This dataset was derived from long-term daily snow depth in China based on the boundary of the three-river-source area. The snow depth ranges from 0 to 100 cm, and the temporal coverage is from January 1 1980 to December 31 2020. The spatial and temporal resolutions are 0.25o and daily, respectively. Snow depth was produced from satellite passive microwave remote sensing data which came from three different sensors that are SMMR, SSM/I and SSMI/S. Considering the systematic bias among these sensors, the inter-sensor calibrations were performed to obtain temporal consistent passive microwave remote sensing data. And the long-term daily snow depth in China were produced from this consistent data based on the spectral gradient method.For header file information, refer to the data set header.txt.
DAI Liyun
The dataset was produced based on MODIS data. Parameters and algorithm were revised to be suitable for the land cover type in the Three-River-Source Regions. By using the Markov de-cloud algorithm, SSM/I snow water equivalent data was fused to the result. Finally, high accuracy daily de-cloud snow cover data was produced. The data value is 0(no snow) or 1(snow). The spatial resolution is 500m, the time period is from 2000-2-24 to 2019-12-31. Data format is geotiff, Arcmap or python+GDAL were recommended to open and process the data.
HAO Xiaohua
On August 19, 2018, DJI UAV was used to aerial photograph the alpine meadow sample in Qumali County, the source Park of the Yangtze River. The overlap degree of adjacent photographs was not less than 70% according to the set flight route. The Orthophoto Image and DSM were generated using the photographs taken. The Orthophoto Image included three bands of red, green and blue. The ground resolution of the Orthophoto Image was 2.5 cm, and the area of the image was 860 m x 770 m, and the resolution of DSM. It's 4.5cm.
WANG Xufeng, WEI Yanqiang
The dataset is the ground verification point dataset of land cover and vegetation type in the Source Region of Yellow River (in the north of Zaling Lake, Qinghai Province) which collected during August 2018. In the dataset, the homogeneous patches are considered as the main targets of this collection. They are easy to be recognized out and distinguished from other vegetation types. And these samples have high representativeness comparing with other land surface features. In each sample, the geographical references, longitude and latitude (degree, minute, second), time (24h) and elevation (0.1m) are recorded firstly according to GPS positioning. Vegetation types, constructive species, characteristics, land types and features, landmarks, etc. are recorded into the property table manually for checking in laboratory. At last, each sample place has been taken at least 1 photography. In this dataset, 90% or more samples have been taken 2 or more in field landscape photographs for land use type and vegetation classification examination. We have carefully examined the position accuracy of each sample in Google Earth. After 2 rounds of checking and examination, the accuracy and reliability of the property of each sample have been guaranteed.
WANG Xufeng
Gf-2 satellite is the first civil optical remote sensing satellite independently developed by China with a spatial resolution better than 1 meter. It is equipped with two high-resolution 1-meter panchromatic and 4-meter multi-spectral cameras, and the spatial resolution of the sub-satellite can reach 0.8 meters. This data set is the remote sensing image data of 6 jing gaofen-2 satellite in 2017.The folder list is: GF2_PMS1_E100.5_N37.2_20171013_L1A0002678101 GF2_PMS1_E100.5_N37.4_20171013_L1A0002678097 GF2_PMS1_E100.6_N37.6_20171013_L1A0002678096 GF2_PMS2_E100.3_N37.4_20170810_L1A0002534662 File naming rules: satellite name _ sensor name _ center longitude _ center latitude _ imaging time _L****
China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), the largest high-altitude and low-latitude permafrost zone in the world, has experienced rapid permafrost degradation in recent decades, and one of the most remarkable resulting characteristics is the formation of thermokarst lakes. Such lakes have attracted significant attention because of their ability to regulate carbon cycle, water, and energy fluxes. However, the distribution of thermokarst lakes in this area remains largely unknown, hindering our understanding of the response of permafrost and its carbon feedback to climate change.Based on more than 200 sentinel-2A images and combined with ArcGIS, NDWI and Google Earth Engine platform, this data set extracted the boundary of thermokarst lakes in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau through GEE automatic extraction and manual visual interpretation.In 2018, there were 121,758 thermokarst lakes in the permafrost area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, covering an area of 0.0004-0.5km², with a total area of 1,730.34km² respectively.The cataloging data set of Thermokarst Lakes provides basic data for water resources evaluation, permafrost degradation evaluation and thermal karst study on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
CHEN Xu, MU Cuicui, JIA Lin, LI Zhilong, FAN Chengyan, MU Mei, PENG Xiaoqing, WU Xiaodong
On August 19, 2018, the wetland sample in Qumali County, located in the source area of the Yangtze River, was aerially photographed by DJI Elf 4 UAV. A total of 31 routes were set up, flying at a height of 100 m, and the overlap of adjacent photographs was not less than 70%. A total of 1551 aerial photographs were obtained and stored in two folders named "Drone Photoes Part1" and "Drone Photoes Part2".
WANG Xufeng, WEI Yanqiang, WANG Xufeng
The dataset is the ground verification point dataset of land cover and vegetation type in the Source Region of the Yangtze River (in the south of Qinghai Province) which collected during August 2018. In the dataset, the homogeneous patches are considered as the main targets of this collection. They are easy to be recognized out and distinguished from other vegetation types. And these samples have high representativeness comparing with other land surface features. In each sample, the geographical references, longitude and latitude (degree, minute, second), time (24h) and elevation (0.1m) are recorded firstly according to GPS positioning. Vegetation types, constructive species, characteristics, land types and features, landmarks, etc. are recorded into the property table manually for checking in laboratory. At last, each sample place has been taken at least 1 photography. In this dataset, 90% or more samples have been taken 2 or more in field landscape photographs for land use type and vegetation classification examination. We have carefully examined the position accuracy of each sample in Google Earth. After 2 rounds of checking and examination, the accuracy and reliability of the property of each sample have been guaranteed.
WANG Xufeng
The dataset is the ground verification point dataset of land cover and vegetation type in the Hoh Xil (in the northwest of Qinghai Province) which collected during August 2018. In the dataset, the homogeneous patches are considered as the main targets of this collection. They are easy to be recognized out and distinguished from other vegetation types. And these samples have high representativeness comparing with other land surface features. In each sample, the geographical references, longitude and latitude (degree, minute, second), time (24h) and elevation (0.1m) are recorded firstly according to GPS positioning. Vegetation types, constructive species, characteristics, land types and features, landmarks, etc. are recorded into the property table manually for checking in laboratory. At last, each sample place has been taken at least 1 photography. In this dataset, 90% or more samples have been taken 2 or more in field landscape photographs for land use type and vegetation classification examination. We have carefully examined the position accuracy of each sample in Google Earth. After 2 rounds of checking and examination, the accuracy and reliability of the property of each sample have been guaranteed.
WANG Xufeng
The data set includes the estimated data on the SOS (start of season) and the EOS (end of season) of vegetation in Sanjiangyuan based on GIMMS3g version 1.0, the latest version of the GIMMS NDVI data set. Two common phenological estimation methods were adopted: the threshold extraction method based on polynomial fitting (the term “poly” was included in the file names) and the inflection point extraction method based on double logistic function fitting (the term “sig” was included in the file names). These data can be used to analyse the relationship between vegetation phenology and climate change. The temporal coverage ranges from 1982 to 2015, and the spatial resolution is 8 km.
WANG Xufeng
The data set contains vegetation quadrat survey data for Qumalai, Mado and Hoh Xil from August 3, 2017, to August 9, 2017. The main survey contents are coverage, altitude and above-ground biomass. It covers three vegetation types: alpine grassland, alpine wetland and alpine meadow. The latitude, longitude, altitude, total coverage, species name and quantity of the quadrat were recorded, and three samples of each species were selected to measure the altitude, the total above-ground biomass, and the above-ground biomass of each category.
HU Linyong, LI Qi, HU Linyong, LI Qi
The data set is MODIS vegetation index data (MOD13Q1). The source areas of the three rivers are extracted to carry out the research and analysis of the source areas of the three rivers separately. MOD13Q1 is a 16-day composite vegetation index, including normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI). The spatial scope of Sanjiang Source covers two MODIS files (h25v05 and h26v05). Data storage format is hdf. Each file contains 12 bands: Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Data Quality (VI Quality), Red Reflectance, Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR Reflectance), Blue Reflectance, Mid Infrared Reflectance, Observation. Viewzenith angle, sun zenith angle, relative azimuth angle, composite day of the year and pixel reliability. The data format of this data set is hdf, spatial resolution is 250m, temporal resolution is 16 days, time range: February 2000 to October 2018.
Kamel Didan*, Armando Barreto Munoz, Ramon Solano, Alfredo Huete
Monthly meteorological data of Sanjiangyuan includes 32 national standard meteorological stations. There are 26 variables: average local pressure, extreme maximum local pressure, date of extreme maximum local pressure, extreme minimum local pressure, date of extreme minimum local pressure, average temperature, extreme maximum temperature, date of extreme maximum temperature, extreme minimum temperature and date of extreme minimum temperature, average temperature anomaly, average maximum temperature, average minimum temperature, sunshine hours, percentage of sunshine, average relative humidity, minimum relative humidity, date of occurrence of minimum relative humidity, precipitation, days of daily precipitation >=0.1mm, maximum daily precipitation, date of maximum daily precipitation, percentage of precipitation anomaly, average wind speed, maximum wind speed, date of maximum wind speed, maximum wind speed, wind direction of maximum wind speed, wind direction of maximum wind speed and occurrence date of maximum wind speed. The data format is txt, named by the site ID, and each file has 26 columns. The names and units of each column are explained in the SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MON_readme.txt file. Projection information: Albers isoconic projection Central meridian: 105 degrees First secant: 25 degrees First secant: 47 degrees West deviation of coordinates: 4000000 meters
ZHU Weiwei
The data set contains NPP products data produced by the maximum synthesis method of the three source regions of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Lancang River. The data of remote sensing products MOD13Q1, MOD17A2, and MOD17A2H are available on the NASA website (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/). The MOD13Q1 product is a 16-d synthetic product with a resolution of 250 m. The MOD17A2 and MOD17A2H product data are 8-d synthetic products, the resolution of MOD17A2 is 1 000 m, and the resolution of MOD17A2H is 500 m. The final synthetic NPP product of MODIS has a resolution of 1 km. The downloaded MOD13Q1, MOD17A2, and MOD17A2H remote sensing data products are in HDF format. The data have been processed by atmospheric correction, radiation correction, geometric correction, and cloud removal. 1) MRT projection conversion. Convert the format and projection of the downloaded data product, convert the HDF format to TIFF format, convert the projection to the UTM projection, and output NDVI with a resolution of 250 m, EVI with a resolution 250 m, and PSNnet with resolutions of 1 000 m and 500 m. 2) MVC maximum synthesis. Synthesize NDVI, EVI, and PSNnet synchronized with the ground measured data by the maximum value to obtain values corresponding to the measured data. The maximum synthesis method can effectively reduce the effects of clouds, the atmosphere, and solar elevation angles. 3) NPP annual value generated from the NASA-CASA model.
Kamel Didan*, Armando Barreto Munoz, Ramon Solano, Alfredo Huete
Glaciers are very sensitive to regional and global climate change, so they are often regarded as one of the indicators of climate change, and their relevant parameters are also the key indicators of climate change research. Especially in the comparative study of the three polar environmental changes on the earth, the time and space difference ratio of glacial speed is one of the focuses of climate change research. However, because glaciers are basically located in high altitude, high latitude and high cold areas, the natural environment is poor, and people are rarely seen, and it is difficult to carry out the conventional field measurement of large-scale glacial movement. In order to understand the glacial movement in the three polar areas in a timely, efficient, comprehensive and accurate manner, radar interferometry, radar and optical image pixel tracking are used to obtain the three polar areas. The distribution of surface movement of some typical glaciers in some years from 2000 to 2017 provides basic data for the comparative analysis of the movement of the three polar glaciers. The dataset contains 12 grid files named "glacier movement in a certain period of time in a certain region". Each grid map mainly contains the regional velocity distribution of a typical glacier.
YAN Shiyong
The permafrost stability map was created based on the classification system proposed by Guodong Cheng (1984), which mainly depended on the inter-annual variation of deep soil temperature. By using the geographical weighted regression method, many auxiliary data was fusion in the map, such as average soil temperature, snow cover days, GLASS LAI, soil texture and organic from SoilGrids250, soil moisture products from CLDAS of CMA, and FY2/EMSIP precipitation products. The permafrost stability data spatial resolution is 1km and represents the status around 2010. The following table is the permafrost stability classification system. The data format is Arcgis Raster.
RAN Youhua
Lake ice is an important parameter of the cryosphere, its change is closely related to the climate parameters such as temperature and precipitation, and can directly reflect the climate change, so it is an important indicator of the regional climate parameter change. However, because the research area is often located in the area with poor natural environment and few population, large-scale field observation is difficult to carry out, so sentinel 1 satellite data is used. The spatial resolution of 10 m and the temporal resolution of better than 30 days are used to monitor the changes of different types of lake ice, which fills the observation gap. Hmrf algorithm is used to classify different types of lake ice. Through time series analysis of the distribution of different types of lake ice in three polar regions with a part area of more than 25km2, a lake ice type data set is formed. The distribution of different types of lake ice in these lakes can be obtained. The data includes the serial number of the processed lake, the year in which it is located and the serial number in the time series, vector and other information. The data set includes the algorithm used, sentinel-1 satellite data used, imaging time, polar area, lake ice type and other information. Users can determine the changes of different types of lake ice in the time series according to the vector file.
Qiu Yubao, Tian Bangsen
This data set was derived from MODIS version 005 and the IMS data set. It is a daily cloudless snow area product processed by cloud removal. Value range: 0%-100%. 200: snow; 100: lake ice; 25: land; 37: sea. The spatial resolution is 0.005 degrees (approximately 500 m), and the temporal coverage is from July 5, 2002, to December 31, 2014.
HAO Xiaohua
This data set is the data set of climate elements in Hoh Xil area of Qinghai Province, covering the data of 14 observation stations, recording the climate observation data in 1990 in detail. Hoh Xil area in Qinghai Province has a high terrain with an average altitude of over 5000m. The climate is cold, the air is thin and the natural environment is bad. The vast area is still no man's land, known as "forbidden zone for human beings". Due to less interference from human activities, most of the area still maintains its original natural state. Its special geographical location, crustal structure and natural environment, as well as the unique composition of the biological flora, have been the focus of domestic surgical circles. The original data of the data set is digitized from the book "natural environment of Hoh Xil, Qinghai Province". The climate observation data include solar radiation, temperature, precipitation, air pressure, wind speed, etc. This data set provides basic data for the study of Hoh Xil area in Qinghai Province, and has reference value for the research in related fields.
LI Bingyuan
The data set includes the estimated data of the SOS (start of season) and the EOS (end of season) of vegetation in Sanjiangyuan based on 10-day synthetic NDVI products from the SPOT satellite. Two common phenological estimation methods were adopted: the threshold extraction method based on polynomial fitting (the term “poly” was included in the file names) and the inflection point extraction method based on double logistic function fitting (the term “sig” was included in the file names). These data can be used to analyse the relationship between vegetation phenology and climate change. The temporal coverage is from 1999 to 2013, and the spatial resolution is 1 km.
WANG Xufeng
This data originates from the National Geographic Information Resources Catalogue Service System, which was provided free to the public in November 2017. We have spliced and cut the source of the three rivers as a whole, so as to facilitate the use of the study of the source area of the three rivers. This data set is composed of 1:1 million water coefficient data in Sanjiangyuan area, including three layers: water system surface (HYDA), water system line (HYDL) and water system point (HYDP). The water system surface (HYDA) includes lakes, reservoirs and double-line rivers; the water system line (HYDL) includes single-line rivers, ditches, river structure lines; and the water system point (HYDP) includes springs and wells. HYDA Attribute Item Name and Definition: Attribute Item Description Fill in Example GB National Standard Classification Code 210101 HYDC Water System Name Code KJ2103 NAME Name Heihe WQL Water Quality PERIOD Seasonal Month 7-9 TYPE Type Pass HYDL property item name and definition: Attribute Item Description Fill in Example GB National Standard Classification Code 210101 HYDC Water System Name Code KJ2103 NAME Name Heihe PERIOD Seasonal Month 7-9 HYDP property item name and definition: Attribute Item Description Fill in Example GB National Standard Classification Code 210101 NAME TYPE Type ANGLE Angle 75 Water coefficient data GB code and its meaning: Attribute Item Code Description GB 210101 Surface rivers 210200 Seasonal River 210300 Dry River 230101 Lakes 230102 Ponds 230200 Seasonal Lake 230300 Dry Lake 240101 Build Reservoir 240102 Built-in Reservoir
National Catalogue Service for Geographic Information
This data was originated from the National Geographic Information Resources Catalogue Service System, which was provided free to the public by the National Basic Geographic Information Center in November 2017. We have spliced and cut the source of the three rivers as a whole, so as to facilitate the use of the study of the source area of the three rivers. The data trend is 2017. This data set is AGNP data of 1:1 million residential place names in Sanjiangyuan area, including administrative place names at all levels and urban and rural residential place names. Names and Definitions of Attribute Items of Residential Place Name Data (AGNP): Attribute Item Description Fill in Example CLASS Geographical Name Classification Code AK NAME Name Quanqu Village PINYIN Chinese Pinyin Quanqucun GNID Place Name Code 632524000000 XZNAME Township Name Ziketan Township
National Catalogue Service for Geographic Information
The data set is extracted from the NDVI data of long time series acquired by VEGETATION sensor on SPOT satellite. The time range of the data set is from May 1998 to 2013. In order to remove the noise in NDVI data, the maximum synthesis is carried out. A NDVI image is synthesized every 10 days. The data set is cut out from the global data set, so as to carry out the research and analysis of the source areas of the three rivers separately. The data format of this data set is geotiff, spatial resolution is 1 km, temporal resolution is 10 days, time range: May 1998 to December 2013.
Image Processing Centre for SPOT-VGT
The strong spatial and temporal changes of precipitation often make it impossible to accurately know the spatial distribution and intensity changes of precipitation during the precipitation observation of conventional foundation stations. Satellite microwave remote sensing can overcome this limitation and achieve global scale precipitation and cloud observation. Compared with infrared/visible light, which can only reflect cloud thickness and cloud height, microwave can penetrate the cloud, and also use the interaction between precipitation and cloud particles in the cloud and microwave to detect the cloud and rain more directly. This data use the surface precipitation, obtained by the DPR double wave band precipitation radar carried by GPM, as the true value, soil temperature/humidity of NDVI, DEM and ERA5 as reference data. And the multi-band passive brightness temperature data of GMI is used to invert the instantaneous precipitation intensity during the warm season (May-September) in Tibetan Plateau, then the result is re-sampled to the spatial resolution of 0.1°and accumulated them to a day.
XU Shiguang
This data set is the water resources data of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from 1990 to 2010, which is the sum of renewable surface and groundwater resources. The data is in vector format and the spatial resolution is in the scale of prefecture level administrative units. The data is obtained by checking the results of VIC (variable injection capacity) hydrological model. The simulated water resources are the sum of the surface runoff and underground runoff in the output results of hydrological simulation. The simulation results are verified by comparing with the runoff data of the measured stations. According to the statistics of water resources at the provincial level in China water resources bulletin, a correction coefficient α is introduced at the provincial level, so that the product of water resources and α in the hydrological model simulation province is equal to the statistics of water resources. Then the amount of water resources in the administrative unit is the product of the total amount of water resources and α.
DU Yunyan, YI Jiawei
This dataset is derived from the paper: Ding, J., Wang, T., Piao, S., Smith, P., Zhang, G., Yan, Z., Ren, S., Liu, D., Wang, S., Chen, S., Dai, F., He, J., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Mao, J., Arain, A., Tian, H., Shi, X., Yang, Y., Zeng, N., & Zhao, L. (2019). The paleoclimatic footprint in the soil carbon stock of the Tibetan permafrost region. Nature Communications, 10(1), 4195. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12214-5. This data contains R code and a new estimate of Tibetan soil carbon pool to 3 m depth, at a 0.1° spatial resolution. Previous assessments of the Tibetan soil carbon pools have relied on a collection of predictors based only on modern climate and remote sensing-based vegetation features. Here, researchers have merged modern climate and remote sensing-based methods common in previous estimates, with paleoclimate, landform and soil geochemical properties in multiple machine learning algorithms, to make a new estimate of the permafrost soil carbon pool to 3 m depth over the Tibetan Plateau, and find that the stock (38.9-34.2 Pg C) is triple that predicted by ecosystem models (11.5 ± 4.2 Pg C), which use pre-industrial climate to initialize the soil carbon pool. This study provides evidence that illustrates, for the first time, the bias caused by the lack of paleoclimate information in ecosystem models. The data contains the following fields: Longitude (°E) Latitude (°N) SOCD (0-30cm) (kg C m-2) SOCD (0-300cm) (kg C m-2) GridArea (k㎡) 3mCstcok (10^6 kg C)
DING Jinzhi, WANG Tao
This data set uses SMMR (1979-1987), SSM / I (1987-2009) and ssmis (2009-2015) daily brightness temperature data, which is generated by double index (TB V, SG) freeze-thaw discrimination algorithm. The classification results include four types: frozen surface, melted surface, desert and water body. The data covers the source area of three rivers, with a spatial resolution of 25.067525 km. It is stored in geotif format in the form of ease grid projection. Pixel values represent the state of freezing and thawing: 1 for freezing, 2 for thawing, 3 for deserts, 4 for water bodies. Because all TIF files in the dataset describe the scope of Sanjiangyuan National Park, the row and column number information of these files is unchanged, and the excerpt is as follows (where the unit of cellsize is m): ncols 52 nrows 28 cellsize 25067.525 nodata_value 0
Soil data are extremely important at both global and local scales, and in the absence of reliable soil data, land degradation assessments, environmental impact studies and sustainable land management interventions are severely hampered。By Soil information data in the urgent need of the World, especially under the background of the convention on climate change, international institute for applied systems analysis (IIASA) and the UN food and agriculture organization (FAO) and the Kyoto protocol on Soil carbon measurement and the United Nations food and agriculture organization (FAO)/international global agriculture ecological assessment (GAEZ v3.0) jointly established under the sponsorship of a new generation of World Soil Database (Harmonized World Soil Database version 1.2) (HWSD V1.2). The 2010 data set of soil texture on the qinghai-tibet plateau was culled from the world soil database.Data format :grid format, projected as WGS84.The main soil classification system used is fao-90.Unique verification identifier of core soil institution unit: Mu_global-hwsd database soil mapping unit identifier that connects GIS layers. MU_SOURCE1 and MU_SOURCE2- source database mapping unit identifiers； SEQ- soil unit sequence in the composition of soil mapping unit; Soil classification system USES fao-7 classification system or fao-90 classification system (SU_SYM74 resp.su_sym90) or fao-85 (SU_SYM85). The main fields of the soil property sheet include: ID(database ID) MU_GLOBAL(soil unit identifier) (global) SU_SYMBOL Soil mapping unit SU_SYM74(FAO74classify ); SU_SYM85(FAO85classify); SU_SYM90（FAO90The soil name in a soil classification system)； SU_CODE Soil mapping unit code SU_CODE74 Soil unit name SU_CODE85 Soil unit name SU_CODE90 Soil unit name DRAINAGE(19.5); REF_DEPTH(Soil reference depth); AWC_CLASS(19.5); AWC_CLASS(Soil available water content); PHASE1: Real (The soil phase); PHASE2: String (The soil phase); ROOTS: String (Depth classification of obstacles to the bottom of the soil)； SWR: String (Characteristics of soil moisture content)； ADD_PROP: Real (A specific soil type in a soil unit that is associated with agricultural use)； T_TEXTURE(Topsoil texture); T_GRAVEL: Real (Percentage of aggregate volume on top)；( unit：%vol.) T_SAND: Real (Top sand content)； ( unit：% wt.) T_SILT: Real (surface silt content);(unit: % wt.) T_CLAY: Real (clay content on top);(unit: % wt.) T_USDA_TEX: Real (top-level USDA soil texture classification);(unit: name) T_REF_BULK: Real (top soil bulk density);(unit: kg/dm3.) T_OC: Real (top organic carbon content);(unit: % weight) T_PH_H2O: Real (top ph) (unit: -log(H+)) T_CEC_CLAY: Real (the cationic exchange capacity of the clay layer at the top);(unit: cmol/kg) T_CEC_SOIL: Real (cation exchange capacity of topsoil) (unit: cmol/kg) T_BS: Real (top basic saturation);(unit: %) T_TEB: Real (top exchange base);(unit: cmol/kg) T_CACO3: Real (top carbonate or lime content) (unit: % weight) T_CASO4: Real (top-level sulfate content);(unit: % weight) T_ESP: Real (top layer exchangeable sodium salt);(unit: %) T_ECE: Real (top-level conductivity).(unit: dS/m) S_GRAVEL: Real (percentage of bottom gravel volume);(unit: % vol.) S_SAND: Real (content of underlying sand);(unit: % wt.) S_SILT: Real (substratum silt content);(unit: % wt.) S_CLAY: Real (clay content in the bottom layer);(unit: % wt.) S_USDA_TEX: Real (USDA underlying soil texture classification);(unit: name) S_REF_BULK: Real (bulk density of underlying soil);(unit: kg/dm3.) S_OC: Real (bottom organic carbon content);(unit: % weight) S_PH_H2O: Real (base ph) (unit: -log(H+)) S_CEC_CLAY: Real (cation exchange capacity of the underlying cohesive soil);(unit: cmol/kg) S_CEC_SOIL: Real (cation exchange capacity of underlying soil) (unit: cmol/kg) S_BS: Real (underlying basic saturation);(unit: %) S_TEB: Real (underlying exchangeable base);(unit: cmol/kg) S_CACO3: Real (content of underlying carbonate or lime) (unit: % weight) S_CASO4: Real (substrate sulfate content);(unit: % weight) S_ESP: Real (underlying exchangeable sodium salt);(unit: %) S_ECE: Real (underlying conductivity).(unit: dS/m) This database is divided into two layers, in which the top layer (T) has a soil thickness of (0-30cm) and the bottom layer (S) has a soil thickness of (30-100cm).。 Refer to the instructions for other attribute values HWSD1.2_documentation.pdf，The Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD V1.2) Viewer-Chinese description andHWSD.mdb。
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）
The data set is remote sensing image of Resource 3 No. 02 (ZY3-02). ZY3-02 was successfully launched from Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center at 11:17 on May 30, 2016 by Long March 4 B carrier rocket. China-made satellite imagery will be further strengthened in the areas of land surveying and mapping, resource survey and monitoring, disaster prevention and mitigation, agriculture, forestry and water conservancy, ecological environment, urban planning and construction, transportation and other fields. List of files: ZY302_PMS_E98.8_N37.4_201707_L1A0000156704 ZY302_PMS_E100.4_N37.0_20171127_L1A0000217243 ZY302_TMS_E99.5_N37.0_20170717_L1A0000160059 ZY302_TMS_E100.3_N36.6_20171127_L1A0000217279 ZY302_TMS_E100.4_N37.0_20170529_L1A0000139947 Folder Naming Rules: Satellite Name Sensor Name Central Longitude Central Latitude Acquisition Time L1****
China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application
This data set is the remote sensing data of gaofan-1 satellite, including the data of two scenes of PMS1 camera on 2017-8-13 and 2017-10-5, one scene of PMS2 camera on 2017-5-27, and one scene of WFV2 and WFV3 camera on September 23, 2018.File list: GF1_PMS1_E99.1_N37.2_20170813_L1A0002539236 GF1_PMS1_E101.2_N36.4_20171005_L1A0002653985 GF1_PMS2_E100.3_N37.7_20170527_L1A0002384098 GF1_WFV2_E98.4_N37.6_20180927_L1A0003481737 GF1_WFV3_E100.4_N37.3_20180927_L1A0003481706
ZHOU Shengming
This data set is extracted from the second Glacier Inventory Data Set of China for Three River Source area. The file is SHP format. The attribute data are as follows: Glc_Name (glacier name), Drng_Code (basin code), FCGI_ID (first glacier catalogue code), GLIMS_ID (GLIMS glacier code), Mtn_Name (mountain system name), Pref_Name (administrative division), Glc_Long (glacier longitude), Glc_Lati (glacier latitude), Glc_Area (glacier area), Abs_Accu (absolute area accuracy), Rel_Accu (relative area accuracy), Deb_Area (surface Moraine Area), Deb_A_Accu (absolute accuracy of surface moraine Area), Deb_R_Accu (relative accuracy of surface moraine area)、Glc_Vol_A (estimation of glacier volume 1)、Glc_Vol_B (estimation of glacier volume 2)、Max_Elev (maximum glacier elevation)、Min_Elev (minimum glacier elevation)、Mean_Elev (average glacier elevation)、MA_Elev (median area height of glacier)、Mean_Slp (average glacier slope)、Mean_Asp (average glacier slope direction)、Prm_Image (major remote sensing data)、Aux_Image (auxiliary remote sensing data)、Rep_Date (glacier catalogue represents date)、Elev_Src (elevation data source)、Elev_Date (elevation represents date)、Compiler (glacier cataloguing editor)、Verifier (glacier cataloguing verifier).
LIU Shiyin, GUO Wanqin, XU Junli
Based on 2015 ESA global land cover data (ESA GlobCover), combined with the Tsinghua university global land cover data (FROM GLC)、NASA MODIS global land cover data (MCD12Q1)、University of Maryland global land data (UMD)、USGS global land data (IGBP DISCover),we build the LUC classification system in the Tibet Plateau and the rest of the data transformation rules of the classification system. We also build the land cover classification confidence function and the rules of fusing land classification to finish the Integration and modification of land cover products and finally complet the land use data in the Tibet Plateau V1.0.
XU Erqi
The data set contains land cover data sets from the Yellow River Source, the Yangtze River Source, and the Lancang River from 1992 to 2015. A total of 22 land cover classifications based on the UN Land Cover Classification System were included. NOAA AVHRR, SPOT, ENVISAT, PROBA-V and other vegetation classification products were integrated. In China, (1) first, combined with the 1:100,000 vegetation classification (2007) of China, quality correction and control were performed, and (2) the vegetation classification of China emphasized the combination with climate zones, when correcting CCI-LC, climate divisions and the corresponding vegetation types were combined, and the data label was comprehensively revised.
WEI Yanqiang
This is the vegetation index (NDVI) for Maduo County in July, August and September of 2016. It is obtained through calculation based on the multispectral data of GF-1. The spatial resolution is 16 m. The GF-1 data are processed by mosaicking, projection coordinating, data subsetting and other methods. The maximum synthesis is then conducted every month in July, August, and September.
LI Fei, Fei Li, Zhijun Zhang
The data set is NDVI data of long time series acquired by NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor. The time range of the data set is from 1982 to 2015. In order to remove the noise in NDVI data, maximum synthesis and multi-sensor contrast correction are carried out. A NDVI image is synthesized every half month. The data set is widely used in the analysis of long-term vegetation change trend. The data set is cut out from the global data set, so as to carry out the research and analysis of the source areas of the three rivers separately. The data format of this data set is GeoTIFF with spatial resolution of 8 km and temporal resolution of 2 weeks, ranging from 1982 to 2015. Data transfer coefficient is 10000, NDVI = ND/10000.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
The data set contains meteorological observations from Guoluo Station from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017, and includes temperature (Ta_1_AVG), relative humidity (RH_1_AVG), vapour pressure (Pvapor_1_AVG), average wind speed (WS_AVG), atmospheric pressure (P_1), average downward longwave radiation (DLR_5_AVG), average upward longwave radiation (ULR_5_AVG), average net radiation (Rn_5_AVG), average soil temperature (Ts_TCAV_AVG), soil water content (Smoist_AVG), total precipitation (Rain_7_TOT), downward longwave radiation (CG3_down_Avg), upward longwave radiation (CGR3_up_Avg), average photosynthetically active radiation (Par_Avg), etc. The temporal resolution is 1 hour. Missing observations have been assigned a value of -99999.
HU Linyong
The Tibetan Plateau Glacier Data –TPG2017 is a glacial coverage data on the Tibetan Plateau from selected 210 scenes of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images with 30-m spatial resolution from 2013 to 2018, among of which 90% was in 2017 and 85% in winter. Therefore, 2017 was defined as the reference year for the mosaic image. Glacier outlines were digitized on-screen manually from the 2017 image mosaic, relying on false-colour image composites (RGB by bands 654), which allowed us to distinguish ice/snow from cloud. Debris-free ice was distinguished from the debris and debris-covered ice by its higher reflectance. Debris-covered ice was not delineated in this data. The delineated glacier outlines were compared with band-ratio (e.g. TM3/TM5) results, and validated by overlapping them onto Google Earth imagery, SRTM DEM, topographic maps and corresponding satellite images. For areas with mountain shadows and snow cover, they were verified by different methods using data from different seasons. For glaciers in deep shadow, Google EarthTM imagery from different dates was used as the reference for manual delineation. Steep slopes or headwalls were also excluded in the TPG2017. Areas that appeared in any of these sources to have the characteristics of exposed ground/basement/bed rock were manually delineated as non-glacier, and were also cross-checked with CGI-1 and CGI-2. Steep hanging glaciers were included in TPG2017 if they were identifiable on images in all other three epochs (i.e. TPG1976, TPG2001, and TPG2013). The accuracy of manual digitization was controlled within one half-pixel. All glacier areas were calculated on the WGS84 spheroid in an Albers equal-area map projection centred at (95°E, 30°N) with standard parallels at 15°N and 65°N. Our results showed that the relative deviation of manual interpretation was less than 3.9%.
YE Qinghua
The data set contains the monthly net primary productivity data of 2012-2015. The data is based on the temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and other climatic elements of the daily value data set of China's surface climate data, as well as the data of evapotranspiration et, potential PET, photosynthetic effective absorption ratio FPAR, NDVI and maximum light utilization rate, which are calculated by CASA model. The calculation results are verified by the data of Sanjiangyuan sampling point, The correlation coefficient is 0.718. The data set can be directly used for the analysis of grassland vegetation change in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, providing the basis for dynamic monitoring of grassland change, and for the management of Grassland Change in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
FAN Jiangwen, XIN Liangjie, ZHANG Haiyan, YUAN Xiu
The major deserts in China include the Taklamakan Desert, Gurban Tunggut Desert, Qaidam Desert, Kumtag Desert, Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, Ulan Buh Desert, Hobq Desert, MU US Desert, Hunshandake Desert, Hulunbuir Sands, and Horqin Sands. All the desert boundaries were derived from Google Earth Pro® via manual interpretation. We delineated the desert boundaries using the Digital Global Feature Imagery and SpotImage (2011, 10 m resolution) collections of Google Earth Pro®, whose spatial resolution is finer than 30 m. The acquisition time of most images was in 2011.
China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application
This dataset is the spatial distribution map of the marshes in the source region of the Yellow River near the Zaling Lake-Eling Lake, covering an area of about 21,000 square kilometers. The data set is classified by the Landsat 8 image through an expert decision tree and corrected by manual visual interpretation. The spatial resolution of the image is 30 m, using the WGS 1984 UTM projected coordinate system, and the data format is grid format. The image is divided into five types of land, the land type 1 is “water body”, the land type 2 is “high-cover vegetation”, the land type 3 is “naked land”, and the land type 4 is “low-cover vegetation”, and the land type 5 is For "marsh", low-coverage vegetation and high-coverage vegetation are distinguished by vegetation coverage. The threshold is 0.1 to 0.4 for low-cover vegetation and 0.4 to 1 for high-cover vegetation.
WANG Guangjun
Based on the vulnerability assessment framework of "exposure sensitivity adaptability", the vulnerability assessment index system of agricultural and pastoral areas in Qinghai Tibet Plateau was constructed. The index system data includes meteorological data, soil data, vegetation data, terrain data and socio-economic data, with a total of 12 data indicators, mainly from the national Qinghai Tibet Plateau scientific data center and the resource and environmental science data center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Based on the questionnaire survey of six experts in related fields, the weight of the indicators is determined by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, four 1km grid data are formed involving ecological exposure, sensitivity, adaptability and ecological vulnerability in the agricultural and pastoral areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The data can provide a reference for the identification of ecological vulnerable areas in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
ZHAN Jinyan, TENG Yanmin, LIU Shiliang
The data set was obtained from the background survey of wildlife diversity in Three River Source National Park by Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The time range of the data set is 2017, and the survey area is Three River Source National Park. The survey species include a variety of rare wildlife such as Equus kiang, Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes, Cervus elaphus, Accipiter nisus, Phoenicurus erythrogastrus, Prionailurus bengalensis, Buteo hemilasius, Procapra picticaudata, Tetraogallus tibetanus, Perdix hodgsoniae, Falco cherrug, etc.
ZHANG Tongzuo
River lake ice phenology is sensitive to climate change and is an important indicator of climate change. 308 excel file names correspond to Lake numbers. Each excel file contains six columns, including daily ice coverage information of corresponding lakes from July 2002 to June 2018. The attributes of each column are: date, lake water coverage, lake water ice coverage, cloud coverage, lake water coverage and lake ice coverage after cloud treatment. Generally, the ice cover area ratio of 0.1 and 0.9 is used as the basis to distinguish the lake ice phenology. The excel file contained in the data set can further obtain four lake ice phenological parameters: Fus, fue, bus, bue, and 92 lakes. Two parameters, Fus and bue, can be obtained.
QIU Yubao
This product is based on multi-source remote sensing DEM data generation. The steps are as follows: select control points in relatively stable and flat terrain area with Landsat ETM +, SRTM and ICESat remote sensing data as reference. The horizontal coordinates of the control points are obtained with Landsat ETM + l1t panchromatic image as the horizontal reference. The height coordinates of the control points are mainly obtained by ICESat gla14 elevation data, and are supplemented by SRTM elevation data in areas without ICESat distribution. Using the selected control points and automatically generated connection points, the lens distortion and residual deformation are compensated by Brown's physical model, so that the total RMSE of all stereo image pairs in the aerial triangulation results is less than 1 pixel. In order to edit the extracted DEM data to eliminate the obvious elevation abnormal value, DEM Interpolation, DEM filtering and DEM smoothing are used to edit the DEM on the glacier, and kh-9 DEM data in the West Kunlun West and West Kunlun east regions are spliced to form products.
ZHOU Jianmin
This data comes from the National Geographic Information Resources Catalogue Service System, which was provided free to the public by the National Basic Geographic Information Center in November 2017. We have spliced and cut the source of the three rivers as a whole, so as to facilitate the use of the study of the source area of the three rivers. The data trend is 2015. This data set consists of 1:250,000 residential areas in Sanjiangyuan area, including two layers of residential land (RESA) and residential place (RESP). Resident land (RESA) mainly refers to the outline of surface residential area, and residential place (RESP) includes ordinary houses, shacks, caves, Mongolian yurts, grazing places, etc. Names and definitions of RESA attribute items: Attribute Item Description Fill in Example GB National Standard Classification Code 310200 Name and Definition of Residential Place (RESP) Attribute Item: Attribute Item Description Fill in Example GB National Standard Classification Code 310200 ANGLE Angle 67
National Catalogue Service for Geographic Information
Snow is a significant component of the ecosystem and water resources in high-mountain Asia (HMA). Therefore, accurate, continuous, and long-term snow monitoring is indispensable for the water resources management and economic development. The present study improves the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Terra and Aqua satellites 8 d (“d” denotes “day”) composite snow cover Collection 6 (C6) products, named MOD10A2.006 (Terra) and MYD10A2.006 (Aqua), for HMA with a multistep approach. The primary purpose of this study was to reduce uncertainty in the Terra–Aqua MODIS snow cover products and generate a combined snow cover product. For reducing underestimation mainly caused by cloud cover, we used seasonal, temporal, and spatial filters. For reducing overestimation caused by MODIS sensors, we combined Terra and Aqua MODIS snow cover products, considering snow only if a pixel represents snow in both the products; otherwise it is classified as no snow, unlike some previous studies which consider snow if any of the Terra or Aqua product identifies snow. Our methodology generates a new product which removes a significant amount of uncertainty in Terra and Aqua MODIS 8 d composite C6 products comprising 46 % overestimation and 3.66 % underestimation, mainly caused by sensor limitations and cloud cover, respectively. The results were validated using Landsat 8 data, both for winter and summer at 20 well-distributed sites in the study area. Our validated adopted methodology improved accuracy by 10 % on average, compared to Landsat data. The final product covers the period from 2002 to 2018, comprising a combination of snow and glaciers created by merging Randolph Glacier Inventory version 6.0 (RGI 6.0) separated as debris-covered and debris-free with the final snow product MOYDGL06*. We have processed approximately 746 images of both Terra and Aqua MODIS snow containing approximately 100 000 satellite individual images. Furthermore, this product can serve as a valuable input dataset for hydrological and glaciological modelling to assess the melt contribution of snow-covered areas. The data, which can be used in various climatological and water-related studies, are available for end users at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.901821 (Muhammad and Thapa, 2019).
SHER Muhammad
On August 22, 2018, in the Lancang River Source Park, a camera was carried on DJI Elf 4 UAV to take aerial photographs of the sample area. A total of 20 routes (5 missing routes) were set up, flying at a height of 100 m, and the overlap degree of adjacent photos was not less than 70%. A total of 1160 aerial photographs were obtained and stored in two folders of "100 MEDIA" and "101 MEDIA".
WANG Xufeng, WEI Yanqiang
On August 22, 2018, a DJI camera was used in the fixed sample of Lancang River headwaters. The overlap degree of adjacent photos was not less than 70% according to the set flight route. The Orthophoto Image and DSM were generated using the photographs taken. The Orthophoto Image included three bands of red, green and blue, with a ground resolution of 2.5 cm, a shooting area of 1000m x 1000m and a DSM resolution of 4.5 cm. Due to the communication failure, the middle four airstrips were not photographed, so there was a band in the middle of the image missing.
WANG Xufeng, WANG Xufeng, WEI Yanqiang, WANG Xufeng
This data originates from the National Geographic Information Resources Catalogue Service System, which was provided free to the public by the National Basic Geographic Information Center in November 2017. We have spliced and cut the source of the three rivers as a whole, so as to facilitate the use of the study of the source area of the three rivers. The data trend is 2015. This data set includes 1:250,000 natural place names (AANP) in Sanjiangyuan area, including traffic element names, memorial sites and historic sites, mountain names, water system names, marine geographical names, natural geographical names, etc. Natural Place Name Data (AANP) Attribute Item Names and Definitions: Attribute Item Description Fill in Example NAME Name Ramsay Laboniwa PINYIN Chinese Pinyin Lamusailabaoniwa CLASS Toponymic Classification Code HB
National Catalogue Service for Geographic Information
This data comes from the National Catalogue Service for Geographic Information, which was provided to the public free of charge by the National Basic Geographic Information Center in November 2017. We spliced and trimmed Three Rivers Source Region as a whole to facilitate its use in the study of Three Rivers Source Region. The current status of the data is 2015. This dataset is 1:25 million traffic data in the Three Rivers Source Region area, including two layers of highway (LRDL) and railway (LRRL). Highways (LRDL) include national, provincial, county, rural, and other highways; railways (LRRL) include standard-gauge, narrow-gauge, subway, and light rail. Highway (LRDL) attribute item name and definition: Attribute item Description Sample GB National standard classification code 420301 RN Road number X828 NAME Road name Zhuoxiao fork-Baola Peak fork RTEG Road Level 4 TYPE Road type elevated Meaning of highway attribute items: Attribute item Code Description GB 420101 National road 420102 National road in building 420201 Provincial road 420102 Provincial highway in building 420301 County road 420302 County road in building 420400 Country road 420800 Machine tillage 440100 Simple road 440200 Village road 440300 Trail Railway (LRRL) attribute item name and definition: Attribute item Description Sample GB National standard classification code 410101 RN Railway number 0907 NAME Railway name Qinghai-Tibet Railway TYPE Rail type
National Catalogue Service for Geographic Information
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