We developed a 1-km resolution long-term soil moisture dataset of China derived through machine learning trained with in-situ measurements of 1,648 stations, named as SMCI1.0 (Soil moisture of China based on In-situ data, Li et al, 2022). SMCI1.0 provides 10-layer soil moisture with 10 cm intervals up to 100 cm deep at daily resolution over the period 2000-2020. Random Forest is used to predict soil moisture using ERA5-land time series, leaf area index, land cover type, topography and soil properties as covariates. Using in-situ soil moisture as the benchmark (The data comes from China Meteorological Administration), two independent experiments are conducted to investigate the estimation accuracy of the SMCI1.0: year-to-year experiment (ubRMSE ranges from 0.041-0.052 and R ranges from 0.883-0.919) and station-to-station experiment (ubRMSE ranges from 0.045-0.051 and R ranges from 0.866-0.893). As SMCI1.0 is based on in-situ data, it can be useful complements of existing model-based and satellite-based datasets for various hydrological, meteorological, and ecological analyses and modeling, especially for those applications requiring high resolution SM maps. Please read the readme file for more details. We provided two versions with different resolution, i.e., 30 arc seconds (~1km) and 0.1 degree (~9km).
SHANGGUAN Wei, LI Qingliang , SHI Gaosong
This data set is a code file set of TCA (triple collision analysis) algorithm, which is used to generate the global daily-scale soil moisture fusion dataset from 2011 to 2018.
XIE Qiuxia, XIE Qiuxia, XIE Qiuxia, XIE Qiuxia, XIE Qiuxia, XIE Qiuxia, XIE Qiuxia, XIE Qiuxia, XIE Qiuxia, JIA Li , HU Guangcheng
The Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites (REVEALS) model was developed by Sugita (2007) to correct for bias due to inter-taxonomic differences in pollen productivity and dispersion and estimate plant cover at a regional spatial scale based on pollen records. We provide the dataset of pollen-based REVEALS reconstruction for temperate and northern sub-tropical China over the Holocene. The REVEALS reconstruction was achieved using 94 selected pollen records from lakes and bogs at a 1˚x1˚ spatial scale and a temporal resolution of 500 years between 11.7 and 0.7 ka BP, and three recent time windows (0.7˗0.35 ka BP, 0.35˗0.1 ka BP, and 0.1 ka BP˗present). The dataset of pollen-based REVEALS reconstruction of Holocene plant cover for the study region includes the REVEALS proportions of plant cover (and related SEs) for 75 1˚x 1˚grid cells and 25 time windows for each grid cell for 27 taxa, two alternatives of aggregation of plant taxa to PFTs: ten PFTs and six PFTs, and three land-cover types. The metadata files providing details on the sites used in the REVEALS reconstruction for each grid cell and each time window. For instance, the original site names, modern vegetation zones, geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude in decimal degrees), elevation in meters above sea level, site types (bog or lake), basin sizes (radius and area), number of 14C radiocarbon dates or other types of dates, approximate temporal extent of the site. The dataset is suitable for palaeoclimate modeling, can be applied also in evaluating simulations of past vegetation from dynamic vegetation models and anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) scenarios.
LI Furong
Based on the data of GF-1 and GF-2 in China, the freeze-thaw disaster distribution data of Qinghai Tibet project corridor is produced by using the deep learning classification method and manual visual interpretation and correction. The geographical range of the data is 40km along the Xidatan Anduo section of Qinghai Tibet highway. The data include the distribution data of thermokast lakes and the distribution data of thermal melting landslides. The dataset can provide data basis for the research of freeze-thaw disaster and engineering disaster prevention and reduction in Qinghai Tibet engineering corridor. The spatial distribution of freezing and thawing disasters within 40km along the Xidatan-Anduo section of Qinghai Tibet highway is self-made based on the domestic GF-2 image data. Firstly, the deep learning method is used to extract the mud flow terrace block from GF-2 data; Then, ArcGIS is used for manual editing.
NIU Fujun, LUO Jing LUO Jing
CMIP6 is the sixth climate model comparison plan organized by the World Climate Research Program (WCRP). Original data from https://www.wcrp-climate.org/wgcm-cmip/wgcm-cmip6 。 This dataset contains four SSP scenarios of Scenario MIP in CMIP6. (1) SSP126: Upgrade of RCP2.6 scenario based on SSP1 (low forcing scenario) (radiation forcing will reach 2.6W/m2 in 2100). (2) SSP245: Upgrade of RCP4.5 scenario based on SSP2 (moderate forcing scenario) (radiation forcing will reach 4.5 W/m2 in 2100). (3) SSP370: New RCP7.0 emission path based on SSP3 (medium forcing scenario) (radiation forcing will reach 7.0 W/m2 in 2100). (4) SSP585: Upgrade the RCP8.5 scenario based on SSP5 (high forcing scenario) (SSP585 is the only SSP scenario that can make the radiation forcing reach 8.5 W/m2 in 2100). Using GRU data to correct the post-processing deviation of the original CMIP data, the post-processing data set of monthly precipitation (pr) and temperature (tas) estimates from 2046-2065 was obtained, with a reference period of 1985-2014.
YE Aizhong
The ground-based observation dataset of aerosol optical properties over the Tibetan Plateau was obtained by continuous observation with a Cimel 318 sunphotometer, involving two stations: Qomolangma Station and Nam Co Station. These products have taken the process of cloud detection. The data cover the period from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, and the time resolution is daily. The sunphotometer has eight observation channels from visible light to near infrared, and the central wavelengths are 340, 380, 440, 500, 670, 870, 940 and 1120 nm, respectively. The field of view angle of the instrument is 1.2°, and the sun tracking accuracy is 0.1°. Six bands of aerosol optical thickness can be obtained from direct solar radiation, and the accuracy is estimated to be 0.01-0.02. Finally, AERONET unified inversion algorithm was used to obtain the aerosol optical thickness, Ångström index, aerosol particle size distribution, single scattering albedo, phase function, complex refraction index and asymmetry factor.
CONG Zhiyuan
Based on the monthly precipitation data of 262 rain gauges, WRF and ERA5 precipitation data in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, the daily precipitation data with a resolution of 10km from 1951 to 2020 in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin and seven sub basins are reconstructed using random forest learning algorithm. This data has been verified by the single point of the station and performs well in terms of annual and seasonal changes. And the data has been reverse evaluated by the hydrological model, which is used to drive the VIC hydrological model to simulate the runoff change of Yajiang River basin and each sub basin, and verified by the measured runoff, MODIS and glacier cataloging data. On the basis of the original first edition, this data has considered the spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation, which can better describe the precipitation characteristics in alpine regions.
SUN He
Simulation results of land use and cover in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Heihe River basin(HRB) under the Basic, Ecology and Rapid Economic Development scenarios, time frame: 2015-2030, spatial resolution: 1km. Upper HRB land use data simulation, spatial resolution is 1km; Middle HRB land use data simulation, spatial resolution is 1km; Downstream HRB land use data simulation, spatial resolution is 1km. The spatial resolution of land use data in the downstream area of the HRB is 1 km. The land use data in the Economic scenario focuses on rapid economic development and rapid expansion of land for construction, while forest and grassland protection is neglected. The data were obtained based on historical land use data using DLS model simulations.
WU Feng
The Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor runs from Golmud to Lhasa. It passes through the core region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is an important passage connecting the interior and Tibet. The active layer thickness (ALT) is not only an important index to study the thermal state of ground in permafrost region, but also a key factor to be considered in the construction of permafrost engineering. The core of GIPL1.0 is kudryavtesv method, which takes into account the thermophysical properties of snow cover, vegetation and different soil layers. However, Yin Guoan et al. found that compared with kudryavtesv method, the accuracy of TTOP model is higher, so they improved the model in combination with freezing / thawing index. Through verification of field monitoring data, it was found that the simulation error of ALT is less than 50cm. Therefore, the ALT in the Qinghai Tibet project corridor is simulated by using the improved GIPL1.0 model, and the future ALT under the ssp2-4.5 climate change scenario is predicted.
NIU Fujun
The data set contains vectorized rooftop area data for 90 cities in China (comprehensively selected according to city administrative level and regional distribution. See Annex 1 for the list of cities). It is mainly based on deep learning semantic segmentation model and multi-source remote sensing images. Firstly, the original image is preprocessed, stratified sampling and visual interpretation are carried out according to the city level and its regional distribution, and the training and test data are made. Then the training data is input into the deep learning semantic segmentation model for training to make it suitable for the building roof extraction task. Based on the test data, the performance of the building roof extraction model is evaluated by using the general index of the result evaluation in the field of deep learning. Finally, this model is applied to the task of building roof extraction in 90 cities in China, and the building roof is automatically extracted and vectorized. The data set can provide important data support for relevant research based on building roofs (such as roof solar potential assessment, urban planning, etc.) in cities and even in the whole country.
NANJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY Lab of smart city sensing and simulation
The triple pole aerosol type data product is an aerosol type result obtained through a series of data pre-processing, quality control, statistical analysis and comparative analysis processes by comprehensively using MEERA 2 assimilation data and active satellite CALIPSO products. The key of the aerosol type fusion algorithm is to judge the aerosol type of CALIPSO. During the data fusion of aerosol type, the final aerosol type data (12 types in total) and quality control results in the three polar regions are obtained according to the types and quality control of CALIPSO aerosol types and referring to MERRA 2 aerosol types. The data product fully considers the vertical and spatial distribution of aerosols, and has a high spatial resolution (0.625 ° × 0.5 °) and time resolution (month).
ZHAO Chuanfeng
NDVI reflects the background effects of plant canopy, such as soil, wet ground, snow, dead leaves, roughness, etc., and is related to vegetation cover. It is one of the important parameters to reflect the crop growth and nutrient information. According to this parameter, the N demand of crops in different seasons can be known, which is an important guide to the reasonable application of N fertilizer. Correct NDVI (C-NDVI) is the value of NDVI after excluding the influence of climate elements (temperature, precipitation, etc.) on NDVI. Taking precipitation as an example, studies on the lag effect of precipitation on vegetation growth show that the lag time of precipitation effects varies in different regions due to differences in vegetation composition and soil types. In this study, we post-processed the MODIS NDVI data and firstly correlated the NDVI value of the current month with the precipitation of the current month, the average value of the precipitation of the current month with that of the previous month, and the average value of the precipitation of the current month with that of the previous two months to determine the optimal lag time. The NDVI was regressed on precipitation and air temperature to obtain the correlation coefficients, and then the corrected NDVI values were calculated by the difference between the MODIS NDVI and the NDVI regressed on climate factors. We corrected NDVI using climate data to give reliable vegetation correction indices for the circum-Arctic Circle (range north of 66°N) and the Tibetan Plateau (range 26°N to 39.85°N and 73.45°E to 104.65°E) for 2013 and 2018. The spatial resolution of the data is 0.5 degrees and the temporal resolution is monthly values.
YE Aizhong
Under the background of global warming, the cryosphere is one of the most sensitive spheres to climate change. The cryosphere is the world's largest reservoir of freshwater resources. The change of the cryosphere has an important impact on the energy exchange, water resources, ecology and disaster process of the earth atmosphere system. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the response of cryosphere change to climate change. Using satellite remote sensing data, reanalysis data, and observation data, the cryosphere elements were integrated to build a global scale cryosphere range and phenology dataset for 1979-2016. The results can be used to further study the response mechanism of the cryosphere to climate change, as well as to provide basic support for the research of ecosystems, carbon cycle, etc.
PENG Xiaoqing
The data set is the original repeated GPS observation data along Paizhen - Motuo active deformation Himalayan orogenic belt in Southeast Tibetan Plateau. The data are measured in 2021, including the data of 18 stations, and the data quality is good. Through the observation data of these observation points, we can reveal the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of the northward converging strain of the Indian continent in the key parts of the Himalayan orogenic belt. And we can understand the current uplift state of the Himalayan orogenic belt and its correlation with horizontal movement, and combine with the active faults. Based on the theory of motion dislocation, the quantitative distribution of strain between earthquakes could be studied, as well as the strain accumulation characteristics, fault locking range and fault locking level between earthquakes, which provide important constraints for evaluating the seismic risk of active faults in the study area.
HE Jiankun
Known as the "Asian water tower", the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is the source of many rivers in Southeast Asia. As an important and easily accessible water resource, the runoff provided by it supports the production and life of billions of people around it and the diversity of the ecosystem. The glacier runoff data set in the five river source areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau covers the period from 2005 to 2010, with a time resolution of every five years. It covers the source areas of the five major rivers in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (the source of the Yellow River, the source of the Yangtze River, the source of the Lancang River, the source of the Nujiang River, and the source of the Yarlung Zangbo River). The spatial resolution is 1km. Based on multi-source remote sensing, simulation, statistics, and measured data, GIS methods and ecological economics methods are used, The value of water resources service in the cryosphere in the source area of the river and river is quantified, and all its data are subject to quality control.
WANG Shijin
Water cover is one of the basic parameters of water cycle and energy balance. Based on the AVHRR daily reflectance time series from 1982 to 2020, this data set has produced 39 year long-term daily water body mapping products (including water body icing information) on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. This dataset contains 39 folders, named after the year (from 1982 to 2020). Each folder contains 365 / 366 GeoTIFF files, and each file contains two bands: (1) water mapping band (waterlayer); (2) Quality control information band (QC). This product provides data support for remote sensing monitoring of water bodies in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
JI Luyan
This product provides the monthly runoff, evapotranspiration and soil water of major Arctic river basins in 2018-2065 based on the land surface model Vic. The spatial accuracy is 10km. Major Arctic river basins include Lena, Yenisey, ob, Kolyma, Yukon and Mackenzie basins. According to the rcp2.6 (low emission intensity) and rcp8.5 (high emission intensity) scenario results provided by the ipsl-cm5a-lr model in cmip5 in the fifth assessment report of IPCC, the future climate scenario driving data applicable to the Arctic region of 0.1 ° is obtained through statistical downscaling. Using the calibrated land surface hydrological model Vic on a global scale, based on the future climate scenario driven data of 0.1 °, the monthly time series of runoff, soil water and evapotranspiration of the Arctic River Basin in the middle of this century under future climate change are estimated.
TANG Yin , TANG Qiuhong , WANG Ninglian, WU Yuwei
Monthly average daytime as well as nighttime data of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for 354 cities in China. The time range of the data is from January 2012 to December 2021, with a temporal resolution of month-by-month. The spatial resolution is 1 km. The data is mainly based on the MYD07 atmosphere profile dataset and MYD11 land surface temperature dataset provided by MODIS, and incorporates the wind speed provided by ERA5 reanalysis data. The urban boundary is demarcated according to the 2018 data provided by Global Urban Boundary-GUB dataset. All the data are resampled to 1 km, in order to maintain the uniform spatial resolution. With the rapid urbanization and global warming, the data are useful for studying the spatiotemporal patterns of urban thermal comfortable and related analysis.
王 晨光 , WANG Chenguang, WANG Chenguang, 占 文凤 ZHAN Wenfeng
Based on the Sentinel-2 and Landsat 5/7/8 multispectral instrument imageries combined with in-situ measured hydrological data, bankfull river geometry of six major exorheic river basins of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (the upper Yellow River, upper Jinsha River, Yalong River, Lantsang River, Nu River and Yalung Zangbo River) are presented. River surface of six mainstreams and major tributaries are included. For each river basin, two types of rivers are included: connected and disconnected rivers. Format of the dataset is .shp exported from the ArcGIS 10.5. Three products are included in the dataset: one original product (bankfull river surface dataset) and two derived products (bankfull river width dataset and bankfull river surface area dataset with a 1 km river length interval). These three products are in three folders. The first folder, “1-Bankfull River Surface”, contains river surface vectors for six river basins in the .shp file. The second folder, “2-Bankfull River Width”, contains bankfull river widths and corresponding coordinates with a 1 km-step river length for six mainstreams and some connected tributaries in .xlsx format. The river width vectors in the .shp files are also provided in the second folder. The third folder, “3-Bankfull River Surface Area”, contains bankfull river surface areas and corresponding coordinates with a 1 km-step river length for six mainstreams and some connected tributaries in .xlsx format. Three Supplementary Files are included: Supplementary File 1, tables and figures related to the dataset; Supplementary File 2, used for river surface extraction based on GEE platform; Supplementary File 3, used for river width extraction based on Matlab. The provided planform river hydromorphology data can supplement global hydrography datasets and effectively represent the combined fluvial geomorphology and geological background in the study area.
LI Dan , XUE Yuan , QIN Chao , WU Baosheng , CHEN Bowei , WANG Ge
We propose an algorithm for ice fissure identification and detection using u-net network, which can realize the automatic detection of ice fissures of Typical Glaciers in Greenland ice sheet. Based on the data of sentinel-1 IW from July and August every year, in order to suppress the speckle noise of SAR image, the probabilistic patch based weights (ppb) algorithm is selected for filtering, and then the representative samples are selected and input into the u-net network for model training, and the ice cracks are predicted according to the trained model. Taking two typical glaciers in Greenland (Jakobshavn and Kangerdlussuaq) as examples, the average accuracy of classification results can reach 94.5%, of which the local accuracy of fissure area can reach 78.6%, and the recall rate is 89.4%.
LI Xinwu , LIANG Shuang , YANG Bojin , ZHAO Jingjing
We propose an algorithm for ice crack identification and detection using u-net network, which can realize the automatic detection of Antarctic ice cracks. Based on the data of sentinel-1 EW from January to February every year, in order to suppress the speckle noise of SAR image, the probabilistic patch based weights (ppb) algorithm is selected for filtering, and then representative samples are selected and input into the u-net network for model training, and the ice cracks are predicted according to the trained model. Taking five typical ice shelves（Amery、Fimbul、Nickerson、Shackleton、Thwaiters) in Antarctica as an example, the average accuracy of classification results can reach 94.5%, of which the local accuracy of fissure area can reach 78.6%, and the recall rate is 89.4%.
LI Xinwu , LIANG Shuang , YANG Bojin , ZHAO Jingjing
The water resources simulation data of Southeast Asian countries and the Lancang Mekong River Basin (1980-2019) is the result of using the meteorological data output from the WRF model as the driving data and simulation through the ways model. The data includes evapotranspiration, surface runoff, underground runoff, total runoff, groundwater, infiltration and soil moisture data of Southeast Asia land area from 1980 to 2019. The temporal resolution is daily and the spatial resolution is 3km. The data is generally good, but due to the limitations of the model, there are certain errors in the simulation results of a few variables. It is not recommended to use the research with high requirements for data accuracy. The data can reflect the situation of water resources in Southeast Asia to a certain extent, and provide data support for relevant research.
LIU Junguo
Road noise barriers (rnbs) are important urban infrastructure for building livable cities. However, the lack of large-scale and accurate geospatial data on rnbs hinders the rational urban planning, sustainable urban development and continuous improvement of urban environment. To solve this problem, this study proposes a geospatial artificial intelligence framework, which uses street view images to create vectorized RNB data sets in China. First, the road network of each city is intensively sampled based on OpenStreetMap as a geographical reference for downloading 6 million Baidu street view (BSV) images. In addition, a convolutional neural network containing image background information (ic-cnn) based on integrated learning strategy was also developed to detect RNB from BSV images. Subsequently, based on the identified RNB location, an RNB data set in the form of broken lines is generated, with a total length of 2667.02 kilometers and distributed in 222 cities. Finally, the quality of RNB data set is evaluated from two aspects: one is detection accuracy; Second, integrity and positioning accuracy. Based on a group of randomly selected samples containing 10000 BSV images, four quantitative indexes were calculated: the overall accuracy rate was 98.61%, the recall rate was 87.14%, the accuracy rate was 76.44%, and the F1 score was 81.44%. In addition, BSV images were used to conduct manual surveys on roads with a total length of 254 km in different cities to evaluate the mileage deviation and intersection ratio between the generated and surveyed rnbs: the root mean square error of mileage deviation was 0.08 km, and the intersection ratio was 88.08% ± 2.95%. The evaluation results show that the generated RNB data set is of high quality and can be used as an accurate and reliable data set for various large-scale urban studies.
CHEN Min
Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) refers to the percentage of the vertical projected area of vegetation to the total area of the study area. It is an important indicator to measure the effectiveness of ecological protection and ecological restoration. It is widely used in the fields of climate, ecology, soil erosion and so on. FVC is not only an ideal parameter to reflect the productivity of vegetation, but also can play a good role in evaluating topographic differences, climate change and regional ecological environment quality. This research work is mainly to post process two sets of glass FVC data, and give a more reliable vegetation coverage of the circumpolar Arctic Circle (north of 66 ° n) and the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (north of 26 ° n to 39.85 °, east longitude 73.45 ° to 104.65 °) in 2013 and 2018 through data fusion, elimination of outliers and clipping.
YE Aizhong
Firstly, the freeze thaw index is calculated by using the resampled crunep data, and then the permafrost area of circum-Arctic is predicted by the frozen number model after snow depth correction. The simulated pan Arctic permafrost area from 2000 to 2015 is 19.96 × 106 km2。 Places inconsistent with the distribution of Pan Arctic permafrost provided by the existing international snow and Ice Data Center are mainly located in island permafrost areas.
NIU Fujun
The data of Cenozoic plant macrofossils on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau includes leaves, seeds and fruits. It includes Latin and Chinese names of families, genera and species, times, places of origin, morphological descriptions, discussions, specimens and references. The species names are assigned according to the original literature. For fossil records revised by later research, the revised records were chosen; The age of the origin (fossil site) is assigned according to the latest literature. The terms and description paradigm of leaf shape description are referred to the book "Leaf Structure Manual"; The length, angle, and other measurement data in the description are derived from the original literature. The fossil records of the document are sorted alphabetically by Latin initials of families and genera. The data can provide important clues for studying the coupling relationship between the environmental climate changed and the evolution of vegetation and plant diversity in the Cenozoic Qinghai Tibetan Plateau.
ZHOU Zhekun , LIU Jia , CHEN Linlin , ROBERT Spicer , LI Shufeng , HUANG Jian , ZHANG Shitao , HUANG Yongjiang , JIA Linbo , HU Jinjin , SU Tao
The dataset contains microbial amplicon sequencing data from a total of 269 ice samples collected from 15 glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau from November 2016 to August 2020, including 24K Glacier (24K), Dongkemadi Glacier (DKMD), Dunde Glacier (DD), Jiemayangzong Glacier (JMYZ), Kuoqionggangri Glacier (KQGR), Laigu Glacier (LG), Palung 4 Glacier (PL4), Qiangtang 1 Glacier (QT), Qiangyong Glacier (QY), Quma Glacier (QM), Tanggula Glacier (TGL), Xiagangjiang Glacier (XGJ), Yala Glacier (YA), Zepugou Glacier (ZPG), ZhufengDongrongbu Glacier (ZF). The sampling areas ranged in latitude and longitude from 28.020°N to 38.100°N and 86.28°E to 95.651°E. The 16s rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 515F/907R (or 515F/806R) primers and sequenced with the Illumina Hiseq2500 sequencing platform to obtain raw data. The selected primer sequences were "515F_GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA; 907R_CCGTCAATTCMTTTRAGTTT" "515F_GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGG; 806R_ GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT". The uploaded data include: sample number, sample description, sampling time, latitude and longitude coordinates, sample type, sequencing target, sequencing fragment, sequencing primer, sequencing platform, data format and other basic information. The sequencing data are stored in sequence file data format forward *.1.fq.gz and reverse *.2.fq.gz compressed files.
LIU Yongqin
Log and image are unique and important primary data of field research, and also an important part of scientific data. In order to further standardize the collection, collation, warehousing and exchange of expedition logs and image data of the second Comprehensive scientific investigation and research project on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and ensure the operability, organization and standardization of the warehousing of expedition logs and image data, this technical specification is formulated. This specification provides procedures and methods for the collection and collation of investigation logs and image data, including work preparation, field investigation, data collation and other requirements, in order to better serve the storage of investigation data. This specification applies to the collation and storage of log and image data of field investigations organized by the second Comprehensive scientific investigation and research project on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and other relevant data formed by field investigations can also be carried out by reference to this technical specification.
YANG Yaping
This data is the plant diversity and distribution data of chnyb013 grid on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, including the Chinese name, Latin name, latitude and longitude, altitude, collection number, number of molecular materials, number of specimens, administrative division, small place, collector, collection time and creator of plants in this grid. The data is obtained from e scientific research website（ http://ekk.kib.ac.cn/web/index/#/ ）And partially complete the identification. This data has covered a large number of plant catalogues and specific distribution information in this flora. This data can be used not only to study the floristic nature of this region, but also to explore the horizontal and vertical gradient pattern of plants in this region.
DENG Tao
This data is the plant diversity and distribution data of chnac006 grid on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, including the Chinese name, Latin name, latitude and longitude, altitude, collection number, number of molecular materials, number of specimens, administrative division, small place, collector, collection time and creator of plants in this grid. The data is obtained from e scientific research website（ http://ekk.kib.ac.cn/web/index/#/ ）And partially complete the identification. This data has covered the list and specific distribution information of more than 600 species of plants in more than 200 genera and 91 families in this flora. This data can be used not only to study the floristic nature of this region, but also to explore the horizontal and vertical gradient pattern of plants in this region.
DENG Tao
This data is the plant diversity and distribution data of the chnab005 grid on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, including the Chinese name, Latin name, latitude and longitude, altitude, collection number, number of molecular materials, number of specimens, administrative division, small place, collector, collection time and creator of the plants in this grid. This data is obtained from e-Science website（ http://ekk.kib.ac.cn/web/index/#/ ）And partially complete the identification. This data has covered the list of plants in this flora and the specific distribution information. This data can be used not only to study the floristic nature of this region, but also to explore the horizontal and vertical gradient pattern of plants in this region. What is different from last year is that the grid with the most scientific research data this year has changed, which may be affected by the epidemic or the environment.
DENG Tao
This data is the plant diversity and distribution data of chnz016 grid on Qinghai Tibet Plateau, including the Chinese name, Latin name, latitude and longitude, altitude, collection number, number of molecular materials, number of specimens, administrative division, small place, collector, collection time and creator of plants in this grid. The data is obtained from e scientific research website（ http://ekk.kib.ac.cn/web/index/#/ ）And partially complete the identification. This data has covered the list and specific distribution information of all plants in this flora. This data can be used not only to study the floristic nature of this region, but also to explore the horizontal and vertical gradient pattern of plants in this region.
DENG Tao
1) Soil environmental quality data of typical industrial parks in Huangshui basin of Qinghai Province provide basic support for soil pollution control caused by regional industrial activities; 2) The data source is the soil samples of typical areas in Huangshui River Basin. After collection, the samples are quickly stored in the refrigerator at - 4 ℃ and sent to the laboratory as soon as possible. After pretreatment, the relevant parameters are tested; 3) The process of sample collection and transportation meets the specifications, and the experimental detection process strictly follows the relevant standards. Due to the changes of various factors of soil environment, the results are only aimed at the investigation results; 4) The data can be used to analyze regional soil pollution and heavy metal risk assessment;
WANG Lingqing
The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is known as the "Asian water tower", and its runoff, as an important and easily accessible water resource, supports the production and life of billions of people around, and supports the diversity of ecosystems. Accurately estimating the runoff of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and revealing the variation law of runoff are conducive to water resources management and disaster risk avoidance in the plateau and its surrounding areas. The glacier runoff segmentation data set covers the five river source areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from 1971 to 2015, with a time resolution of year by year, covering the five river source areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (the source of the Yellow River, the source of the Yangtze River, the source of the Lancang River, the source of the Nujiang River, and the source of the Yarlung Zangbo River), and the spatial resolution is the watershed. Based on multi-source remote sensing and measured data, it is simulated using the distributed hydrological model vic-cas coupled with the glacier module, The simulation results are verified with the measured data of the station, and all the data are subject to quality control.
WANG Shijin
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas (Pan third pole area), and clarify its related genetic background. In 2020, we extracted the total DNA from 266 global chicken blood, tissue and other DNA tissue samples, built a database and sequenced the whole genome. At the same time, we downloaded the published chicken genome data, and carried out population analysis of 863 chicken genomes, so as to provide basic data for exploring the historical events of domestication, migration and expansion of domestic chickens in the pan third pole region, and further explore the adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals to harsh environments such as drying. Articles related to this data set have been published. All data in this data set can be downloaded online from fastq, BAM, VCF and SNP files.
PENG Minsheng
1) Data content: CT scan dataset of vegetation-soil-rock three-dimensional spatial structure of typical watersheds in Qilian Mountains, the data includes the volume density of moss layers at different depths, soil macroporosity and soil gravel volume density data in typical watersheds of Qilian Mountains; 2) Data Source and processing method: The moss layer and the undisturbed soil column with a depth of 30 cm under the moss cover were collected in a typical small watershed of the Qilian Mountains, and the moss layer and the undisturbed soil column were scanned with an industrial X-ray three-dimensional microscope; 3) Data quality description: The resolution of moss layer is 40 μm, and the resolution of undisturbed soil column is 68 μm; 4) Data application results and prospects: CT scan data set of vegetation-soil-rock three-dimensional spatial structure of typical small watersheds in Qilian Mountains is suitable for ecological restoration, water resources management and utilization in Qilian Mountains. It is of great significance and can provide basic data and theoretical support for elaborating the water conservation function and mechanism of the Qilian Mountains.
HU Xia
The dataset of landuse types in Qilian Mountains National Park in 1985 is a vector dataset based on the remote sensing monitoring dataset of the current landuse situation in China by CAS, which is obtained through cropping and splicing operations. The data production production is vector data generated by manual visual interpretation using Landsat TM/ETM remote sensing images as the main data source. 3 datasets for 2000-2020 are raster datasets with 30m resolution based on GlobeLand30 global 30m ground cover data, obtained through mask extraction and other operations. The land use types of all datasets include 10 primary types of cropland, forest, shrubland, grassland, wetland, water, tundra, impervious surface, bareland, glacier, and permanent snow. The data products can detect most of the land cover changes caused by human activities, which is very important in practical applications. This data can be used to analyze the historical land use types in the Qilian Mountains region and to analyze the changes of land use types in the Qilian Mountains region in combination with the current landuse type data.
NIAN Yanyun
This data set is based on the remote sensing monitoring data set of landuse status in China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the data of land use types of Qilian Mountain National Park in 1985 through cutting, splicing and other operations. Data production is the vector data generated by manual visual interpretation using Landsat TM / ETM Remote sensing images as the main data source. Landuse types include cropland, forest, shrub, grassland, wetland, water, tundra, impervious surface, bareland, glacier and permanent snow. We can analyze the historical landuse types in Qilian mountain area, and analyze the changes of land use types in Qilian mountain area combined with the current landuse type data.
NIAN Yanyun
To explore inorganic hydrochemical characteristics of the upper Yarlung Zangbo River, water samples were collected from the main stream and different tributaries in this region in August 2020. The water was collected with 100mL polyethylene (PE) plastic bottle, and the basic physical and chemical parameters such as pH value (±0.2) and dissolved oxygen (±1%) of the sampling site were measured by multi -parameter water quality monitor (YSI-EX02,USA).,and HCO3- concentration was titrated with 0.025mol/L HCl.The concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, NO3- and Cl- ions were analyzed and determined by ion chromatograph (Shenhan CIC-D160, China) in the laboratory. Using Gibbs model, correlation analysis and principal component analysis method, analyzed the one main ion concentration changes, chemical composition characteristics, analytical, and the ion source was designed to reveal inorganic water chemical characteristics of The Tibet plateau glacier melt water runoff, and for plateau typical river water and changing trend forecast provides the basis.
NIU Fengxia
The dataset includes three high-resolution DSM data as well as Orthophoto Maps of Kuqionggangri Glacier, which were measured in September 2020, June 2021 and September 2021. The dataset is generated using the image data taken by Dajiang Phantom 4 RTK UAV, and the products are generated through tilt photogrammetry technology. The spatial resolution of the data reaches 0.15 m. This dataset is a supplement to the current low-resolution open-source topographic data, and can reflect the surface morphological changes of Kuoqionggangri Glacier from 2020 to 2021. The dataset helps to accurately study the melting process of Kuoqionggangri Glacier under climate change.
LIU Jintao
Through the joint inversion of seismic waveforms and InSAR coseismic displacement data, our study revealed the spatiotemporal and spatial source rupture processprocesses of the two strong earthquakes that occurred in struck the eastern Tibetan Plateau atin May 2021. The results show that the Yangbi earthquake, which occurred in along the southeastern margin of the TibetTibetan Plateau, was a Mw6.1 event with characterized by unilateral right-dextral strike-slip rupture and 8s an 8 s duration. The In addition, the Maduo earthquake, which occurred in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, was a Mw7.5 event with characterized by left-sinistral lateral-strike- slip extendedextending along both sides of the earthquake seismogenic fault and 36sa 36 s duration. The rupture properties of these two strong earthquakes reflect the deformation characteristics of different parts of the eastern Tibetan Plateau,. and also These events also caused the increase of the Coulomb stress of the surrounding active faults to increase, so we should pay attention to the risk potential of future earthquakes should be evaluated.
WANG Weimin
This dataset includes the maximum normalized vegetation index (NDVI) data from 1982 to 2015, the maximum enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data from 2000 to 2020, and the land cover change (LUCC) data from 2001 to 2019 in the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor (CMREC). Among these, NDVI data was extracted from GIMMS satellite data with a resolution of 8 km; EVI and LUCC data were extracted from MODIS satellite data (MOD13A3 and MCD12C1) with a resolution of 1 km and 5 km, respectively. The dataset filters the outliers or missing values in the original data, which is of higher quality than the source data. Meanwhile, we adopted the maximum value composite (MVC) method to process NDVI and EVI data to obtain the annual maximum NDVI and EVI, which can better reflect the vegetation distribution and change in CMREC over the past several decades. The spatio-temporal changes of vegetation and land use extracted from satellite remote sensing data will provide scientifical guidance for the risk control and prevention of the ecological environment change in CMREC.
ZHANG Xueqin
The Wuyu Basin is bounded by the Gangdese Mountains to the north and the Yarlung Tsangpo River to the south, and is a representative basin to study the Cenozoic tectonism of the southern Tibet. The sedimentary strata in the Wuyu Basin include the Paleocene-Eocene Linzizong Group volcanics and the Oligocene Rigongla Formation (Fm.) volcanics, the Miocene lacustrine sediments of the Mangxiang Fm. and Laiqing Fm. volcanics, the late Miocene-Pliocene Wuyu Fm., and the Pleistocene Dazi Fm. Five sandstone samples from the Mangxiang Fm., Wuyu Fm. and Dazi Fm. and one modern Wuyu reiver sand sample were collected for detrital zircon U-Pb dating using the LA-ICP-MS method. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages in the Mangxiang Fm. show a large cluster at 45-80 Ma; those in the Wuyu Fm. show a large cluster at 8-15 Ma and a subsidiary cluster at 45-70 Ma; those in the Dazi Fm. show three large clusters at 45-65 Ma, 105-150 Ma and 167-238 Ma; and those in modern Wuyu river show a large cluster at 8-15 Ma and a subsidiary cluster at 45-65 Ma (Figure 1). Late Cretaceous-early Eocene zircons in all samples are consistent with the most prominent stage of magmatism of the Gangdese Mountains; the 8-15 Ma zircons in the Wuyu Fm. and modern Wuyu river are consistent with the magmatism of the Laiqing Fm.; and the Triassic-Jurassic zircons in the Dazi Fm. are consistent with the magmatism of the central Lhasa terrane. The results of detrital zircon U-Pb ages and sedimentary facies analyses in the Wuyu Basin indicate that the southern Tibetan Plateau suffered multi-stage tectonism-magmatism since the India-Asia collision: (1) Paleogene Linzizong Group-Rigongla Fm. volcanics; (2) tectonism-magmatism at ~15 Ma ended the lacustrine sediments of the Mangxiang Fm. and resulted in volcanism of the Laiqing Fm.; (3) tectonism at ~8 Ma resulted in the volcanic rocks of the Laiqing Fm. becoming one of the main provenances for the overlying Wuyu Fm.; (4) the Wuyu Basin formed braided river and received sediments from the central Lhasa terrane to its north at ~2.5 Ma. The geomorphic pattern of the southern Tibet has gradually formed since the Quaternary.
MENG Qingquan MENG Qingquan
This data is the runoff and evapotranspiration generated by the precipitation in the growing season of the upper reaches of Heihe River from 1992 to 2015. Temporal resolution: year (growingseason), spatial resolution: 0.00833°. The data include precipitation (mm), evapotranspiration (mm), runoff (mm) and soil water content (m3 / m3). The data are obtained by using meteorological, soil and vegetation parameters based on Eagleson eco hydrological model. The simulated rainfall runoff is verified by using the observed runoff data in the growing season of 6 sub basins in the upper reaches of Heihe River (Heihe main stream, Babao River, yeniugou, Liyuan River, Wafangcheng and Hongshui River). The variation range of correlation coefficient (R) is 0.53-0.74, RMSE is 32.46-233.18 mm, and the relative error range is -0.66-0.0005; The difference between simulated evapotranspiration and gleam et is − 115.36 mm to 44.1 mm. The simulation results can provide some reference for hydrological simulation in the upper reaches of Heihe River.
ZHANG Baoqing
The Paleogene marine strata in southern Tibet are well developed and rich in foraminifera and other marine fossils. Based on the study of macroforaminifera taxonomy and Stratigraphy in the West Tethys domain (mainly the Mediterranean region), western scholars established the Paleocene Eocene macroforaminifera biostratigraphy in 1998. Compared with Tibet in the East Tethys domain, the development of macroforaminifera in the Paleocene in the Mediterranean region is relatively poor. Therefore, the accuracy of biostratigraphy based on sittis foraminifera is low. In this study, detailed profile survey and high-density sample collection of lower Paleogene carbonate sedimentary strata in guru area, southern Tibet are carried out to supplement and improve the biostratigraphy of macroforaminifera in southern Tibet on the basis of macroforaminiferal taxonomy research; Based on biostratigraphy and carbon isotope stratigraphy, a high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework is established. A total of 7 profiles were measured in this study, and the profiles are located between 89 ° 11 ′ ~ 89 ° 13 ′ E and 28 ° 3 ′ ~ 28 ° 7 ′ n; The elevation range is 4643 ~ 5380 M. Based on the observation of rock slices in the laboratory, the age of the measured strata is preliminarily judged. P2 section is a limestone sequence overlying the late Cretaceous strata, representing the earliest Paleocene sedimentation in the study area; P1 section is a set of very thick limestone deposits of lower Paleocene; Section E2 is the top of Paleocene, close to the Paleocene / Eocene boundary; The ages of sections E1, E3, E3s and E4 are roughly early Eocene; The grayish green marl and red shale at the top of section E4 represent the latest marine strata in the study area. We plan to conduct detailed taxonomic and stratigraphic studies on foraminifera in these sections to establish high-resolution large foraminifera biostratigraphy; At the same time, we also need to analyze the changes in composition and abundance of macroforaminifera, and further explore the evolution process of macroforaminifera in early Paleogene. For the sandstone strata in the section, we need to conduct detrital zircon U-Pb isotope analysis, the obtained age and biostratigraphic data confirm each other, and further explore the paleogeographic evolution process under the influence of India Eurasia collision.
ZHANG Qinghai
To fully implement the measures for the administration of the scientific data for the "government budget funding for formation of the scientific data shall, in accordance with the open as normal, not open for exception principle, by the competent department to organize the formulation of scientific data resources directory, the directory should be timely access to the national data sharing and data exchange platform, open to society and relevant departments to share, In the spirit of unimpeded military-civilian sharing channels for scientific data, and in accordance with the relevant requirements of relevant exchange standards and specifications, this code is now established for the second Comprehensive scientific investigation and research project on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The main drafting unit of this code: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS. Main draftsman of this specification: project group 9 of the second Comprehensive Scientific investigation and research Mission of qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
YANG Yaping
The data includes ecological policy documents after 1979, involving laws, regulations, terms and schemes on Ecological Governance and ecological management at the national and local government levels. The data combed the evolution process of the country in ecological and environmental governance, as well as the environmental strategies established in different development periods. The research group collected various documents of ecological policies on the government's official website and local yearbooks every year from 2018 to 2021. In order to ensure the relative integrity and pertinence of the data, this study sorted and selected the policy texts according to the following principles: ① the main sources of policies are the government's official website and its subordinate departments; ② Documents in line with ecological policies; ③ Select laws and regulations, plans, opinions, methods, detailed rules, regulations, announcements, notices, resolutions and other documents reflecting ecological environment policies. Construct the categories of the policy documents studied, that is, determine the perspective of analyzing the policy text, and define the primary and secondary categories, so that the chief coder and sub coder can understand it uniformly; ② Code the policies one by one after preparing the coding table according to the main category, that is, after carefully reading the policy content, if its content meets the analysis dimension required by the category construction table, fill its code into the coding table; ③ The data of this study is based on the official website and field policy research, which can effectively distinguish the contents of categories involved in the policy text. Therefore, the content analysis of this study has a good level of validity The innovation and evolution of policies change the impact of human activities on the environment to a certain extent, and the guidance and impact of ecological policies on environmentally vulnerable areas are more obvious. If we can fully grasp the dynamic change process of ecological policies and understand the evolution law of ecological policies, we can formulate ecological policies conducive to improving the environment, This paper studies the evolution law of Qilian mountain ecological policy issued since 1979 by using the content analysis method, in order to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of Qilian mountain ecological policy
DING Wenguang , XIE Shuntao
The Cenozoic strata developed within and around the Tibetan Plateau, contain fruitful information on the tectonic evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate changes. It's very significant on revealing the history of the uplift and deformation of the Tibetan Plateau and its relevant effects on the regional and even global environment and climate. This data set contains several well developed sections, which have been identified by the systematic geological survey. Depending on the tools (e.g. GPS, geological compass) in the fieldwork, we have finished the geological measurements and descriptions of these sections as well as the relevant geological maps. It includes a 90-m loess deposit of the Duikang section in the Linxia basin, several fluvial and lacustrine deposits (such as the 1890-m Dayu section in the Lunpola basin, the 300-m Shuanghe section in the Jianchuan basin, the 252-m Caijiachong section in the Qujing basin) and a 932-m saline lacustrine deposit with gypsolyte of the Jiangcheng section in the Simao basin. This data set provides a solid geological foundation for the following researches on stratigraphic chronology, tectonic evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate, and so forth.
FANG Xiaomin , FANG Xiaomin, YAN Maodu, ZHANG Weilin, ZHANG Dawen
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is fundamental physiological variable driving the process of material and energy exchange, and is indispensable for researches in ecological and agricultural fields. In this study, we produced a 35-year (1984-2018) high-resolution (3 h, 10 km) global grided PAR dataset with an effective physical-based PAR model. The main inputs were cloud optical depth from the latest International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) H-series cloud products, the routine variables (water vapor, surface pressure and ozone) from the ERA5 reanalysis data, aerosol from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) products and albedo from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product after 2000 and CLARRA-2 product before 2000. The grided PAR products were evaluated against surface observations measured at seven experimental stations of the SURFace RADiation budget network (SURFRAD), 42 experimental stations of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), and 38 experimental stations of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN). The instantaneous PAR was validated at the SURFRAD and NEON, and the mean bias errors (MBEs) and root mean square errors (RMSEs) are 5.6 W m-2 and 44.3 W m-2, and 5.9 W m-2 and 45.5 W m-2, respectively, and correlation coefficients (R) are both 0.94 at 10 km scale. When averaged to 30 km, the errors were obviously reduced with RMSEs decreasing to 36.3 W m-2 and 36.3 W m-2 and R both increasing to 0.96. The daily PAR was validated at the SURFRAD, NEON and CERN, and the RMSEs were 13.2 W m-2, 13.1 W m-2 and 19.6 W m-2, respectively at 10 km scale. The RMSEs were slightly reduced to 11.2 W m-2, 11.6 W m-2, and 18.6 W m-2 when upscaled to 30 km. Comparison with the other well-known global satellite-based PAR product of the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) reveals that our PAR product was a more accurate dataset with higher resolution than the CRERS. Our grided PAR dataset would contribute to the ecological simulation and food yield assessment in the future.
TANG Wenjun
In 1970, land use was visually interpreted from MSS images, with an overall interpretation accuracy of more than 90%. Land classification was carried out in accordance with the land use classification system of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. For detailed classification rules, please read the data description document. The 2005 and 2015 data sets were collected from the European Space Agency (ESA) Data acquisition of global land cover types includes five Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) and Xinjiang, China. There are 22 land use types in the data set. The IPCC land use classification system is adopted. Please refer to the documentation for specific classification details.
LUO Geping
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