than the 3-year recovery estimated from visible wavelength-based NDVI observations. In addition, after 10 years of vegetation recovery, the backscattering of the L-band in the severe fire zone remains approximately 2 dB higher than that of the unburned zone. This continued difference may be caused by an increase in surface roughness. Our analysis shows that long-term SAR backscattering data sets can quantify vegetation recovery after fire in an Arctic tundra environment and can also be used to supplement visible-wavelength observations. The temporal coverage of the backscattering data is from 2002 to 2017, with a time resolution of one month, and the data cover the Anaktuvuk River area on the North Slope of Alaska. The spatial resolution is 30~100 m, the C- and L-band data are separated, and a GeoTIFF file is stored every month. For details on the data, see SAR Backscattering Data of the Anaktuvuk River Basin on the North Slope of Alaska - Data Description.
JIANG Liming
The data set contains the scattering coefficients of PM2.5 (particles less than 2.5 μ m) at 450nm, 550nm and 700nm at Shiquanhe national climate station (32 ° 30'n, 80 ° 05'e, altitude 4278.6 m). The measuring instrument is tsi-3563 integral turbidimeter, the observation period is from July 8, 2019 to August 2, 2019, and the time resolution is 10 seconds. It can be used to study the dependence of PM2.5 scattering coefficient on the wavelength of incident light, which can reflect the particle size distribution of PM2.5.
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
There are two types of aerosol data in the Tibetan Plateau. Aerosol type data products are the results of aerosol type data fusion by using Meera 2 assimilation data and active satellite CALIPSO products through a series of data preprocessing, quality control, statistical analysis and comparative analysis. The key of the algorithm is to judge the CALIPSO aerosol type. According to CALIPSO aerosol types and quality control, and referring to merra 2 aerosol types, the final aerosol type data (12 kinds) and quality control results were obtained. Considering the vertical and spatial distribution of aerosols, it has high spatial resolution (0.625 ° × 0.5 °) and temporal resolution (month). Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a visible band remote sensing inversion method developed by ourselves, combined with merra-2 model data and NASA's official product mod04. The data coverage time is from 2000 to 2019, with daily temporal resolution and spatial resolution of 0.1 degree. The retrieval method mainly uses the self-developed APRs algorithm to retrieve the aerosol optical depth over the ice and snow. The algorithm takes into account the BRDF characteristics of the ice and snow surface, and is suitable for the inversion of aerosol optical thickness on the ice and snow. The results show that the relative deviation of the data is less than 35%, which can effectively improve the coverage and accuracy of the polar AOD.
GUANG Jie, ZHAO Chuanfeng
The total solar radiation and the total radiation of absorption and scattering material attenuation are measured by the international general solar radiation meter (li200sz, li-cor, Inc., USA). The measured data are total solar radiation, including direct and diffuse solar radiation, with a wavelength range of 400-1100nm. The unit of measurement is w / m2, and the typical error is ± 3% (incidence angle is within 60 °) under natural lighting. The data of sodankyl ä station in the Arctic comes from cooperation with the site and website download. The coverage time of sodankyl ä station in the Arctic is updated to 2018.
BAI Jianhui
The aerosol optical thickness data of Qomolangma station and Namuco station in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is based on the observation data products of Qomolangma station and Namuco station from the atmospheric radiation view of the Institute of Qinghai Tibet Plateau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The data coverage time is from 2017 to 2019, the time resolution is hour by hour, the coverage sites are Qomolangma station and Namuco station, the longitude and latitude coordinates are (Qomolangma station: 28.365n, 86.948e, Namuco station Mucuo station: 30.7725n, 90.9626e). The source of the observed data is retrieved from the radiation data observed by mfrsr instrument. The characteristic variable is aerosol optical thickness, and the error range of the observed inversion is about 15%. The data format is TXT.
CONG Zhiyuan
The aerosol optical thickness data of the Arctic Alaska station is based on the observation data products of the atmospheric radiation observation plan of the U.S. Department of energy at the Arctic Alaska station. The data coverage time is from 1998 to 2016, and the time resolution is hour by hour. The coverage site is the Arctic Alaska station, with the longitude and latitude coordinates of (71 ° 19 ′ 22.8 ″ n, 156 ° 36 ′ 32.4 ″ w). The source of the observed data is retrieved from the radiation data observed by mfrsr instrument. The optical characteristic variable is aerosol optical thickness, and the error range of the observed inversion is about 15%. The data format is NC format.
ZHAO Chuanfeng
This data set includes the mass concentration of atmospheric particles with the aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 micron meters (PM2.5, unit: μg/m3), and the meteorological data such as temperature (Celsius degree), humidity (%) air pressure (hPa). PM2.5 aerosol particles can be floated in the atmosphere for a long time and can be transported to long range. It has important impact on the air quality and visibility, and is a essential index of air quality. The higher its concentration is, the more serious the air pollution. The PM2.5 data is produced at the interval of 5 min, which enable the key data for analysis on the spatiotemporal characteristics of atmospheric particles on the Tibetan Plateau on different tiem scale, such as hourly, daily, monthly and yearly.
WU Guangjian
Black carbon is an important light absorbing substance, which has an important impact on climate change. This data set contains the data of black carbon concentration and sedimentation flux in the core of six lakes (gun Yong lake, Tanggula lake, linggecuo, Ranwu lake, gokyo, gosainkunda) on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the south slope of the Himalayas. The carbon concentration of Huxin black was determined by digestion filtration thermoluminescence method. This dataset is an excel file, which can be opened directly by using Excel. This data set is helpful to study the history of atmospheric black carbon deposition in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas and to further analyze the sources of atmospheric black carbon. It can be used as the basic data for the study of atmospheric black carbon transport and climate effect assessment.
KANG Shichang
The data set contains the mass concentration of PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μ m) in the atmosphere of Shiquanhe national reference climate station (32 ° 30'n, 80 ° 05'e, altitude 4278.6 m). The measuring instrument is RP 1400A vibrating balance micro balance (TEOM). The observation period is from July 8, 2019 to August 2, 2019, and the time resolution is 1 minute. The data is stored in TXT format.
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The data include three data sets of Namcu and Muztagh Ata: an atmospheric aerosol data set of monthly average values of TSP, lithium, sodium and other elements; an atmospheric precipitation chemical data set of monthly average values of soluble sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions and other ions; and a data set of chemical compositions of snow ice in the Zhadang Glacier of Namcu Basin of the concentrations of soluble sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions and other ions in snow pits collected in different months. The data can be used in conducting located observations of atmospheric aerosol element content, precipitation chemistry, and glacier snow ice chemical records in the Namco and Muztagh Ata areas. The samples were processed at the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes of CAS using ICS2500 and ICS2000 ion-chromatographic analyzers to determine the concentration of soluble anions and cations in the samples. Data collection and processing: 1. The automatic rain gauges were erected in the typical regions of the Tibetan Plateau (the Namco Basin and the Muztagh Ata Peak area) to collect precipitation samples. The precipitation samples were collected using a SYC-2 type rainfall sampler that comprised a collector, rain sensor and gland drive. The sample collector was provided with a rain collection bucket and a dust collection bucket, and the weather condition was sensed by the rain sensor. The rain collection bucket would be opened when it started to rain, and the gland would be pressed onto the dust collection bucket. Meanwhile, the date and the rain start and end times were automatically recorded. When the rain stopped, the gland automatically flipped to the rain collection bucket to complete a rainfall record. The collected samples were placed in 20 mL clean high-density polyethylene plastic bottles and refrigerated in a -20 °C refrigerator. They were frozen during transportation and storage until right before being analyzed, when they would be taken from the refrigerator and thawed at room temperature (20 °C). They were then processed at the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes CAS using ICS2500 and ICS2000 ion-chromatographic analyzers to determine the concentration of soluble anions and cations in the precipitation. 2. The atmospheric aerosol sampler installed at Namco Station was 4 m above the ground and included a vacuum pump, which was powered by solar panels and batteries. The air flux was recorded by an automatic flow meter, and the instantaneous flow rate was approximately 16.7 L/min. The air flux took the meteorological parameter conversion of the Namco area as the standard volume. A Teflon filter with a diameter of 47 mm and a pore size of 0.4 & mu; m was used. The sample interval was 7 days, and the total sample flow rate of each sample was approximately 120-150 m³. Each sample was individually placed in a disposable filter cartridge and stored at low temperature in a refrigerator. Before and after sampling, the filter was placed in a constant temperature (20 ± 5 °C) and constant humidity (40 & plusmn; 2%) environment for 48 hours and weighed with a 1/10000 electronic balance (AUW220D, Shimadu); the difference between the weights before and after was the weight of the aerosol sample on the filter. The collected samples were processed at the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes CAS by ICP-MS to determine the concentrations of 18 elements. Strict measures were taken during indoor and outdoor operations to prevent possible contamination. 3. A precleaned plastic shovel was used to collect a sample every 5 cm from the lower part of the snow pit (samples were collected every 10 cm in some snow pits). The samples were dissolved at room temperature, placed in 20 mL clean high-density polyethylene plastic bottles and stored in a refrigerator at -20 °C. The samples were frozen during transportation and storage until they were taken out of the refrigerator before the analysis and melted at room temperature. The samples were processed at the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes CAS using ICS2500 and ICS2000 ion-chromatographic analyzers to determine the concentrations of soluble anions and cations in the samples. Clean clothing, disposable masks and plastic gloves should be worn during the manual collection of glacier snow ice chemical samples to prevent contamination. The data set was processed by forming a continuous sequence of monthly mean values after the raw data were quality controlled. It meets the accuracy of routine monitoring research on precipitation, aerosol, snow and ice records in China and the world and is satisfactory for comparative study with relevant climate change records.
KANG Shichang
The data set contains the scattering and absorption coefficients of PM2.5 (particles with particle size less than 2.5 μ m) in the atmosphere of Shiquanhe national reference climate station (32 ° 30'n, 80 ° 05'e, altitude 4278.6 m) in Ali Region. The measurement instrument is photoacoustic extinctiomer (pax), the observation period is from July 13, 2019 to August 2, 2019, and the time resolution is 1 minute. The data set can be used to study the scattering and absorption characteristics of PM2.5 over the Tibetan Plateau.
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The data set contains the number concentration and size distribution spectrum of particles in the atmosphere of Shiquanhe national climate station (32 ° 30'n, 80 ° 05'e, elevation 4278.6 m) in Ali Region. The instrument is tsi-3321 aerodynamic particle size spectrometer (APS), with 52 particle size channels. The observation period is from July 7, 2019 to August 2, 2019, and the time resolution is 5 minutes. The size distribution spectra of aerosol volume concentration and mass concentration can be obtained by using the data, aerosol spherical hypothesis and aerosol density, and then the characteristics of aerosol particle size distribution in the northwest of Qinghai Tibet Plateau can be studied.
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
This data set includes PM2.5 mass concentrations (unit: μ g / m3) of atmospheric aerosol particles from South-East Tibetan plateau Station, Ngari Station, Muztagh Ata Station, Qomolangma station and Namco station. Aerosol PM2.5 fine particles refer to the particles with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μ m in ambient air. It can be suspended in the air for a long time, which has an important impact on air quality and visibility. The higher its concentration in the air, the more serious the air pollution. The concentration characteristic data of PM2.5 were calculated every 5 The analysis of aerosol mass concentration in different time scales, such as hour, day and night, season and inter annual, can be achieved by obtaining a group of data frequency for output. This provides important data support for the analysis of aerosol mass concentration changes in different time scales and its influencing factors in different locations of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, as well as the evaluation of local air quality. The data is an update of the published data set of aerosol PM2.5 concentration at different stations on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2018).
WU Guangjian
The three pole aerosol type data product is an aerosol type result obtained by integrating the data assimilation of Meera 2 and the active satellite CALIPSO product through a series of data preprocessing, quality control, statistical analysis and comparative analysis. The key of this algorithm is to judge the type of CALIPSO aerosol. In the process of aerosol type data fusion, according to the type and quality control of CALIPSO aerosol, and referring to the type of merra 2 aerosol, the final aerosol type data (12 kinds in total) and quality control results in the three pole area are obtained. The data product fully considers the vertical distribution and spatial distribution of aerosols, with high spatial resolution (0.625 ° × 0.5 °) and time resolution (month).
ZHAO Chuanfeng
Black carbon(BC) is a carbonaceous aerosol that mainly emitted from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels or biomass. As fine particles in the atmosphere with light-absorbing characteristic, BC can significantly reduce the surface albedo when deposits on snow and ice and accelerate the melting of glaciers and snow cover. New Aethalometer model AE-33 acquires the real-time BC concentration according to the light absorption and attenuation characteristics from the different wavelengths. In addition, AE-33 uses dual-spot measurements, which can compensate for the “spot loading effect” and obtain high-quality BC concentrations. By using the real-time observation data measured by AE-33 at Mt. Everest Station, we analyzed the seasonal and diurnal variations of BC and its sources and transport processes, and we also investigated the transport mechanisms of serious polluted episodes. That can provide basis for future works on assessment of climate effects caused by BC in this region.
KANG Shichang
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