The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is one of the most challenging environments for human survival, known as the "third pole" of the earth. The average altitude is above 4000 meters, and the oxygen partial pressure at 4000 meters is only about 60% of sea level. High altitude hypoxia is a strong selective pressure for human survival. Exposure to high altitude hypoxia will increase the number of red blood cells (polycythemia) and the level of hematocrit (HCT). The genetic background of plateau Tibetans is single, and the long-term high-altitude environment has a positive selection effect on the genes related to plateau adaptation, resulting in stable linkage genetic differences in the related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different altitude gradients, which is suitable for studying the association between high-altitude adaptive phenotypes and genotypes. In this study, DNA microarray was used to compare the male whole genome microarray data of 150 Tibetan and non Tibetan East Asians in plateau. About 700000 loci (including nuclear genome, mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome) were genotyped for each sample, and the differential SNPs, genes and signal pathways were analyzed, The molecular adaptive evolution characteristics of Tibetan men in plateau to adapt to high altitude hypoxic environment were detected. This data is helpful to analyze the genetic adaptability of Tibetan population from the perspective of nuclear genome. By comparing with the data of people around the plateau, we can comprehensively understand the adaptive evolution of plateau indigenous men. It provides basic genetic reference data for studying human and biological evolution, exploring the molecular differences between high and low altitude populations, the homologous relationship between populations in different geographical environments, and the role of hypoxia in gene selection.
KONG Qingpeng
The gridded desertification risk data of The Arabian Peninsula in 2021 was calculated based on the environmentally sensitive area index (ESAI) methodology. The ESAI approach incorporates soil, vegetation, climate and management quality and is one of the most widely used approaches for monitoring desertification risk. Based on the ESAI framework, fourteen indicators were chosen to consider four quality domains. Each quality index was calculated from several indicator parameters. The value of each parameter was categorized into several classes, the thresholds of which were determined according to previous studies. Then, sensitivity scores between 1 (lowest sensitivity) and 2 (highest sensitivity) were assigned to each class based on the importance of the class’ role in land sensitivity to desertification and the relationships of each class to the onset of the desertification process or irreversible degradation. A more comprehensive description of how the indicators are related to desertification risk and scores is provided in the studies of Kosmas (Kosmas et al., 2013; Kosmas et al., 1999). The main indicator datasets were acquired from the Harmonized World Soil Database of the Food and Agriculture Organization, Climate Change Initiative (CCI) land cover of the European Space Agency and NOAA’s Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The raster datasets of all parameters were resampled to 500m and temporally assembled to the yearly values. Despite the difficulty of validating a composite index, two indirect validations of desertification risk were conducted according to the spatial and temporal comparison of ESAI values, including a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the ESAI and land use change between sparse vegetation and grasslands and a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the ESAI and net primary production (NPP). The verification results indicated that the desertification risk data is reliable in the Arabian Peninsula in 2021.
XU Wenqiang
1) Data content: the average zonal wind speed of 200 hPa and 850 hPa (reflecting the high and low-level westerly wind) and meridional wind speed of 850 hPa (reflecting the monsoon circulation) during the past millennium; 2) Data source: monthly data of the third phase of the international paleoclimate simulation and comparison program, processing method: multi-mode equal weight arithmetic average, climate average, 3) data application: used for the study of paleoclimate change and dynamic mechanism.
YAN Qing, JIANG Nanxuan, WANG Huijun
1) Data content: this data is the carbon and nitrogen isotope data generated from the study of human bone collagen in Jiangxi tomb site, Jiyi Town, Wuding County, Yunnan Province. It can be used to preliminarily analyze the human diet structure of Jiangxi tomb site, Wuding county and reveal the life and career patterns of local ancient people. 2) Data source and processing method: provided by the environmental archaeology team of Lanzhou University and obtained by acid alkali acid experimental process and gas stable isotope mass spectrometer (Finnigan Deltaplus isotope ratio mass spectrometer). 3) Data quality: 9.38kb. 4) Data application achievements and prospects: the data are used to explore the research potential of stable isotopes of human bones at sites in revealing the development process of prehistoric career model in Yunnan.
1) Data content: the data are the ancient DNA data generated by studying the cultural layer of Klu lding site in Nyingchi region, Tibetan Plateau, including the hiseqx metagenomics data of 10 ancient DNA samples from 4 layers. It can be used to preliminarily analyze the changes of species composition recorded by ancient DNA in the sediments, and reveal the process of local agricultural development. 2) Data source and processing method: the research group has its ownership. the data were obtained by using pair-end library building and Illumina hiseqx sequencing platform. 3) Data quality: 20.3 MB, Q30 > 85%. 4) Application: The data will be used to explore the potential of the ancient DNA from archaeological sediments in revealing the development of ancient agriculture on the Tibetan Plateau.
YANG Xiaoyan
This data set includes the PM2.5 mass concentration of atmospheric aerosol particles at Southeast Tibet station, Ali station, mostag station, Everest station and Namuco station (unit: mm) μ g/m3)。 Aerosol PM2.5 fine particles refer to particles with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in the ambient air. It can be suspended in the air for a long time, which has an important impact on air quality and visibility. The higher its concentration in the air, the more serious the air pollution. The concentration characteristic data of PM2.5 is output at the frequency of obtaining a set of data every 5 minutes, which can realize the analysis of aerosol mass concentration at different time scales such as hour, day and night, season and interannual, which provides the analysis of changes and influencing factors of aerosol mass concentration at different locations in the Qinghai Tibet plateau at different time scales, as well as the evaluation of local air quality, It provides important data support. This data is an update of the published data set of PM2.5 concentration of aerosol particles at different stations on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2018 and 2019).
WU Guangjian
This data set contains the data set of wild animal infrared stereo camera deployed in Hubao Park, Hunchun City, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province. A total of 9 sets of wildlife infrared stereo cameras are deployed near Erdaogou in the tiger and leopard park. The stereo cameras are placed on trees and powered by batteries. The data acquisition time is from October 2019 to October 2020, with a total of 5.02g image data. The data is stored in the SD card inside the camera, part of which is transmitted through 700m network, and part of the data is stored in the internal memory card of the camera. Because there is no signal, the time of some images of the camera is January 1, 2000 as the starting time. The stereo camera uses infrared induction trigger to obtain wild animal images. The camera is in sleep for a long time. In this state, only the infrared sensor is in working state. When the sensor senses infrared thermal information, the stereo camera is aroused to take photos and collect. The size of the collected image sheet is 2592 × 1944。 1. Wild animals haunted at the installation site of Hunchun tiger and leopard park. When wild animals appear within the detection range of the stereo camera, acquisition and photographing are triggered once. 2. Data source: "development of terrestrial vertebrate monitoring equipment", 2016yfc0500104, completed by: Institute of semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, raw data, unprocessed. 3. The photo data is divided into a pair of effective data, including the left image and the right image. After correction, the left and right images can obtain the parallax map. According to the parallax map, the size information and distance information of the target of interest in the image can be obtained. Through the long-term analysis and research of the obtained animal size information. 4. This data can be used to record the population and body size of wild animals in a certain area, establish a real wild animal body size database, obtain the animal body size data information under different regions, ages and genders, and provide supporting data for wildlife research.
ZHOU Yan
This data set contains the data set of wildlife infrared stereo camera deployed in Qilian Mountain reserve, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. A total of 3 sets of stereo camera equipment are deployed near Sidalong in Qilian Mountain reserve. The coordinate positions are 38 ° 28 ′ 17 ″ n, 99 ° 53 ′ 53 ″ E and 3160m above sea level. The stereo camera is placed on the tree and behind the solar panel respectively, and the solar panel is used for power supply. The data acquisition time is August 2020, with a total of 82 images, including 42 pairs of left and right matching image pairs. The data acquisition method is to acquire the data parameters jointly with the UAV of Northwest Academy of Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Because the installation position is in the non signal area, other data are saved and not taken out from the internal memory card of the camera. The stereo camera uses infrared induction trigger to obtain wild animal images. The camera is in sleep for a long time. In this state, only the infrared sensor is in working state. When the sensor senses infrared thermal information, the stereo camera is aroused to take photos and collect. The size of the collected image sheet is 2592 × 1944, the data format is jpg. A pair of effective data includes the left and right images. After correction, the left and right images can obtain the parallax map. According to the parallax map, the size information and distance information of the target of interest in the image can be obtained. Through the long-term analysis and research of the obtained animal size information. 1. Wild animals haunted at the installation site of Hunchun tiger and leopard park. When wild animals appear within the detection range of the stereo camera, acquisition and photographing are triggered once. 2. Data source: "development of terrestrial vertebrate monitoring equipment", 2016yfc0500104, completed by: Institute of semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, raw data, unprocessed. 3. The photo data is divided into a pair of effective data, including the left image and the right image. After correction, the left and right images can obtain the parallax map. According to the parallax map, the size information and distance information of the target of interest in the image can be obtained. Through the long-term analysis and research of the obtained animal size information. 4. This data can be used to record the population and body size of wild animals in a certain area, establish a real wild animal body size database, obtain the animal body size data information under different regions, ages and genders, and provide supporting data for wildlife research.
ZHOU Yan
XRF data can quickly, nondestructive and high-resolution obtain the relative abundance of constant and trace geochemistry, which can be used to reconstruct the environmental change. This data includes the XRF multi-element data of Daze Co and Jiang Co and the age depth data of Lake cores, which can be used to reconstruct the climate and environmental changes in the East and west of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past 20000 years. In Daze Co and Jiang Co lakes, Ti, K, Fe, Si and other elements show the same change trend. Through multi index comparative analysis, it is considered that Ti and other rock forming elements are mainly affected by the inner diameter flow conditions of the basin and can be used to reconstruct the changes of hydrological conditions in the basin in recent 20000 years.
HOU Juzhi
1) The data include the temperature records reconstructed by using the core depth, age and biomarker gdgts of Bangong Lake to reconstruct the annual average temperature change of Bangong Lake Basin in the west of Qinghai Tibet Plateau since the last deglaciation. At present, most paleoclimate records on the plateau are qualitative and semi quantitative, and the quantitative records are very limited, which restricts the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of climate change on the plateau. Bangongcuo, the largest lake in the west of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, was selected as the study area, and the average annual temperature change in this area since 16 ka BP was reconstructed by using biomarker indexes. 2) The record was reconstructed using gdgts of lake sediments. 3) The data are detailed and reliable. 4) This study not only provides data for understanding the past climate change in the western Qinghai Tibet Plateau, but also provides a basis for discussing the plateau climate change mechanism and verifying the reliability of regional climate model.
HOU Juzhi, WANG Mingda
The water vapor isotopes transported by different atmospheric circulation systems are different, and the precipitation on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is affected by monsoon and westerly circulation, which is very sensitive to climate and environmental change. Hydrogen isotopes of wax in lake sediments provide a means to restore past precipitation information. The stable hydrogen isotope records of sediments from different lakes (Qinghai Lake, linggecuo lake and Bangong Lake) in the East and west of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau provided by the author reconstruct the isotopic changes of precipitation in the East and west of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past 20000 years, and study the effects of summer monsoon and westerly jet on water vapor in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau since the late Pleistocene, It also provides important basic data for reconstructing the paleoclimate and environmental changes of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past.
HOU Juzhi
This study takes the land resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the evaluation object, and clarifies the current situation in the region suitable for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry production and the quantity, quality and distribution of the reserve land resources. Through field investigations, collect relevant data from the study area, and combine relevant literature and expert experience to determine the evaluation factors (altitude, slope, annual precipitation, accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, soil effective depth, texture, erosion, vegetation type, NDVI). The grading and standardization are carried out, and the weights of each evaluation factor are determined by principal component analysis. The weighted index and model are used to determine the total score of the evaluation unit. Finally, the ArcGis natural discontinuity classification method is used to obtain the Qingshang Plateau. And the grades of farmland, forestry and grassland suitability drawings of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with a resolution of 90m were given. Finally, the results are verified and analyzed.
YAO Minglei
The data set contains agricultural economic data of all counties and regions in the Tibetan Plateau in 1980-2015, and covering the total number of households and total population in rural areas, agricultural population, rural labor force, cultivated land, paddy field area, the dry land area, power of agricultural machinery, agricultural vehicles, mechanical ploughing area, irrigation area, consumption of chemical fertilizers electricity use, gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, the output of cattle, pig, sheep, meat, poultry, and fish, the sown area of grain, the output of grain, cotton, oil and all kinds of crops, and characteristic agricultural products and livestock production and other relevant data.The data came from the statistical yearbook of the provinces included in the Tibetan Plateau.The data are of good quality and can be used to analyze the socio-economic and agricultural development of qinghai-tibet plateau.
LV Changhe
This dataset includes the Antarctica ice sheet mass balance estimated from satellite gravimetry data, April 2002 to December 2019. The satellite measured gravity data mainly come from the joint NASA/DLR mission, Gravity Recovery And Climate Exepriment (GRACE, April 2002 to June 2017), and its successor, GRACE-FO (June 2018 till present). Considering the ~1-year data gap between GRACE and GRACE-FO, we extra include gravity data estimated from GPS tracking data of ESA's Swarm 3-satellite constellation. The GRACE data used in this study are weighted mean of CSR, GFZ, JPL and OSU produced solutions. The post-processing includes: replacing GRACE degree-1, C20 and C30 spherical harmonic coefficients with SLR estimates, destriping filtering, 300-km Gaussian smoothing, GIA correction using ICE6-G_D (VM5a) model, leakage reduction using forward modeling method and ellipsoidal correction.
C.K. Shum
The river steepness index, concavity index, drainage area, hypsometric integral, erosion coefficient, erosion rate, precipitation and other Geomorphological data of Qilian Shan basins are extracted and collected. Where the river steepness index and concavity index were extracted based on the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) 3 arc-seconds DEM data, the catchment erosion rate are from Palumbo et al. (2010) and Palumbo et al. (2011), and the precipitation data is from Geng et al. (2017). In order to increase the credibility of the data, the range of the river steepness index of each basin is given when the confidence is 95%. The data laid a foundation for the analysis of the relationship between the geomorphic characteristics and the tectonic framework of Qilian Shan.
HU Xiaofei, ZHANG Yanan
The data set includes the start time (year, month), location (longitude and latitude), duration (month), drought intensity and vulnerability data of vegetation response to drought in Central Asia from 1982 to 2015, with a spatial resolution of 1 / 12 °. The drought events were identified by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index at the time scale of 12 months (spei12) < - 1.0. The specific algorithm of drought characteristics and vegetation vulnerability is detailed in the citation. The dataset has been applied in the study of vegetation vulnerability to drought in Central Asia, and has application prospects in the research fields of spatial-temporal characteristics of drought events, drought-vegetation interaction mechanism, drought risk assessment and so on.
DENG Haoyu
The data comes from the National Centers for environmental information (NCEI), which provides meteorological records of all stations in the world since they were built, including temperature, wind speed, dew point, precipitation and other information. There are four recorded stations near Dhaka city. The monitoring data of meteorological stations have the characteristics of high precision. Firstly, the monitoring data of stations in the world are downloaded from NCEI, and then four stations in Dhaka city are selected according to longitude and latitude. The data level records the daily meteorological station monitoring data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019.
GE Yong, YANG Fei
Economic data( Per capita GDP, GDP growth rate, Primary, secondary and tertiary industries to GDP, Gini index, Engel coefficient) of 34 key areas along the One Belt One Road are downscaled from coarse data. First, we collect the statistics of economic data( Per capita GDP, GDP growth rate, Primary, secondary and tertiary industries to GDP, Gini index, Engel coefficient) at the national or provincial scales, and use GIS spatial analysis methods to analyze the relationship between economic data and covariables (e.g.,night lighting NPP-VIIRS, road network density). Then, spatial regression analysis method is used to model relationship between the economic data and covariables, and economic data( Per capita GDP, GDP growth rate, Primary, secondary and tertiary industries to GDP, Gini index, Engel coefficient) at county level were downscaled and predicted. Based on statistical data and spatial analysis, the data of economic adult is finally integrated. The economic data( Per capita GDP, GDP growth rate, Primary, secondary and tertiary industries to GDP, Gini index, Engel coefficient) can provide important basic data for the development of social and economic research on key areas and regions along the Belt and Road.
GE Yong, LING Feng
The data is clipped from "1: 1 million wetland data of China". "1: 1 million wetland data of China" mainly reflects the national marsh wetland information in the 2000s. It is expressed in geographic coordinates using the decimal degree. The main contents include: marsh wetland types, wetland water supply types, soil types, main vegetation types, geographical area, etc. Implemented the "Standard for Information Classification and Coding of Sustainable Development Information Sharing System of China". Data source of this database: 1:20 swamp map (internal version), Tibetan Plateau 1: 500,000 swamp map (internal version), swamp survey data 1: 1 million and national 1: 4 million swamp map; processing steps are: data source selection, preprocessing, digitization and encoding of marsh wetland elements, data editing processing, establishing topological relationships, edge processing, projection conversion, linking with attribute databases such as place names and obtaining attribute data.
ZHANG Shuqing
I. Overview The long-term sequence China Vegetation Index dataset is mainly for the normalized vegetation index (NDVI), based on four bands synthesized every 10 days from 1 April 1998 to 31 December 2011 with a spatial resolution of 1 km. Spectral reflectance and 10-day maximized NDVI dataset. Ⅱ. Data processing description The VEGETATION sensor was launched by SPOT-4 in March 1998, and has received SP0T VGT data for global vegetation coverage observation since April 1998. It has a very complete and efficient image ground processing mechanism system. The VEGETATION data is mainly received by the Kiruna ground station in Sweden. The image quality monitoring center in Toulouse, France is responsible for image quality and provides related parameters (such as calibration coefficients). Finally, the image processing and archiving center of VITO Institute in Belgium Global VEGETATION data archiving and user orders. Among them, VGT-P (prototype) data products mainly provide scientific researchers with high-quality physical quantity prototype data in order to facilitate their research and development of algorithms and application models. The data undergoes strict systematic error correction and resampling into a longitude and latitude network projection, the pixel resolution is lkm, and the pixel brightness value is the reflectivity of the ground features on the top layer of the atmosphere. In addition to providing four bands of raw data, relevant auxiliary parameters such as atmospheric conditions, system information (solar zenith angle, azimuth, field of view, and reception time) and terrain data are also provided according to user needs. VGT-S (synthesis) products provide atmospheric-corrected surface reflectance data, and use multi-band synthesis techniques to obtain a normalized vegetation index (w) data set with lkm resolution. VGI-S products include the spectral reflectance and NDVI data set (s1) of four bands synthesized daily, the spectral reflectance of four bands synthesized every 10 days, and the maximum NDVI data set (S10) every 10 days to reduce cloud and The impact of BRDF, while S10 was also resampled into 4km resolution (S10.4) and 8km resolution (S10.8) datasets. VGT-S products are widely used for their high time resolution. This data set contains the spectral reflectance of four bands synthesized every 10 days and the 10-day maximized NDVI data set (S10). The pre-processing of SPOT source data includes atmospheric correction, radiation correction, and geometric correction. NDVI data with a maximum of 10 days of synthesis is generated, and the values of -1 to -0.1 are set to -0.1, and then formula YDN = (JNDVI +0.1) /0.004 Convert to a YDN value from 0 to 250. Ⅲ. Data content description The long-term sequence China Vegetation Index dataset is mainly for the normalized vegetation index (NDVI), based on four bands synthesized every 10 days from 1 April 1998 to 31 December 2011 with a spatial resolution of 1 km. Spectral reflectance and 10-day maximized NDVI dataset. The SPOT-VEGETATION-NDVI data set contains .zip compressed files with time resolution from April 1, 1998 to December 31, 2011. After decompression, it is an ESRI-GRID file with a scene every 10 days. The SPO-VEGETATION-NDVI data set naming rules are: v-yymmdd, where v is the abbreviation of vegetation, yymmdd represents the date of the file, and is the main identifier that distinguishes other files. Ⅳ. Data usage description An important feature of the Vegetation Index product is that it can be converted into leaf crown biophysical parameters. Vegetation index (VI) also plays an "intermediate variable" in the acquisition of vegetation biophysical parameters (such as foliar index LAI, green shade, fAPAR, etc.). The relationship between vegetation indices and vegetation biophysical parameters is currently being studied using globally representative ground, aircraft and satellite observation datasets. These data can be used to evaluate the performance of the VI algorithm before satellite launch, and also provide the conversion coefficient between the vegetation index product and the biophysical characteristics of the leaf crown. The use of biophysical data is part of the Vegetation Index Verification Program. Vegetation index products will play a major role in several Earth Observation System (EOS) studies and are also part of global and regional biosphere model products in recent years.
XUE Xian, DU Heqiang
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