The Jianchuan Basin, as one of the most important Cenozoic basins at the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, is a key region for determining the spatial-temporal evolution of paleodrainage and tectonic of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The sedimentary sequence of Paleogene strata from the bottom to the top includes the Baoxiangsi, Shuanghe, and Jianchuan Formations. The Shuanghe Formation conformably overlays the Baoxiangsi Formation but is in angular unconformity contact with the overlying Jianchuan Formation. New twelve detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology data from Paleogene strata in this basin were measured by LA-ICP-MS. The Detrital zircon U-Pb age spectrum of the Baoxiangsi Formation has multiple age peak ranges of 200-320 Ma, 390-490 Ma, 690-920 Ma, 920-1120 Ma, and 1700-2000 Ma(obviously different from the overlying strata), but the Shuanghe Formation is almost all concentrated at 35-45 Ma and 200-280 Ma, and the Jianchuan Formation compared with the Shuanghe Formation has increased the age peak range of 720-900 Ma. These results indicate that significant provenance changes occurred between the Baoxiangsi Formation and the overlying strata(at ~ 41 Ma) in the Jianchuan Basin. Provenance analyses illustrate that the Hoh-Xil, Songpan-Ganzi, North Qiangtang, Yidun, and western Yangtze terranes served as major sources for the Baoxiangsi Formation, the adjacent Triassic and Eocene igneous rocks for the Shuanghe Formation, and the western Yangtze block, adjacent Triassic and Eocene igneous rocks for the Jianchuan Formation. Such provenance changes support that large-scale drainage reorganization occurred in the late Eocene(at ~41 Ma). This significant late Eocene provenance and drainage changes occurred as one of the responses to coeval topographic uplift at the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and contemporary extensive magmatism.
FENG Ying
The age constraints for the Cenozoic denudation history of the Wuyu region in the southern Tibetan Plateau provide evidence for the growth process of the plateau and the interaction process of tectonics-climate-erosion in this region. Apatite fission track thermochronology has a relatively lower closure temperature of ~100 °C, thus is capable of recording the denudation process of the upper crust. We collected 14 samples on terranes and sediments in the Wuyu Basin and vicinity in the southern Tibetan Plateau. These samples were fission track dated using the external detector method in the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The result shows fission track central age of terrane samples range in 44.8-11.7 Ma, and decomposed component age of detrital samples range in 36-13.4 Ma. Integrated analysis indicates the cooling age of these terranes and detritus both concentrate on the early-middle Miocene (23-12 Ma), suggesting significant rock exhumation of the study region in early-middle Miocene. We infer the exhumation event should be caused by the contemporaneous intense erosion and denudation, which is possibly related to the rapid uplift of the Lhasa-Qiangtang blocks or sharply wetting of southern Tibet. The main finding of this study is that significant denudation occurred in the early-middle Miocene in the Wuyu region, southern Tibetan Plateau.
HE Pengju
This data is the detrital zircon data of the upper Shihezi Formation of the middle and Late Permian on the southwest margin of the North China plate, which is the experimental data. More than 5kg sandstone samples were collected in the field. Zircon was separated from the samples and made targets by heavy liquid and magnetic separation technology. Single grain zircon LA-ICP-MS microanalysis was carried out in the State Key Laboratory of continental dynamics of Northwestern University. The sample collection, pretreatment and experimental process are carried out according to strict standards, and the data quality is reliable. The results show that the zircon ages range from 254 to 2700 Ma, and the main peak ages are ~ 320 Ma, ~ 1765 Ma and ~ 2495 Ma, respectively. Combined with the regional geological background and sedimentological data, it is considered that the peak age of ~ 320mA can come from the northern margin of the North China plate; This also suggests that the paleotopography of the upper Shihezi Formation was high in the north and low in the south. The provenance information reflected by the middle Late Permian detrital zircon data on the southwest margin of the North China plate can provide data support for reconstructing the paleogeography of the North China plate at that time.
LIANG Jiwei 梁积伟
The Himalayas is the most majestic, tall and young folded mountain system on earth. Before Eocene, the Himalayas were in a long-term sinking shallow sea environment. Under the action of extremely strong Himalayan movement, the Himalayas rose from the sea. By the end of tertiary, it had risen to a high mountain with an average height of more than 3000 meters. Therefore, under the influence of global climate change, Mount Everest has experienced several major Pleistocene glaciations, leaving behind various glacial related sediments and interglacial deposits. In 1960, the scientific investigation team of the Chinese Everest mountaineering team and the scientific investigation team of the Chinese xishabangma mountaineering team in 1964 conducted a more detailed investigation on the glaciers and other Quaternary sediments in the two peaks and their adjacent areas. During the scientific investigation of Mount Qomolangma from 1966 to 1968, on the basis of previous work, the Quaternary glacial deposits characteristic of this area were further investigated, and the research on various deposits in interglacial period and post glacial period was strengthened, so as to find some complete and typical quaternary stratigraphic profiles. This data set comes from the field investigation of the scientific research team in this book. Outline This paper introduces the spatial distribution characteristics of Quaternary sediments, focuses on several main quaternary stratigraphic profiles, preliminarily establishes the sequence of Quaternary strata in this area and discusses the age of strata. It lays a foundation for in-depth discussion of Quaternary glaciation, paleoclimate and the rise of Himalayas in this area.
Tibetan Scientific Expedition of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Based on 12.5m DEM and remote sensing image interpretation, we can clearly identify the scarps, staggered rivers, gate ridges, compression ridges and other structural landforms along the Honghe fault, Nanting River fault and Lancang Gengma fault, which provides basic data for further field verification. Through the analysis of the landform along the fault and the fine structural analysis of the Quaternary fault outcrop, the kinematic characteristics of the fault are determined. The deflections of the drainage system and the geological and geomorphic units of the fault indicate that the amount of dextral dislocation of the HONGHE FAULT ranges from tens of meters to 50 km. A series of structural landforms such as sinistral dislocations of large gullies, fault troughs, fault triangles and scarps developed along the Nanting River fault. The Lancang Gengma fault is dominated by dextral strike slip.
WANG Yang
The development history of high topography in the northeastern (NE) Tibetan Plateau is essential to test various plateau growth models and understand plateau construction. We present integrated provenance data from the NE Qaidam Basin, south of the Qilian Shan. Results show an increase in carbonate lithics, an increase in Al2O3/SiO2 ratios, a negative shift in εNd values and an appearance of large amounts of Precambrian zircon grains in the period of ~13 to ~8 Ma, arguing that the sediment source of the NE Qaidam Basin may have shifted from the East Kunlun Shan to the Qilian Shan during this time interval. We infer that significant topographic growth of the southern Qilian Shan occurred during the middle-late Miocene. Along with widespread middle to late Miocene deformation records across the Qilian Shan and abruptly shifts on provenance, sedimentary facies and climate indexes in its surrounding basins, present high topography of the NE Tibetan Plateau may have been established since the middle-late Miocene.
LI Chaopeng, ZHENG Dewen
The data coverage area is Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor, which is vector line data. The data defines its active period and names it. The strike, nature, active period and exposure of the fault are described. However, the content is missing, and the secondary fault zone is not named. There are 590 linear elements within the Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor in this data set, but some linear elements are multiple elements of the same fault zone. The active fault zone is often the combination zone of different plates and different blocks. It is a relatively weak zone of the crust, which is easy to induce extremely serious earthquake disasters. It is also a concentrated development zone of geological disasters such as collapse, landslide and debris flow. The judgment of the location and nature of fault zone is of great significance to the risk susceptibility evaluation of geological disasters, and it is the key factor to study geological disasters.
WANG Lixuan
This set of data is used to reconstruct the magnetostratigraphy of the Hoh Xil basin in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Sichuan Basinaround the eastern margin of the plateau, and then combined with other chronological methods to establish high-precision chronological scales of the two basins. All the data are thermal demagnetization data, including two parts: one is the paleomagnetic data of the strata about 1000 meters in the top of the Hoh Xil basin; The second is the paleomagnetic data of the bottom strata in Sichuan Basin. The data were measured or obtained in the State Key Laboratory of continental dynamics, Northwestern University and the laboratory of paleomagnetism and geochronology, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The preliminary processing results show that the data quality is high.
LIANG Wentian
This data belongs to zircon U-Pb geochronology data of Jurassic strata in Yanshan tectonic belt, including Pb, 232Th, 238U contents, 207Pb / 206Pb, 2upb geochronology data of early Mesozoic strata in Yanshan technological belt (230-225ma). Docx07pb / 235U, 206Pb / 238U ratio and error, 207Pb / 235U, 206Pb / 238U age and error data, etc. Zircon U-Pb dating was performed in the ion probe Laboratory of Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences using cameca ims-1280hr. The U-Th-Pb isotopic ratios were determined by standard zircon pl é Sovice correction was achieved. The U content was obtained by standard zircon 91500 correction. Simultaneous interpreting of the standard deviation and the internal accuracy of the single point test was achieved by the standard sample of long term monitoring, and the single point error was obtained. The accuracy of the standard sample Qinghu was used as the unknown sample monitoring data. The measured 204Pb value is used for ordinary Pb correction. The error of isotope ratio and age is 1 σ。 The harmonious age and average age were calculated by using the isoplot software. The results of geochronology are published in Tectonophysics, and the data quality is reliable. It plays a key role in determining the Middle Jurassic stratigraphic age and tectonic deformation age of Yanshan structural belt, and has a good application prospect.
WU Guoli
This data belongs to zircon U-Pb geochronology data of early Mesozoic strata in Yanshan tectonic belt, including Pb, 232Th, 238U contents, 207Pb / 206Pb, 207Pb / 235U, 206Pb / 238U ratios and errors, 207Pb / 235U, 206Pb / 238U ages and errors, etc. Zircon U-Pb dating was performed in the ion probe Laboratory of Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences using cameca ims-1280hr. The U-Th-Pb isotopic ratios were determined by standard zircon pl é Sovice correction was achieved. The U content was obtained by standard zircon 91500 correction. Simultaneous interpreting of the standard deviation and the internal accuracy of the single point test was achieved by the standard sample of long term monitoring, and the single point error was obtained. The accuracy of the standard sample Qinghu was used as the unknown sample monitoring data. The measured 204Pb value is used for ordinary Pb correction. The error of isotope ratio and age is 1 σ。 The harmonious age and average age were calculated by using the isoplot software. The results of geochronology data are published in Earth Science Reviews. The data quality is reliable. It plays an important role in establishing the early Cenozoic geochronology framework and regional stratigraphic correlation of Yanshan structural belt, and lays a foundation for further analysis of Mesozoic basin evolution history, which has a good application prospect.
WU Guoli
The data set includes cumulative 3-D deformation variables recorded by 50 continuous and mobile GPS stations 5 years after the 2015 mw7.8 Nepal earthquake. Data from published articles: Zhang, J., Zhao, B., Wang, D., Yu, J., and tan, K. (2021), dynamic modeling of postseismic deformation following the 2015 MW 7.8 Gorkha earth, Nepal, J. Asian Earth SCI., 215104781, Doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.104781. The post earthquake deformation data processing process is as follows: firstly, the original observation data are processed to obtain the time series under ITRF reference frame; Then, other effects unrelated to the Nepal earthquake, such as seasonal variation, interannual variation, plate effect, etc., are corrected; Thirdly, the post earthquake time series curve is fitted by logarithmic function; Finally, the post earthquake deformation of any period is calculated by fitting the curve. Five years after the earthquake, the accumulated deformation is nearly 13.8 cm. The horizontal accuracy is not less than 0.6cm, and the vertical accuracy is not less than 2.0cm.
HU Yan
The data set consists of 93 continuous and mobile GPS stations recording the cumulative three-dimensional deformation variables 10 years after the 2008 mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. GPS daily sampling time series data are mainly from the website of China Seismological Bureau（ http://www.cgps.ac.cn/ ）Diao, F., Wang, R., Wang, Y., Xiong, X., Walter, T.R. (2018), fault behavior and lower critical physiology informed from the first seven years of postseismic GPS data after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, earth planet. SCI. Lett., 495, 202-212, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.05.020. We process the post earthquake deformation data as follows: first, we correct other effects unrelated to the Wenchuan earthquake, such as seasonal variation, interannual variation, plate effect, etc; Thirdly, the post earthquake time series curve is fitted by exponential function and logarithmic function; Finally, the post earthquake deformation of any period is calculated by fitting the curve. Ten years after the earthquake, the accumulated deformation is nearly 21 cm. The horizontal accuracy is not less than 1.7 cm, and the vertical accuracy is not less than 4 cm.
HU Yan
This data is a histogram of red coral stratum in Kunlun mountain area, including the characteristic elements of stratum thickness and lithology change, which is based on detailed field survey and indoor analysis. The specific processing method is as follows: through field investigation, obtain the material of formation lithology composition, formation thickness, structural characteristics, etc., and draw the draft of stratigraphic histogram by hand. Back in the room, the lithology of rock is confirmed by thin section identification, and then the histogram is electronized by CorelDRAW software. This map is about 4MB in size with high resolution. It can be used for stratigraphic investigation, lithological analysis, the highest marine strata in Kunlun Mountain, paleontology and paleogeography.
ZHANG Qinghai
1) This paper reports a new fossil assemblage of sinoalid at the top of the Jurassic Daohugou bed, summarizes the distribution and evolution of the froghoppers in the Daohugou biota, and reveals the paleoecological significance. 2) The fossil material comes from the top layer of Daohugou bed. V16 microscope is used to photograph the fossils, PS software is used to make plates, and CDR software is used to draw line drawings and map. 3) A total of 12 fossils of the sinoalids are well preserved in the gray tuffaceous shale. 4) This paper summarizes the assemblage characteristics of sinoalids in different layers from bottom to top of the Jurassic Daohugou biota, and analyzes the distribution, evolution and paleoecological significance of the Cercopoidea.
FU Yanzhe
This data is the stratigraphic histogram of Quanshui Lake in Kunlun mountain area, including the characteristic elements of stratigraphic thickness and lithologic changes, which is based on detailed field survey and indoor analysis. The specific processing method is as follows: through field investigation, obtain the material of formation lithology composition, formation thickness, structural characteristics, etc., and draw the draft of stratigraphic histogram by hand. Back in the room, the lithology of rock is confirmed by thin section identification, and then the histogram is electronized by CorelDRAW software. This map is about 4MB in size with high resolution. It can be used for stratigraphic investigation, lithological analysis, the highest marine strata in Kunlun Mountain, paleontology and paleogeography.
ZHANG Qinghai
This data belongs to U-Pb geochronology data of Hailaer Basin in eastern China, including Pb, 232Th, 238U contents, 207Pb / 206Pb, 207Pb / 235U, 206Pb / 238U ratios and errors, 207Pb / 235U, 206Pb / 238U ages and errors, etc. The data belongs to LA-ICP-MS data, and the precision and accuracy meet the research requirements. The results of geochronology data play an important role in the establishment of Mesozoic stratigraphic framework in Hailaer basin, which lays a good foundation for the Mesozoic tectonic evolution and basin analysis in this area, and has a good application prospect.
ZHU Jichang
This data belongs to U-Pb geochronology data of Mesozoic strata in Huanghua depression, Bohai Bay Basin, inner North China Craton, including Pb, 232Th, 238U contents, 207Pb / 206Pb, 207Pb / 235U, 206Pb / 238U ratios and errors, 207Pb / 235U, 206Pb / 238U ages and errors, etc. Zircon U-Pb dating was carried out by using the second upgraded excimer laser ablation system (geolas HD, 193nm wavelength) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with quadrupole (Agilent 7900). The laser frequency is 5Hz and the beam size is 30 nm μ m。 The international standard sample 91500 was used as the external calibration standard for age calculation. Nist610 was used to calculate the concentrations of uranium, thorium and lead, and gj-1 was used to monitor the isotopic ratios The U-Pb isotopic ratios were calculated by cal10.8, and the common Pb was corrected by compb # 3-18. The age of particles younger than 1000mA is based on their 206Pb / 208U ratio. The analysis with > 10% or < – 5% inconsistencies was excluded. The acceptable inconsistencies and accuracies of the analysis were listed in the table below. The harmonic age and the mean age were calculated by isoplot software. The uncertainty of the mean age was 2 σ, The individual analysis report is 1 σ。 The results of geochronology data are published in Science China earth science, and the data quality is reliable. It plays a very important role in the establishment of Mesozoic stratigraphic framework in Bohai Bay Basin covered by Cenozoic. It lays a good foundation for Mesozoic tectonic evolution and basin analysis in this area, and has a good application prospect.
ZHU Jichang
Main contents: the continental lithosphere has extensive heterogeneity, but its role in continental rifting is not clear. The effects of lithospheric heterogeneity on the continental rift model are studied using two-dimensional thermo mechanical simulation. Heterogeneity is mainly manifested in the lateral inhomogeneous continental lithosphere, which has a cold western (CW) and a hot Eastern (he) lithosphere. A series of experiments were carried out to explore the influence of lithospheric thermal state, weak zone and extension velocity on continental rift. The main results and implications are as follows: (1) on the he side, the extension of the cwh-e lithosphere always leads to the formation of wide rifts, while the CW side is not deformed（ 2) The existence of weak lithosphere in CW can lead to the formation of wide rift in the East and deep and narrow rift in the West（ 3) The thermal state of the lithosphere strongly influences the rift types and lithospheric deformation patterns. When the crust is extremely hot (tmoho = 900 ℃), a wide rift first appears on the he side, and then a narrow rift forms on the CW side. The extensional velocity mainly affects the time of rift formation, but has no significant effect on the type of rift. Many rift basins developed in the North China Craton (NCC) since the early Cenozoic in response to the subduction and retreat of the Pacific plate. The east of the North China Craton is dominated by wide rifts, while the west of the North China Craton is dominated by narrow rifts. The coexistence of these two types of rifts in the North China Craton is the result of lateral lithospheric heterogeneity, including the pre-existing weak lithospheric regions.
CHEN Lin
Main contents: the dynamic process of ocean continent subduction not only depends on the properties of subducted oceanic plate, but also depends on the properties and state of overlying continental plate, In particular, little is known about the influence of the thermal state of the continental lithosphere on the subduction dynamics. Using two-dimensional thermal mechanical numerical simulation method, the performance of the continental lithosphere with different thermal states in the ocean continent subduction process is discussed The main results and implications are as follows: (1) when the geothermal gradient of the overlying continental crust is low (10 ~ 15 ℃ km − 1), the oceanic plate begins to subduct at a low angle, and then, driven by its own negative buoyancy, the subduction angle gradually increases and rapidly retreats, forming an ocean basin with a width of 600 ~ 1100km, With the continuous retreat of the trench, the horizontal deviatoric stress in the overlying continental plate alternates between positive and negative, lithospheric thinning mainly occurs near the subduction zone, and the surface has obvious extension and subsidence. (2) when the geothermal gradient of the overlying continental crust is higher (greater than 15 ℃ km − 1), the retreat of the oceanic plate promotes the strong extension of the overlying continental plate, The horizontal deviatoric stress in the overlying continental plate is characterized by compression and then tension, resulting in the surface uplift and then slow subsidence. (3) increasing the age of the oceanic lithosphere will accelerate the retreat process of the trench, (4) the movement of the overlying continental plate towards the trench will slow down the retreat of the trench. When the geothermal gradient of the crust is greater than 17.5 ℃ km − 1, the hot continental crust will collapse and thrust to the subducted oceanic lithosphere, This process will also slow down the retreat of the trench. The spatial changes of the subduction process of the paleo Western Pacific plate in the early Cretaceous and their possible influence on the tectonic evolution of the East Asian basin It is considered that the development of the wide rift basin system in the Amur super terrane in the early Cretaceous is related to the slow retreat of the trench and the collapse of the hot crust; The relatively cold North China Craton lithosphere retreated rapidly due to oceanic trench, resulting in the development of passive rift basins on the continental margin
TANG Jiaxuan, CHEN Lin
The contents include: there is a sudden change of lithospheric thickness between the old Craton and the adjacent young active belt, Small scale mantle convection (boundary driven convection) can be induced by the transverse difference of temperature and density between the two. The boundary convection caused by the lithospheric step between the craton and the active zone and its role in the lithospheric thinning of the craton are discussed by using two-dimensional thermo mechanical numerical simulation method, When the density of the craton lithosphere is relatively high, the high-intensity craton lithosphere has a strong ability to resist boundary driven convection, and the thinning of the craton lithosphere is limited to the edge. However, the low-intensity craton lithosphere has a weak ability to resist boundary driven convection, When the density of the cratonic lithosphere is relatively small, no matter the strength of the cratonic lithosphere is high or low, the low density of the cratonic lithosphere can well inhibit the influence of boundary driven convection, The lithospheric thinning of the Archean North China Craton was confined by Phanerozoic active zones. The lithospheric thinning of the craton first occurred in the northern and Eastern margins and experienced a slow process, We believe that boundary driven convection may play an important role in the lithospheric thinning process of the North China Craton, especially in the initiation process of lithospheric thinning, but we can not rule out the joint action of other multiple mechanisms
CHEN Lin
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