Water cover is one of the basic parameters of water cycle and energy balance. Based on the AVHRR daily reflectance time series from 1982 to 2020, this data set has produced 39 year long-term daily water body mapping products (including water body icing information) on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. This dataset contains 39 folders, named after the year (from 1982 to 2020). Each folder contains 365 / 366 GeoTIFF files, and each file contains two bands: (1) water mapping band (waterlayer); (2) Quality control information band (QC). This product provides data support for remote sensing monitoring of water bodies in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
JI Luyan
Combining the revealed shallow geological and deep geophysical data in three-dimensional space for deep prediction can not only deepen the shallow understanding, but also reduce the problems caused by the multi solution of geophysics. It has become a new trend and important means of deep metallogenic prediction Taking the Wandongshan ore section of Beiya gold deposit as an example, the three-dimensional geological model of Wandongshan ore section is established in the three-dimensional modeling platform by collecting the data of drilling, exploration line section, geochemical exploration and geophysics; Based on the modeling results and integrating the surface, shallow and deep gravity data, the metallogenic geological conditions and deep metallogenic potential are studied and analyzed. Three metallogenic favorable elements of concealed fault, porphyry body and qingtianbao formation sandstone are selected, and the three-dimensional body model of metallogenic favorable area (sgrid) is established accordingly On this basis, the multi-source information synthesis method is adopted to collect the favorable metallogenic areas of three metallogenic control elements, and the deep target area within 1100 ~ 900 m above sea level in Wandongshan ore section is delineated, which provides a reference for the prediction of the deep target area of the surrounding same type of ore section
ZHOU Fang , WANG Liqiang
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas (Pan third pole area), and clarify its related genetic background. In 2020, we extracted the total DNA from 266 global chicken blood, tissue and other DNA tissue samples, built a database and sequenced the whole genome. At the same time, we downloaded the published chicken genome data, and carried out population analysis of 863 chicken genomes, so as to provide basic data for exploring the historical events of domestication, migration and expansion of domestic chickens in the pan third pole region, and further explore the adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals to harsh environments such as drying. Articles related to this data set have been published. All data in this data set can be downloaded online from fastq, BAM, VCF and SNP files.
PENG Minsheng
Monthly average daytime as well as nighttime data of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for 354 cities in China. The time range of the data is from January 2012 to December 2021, with a temporal resolution of month-by-month. The spatial resolution is 1 km. The data is mainly based on the MYD07 atmosphere profile dataset and MYD11 land surface temperature dataset provided by MODIS, and incorporates the wind speed provided by ERA5 reanalysis data. The urban boundary is demarcated according to the 2018 data provided by Global Urban Boundary-GUB dataset. All the data are resampled to 1 km, in order to maintain the uniform spatial resolution. With the rapid urbanization and global warming, the data are useful for studying the spatiotemporal patterns of urban thermal comfortable and related analysis.
王 晨光 , WANG Chenguang, WANG Chenguang, 占 文凤 ZHAN Wenfeng
To describe the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas We extracted total RNA from 15 Muscovy Duck brain, lung and liver tissues, 10 guinea fowl brain, heart and kidney tissues, 12 pig liver tissues, 8 pig muscle tissues and 45 dog brain, liver and spleen tissues, and used Illumina 2000 platform to carry out two terminal sequencing to obtain transcriptome Re sequenced data. This data set contains 1 data information sheet (Excel) and 90 transcriptome raw data (fastq). The data information sheet records the basic information such as sample collection time, collection place and sequencing time. It provides basic data for exploring the historical events of domestication, migration and expansion of main domestic animals in the pan third pole region, and further discusses the environmental adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals.
PENG Minsheng
Based on the monthly precipitation data of 262 rain gauges, WRF and ERA5 precipitation data in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, the daily precipitation data with a resolution of 10km from 1951 to 2020 in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin and seven sub basins are reconstructed using random forest learning algorithm. This data has been verified by the single point of the station and performs well in terms of annual and seasonal changes. And the data has been reverse evaluated by the hydrological model, which is used to drive the VIC hydrological model to simulate the runoff change of Yajiang River basin and each sub basin, and verified by the measured runoff, MODIS and glacier cataloging data. On the basis of the original first edition, this data has considered the spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation, which can better describe the precipitation characteristics in alpine regions.
SUN He
Through the joint inversion of seismic waveforms and InSAR coseismic displacement data, our study revealed the spatiotemporal and spatial source rupture processprocesses of the two strong earthquakes that occurred in struck the eastern Tibetan Plateau atin May 2021. The results show that the Yangbi earthquake, which occurred in along the southeastern margin of the TibetTibetan Plateau, was a Mw6.1 event with characterized by unilateral right-dextral strike-slip rupture and 8s an 8 s duration. The In addition, the Maduo earthquake, which occurred in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, was a Mw7.5 event with characterized by left-sinistral lateral-strike- slip extendedextending along both sides of the earthquake seismogenic fault and 36sa 36 s duration. The rupture properties of these two strong earthquakes reflect the deformation characteristics of different parts of the eastern Tibetan Plateau,. and also These events also caused the increase of the Coulomb stress of the surrounding active faults to increase, so we should pay attention to the risk potential of future earthquakes should be evaluated.
WANG Weimin
Pusangguo is a high-grade copper polymetallic deposit dominated by skarn. It is the only large copper lead zinc cobalt nickel deposit in the Gangdise metallogenic belt (GMB); There are few records of magmatic rocks related to the deposit, and its petrogenesis and geodynamic background are not clear. In order to explore these problems, we provided zircon u – Pb ages, Hf isotope, whole rock geochemistry and Sr – nd – Pb isotope data of Busan fruit biotite granodiorite (PBG) and Busan fruit diorite porphyrite (PDP) in the deposit. Entrusted the analysis and testing center of Beijing Institute of geology of nuclear industry and the State Key Laboratory of geological process and mineral resources of China University of Geosciences (Beijing); The fresh rock samples were ground to 200 mesh without pollution for analyzing the main and trace elements and Sr nd Pb isotopic values of the whole rock. Zircon U-Pb Dating: Zircon was glued to the slide with double-sided adhesive, covered with PVC ring, and then epoxy resin and curing agent were fully mixed and injected into the PVC ring. After the resin is completely cured, the sample target is stripped from the glass slide, ground and polished, and then the sample on the target is photographed by reflected light and transmitted light under microscope and cathode fluorescence photography. According to the cathodoluminescence, reflected light and transmitted light photos of zircon, the appropriate (interested) zircon dating domain is selected. The data results are good.
LI Zhuang , WANG Liqiang
Through the self-developed debris flow impact test device (South African invention patent, authorized patent No. 2021 / 05607), the debris flow impact test is carried out and the debris flow impact test data are obtained. The data is mainly collected in Zaozhuang College from 2019 to 2021. The scientific device was used to construct the debris flow in Qipan gully in Wenchuan Strong earthquake area. The impact model test of debris flow was systematically carried out, and about 270000 test data were obtained, which provided important scientific data for the further study of debris flow dynamics in Qipan gully. The data includes the test data of debris flow impact retaining wall, the time history change characteristic data of debris flow impact, and the change characteristic data of debris flow impact signal. The data can be used to analyze the impact characteristics of debris flow under different conditions (such as slurry viscosity, solid ratio, gravel gradation, etc.)
JIAO Pengpeng
This data is the plant diversity and distribution data of the chnab005 grid on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, including the Chinese name, Latin name, latitude and longitude, altitude, collection number, number of molecular materials, number of specimens, administrative division, small place, collector, collection time and creator of the plants in this grid. This data is obtained from e-Science website（ http://ekk.kib.ac.cn/web/index/#/ ）And partially complete the identification. This data has covered the list of plants in this flora and the specific distribution information. This data can be used not only to study the floristic nature of this region, but also to explore the horizontal and vertical gradient pattern of plants in this region. What is different from last year is that the grid with the most scientific research data this year has changed, which may be affected by the epidemic or the environment.
DENG Tao
Tiegelongnan deposit is a large porphyry epithermal copper (gold) deposit in duolong porphyry area in the south of Qiangtang terrane in central and Western Tibet, China. The deposit is centered on the multi-stage granodiorite porphyry (GP) intrusion invading Jurassic sandstone. Phase 1 and phase 2 GP are related to biotite and sericite alteration, while phase 3 and phase 4 GP occur in the middle and shallow part of the deposit affected by sericite and high-grade argillaceous alteration (alunite kaolinite dickite pyrophyllite). Sericite alteration generally exists in the deep part of the deposit, replacing biotite alteration, and occurs porphyry chalcopyrite boron nickel pyrite ± molybdenite mineralization. The high-grade argillaceous alteration is related to the mineralization of high sulfide (marmatite, marmatite, bornite and monzonite) in the epithermal stage, superimposing sericite and biotite alteration in the shallow part of the deposit. The top of tielongnan hydrothermal system is weathered with a layer of supergene oxidation enrichment zone, which is stripped and covered by andesite and gravel. The 40Ar-39Ar age of Muscovite sampled from deep sericite alteration is 120.9 ± 0.8 Ma, which is consistent with the previously reported 40Ar-39Ar age of hydrothermal biotite 121.1 ± 0.6 Ma, molybdenite Re Os ages 121.2 ± 0.6 Ma and 119.0 ± 1.4 Ma, and GP 1 and 2 zircon U-Pb ages 121.5 ± 1.5, 120.2 ± 1.0 MA (laicp-ms results) and 118.7 ± 0.9 MA (SIMS results). The ca-id-tims zircon U-Pb age from stage 3 GP 3 is 119.9 ± 0.2 mA, which limits the age of porphyry magmatic hydrothermal events. The porphyry system was subsequently exfoliated, weathered and superimposed by discrete stages of high-grade argillaceous alteration and high sulfide mineralization. The 40Ar-39Ar ages generated by the two pulses of alunite event are 116.3 ± 0.8 Ma and 111.7 ± 1.0 Ma, respectively, representing the main epithermal alteration and mineralization ages in tielongnan. The first alunite pulse age is consistent with the younger porphyry (gp4) age of 116.2 ± 0.4 MA (zircon LA-ICP-MS age). The weathering and exhumation of porphyry epithermal deposits continued until ~ 110 Ma, and the andesite and andesite were covered with gravel. Andesite is affected by younger weak hydrothermal alteration at 108.7 ± 0.7 Ma, which is limited by the 40Ar-39Ar age of muscovite. The 40Ar-39Ar age of another barren alunite is 100.6 ± 2.0 Ma, which may represent the youngest hydrothermal event. The long-lived exothermic fluid activity of tielongnan deposit in ~ 120 ~ 100mA is consistent with the long-term tectonic magmatic event of Bangong Nujiang suture zone. The discrete epithermal metallogenic events in tiegelongan are younger than those in porphyry, which is similar to several other epithermal deposits in the world. The ~ 10 m.y exhumation history of tiegelongan is slower than the typical and rapid erosion history of ~ 1 – 2 m.y. porphyry deposits in low altitude tropical climate, and during a specific sudden uplift pulse in the Andes. The slow exhumation of tielongnan is considered to be the comprehensive result of the Cretaceous arid climate environment, relatively flat terrain and slow uplift conditions in central and Western Tibet. The experiment was entrusted to the inert gas Laboratory of the Pacific isotope and geochemistry research center of Columbia University, Canada; The data quality is good. The sample is crushed in the ring mill, washed with distilled water and ethanol, dried to - 40 + 60 mesh and sieved. Select suitable mineral particles from the bulk part. The samples were wrapped in aluminum foil and stacked in the irradiation chamber together with similar aged samples and neutron flux monitors (fish Canyon tuff Sani DIN (FCS), 28.201 ± 0.046ma). These samples were irradiated at the McMaster nuclear reactor in Hamilton, Ontario, in July 2017 at 134 MWh of the flux point in 8e. The J value error generated by the analysis of 16 neutron flux monitor positions (n = 54) is less than 0.5%.
YANG Chao , WANG Liqiang
NDVI reflects the background effects of plant canopy, such as soil, wet ground, snow, dead leaves, roughness, etc., and is related to vegetation cover. It is one of the important parameters to reflect the crop growth and nutrient information. According to this parameter, the N demand of crops in different seasons can be known, which is an important guide to the reasonable application of N fertilizer. Correct NDVI (C-NDVI) is the value of NDVI after excluding the influence of climate elements (temperature, precipitation, etc.) on NDVI. Taking precipitation as an example, studies on the lag effect of precipitation on vegetation growth show that the lag time of precipitation effects varies in different regions due to differences in vegetation composition and soil types. In this study, we post-processed the MODIS NDVI data and firstly correlated the NDVI value of the current month with the precipitation of the current month, the average value of the precipitation of the current month with that of the previous month, and the average value of the precipitation of the current month with that of the previous two months to determine the optimal lag time. The NDVI was regressed on precipitation and air temperature to obtain the correlation coefficients, and then the corrected NDVI values were calculated by the difference between the MODIS NDVI and the NDVI regressed on climate factors. We corrected NDVI using climate data to give reliable vegetation correction indices for the circum-Arctic Circle (range north of 66°N) and the Tibetan Plateau (range 26°N to 39.85°N and 73.45°E to 104.65°E) for 2013 and 2018. The spatial resolution of the data is 0.5 degrees and the temporal resolution is monthly values.
YE Aizhong
To describe the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas We extracted total DNA from 50 muscovy duck blood collected from Guangdong, Hainan, Zhejiang, Hunan and Guizhou provinces of China, carried out two-terminal sequencing using Illumina 2000 platform, and obtained 50 Muscovy Duck genome re sequencing data. This data set contains a data information table (Excel) and 50 genome raw data (fastq). The data information table records the basic information such as sample collection time, collection place and sequencing time. It provides basic data for exploring the historical events of Muscovy Duck domestication, migration and expansion in Pan third pole area, and further discusses the environmental adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals.
PENG Minsheng
1) Data content: the data in this report is the rock geochemical analysis data of Jiama 3000m scientific deep drilling (main quantity + micro quantity), which is the data disclosure of detailed mineralization information of 3000m scientific deep drilling. 2) Data source and processing: data source: direct sample collection, cutting, crushing and rough grinding of field drilling, and final analysis in the laboratory. 3) Data quality review: the sample collection fully meets the relevant technical requirements. The sample test refers to the national geochemical analysis specifications and technical requirements, passes the internal and external inspection, and the final report passes the expert review and acceptance. 4) Data application achievements and prospects: the geochemical analysis data of Jiama mining area is a systematic summary of Jiama scientific deep drilling data, which is helpful to establish a typical geochemical exploration model.
LIN Bin
As one of the most complete archaic human fossils, the Harbin cranium provides critical evidence for studying the diversification of the Homo genus and the origin of Homo sapiens. However, the unsystematic recovery of this cranium and a long and confused history since the discovery impede its accurate dating. Here, we carried out a series of geochemical analyses, including non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF), rare earth elements (REE), and the Sr isotopes, to test the reported provenance of the Harbin cranium and get better stratigraphic constraints. The results show that the Harbin cranium has very similar XRF element distribution patterns, REE concentration patterns, and Sr isotopic compositions to those of the Middle Pleistocene-Holocene mammalian and human fossils recently recovered from the Harbin area. The sediments adhered in the nasal cavity of the Harbin cranium have a 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.711898, falling in the variation range measured in a core drilled near the Dongjiang Bridge, where the cranium was discovered during its reconstruction. The regional stratigraphic correlations indicate that the Harbin cranium was probably from the upper part of the Upper Huangshan Formation of the Harbin area, which has an optically stimulated luminescence dating constraint between 138 and 309 ka. U-series disequilibrium dating (n = 10) directly on the cranium suggests that the cranium is older than 146 ka. The multiple lines of evidence from our experiments consistently support the theory that the Harbin cranium is from the late Middle Pleistocene of the Harbin area. Our study also shows that geochemical approaches can provide reliable evidence for locating and dating unsystematically recovered human fossils, and potentially can be applied to other human fossils without clear provenance and stratigraphy records.
NI Xijun
The Paleogene marine strata in southern Tibet are well developed and rich in foraminifera and other marine fossils. Based on the study of macroforaminifera taxonomy and Stratigraphy in the West Tethys domain (mainly the Mediterranean region), western scholars established the Paleocene Eocene macroforaminifera biostratigraphy in 1998. Compared with Tibet in the East Tethys domain, the development of macroforaminifera in the Paleocene in the Mediterranean region is relatively poor. Therefore, the accuracy of biostratigraphy based on sittis foraminifera is low. In this study, detailed profile survey and high-density sample collection of lower Paleogene carbonate sedimentary strata in guru area, southern Tibet are carried out to supplement and improve the biostratigraphy of macroforaminifera in southern Tibet on the basis of macroforaminiferal taxonomy research; Based on biostratigraphy and carbon isotope stratigraphy, a high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework is established. A total of 7 profiles were measured in this study, and the profiles are located between 89 ° 11 ′ ~ 89 ° 13 ′ E and 28 ° 3 ′ ~ 28 ° 7 ′ n; The elevation range is 4643 ~ 5380 M. Based on the observation of rock slices in the laboratory, the age of the measured strata is preliminarily judged. P2 section is a limestone sequence overlying the late Cretaceous strata, representing the earliest Paleocene sedimentation in the study area; P1 section is a set of very thick limestone deposits of lower Paleocene; Section E2 is the top of Paleocene, close to the Paleocene / Eocene boundary; The ages of sections E1, E3, E3s and E4 are roughly early Eocene; The grayish green marl and red shale at the top of section E4 represent the latest marine strata in the study area. We plan to conduct detailed taxonomic and stratigraphic studies on foraminifera in these sections to establish high-resolution large foraminifera biostratigraphy; At the same time, we also need to analyze the changes in composition and abundance of macroforaminifera, and further explore the evolution process of macroforaminifera in early Paleogene. For the sandstone strata in the section, we need to conduct detrital zircon U-Pb isotope analysis, the obtained age and biostratigraphic data confirm each other, and further explore the paleogeographic evolution process under the influence of India Eurasia collision.
ZHANG Qinghai
The data of Cenozoic plant macrofossils on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau includes leaves, seeds and fruits. It includes Latin and Chinese names of families, genera and species, times, places of origin, morphological descriptions, discussions, specimens and references. The species names are assigned according to the original literature. For fossil records revised by later research, the revised records were chosen; The age of the origin (fossil site) is assigned according to the latest literature. The terms and description paradigm of leaf shape description are referred to the book "Leaf Structure Manual"; The length, angle, and other measurement data in the description are derived from the original literature. The fossil records of the document are sorted alphabetically by Latin initials of families and genera. The data can provide important clues for studying the coupling relationship between the environmental climate changed and the evolution of vegetation and plant diversity in the Cenozoic Qinghai Tibetan Plateau.
ZHOU Zhekun , LIU Jia , CHEN Linlin , ROBERT Spicer , LI Shufeng , HUANG Jian , ZHANG Shitao , HUANG Yongjiang , JIA Linbo , HU Jinjin , SU Tao
Tiegelongnan porphyry epithermal copper (gold) deposit is located in duolong porphyry area north of Bangong Nujiang suture zone, Tibet, China. The mineralization is mainly composed of several stages of Jurassic sedimentary sandstone and diorite and granodiorite porphyry dyke, with intrusion time ranging from 123 to 116 ma. Hydrothermal alteration is characterized by alunite kaolinite dickite superimposed quartz Muscovite pyrite and biotite alteration zones. Porphyry chalcopyrite pyrite ± molybdenite (phase 1) mineralization is related to biotite alteration. The mineralization of porphyry chalcopyrite bornite (stage 2) and glauconite (stage 3) is related to quartz Muscovite pyrite alteration formed at about 121 ma. It is composed of albite porphyry (Ma-5) and chalcopyrite (Ma-5) and hydrothermal porphyry (ma-6) and chalcopyrite (ma-6) in the stage of mineralization. Fluid composition is related to Muscovite, average δ 18O is 8.9 ‰, δ D is − 56 ‰, indicating the source of magmatic water. Fluid in equilibrium with quartz vein δ 18O composition decreased from 6.7 ‰ to 2.3 ‰, which may be the result of water rock isotope exchange. Quartz fluid inclusion δ D values ranging from − 50 to − 84 ‰ are partially lower than those obtained in Muscovite alteration fluid, which may be the result of H fractionation during fluid inclusion fracture. Fluid composition balance and alunite yield in hyperthermic stage δ 18O − 1.2 to 2.7 ‰, δ D − 71 to − 51 ‰, n = 11, and δ 18O is between − 2.5 and 2.9 ‰, δ D is between − 72 and − 51 ‰ This shows that alunite and type I kaolinite are formed by the mixing of magma and high-altitude Cretaceous atmospheric precipitation. Late type II and type II III kaolinite (filled with alunite and quartz vein) fluid δ 18O and δ The D value is plotted along the mixing line between magma and low altitude Cretaceous atmospheric precipitation, which may be after erosion and plateau subsidence. Porphyry mineralized sulfide phase 1 chalcopyrite and pyrite δ 34S value is between − 5.8 and 0.9 ‰, and the average fluid δ 34sh2s = − 2.5 ‰ (n = 10), while chalcopyrite in stage 2 ranges from − 8.7 to − 3 ‰, with an average of δ 34SH2S=−5.6‰（n=5）。 Sulfide phase 2 fluid δ 34sh2s value is lower than stage 1, indicating that chalcopyrite bornite mineralization was formed under higher oxidation conditions than chalcopyrite pyrite mineralization. Alunite δ The 34S value is between 11 and 18.3 ‰ (n = 8), and the associated sulfide is grade 4 pyrite δ 34S values range from − 32.2 to 5.4 ‰. The S isotope imbalance in alunite pyrite pairs may be due to the rapid cooling and retrograde S isotope exchange during the late sulfide emplacement. Epithermally mineralized sulfide stage 4 s equilibrium pyrite (− 14.9 to − 9.5 ‰), stage 5 chalcopyrite (− 11.6 to − 8.2 ‰) and stage 6 (− 5.4 to − 2.6 ‰) show δ The increase of 34S value indicates that the composition of epithermal fluid evolves to more reduction conditions. The experiment was entrusted to the Queen's isotope research center of Queen's University of Canada and the microanalysis Laboratory of Memorial University of Canada. The experimental data are of good quality. Representative core samples were collected from the East-West section and several other boreholes. Separate biotite (n = 1), white mica (n = 5), quartz (n = 13), alunite (n = 10) and kaolinite (n = 12) for O and H isotopic analysis, and separate alunite (n = 10), pyrite (n = 5) and chalcopyrite (n = 4) for S isotopic analysis of conventional minerals; Eight polished slices were prepared for in-situ sulfur isotope analysis of pyrite (n = 16) and chalcopyrite (n = 10).
YANG Chao , WANG Liqiang
An embedded cement-based piezoelectric ceramic sensor is studied and designed, which is embedded in the anti slide pile for four point bending test. The feasibility and accuracy of cement-based piezoelectric ceramic sensor are verified by using acoustic emission equipment and comparing with traditional commercial acoustic emission sensors. In this experiment, four piezoelectric ceramic sensors were prepared, and a traditional commercial acoustic emission sensor was arranged near the piezoelectric ceramic sensor. The data collected by the two sensors were compared. There are four groups of data, and each group of data includes the data of a piezoelectric ceramic sensor and a commercial acoustic emission sensor in a similar position. The test shows that the embedded cement-based piezoelectric ceramic sensor has high sensitivity and can work under quasi-static load. It is of great significance for the monitoring of internal fracture of mass concrete structure.
JIANG Qinghui
(1) The data content is the deep displacement monitoring data of the high slope of zhala hydropower station, including the deep displacement data of the automatic monitoring of the high slope of zhala hydropower station, which has certain guiding significance for the stability of the slope of zhala hydropower station and can provide data support for disaster prevention and reduction of zhala hydropower station; (2) The data comes from the automatic transmission of automatic monitoring equipment, and is automatically interpreted and processed by the software of monitoring and early warning platform to finally generate the data in Excel; (3) The data transmission is stable and the quality is high, which can provide a basis for the slope stability of zhala hydropower station; (4) The data can reflect the deep displacement change of the high slope of zhala hydropower station, and has a wide application prospect.
XU Kunzhen
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