The basic data set of remote sensing for ecological assets assessment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau includes the annual Fraction Vegetation Coverage (FVC), Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 2000, and other ecological parameters based on remote sensing inversion. The FVC data are mainly developed from MODIS NDVI data. Based on pixel dichotomy model, the vegetation coverage model is developed by using multi-scale remote sensing images, combining with high precision remote sensing parameters such as vegetation community type and distribution characteristics, and the mixed pixel decomposition method is used to construct the vegetation coverage model. All data could be used only after the permission of the data distributor.
LIU Wenjun
The distribution data of Central Asia desert oil and gas fields are in the form of vector data in ". SHP". Including the distribution of oil and gas fields and major urban settlements in the five Central Asian countries. The data is extracted and cut from modis-mcd12q product. The spatial resolution of the product is 500 m, and the time resolution is 1 year. IGBP global vegetation classification scheme is adopted as the classification standard. The scheme is divided into 17 land cover types, among which the urban data uses the construction and urban land in the scheme. The data can provide data support for the assessment and prevention of sandstorm disasters in Central Asia desert oil and gas fields and green town.
GAO Xin
The data set includes estimated data on the SOS (start of season) and the EOS (end of season) of vegetation in Sanjiangyuan based on the MODIS 16-day synthetic NDVI product (MOD13A2 collection 6). Two common phenological estimation methods were adopted: the threshold extraction method based on polynomial fitting (the term “poly” was included in the file names) and the inflection point extraction method based on double logistic function fitting (the term “sig” was included in the file names). These data can be used to analyse the relationship between vegetation phenology and climate change. The temporal coverage ranges from 2001 to 2014, and the spatial resolution is 1 km.
WANG Xufeng
The data set includes the estimated data on the SOS (start of season) and the EOS (end of season) of vegetation in Sanjiangyuan based on GIMMS3g version 1.0, the latest version of the GIMMS NDVI data set. Two common phenological estimation methods were adopted: the threshold extraction method based on polynomial fitting (the term “poly” was included in the file names) and the inflection point extraction method based on double logistic function fitting (the term “sig” was included in the file names). These data can be used to analyse the relationship between vegetation phenology and climate change. The temporal coverage ranges from 1982 to 2015, and the spatial resolution is 8 km.
WANG Xufeng
These data contain two data files: GLOBELAND30 TILES (raw data) and TIBET_ GLOBELAND30_MOSAIC (mosaic data). The raw data were downloaded from the Global Land Cover Data website (GlobalLand3) (http://www.globallandcover.com) and cover the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas. The raw data were stored in frames, and for the convenience of using the data, we use Erdas software to splice and mosaic the raw data. The Global Land Cover Data (GlobalLand30) is the result of the “Global Land Cover Remote Sensing Mapping and Key Technology Research”, which is a key project of the National 863 Program. Using the American Landsat images (TM5, ETM+) and Chinese Environmental Disaster Reduction Satellite images (HJ-1), the data were extracted by a comprehensive method based on pixel classification-object extraction-knowledge checks. The data include 10 primary land cover types—cultivated land, forest, grassland, shrub, wetland, water body, tundra, man-made cover, bare land, glacier and permanent snow—without extracting secondary types. In terms of accuracy assessment, nine types and more than 150,000 test samples were evaluated. The overall accuracy of the GlobeLand30-2010 data is 80.33%. The Kappa indicator is 0.75. The GlobeLand30 data use the WGS84 coordinate system, UTM projection, and 6-degree banding, and the reference ellipsoid is the WGS 84 ellipsoid. According to different latitudes, the data are organized into two types of framing. In the regions of 60° north and south latitudes, the framing is carried out according to a size of 5° (latitude) × 6° (longitude); in the regions of 60° to 80° north and south latitudes, the framing is carried out according to a size of 5° (latitude) × 12° (longitude). The framing is projected according to the central meridian of the odd 6° band. GLOBELAND30 TILES: The original, unprocessed raw data are retained. TIBET_ GLOBELAND30_MOSAIC: The Erdas software is used to mosaic the raw data. The parameter settings use the default value of the raw data to retain the original, and the accuracy is consistent with that of the downloading site.
CHEN Jun
There are three types of glacial lakes: supraglacial lakes, lakes attached to the end of the glacier and lakes not attached to the end of the glacier. Based on this classification, the following properties are studied: the variation in the number and area of glacial lakes in different basins in the Third Pole region, the changes in extent in terms of size and area, distance from glaciers, the differences in area changes between lakes with and without the supply of glacial melt water runoff, the characteristics of changes in the glacial lake area with respect to elevation, etc. Data source: Landsat TM/ETM+ 1990, 2000, 2010. The data were visually interpreted, which included checking and editing by comparing the original image with Google Earth images when the area was greater than 0.003 square kilometres. The data were applied to glacial lake changes and glacial lake outburst flood assessments in the Third Pole region. Data type: Vector data. Projected Coordinate System: Albers Conical Equal Area.
ZHANG Guoqing
This is the vegetation index (NDVI) for Maduo County in July, August and September of 2016. It is obtained through calculation based on the multispectral data of GF-1. The spatial resolution is 16 m. The GF-1 data are processed by mosaicking, projection coordinating, data subsetting and other methods. The maximum synthesis is then conducted every month in July, August, and September.
LI Fei, Fei Li, Zhijun Zhang
The NDVI data set is the sixth version of the MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index product (2001-2016) jointly released by NASA EOSDIS LP DAAC and the US Geological Survey (USGS EROS). The product has a temporal resolution of 16 days and a spatial resolution of 0.05 degrees. This version is a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) data product generated from the original NDVI product (MYD13A2) with a resolution of 1 kilometer. Please indicate the source of these data as follows in acknowledgments: The MOD13C NDVI product was retrieved online courtesy of the NASA EOSDIS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, The [PRODUCT] was (were) retrieved from the online [TOOL], courtesy of the NASA EOSDIS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
NASA
The NDVI data set is the latest release of the long sequence (1981-2015) normalized difference vegetation index product of NOAA Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling System (GIMMS), version number 3g.v1. The temporal resolution of the product is twice a month, while the spatial resolution is 1/12 of a degree. The temporal coverage is from July 1981 to December 2015. This product is a shared data product and can be downloaded directly from ecocast.arc.nasa.gov. For details, please refer to https://nex.nasa.gov/nex/projects/1349/.
The National Center for Atmospheric Research
The continuous advancement of SAR interferometry technology makes it possible to obtain multitemporal DEMs with high precision in the glacial area. In particular, in 2000, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) led by NASA provided DEM data covering the area from 56ºS to 60ºN; the TanDEM-X bistatic SAR interferometry system of DLR could provide the global DEM data with high resolution and precision. These high-quality, large-coverage SAR interferometry data, as well as published DEM data products, provided valuable information for using the multitemporal DEMs to detect changes in ice thickness. The temporal coverage of the ice thickness variation data of typical glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau was from 2000 to 2013, covering Puruogangri and the west Qilian Mountains with a spatial resolution of 30 meters. Using TanDEM-X bistatic InSAR data and a C-band SRTM DEM, the differential radar interferometry method was first used to generate a TanDEM-X DEM with high precision. Then, based on the precise registration of DEM, the DEM data obtained in different periods were compared. Lastly, the ice thickness changes were estimated. The format of the data set was GeoTIFF, and each typical glacier ice thickness change was stored in a folder. For details of the data, please refer to the Ice elevation changes for typical glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau - Data Description.
JIANG Liming
This data set contains the wide swath mode Level 1B SAR data acquired over Greenland in 2005 by the ASAR sensor of the ENVISAT-1 satellite. The width is 400 km, the spatial resolution is 75 m, and the absolute positioning accuracy is approximately 200 m. The SAR data are stored in a time-growth order, which causes the images of the descending track to be left-right mirror images and the images of the ascending track to be up-down images. The naming scheme for these data is as follows: ASA_IMS_1PPIPA 20050402_095556_000000162036_00065_16151_0388.N1 ASA: Product identification, ASAR Sensor IMS: Reception and processing information of the data (imaging modes, such as WS, WSS, IM, ...) 1PPIPA: Customized number 20050402: Acquisition time of the data (UTC time) 095556: Geographic location (start, end) 000000162036: Information on the satellite orbit 00065: Product trust data 16151: Size and structure information of the product 0388 => Check code
HUI Fengming
The 1 km / 5-day Lai data set of Heihe River basin provides the 5-day Lai synthesis results of 2010-2014. The data uses Terra / MODIS, Aqua / MODIS, as well as domestic satellites fy3a / MERSI and fy3b / MERSI sensor data to build a multi-source remote sensing data set with a spatial resolution of 1 km and a time resolution of 5 days. Multi-source remote sensing data sets can provide more angles and more observations than a single sensor in a limited time. However, due to the difference of on orbit running time and performance of sensors, the observation quality of multi-source data sets is uneven. Therefore, in order to make more effective use of multi-source data sets, the algorithm first classifies the quality of multi-source data sets, which can be divided into first level data, second level data and third level data according to the observation rationality. The third level data are observations polluted by thin clouds and are not used for calculation. The purpose of quality evaluation and classification is to provide the basis for the selection of the optimal data set and the design of inversion algorithm flow. Leaf area index product inversion algorithm is designed to distinguish mountain land and vegetation type, using different neural network inversion model. Based on global DEM map and surface classification map, PROSAIL model is used for continuous vegetation such as grassland and crops, and gost model is used for forest and mountain vegetation. Using the reference map generated by the measured ground data of the forests in the upper reaches of Heihe River and the oasis in the middle reaches, and scaling up the corresponding high-resolution reference map to 1km resolution, compared with the Lai product, the product has a good correlation between the farmland and the forest area and the reference value, and the overall accuracy basically meets the accuracy threshold of 0.5%, 20% specified by GCOS. By cross comparing this product with Lais products such as MODIS, geov1 and glass, the accuracy of this Lai product is better than that of similar products compared with reference value. In a word, the synthetic Lai data set of 1km / 5 days in Heihe River Basin comprehensively uses multi-source remote sensing data to improve the estimation accuracy and time resolution of Lai parameter products, so as to better serve the application of remote sensing data products.
LI Jing, Yin Gaofei, YIN Gaofei, ZHONG Bo, WU Junjun, WU Shanlong
On June 15, 2012, the satellite transit ground synchronous observation was carried out in the TerraSAR-X sample near the super station in the dense observation area of Daman. TerraSAR-X satellite carries X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The daily transit image is HH / VV polarized, with a nominal resolution of 3 m, an incidence angle of 22-24 ° and a transit time of 19:03 (Beijing time), which mainly covers the ecological and hydrological experimental area of the middle reaches artificial oasis. The local synchronous data set can provide the basic ground data set for the development and verification of active microwave remote sensing soil moisture retrieval algorithm. Quadrat and sampling strategy: Six natural blocks are selected in the southeast of the super station, with an area of about 100 m × 100 m. One plot in the northwest corner of the sample plot is watermelon field, others are corn. The basis of sample selection is: (1) considering different vegetation types, i.e. watermelon and corn; (2) considering the visible light pixel, the sample size of 100m square can guarantee at least 4 30 M-pixel is located in the sample; (3) the location of the sample is near the super station, with convenient transportation. The observation of the super station is in the north, and there is a water net node on both sides of the East and the west, which makes it possible to integrate these observations in the future; (4) in addition, there are some obvious points around the sample, which can ensure that the geometric correction of the SAR image is more accurate in the future. Considering the resolution of the image, 21 splines (distributed from east to West) are collected at 5 m intervals. Each line has 23 points (north-south direction) at 5 m intervals. Four hydroprobe data acquisition systems (HDAS, reference 2) are used to measure at the same time. The sampling interval is controlled by the scale and moving splines on the measuring line to make up for the lack of using hand-held GPS. Measurement content: About 500 points on the quadrat were obtained, and each point was observed twice, i.e. in each sampling point, once in the film (marked a in the data record) and once out of the film (marked b in the data record); although the watermelon land was also covered with film, considering that it was not laid horizontally, only the soil moisture at the non covered position was measured (marked b in both data records). As the HDAS system uses pogo portable soil sensor, the soil temperature, soil moisture (volume moisture content), loss tangent, soil conductivity, real part and imaginary part of soil complex dielectric are observed. The vegetation team completed the measurement of biomass, Lai, vegetation water content, plant height, row ridge distance, chlorophyll, etc. Data: This data set includes two parts: soil moisture observation and vegetation observation. The former saves the data format as a vector file, the spatial location is the location of each sampling point (WGS84 + UTM 47N), and the measurement information of soil moisture is recorded in the attribute file; the vegetation sampling information is recorded in the excel table.
WANG Shuguo, MA Mingguo, LI Xin
The aim of the simultaneous observation of river surface temperature is obtaining the river surface temperature of different places, while the sensor of thermal infrared go into the experimental areas of artificial oases eco-hydrology on the middle stream. All the river surface temperature data will be used for validation of the retrieved river surface temperature from thermal infrared sensor and the analysis of the scale effect of the river surface temperature, and finally serve for the validation of the plausibility checks of the surface temperature product from remote sensing. 1. Observation sites and other details Ten river sections were chosen to observe surface temperature simultaneously in the midstream of Heihe River Basin on 3 July and 4 July, 2012, including Sunan Bridge, Binhe new area, Heihe Bridge, Railway Bridge, Wujiang Bridge, Gaoya Hydrologic Station, Banqiao, Pingchuan Bridge, Yi’s Village, Liu’s Bridge. Self-recording point thermometers (observed once every 6 seconds) were used in Railway Bridge and Gaoya Hydrologic Station while handheld infrared thermometers (observed once of the river section temperature for every 15 minutes) were used in other eight places. 2. Instrument parameters and calibration The field of view of the self-recording point thermometer and the handheld infrared thermometer are 10 and 1 degree, respectively. The emissivity of the latter was assumed to be 0.95. All instruments were calibrated on 6 July, 2012 using black body during observation. 3. Data storage All the observation data were stored in excel.
HE Xiaobo, Jia Shuzhen
This dataset contains the spectra of white cloth and black cloth obtained in the simultaneous time during the airborn remote sensing which supports the airboren data preprocessing as CASI, SASI and TASI , and the spetra of the typical targets in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Instruments: SVC-HR1024 from IRSA, ASD Field Spec 3 from CEODE, Reference board Measurement method: the spectra radiance of the targets are vertically measured by the SVC or ASD; before and after the target, the spectra radiance of the reference board is measured as the reference. This dataset contains the spectra recorded by the SVC-HR1024 ( in the format of .sig which can be opened by the SVC-HR1024 software or by the notepad ) and the ASD (in the format of .asd), the observation log (in the format of word or excel), and the photos of the measured targets. Observation time: 15-6-2012, the spectra of typical targets in the EC matrix using SVC 16-6-2012, the spectra of typical targets in the wetland by SVC 29-6-2012, the spectra of typical vegetation and soil in Daman site and Gobi site by ASD 29-6-2012, the spectra of white cloth and black cloth by ASD which is simultaneous with the airborne CASI data 30-6-2012, the spectra of vegetation and soil in the desert by ASD 5-7-2012, the spectra of white cloth and black cloth by ASD which is simultaneous with the airborne CASI data 7-7-2012, the spectra of corn in the Daman site for the research of daily speral variation. 8-7-2012, the spectra of white cloth and black cloth by ASD which is simultaneous with the airborne CASI data 8-7-2012, the spectra of corn in the Daman site by ASD for the research of daily speral variation 9-7-2012, the spectra of corn in the Daman site by ASD for the research of daily speral variation 10-7-2012, the spectra of corn in the Daman site by ASD for the research of daily speral variation 11-7-2012, the spectra of corn in the Daman site by ASD for the research of daily speral variation. The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time.
XIAO Qing, MA Mingguo
Biological productivity refers to the material production capacity of organisms and their groups or even larger scale (including ecosystem and biosphere). It changes with the environment. Therefore, it becomes an indicator of environmental change and the health of the earth system. Net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation refers to the remaining part of total organic matter (GPP) produced by photosynthesis of green plants in unit time unit area after deducting autotrophic respiration (RA). The NPP products in Heihe River Basin mainly focus on the important parameters par and FPAR of the model of light energy utilization, and improve the algorithm and product production. The FPAR inversion model that distinguishes the direct radiation from the scattered radiation and the par inversion method based on the combination of static and polar orbit satellites are proposed. Finally, the net primary productivity data set of Heihe River Basin is produced by using the light utilization model. The algorithm improves the temporal and spatial resolution of data products, and the accuracy of products is also significantly improved.
LI Li, ZHONG Bo, WU Junjun, WU Shanlong, XIN Xiaozhou
The purpose of differential GPS positioning survey is to unify multiple survey areas into the same coordinate system and realize accurate absolute positioning through joint survey with national high-level control point coordinates. Under the national geodetic coordinate system of 2000, the accurate positioning of flux observation matrix, hulugou small watershed, tianmuchi small watershed and dayokou watershed and target is completed. In order to realize the geometric correction and absolute positioning of optical image, SAR image and airborne lidar data, the layout of ground control points and high-precision measurement are completed. In the middle reaches of the area, one national high-level control point is jointly surveyed in the five directions of East, South, West, North and middle. Measuring instrument: There are 3 sets of triple R8 GNSS system. Measurement principle: For the control network encryption point, it is connected with the high-level known points in four quadrants around the survey area and distributed evenly in the survey area. For the ground control point (GCP), the obvious characteristic points (such as house corner, road intersection, inflection point, etc.) of the ground layout target and the independent ground objects are adopted and evenly distributed in the survey area. For the ground points with high accuracy requirements, the principle of average value of multiple (at least three) measurements is adopted. Measurement method: In the test area, the control network is encrypted, and GPS static measurement and national high-level control network are used for joint measurement and calculation. During measurement, multiple GPS receivers conduct static synchronous observation at different stations, and the observation time is strictly in accordance with the control network measurement specifications. The ground points in the test area are accurately located. GPS-RTK positioning technology is used and the national high-level control points are used to calibrate to the local coordinate system. When the mobile station obtains the fixed solution during the coordinate acquisition, the measurement is carried out again and the single measurement lasts for 5S. Measuring position: (1) Flux observation matrix 17 stations, Las tower, waternet, soilnet and bnunet nodes in the core area of flux observation matrix; ground control points in CASI flight area; ground corner reflector positions in radar coverage area; ground target positions in lidar flight area. (2) Hulugou small watershed Ground target location of lidar flight area. (3) Tianmuchi small watershed Ground target location of lidar flight area. (4) Dayokou Basin Satellite image geometric correction ground control point. Data format: GPS static survey, the original data format is ". Dat" and ". T01" (or ". T02") files (or converted renix data) and "field record". GPS-RTK survey, the original project is ". Job" file (or converted ". DC" file). The test results are submitted in the format of exported ". CSV" data, which can be viewed and edited by Excel software. Measurement time: June 19, 2012 to July 30, 2012
LIU Xiangfeng, MA Mingguo
On 29 June 2012, CASI sensor carried by the Harbin Y-12 aircraft was used in a visible near Infrared hyperspectral airborne remote sensing experiment, which is located in the observation experimental area (30×30 km). The land cover pattern product in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin were obtained at a spatial resolution of 1 m, using CASI aerial data with high spatial and spectral resolution．A hierarchical classification structure integrated by pixel-based classification and object-based classification is used to obtain production．According to surveyed reference data about land cover and visual interpretation from high resolution imagery，the accuracy of the classification result of land cover was evaluated，and the result showed that overall accuracy was 84.61 %，Kappa coefficient was 0.8262．
XIAO Qing, Liu Liangyun
During lidar and widas flight in summer 2012, the ground synchronously carried out the continuous observation of differential GPS of ground base station, and obtained the synchronous GPS static observation data, which is used to support the synchronous solution of aviation flight data. Measuring instrument: Two sets of triple R8 GNSS system. Zgp8001 sets Time and place of measurement: On July 19, 2012, EC matrix lidar flew and observed at mjwxb (northwest of Maojiawan) and sbmz (shibamin) two base stations at the same time On July 25, 2012, lidar of hulugou small watershed and tianmuchi small watershed in the upper reaches flew, observed in XT Xiatang, lidar of Zhangye City calibration field in the middle reaches, and observed in mjwxb (northwest of Maojiawan) On July 26, 2012, lidar flight of hulugou small watershed and tianmuchi small watershed in the upper reaches was observed in XT Xiatang, lidar flight of Zhangye City calibration field in the middle reaches was observed in HCZ (railway station) On August 1, 2012, the upper east and West branches of widas flew and observed in yng (yeniugou) On August 2, 2012, the midstream EC matrix test area widas flew and observed in HCZ (railway station) On August 3, 2012, the midstream EC matrix test area widas flew and observed in mjwxb (northwest Maojiawan) Data format: Original data format before differential preprocessing.
LIU Xiangfeng, MA Mingguo
250m/1km month compositing Fraction Vegetation Cover (FVC) data set of Heihe River Basin provides the results of monthly FVC synthesis in 2011-2014. The data is produced by using MODIS vegetation index products MOD13A2 and MOD13Q1 based on dimidiate pixel model.
ZHONG Bo, WU Junjun
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