The passive seismic data was collected from 20 portable broadband stations deployed in the intersection of the Pamir, the Tarim basin and the Tianshan orogenic belt between October 2019 and July 2020. The waveforms were cut 50 s prior to and 150 s after the P wave arrival. Seismic events were chosen with magnitudes greater than or equal to 6.0 and epicentral distance range of 30-95°. The data can be used in seismic tomography，shear wave splitting and receiver function technique to obtain the high-resolution crustal and upper mantle velocity structure, the depths of typical discontinuities and the anisotropic characteristics, provide vital constraints on elucidating the intracontinental deformation mechanism in response to India-Asia collision.
XU Qiang
The data are the radioisotope dating data of magmatic and metamorphic rocks, the major and trace geochemical data of whole rock and the major geochemical data of minerals. Samples were collected from diorite and garnet biotite schist in Gangdese belt, Nimu area, southern Tibet. The U-Pb isotopic data of zircon and monazite were obtained by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The major and trace geochemical data of the whole rock are obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The main geochemical data of minerals are obtained by EPMA. The age of regional magmatism and metamorphism can be determined by the obtained data.
MA Xuxuan
The Himalayas is the most majestic, tall and young folded mountain system on earth. Before Eocene, the Himalayas were in a long-term sinking shallow sea environment. Under the action of extremely strong Himalayan movement, the Himalayas rose from the sea. By the end of tertiary, it had risen to a high mountain with an average height of more than 3000 meters. Therefore, under the influence of global climate change, Mount Everest has experienced several major Pleistocene glaciations, leaving behind various glacial related sediments and interglacial deposits. In 1960, the scientific investigation team of the Chinese Everest mountaineering team and the scientific investigation team of the Chinese xishabangma mountaineering team in 1964 conducted a more detailed investigation on the glaciers and other Quaternary sediments in the two peaks and their adjacent areas. During the scientific investigation of Mount Qomolangma from 1966 to 1968, on the basis of previous work, the Quaternary glacial deposits characteristic of this area were further investigated, and the research on various deposits in interglacial period and post glacial period was strengthened, so as to find some complete and typical quaternary stratigraphic profiles. This data set comes from the field investigation of the scientific research team in this book. Outline This paper introduces the spatial distribution characteristics of Quaternary sediments, focuses on several main quaternary stratigraphic profiles, preliminarily establishes the sequence of Quaternary strata in this area and discusses the age of strata. It lays a foundation for in-depth discussion of Quaternary glaciation, paleoclimate and the rise of Himalayas in this area.
Tibetan Scientific Expedition of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Data source: tabular data in comprehensive investigation series of Kekexili area. This paper summarizes the strata of xijinwulan belt, Kekexili area and Tanggula area in the northern slope of Tanggula Mountain. Based on the previous regional geological survey results and the paper "Introduction to the geology of Kekexili and its adjacent areas in Qinghai", this paper is based on the paleontological, stratigraphic and structural characteristics. From south to north, qingkekexili area can be divided into four different stratigraphic and structural divisions: xijinwulan belt in Tanggula area, Kekexili area and East Kunlun area. Tanggula area and xijinwulan zone, East Kunlun area and Kekexili area are separated by the northern margin of Tanggula Mountain and the southern margin of East Kunlun Mountain respectively, while the boundary between xijinwulan zone and Kekexili area is roughly on the north side of xijinwulan and the north slope of Fenghuoshan.
SHA Jingeng
The data set is a three-dimensional lithospheric stress field model in the Sichuan-Yunnan region, which is constrained by GPS velocity field and focal mechanism solution. A 3D finite element model of regional lithospheric deformation is constructed by using the lithospheric structure fracture information in Sichuan-Yunnan region. The velocity boundary constraints of the model are given by integrating the regional GPS velocity published in the existing researches and the latest observation. At the same time, the stress field of the model is constrained by the focal mechanism solution of regional small and medium earthquakes and mantle convection. A comprehensive simulation model of current crustal deformation and stress field in Sichuan-Yunnan region is constructed. The model can be used for further study on valuable scientific issues such as the mechanism of the large earthquakes preparation, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
XIONG Xiong
This data set includes major and trace elements and zircon U-Pb isotope data of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in Baoshan block, Tengchong, Yunnan Province. The sampling time is 2018, and the area is near lameng Town, Baoshan District, Tengchong, Yunnan. The rock samples include 8 sedimentary rock samples. This data provides key information for understanding the evolution of the middle Tethys structure between Tengchong and Baoshan, and limits the closing time of the middle Tethys ocean to the late Jurassic, which is of great significance for discussing the evolution process of the Tethys structure. The whole rock major and trace elements of rock samples were tested by fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), and zircon U-Pb was dated by laser ablation plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS). The testing units include Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Institute of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The related articles of this data set have been published in the Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, and the data results are true and reliable.
ZHANG Jiuyuan
This data set is the original observation data of magnetotelluric method (MT) collected by the project team in Yangbajing Geothermal field, Dangxiong County, Tibet. The data format is EDI and contains 53 files. The data set contains 4 MT profiles, with the distance between survey lines of about 1km and the distance between survey points of about 500m. The field data acquisition equipment adopts the new SEP ground electromagnetic detection system developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. At each MT measuring point, the two horizontal components ex (north-south direction) and ey (east-west direction) of the electric field are measured with a non polarized electrode, and the three components HX (north-south direction), hy (east-west direction) and Hz (plumb bob direction) of the magnetic field are measured with a magnetic sensor. The observation time of each measuring point exceeds 10 hours, and the effective frequency range is 320 hz~0.001 Hz. Through the preprocessing and inversion of the data set, the electrical structure in the depth of 10km in Yangbajing Geothermal field can be obtained, which provides a basis for the location and scale of deep heat sources, heat control and heat conduction structures in the investigation area.
CHEN Weiying
This data set is the original observation data of magnetotelluric method (MT) collected by the project team in Yangyi geothermal field, Dangxiong County, Tibet. The data format is EDI and contains 36 files. The data set contains 3 MT profiles, with the distance between survey lines of about 1km and the distance between survey points of about 500m. The field data acquisition equipment adopts the new SEP ground electromagnetic detection system developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. At each MT measuring point, the two horizontal components ex (north-south direction) and ey (east-west direction) of the electric field are measured with a non polarized electrode, and the three components HX (north-south direction), hy (east-west direction) and Hz (plumb bob direction) of the magnetic field are measured with a magnetic sensor. The observation time of each measuring point exceeds 10 hours, and the effective frequency range is 320 hz~0.001 Hz. Through the preprocessing and inversion of the data set, the electrical structure in the depth of 10km in Yangyi geothermal field can be obtained, which provides a basis for the location and scale of deep heat sources, heat control and heat conduction structures in the investigation area.
CHEN Weiying
The Wuyu Basin is bounded by the Gangdese Mountains to the north and the Yarlung Tsangpo River to the south, and is a representative basin to study the Cenozoic tectonism of the southern Tibet. The sedimentary strata in the Wuyu Basin include the Paleocene-Eocene Linzizong Group volcanics and the Oligocene Rigongla Formation (Fm.) volcanics, the Miocene lacustrine sediments of the Mangxiang Fm. and Laiqing Fm. volcanics, the late Miocene-Pliocene Wuyu Fm., and the Pleistocene Dazi Fm. Five sandstone samples from the Mangxiang Fm., Wuyu Fm. and Dazi Fm. and one modern Wuyu reiver sand sample were collected for detrital zircon U-Pb dating using the LA-ICP-MS method. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages in the Mangxiang Fm. show a large cluster at 45-80 Ma; those in the Wuyu Fm. show a large cluster at 8-15 Ma and a subsidiary cluster at 45-70 Ma; those in the Dazi Fm. show three large clusters at 45-65 Ma, 105-150 Ma and 167-238 Ma; and those in modern Wuyu river show a large cluster at 8-15 Ma and a subsidiary cluster at 45-65 Ma (Figure 1). Late Cretaceous-early Eocene zircons in all samples are consistent with the most prominent stage of magmatism of the Gangdese Mountains; the 8-15 Ma zircons in the Wuyu Fm. and modern Wuyu river are consistent with the magmatism of the Laiqing Fm.; and the Triassic-Jurassic zircons in the Dazi Fm. are consistent with the magmatism of the central Lhasa terrane. The results of detrital zircon U-Pb ages and sedimentary facies analyses in the Wuyu Basin indicate that the southern Tibetan Plateau suffered multi-stage tectonism-magmatism since the India-Asia collision: (1) Paleogene Linzizong Group-Rigongla Fm. volcanics; (2) tectonism-magmatism at ~15 Ma ended the lacustrine sediments of the Mangxiang Fm. and resulted in volcanism of the Laiqing Fm.; (3) tectonism at ~8 Ma resulted in the volcanic rocks of the Laiqing Fm. becoming one of the main provenances for the overlying Wuyu Fm.; (4) the Wuyu Basin formed braided river and received sediments from the central Lhasa terrane to its north at ~2.5 Ma. The geomorphic pattern of the southern Tibet has gradually formed since the Quaternary.
MENG Qingquan MENG Qingquan
This dataset is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the active fault zone of the Tianshan Mountains (2013). The obtained geological map is a 1:2.5 million geological map, covering the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Tianshan Mountains. Geological structural maps can provide a digital space platform for the informatization of the national economy, and provide information services for national and provincial departments for regional planning, geological disaster monitoring, geological surveys, prospecting and exploration, and macro decision-making. The source of the obtained geological map data is to scan the paper map first, then perform georeferencing on the ArcGIS 10.5 platform, and then obtain it by vectorization. The storage format is vector data, and the spatial granularity is divided into regions.
ZHU Yaru
Structural geological profile along the survey line of deep reflection seismic profile (Dogcuoren Lake-Whale Lake section, with a total length of about 200 km) (scale of 1:100000). The section is mainly drawn based on the field geological survey along the reflection section survey line and the 1:250000 Regional Geological Map of the area where the survey line is located. Combined with the field occurrence data and 1:250000 Regional geological map data, the structural geological section is drawn with CorelDRAW and other software. The geological structure profile drawn at the scale of 1:100000 can roughly reflect the geological structure and structural characteristics along the reflection profile. The geometric structure information obtained from the geological structure section can provide shallow structural constraints for the structural interpretation of the later deep reflection seismic section and the production of the equilibrium section.
GUO Xiaoyu
The age constraints for the Cenozoic denudation history of the Wuyu region in the southern Tibetan Plateau provide evidence for the growth process of the plateau and the interaction process of tectonics-climate-erosion in this region. Apatite fission track thermochronology has a relatively lower closure temperature of ~100 °C, thus is capable of recording the denudation process of the upper crust. We collected 14 samples on terranes and sediments in the Wuyu Basin and vicinity in the southern Tibetan Plateau. These samples were fission track dated using the external detector method in the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The result shows fission track central age of terrane samples range in 44.8-11.7 Ma, and decomposed component age of detrital samples range in 36-13.4 Ma. Integrated analysis indicates the cooling age of these terranes and detritus both concentrate on the early-middle Miocene (23-12 Ma), suggesting significant rock exhumation of the study region in early-middle Miocene. We infer the exhumation event should be caused by the contemporaneous intense erosion and denudation, which is possibly related to the rapid uplift of the Lhasa-Qiangtang blocks or sharply wetting of southern Tibet. The main finding of this study is that significant denudation occurred in the early-middle Miocene in the Wuyu region, southern Tibetan Plateau.
HE Pengju
This data includes 1:4 million precision fault data within the scope of Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China. The attribute table fields include fault name, fault length, strike, dip, fault property, paleoearthquake, etc. The data comes from the Seismological Bureau. Later, by consulting a large number of fault related literature, the attribute of fault activity age is added on the basis of the original data. The accuracy of original data is reliable, and a special person is responsible for quality review; After review by many people, the data integrity, position accuracy and attribute accuracy meet the requirements of relevant technical regulations and standards, and the quality is excellent and reliable. The fault data can provide basic data support for some fault related research work in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
QI Shengwen
The data coverage area is Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor, which is vector line data. The data defines its active period and names it. The strike, nature, active period and exposure of the fault are described. However, the content is missing, and the secondary fault zone is not named. There are 590 linear elements within the Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor in this data set, but some linear elements are multiple elements of the same fault zone. The active fault zone is often the combination zone of different plates and different blocks. It is a relatively weak zone of the crust, which is easy to induce extremely serious earthquake disasters. It is also a concentrated development zone of geological disasters such as collapse, landslide and debris flow. The judgment of the location and nature of fault zone is of great significance to the risk susceptibility evaluation of geological disasters, and it is the key factor to study geological disasters.
WANG Lixuan
The data set is the distribution of the average roughness in Central Asia including three temperate deserts, the Karakum, Kyzylkum and Muyunkun Deserts, and one of the world's largest arid zones. This is the MODIS-NDVI data set calculated by using the median particle diameter and the vegetation coverage. The space and time resolutions are 500 m and 16 days, respectively. The time is from 01, January, 2017 to 18, December, 2017. The data set uses the the Geodetic coordinate system. It can be used for the investigation of the Desert oil and gas field, and oasis cities.
GAO Xin
Since 2006, China Geological Survey Bureau has organized and implemented the work of "Integration and comprehensive research on the basic geological survey results of the Tibetan Plateau". Based on the 1:250,000 regional geological survey on the blank area of the Tibetan Plateau and the latest research results at home and abroad, with the integration and comprehensive research, one of a series of maps, "1:1.5 million geotectonic map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas" have been compiled. It is published by the Geological Publishing House. The geotectonic environment of the geological body is analyzed according to the geotectonic facies division plan (3 major facies, 18 basic facies and 36 subfacies), with the 36 geotectonic subfacies as the basic mapping unit, the geotectonic map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas is compiled. The projection of the map is Conformal Conic Projection, the first standard latitude is 28 °, the second standard latitude is 37 °, the central longitude is 89 °, and the projection origin latitude is 26 ° north latitude. This data is obtained by scanning the paper map “1:1.5 million geotectonic map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas” with a high-resolution scanner, and splicing the sub maps. In the process of scanning, keep the map surface as flat as possible to reduce the error. The copyright of the map belongs to the publishing house. This data can be used by researchers who are engaged in the geological and geomorphological research of the Tibetan Plateau, it can be used for the research of regional resources exploration, geological science research, construction of major engineering facilities, environmental protection and disaster prevention in the Tibetan Plateau.
Geological Publishing House GPH
Since 2006, China Geological Survey Bureau has organized and implemented the work of "Integration and comprehensive research on the basic geological survey results of the Tibetan Plateau". Based on the 1:250,000 regional geological survey on the blank area of the Tibetan Plateau and the latest research results at home and abroad, with the integration and comprehensive research, one of a series of maps, "1:1.5 million geological map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas" have been compiled. The map is published by Geological Publishing House. Based on 177 1:250,000 Regional Geological Survey data, the regional strata and structure stratigraphic system are systematically determined, including 9 strata and structure stratigraphic areas, 36 strata and structure stratigraphic areas and 63 strata and structure stratigraphic areas. The lithostratigraphic division and correlation sequence of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas are established. A large number of geological records of geological evolution and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau are presented, which focus on the new discovery, new progress and new understanding of geological investigation and research. The projection of the map is Conformal Conic Projection, the first standard latitude is 28 °, the second standard latitude is 37 °, the central longitude is 89 °, and the projection origin latitude is 26 ° north latitude. This data is obtained by scanning the paper map “1:1.5 million geological map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas” with a high-resolution scanner, and splicing the sub maps. In the process of scanning, keep the map surface as flat as possible to reduce the error. The copyright of the map belongs to the publishing house. This data can be used by researchers who are engaged in the geological and geomorphological research of the Tibetan Plateau, it can be used for the research of regional resources exploration, geological science research, construction of major engineering facilities, environmental protection and disaster prevention in the Tibetan Plateau.
Geological Publishing House GPH
We use waveform cross-correlation to analyze the recordings of eight earthquakes (2009-2018) beneath the Indian Ocean at stations from the Chinese Digital Seismic Network. We obtain 929 high quality residual traveltime differences between the phases ScS and S (Differential traveltimes.dat). We interpret variations of δt up to 10 seconds as due to horizontal shear-velocity variations in D” beneath northern India, Nepal, and southwestern China. The shear velocity can vary by as much as 7% over distances shorter than 300 km. Our observations provide additional observational evidence that compositional heterogeneity and possibly melt contribute to the seismic structure of the lower mantle characterized by long-term subduction and mantle downwelling.
LI Guohui, BAI Ling
The dataset includs borehole core lithology, altitude survey, soil thickness and slop measurement, hydrogeological survey, and hydrogeophysical survey in the Maqu catchment of the Yellow River source region in the Tibetan Plateau. The borehole lithology data is from the 2017 drilled borehole ITC_ Maqu_ 1; altitude survey was carried out using RTK in 2019; Soil thickness and slope data were collected by auger and inclinometer in 2018 and 2019; hydrogeological survey includes groundwater table depth measurements in 2018 and 2019, and aquifer test data obtained in 2019; hydrogeological survey includes Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) , Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) , Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) , and magnetic susceptibility measurements. MRS and ERT surveys were conducted in 2018. TEM and magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out in 2019.
LI Mengna, ZENG Yijian, Maciek W. LUBCZYNSKI, BOB Su, QIAN Hui
Zircon U-Pb dating data set of Leucogranites in wengbo area of Himalayan orogenic belt is mainly zircon dating in wengbo area, and there are 28 zircon dating samples. The rocks are mainly leucogranite and pegmatite. The zircon dating method is LA-ICPMS. The data comes from the receiving phase. The articles published by the data are SCI or Ni journals, including geology, BSA bulletin and Journal of petroleum. The data results are true and reliable. The testing units are mainly Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, national testing and Analysis Center, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and Institute of mineral resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The data set can be used to study the formation age of Cenozoic magmatism in the Himalayan orogenic belt.
ZENG Lingsen , GAO Lie , YAN Lilong
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