The land use / land cover data set of Heihe River Basin in 2011 is the Remote Sensing Research Office of Institute of cold and drought of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Based on the remote sensing data of landsatm and ETM in 2011, combined with field investigation and verification, a 1:100000 land use / land cover image and vector database of Heihe River Basin is established. The data set mainly includes 1:100000 land use graph data and attribute data in the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin. The land cover data of 1:100000 (2011) in Heihe River Basin and the previous land cover are classified into six first-class categories (cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural residents, industrial and mining land and unused land) and 25 second-class categories by the same hierarchical land cover classification system. The data type is vector polygon and stored in shape format.
WANG Jianhua
The land use / land cover data set of Heihe River Basin in 2011 is the Remote Sensing Research Office of Institute of cold and drought of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Based on the remote sensing data of landsatm and ETM in 2011, combined with field investigation and verification, a 1:100000 land use / land cover image and vector database of Heihe River Basin is established. The data set mainly includes 1:100000 land use graph data and attribute data in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin. The land cover data of 1:100000 (2011) in Heihe River Basin and the previous land cover are classified into six first-class categories (cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural residents, industrial and mining land and unused land) and 25 second-class categories by the same hierarchical land cover classification system. The data type is vector polygon and stored in shape format. Land cover classification attributes: Level 1 type level 2 type attribute code spatial distribution location Cultivated land: plain dry land 123 is mainly distributed in basin, piedmont, river alluvial, proluvial or lacustrine plain (poor irrigation conditions due to water shortage). The upland and land 122 is mainly distributed in the hilly area, and generally, the plot is distributed on the gentle slope of the hill, as well as on the top of the ridge and the base. The dry land 121 is mainly distributed in the mountainous area, the hillside (gentle slope, hillside, steep slope platform, etc.) and the Piedmont belt below 4000 m above sea level. Woodland: there are woodland (Arbor) 21 mainly distributed in high mountains (below 4000 meters above sea level) or middle mountain slopes, valley slopes, mountain tops, plains, etc. Shrub land 22 is mainly distributed in the higher mountain area (below 4500m), most of which are hillside, valley and sandy land. Sparse forest land 23 is mainly distributed in mountainous areas, hills, plains and sandy land, Gobi (Loamy, sandy conglomerate) edge. Other forest lands 24 are mainly distributed around the oasis ridge, riverside, roadside and rural residential areas. Grassland: high cover grassland 31 is generally distributed in mountainous area (gentle slope), hilly area (steep slope), river beach, Gobi, sandy land, etc. The middle cover grassland 32 is mainly distributed in dry areas (low-lying land next door and land between Sandy Hills, etc.). Low cover grassland 33 mainly grows in dry areas (loess hills and sand edge). Water area: channel 41 is mainly distributed in plain, inter Sichuan cultivated land and inter mountain valley. Lake 42 is mainly distributed in low-lying areas. Reservoir pond 43 is mainly distributed in plain and valley between rivers, surrounded by residential land and cultivated land. Glaciers and permanent snow cover 44 are mainly distributed on the top of (over 4000) mountains. The beach land 46 is mainly distributed in the valley, piedmont, plain lowland, the edge of river lake basin and so on. Residential land: urban land 51 is mainly distributed in plain, mountain basin, slope and gully platform. Rural residential land 52 is mainly distributed in oasis, cultivated land and roadside, tableland, slope, etc. Industrial and mining land and traffic land 53 are generally distributed in the periphery of cities and towns, more developed traffic areas and industrial mining areas. Unused land: sand 61 is mostly distributed in the basin, both sides of the river, the river bay and the periphery of the mountain front Gobi. Gobi 62 is mainly distributed in the Piedmont belt with strong wind erosion and sediment transport. Salt alkali 63 is mainly distributed in relatively low and easy to accumulate water, dry lakes and lakeside. Swamp 64 is mainly distributed in relatively low and easy to accumulate water. Bare soil 65 is mainly distributed in the arid areas (mountain steep slopes, hills, Gobi), and the vegetation coverage is less than 5%. Bare rock 66 is mainly distributed in the extremely dry stone mountain area (windy, light rain). The other 67 are mainly distributed in the exposed rocks formed by freezing and thawing over 4000 meters, also known as alpine tundra. Projection parameters: Projection ALBERS Units METERS Spheroid Krasovsky Parameters: 25 00 0.000 /* 1st standard parallel 47 00 0.000 /* 2nd standard parallel 105 00 0.000 /* central meridian 0 0 0.000 /* latitude of projection's origin 0.00000 /* false easting (meters) 0.00000 /* false northing (meters)
WANG Jianhua
1. Data overview The data set of the base camp integrated environmental observation system is a set of ENVIS (IMKO, Germany) which was installed at the base camp observation point by qilian station.It is stored automatically by ENVIS data mining system. 2. Data content This data set is the scale data from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012.Including air temperature 1.5m, humidity 1.5m, air temperature 2.5m, humidity 2.5m, soil moisture 0cm, precipitation, wind speed 1.5m, wind speed 2.5m, wind direction 1.5m, geothermal flux 5cm, total radiation, surface temperature, ground temperature 20cm, ground temperature 40cm, ground temperature 60cm, ground temperature 80cm, ground temperature 120cm, ground temperature 160cm, CO2, air pressure. 3. Space and time scope Geographical coordinates: longitude: 99° 53’e;Latitude: 38°16 'N;Height: 2980.2 m
SI Jianhua
From 2012 to 2013, the geomorphic surface near the Zhengyi gorge in the middle reaches of the Heihe River was investigated, mainly including the 4-level river terrace. The data are mainly obtained through field investigation, and analyzed and mapped indoors to obtain the distribution map of geomorphic surface at all levels near the middle reaches of Zhengyi gorge.
HU Xiaofei, PAN Baotian
The dataset contains all individual glacial storage (unit: km3) over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in 1970s and 2000s. It is sourced from the resultant data of the paper entitled "Consolidating the Randolph Glacier Inventory and the Glacier Inventory of China over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Investigating Glacier Changes Since the mid-20th Century". The first draft of this paper has been completed and is planned to be submitted to Earth System Science Data journal. The baseline glacier inventories in 1970s and 2000s are the Randolph Glacier Inventory 4.0 dataset, and the Glacier Inventory of China, respectively. Based on the individual glacial boundaries extracted from the above-mentioned two datasets, the grid-based bedrock elevation dataset (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html, DOI: 10.7289/v5c8276m), and the glacier surface elevation obtained by a slope-dependent method, the individual glacier volumes in 1970s and 2000s are then calculated. In addition, the calculated results of individual glacier volumes in this study have been compared and verified with the existent results of several glacier volumes, relevant remote sensing datasets, and the global glacier thickness dataset based on the average of multiple glacier model outputs (https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/315707, doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000315707), and the errors in the calculations have also been quantified. The established dataset in this study is expected to provide the data basis for the future regional water resources estimation and glacier ablation-involved researches. Moreover, the acquisition of the data also provides a new idea for the future glacier storage estimation.
HU Xiaofei, PAN Baotian
A small lysimeter was made by ourselves, which simulated the natural conditions and selected typical desert plants as the object to study the water consumption and its law. Repeat 3 times for each plant. In 2011, the experiment of physiological water demand and water consumption of desert plants was carried out with the soil water content kept at (50 ± 10)% of the field water capacity; in 2012, the experiment of physiological water demand and water consumption was carried out with the soil water content kept at (20 ± 5)% of the field water capacity under stress.
SU Peixi
In the middle of July and August 2012, mass photosynthesis was determined and the plant species was caragana korshinskii. The mass photosynthesis measurement system is composed of li-8100 closed-circuit automatic soil carbon flux measurement system (li-cor, USA) and an assimilation box designed and manufactured by Beijing liaotai technology co., LTD. Li-8100 is an instrument for soil carbon flux measurement produced by li-cor, USA, which USES an infrared gas analyzer to measure CO2 and H2O concentrations.The length, width and height of the assimilation box are all 50cm.The assimilation box is controlled by li-8100, and the instrument can operate automatically after the measurement parameters are set. The photosynthetic rate of population was calculated according to the following formula: CAP (Canopy growth Rate) is the Photosynthetic Rate of the population (mol CO2•m -- 2•s -- 1).A is the total leaf area (m2) of the plant canopy;VA is the total volume (m3) of the population photosynthesis measurement system, which is the product of the height of the assimilation box from the ground (the distance between the upper edge and the inner ground after the special base is placed), the soil area (0.25 m2) and the sum of the volume of the assimilation box (0.125 m3).Is the change rate of CO2 measured by assimilation chamber (mol CO2•mol -- 1•s -- 1) in the process of population photosynthesis measurement;Is the CO2 change rate (mol CO2•mol -- 1•s -- 1) measured in a 20 cm measuring chamber during the soil respiration measurement process;P is atmospheric pressure (Pa), T is the air temperature in the assimilation chamber (℃), and R is the gas constant (8.314 Pa•m3•mol-1• k-1).N is the conversion coefficient, which means the change rate of CO2 caused by soil respiration in the soil area (SA) covered by the assimilation box and in the total volume (VA) of the population photosynthesis measurement system is converted from the measurement in the 20cm measurement chamber, and calculated according to the following formula: SA is assimilation box cover soil area, 0.25 m2, SC is 20 cm soil area of the measuring chamber cover (0.03 m2), VC is plant roots and soil respiration measurement system of the total volume (m3), to 20 cm measurement chamber high from the ground (after ring on measuring the soil in place along with the internal distance) on the ground and soil area is the product of the (SC) and 20 cm measurement chamber volume (4.82 x 10-3 m3) combined.
SU Peixi
SPAC system is a comprehensive platform for observation of plant transpiration water consumption and environmental factors. In this project, a set of SPAC system is set up in the Alxa Desert eco hydrological experimental study. The main observation data include temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetic effective radiation, etc. the sampling frequency is one hour. This data provides basic data support for the study of plant transpiration water environmental response mechanism.
SI Jianhua
1、 The basin boundary of Heihe River Basin is based on the high-precision digital elevation model (DEM), which is obtained by using GIS hydrological analysis function analysis, and refers to remote sensing image, topographic map, ground investigation and previous research results. The surface catchment area of Heihe River basin covers an area of about 255000 km2, starting from the middle section of Qilian Mountains in the south, the Gobi Altai Mountains in Mongolia in the north, the Mazong mountains in the West and the Yabulai mountains in the East. Compared with the traditional Heihe River Basin, the new basin has increased Badain Jilin desert, Guizi lake, the northern part of Mazong mountain and the southern foot of Altai Mountain in Outer Mongolia Gobi. Explanation: the nanshihe River and beishihe River are the rivers formed by the leakage of the alluvial fan of Shule River. They form an independent hydrological unit (Huahai basin water systems) with Ganhaizi as the end lake, together with youYou River, Baiyang River and duanshankou river. The relationship between the hydrological unit and the Heihe River Basin is greater than that between the hydrological unit and the Shule River, which should be regarded as a part of the Heihe River Basin. Considering the current situation of modern water resources utilization, Beishi river has been directly connected with the main stream of Shule River through artificial transformation, and it is an important channel for water transmission from Shule River to Ganhaizi, and has become an important tributary of Shule River in fact. Under the influence of a series of water conservancy projects, the surface hydraulic connection between youyou River, Baiyang River and Shule River is far greater than that between youyou River and TaoLai river. 2、 Revised boundary of Yellow River Commission in Heihe River Basin On the basis of the Heihe River basin boundary revised by the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of water resources in 2005, the revised boundary of Heihe River Basin is obtained by using high-precision digital elevation model (DEM), reference remote sensing image, 1:100000 topographic map, ground investigation and other data. The basin boundary is about 76000 km2, among which the upper Qilian mountain middle section boundary is extracted strictly according to the ridge line by using DEM according to the GIS hydrological analysis function, and the lower north boundary is divided according to the boundary line according to the international convention. 3、 Study area boundary of Heihe River Basin According to the extended study area generated by the basin boundary of Heihe River Basin, it is mainly for the demand of model data input. The above three boundaries are to provide a unified study area boundary for the planned project of Heihe River Basin. It is suggested to use the revised boundary of Heihe River Basin yellow Committee as the core study area boundary.
WU Lizong
This data set is the precipitation characteristic data in the precipitation interception data of alpine shrub in hulugou basin in the upper reaches of Heihe River in 2012. The observation date is from October 2, 2011 to September 24, 2012. The observation contents include precipitation, precipitation duration, precipitation intensity and frequency of throughfall. The observation data are recorded by self recording rain gauge and artificial rain gauge.
SONG Yaoxuan, LIU Zhangwen
Data of four hydrogeological boreholes constructed in the badain jaran desert area of alxa right banner in 2013 are provided, including borehole construction reports, borehole location plans and borehole profiles.Adopt the core of quaternary and bedrock, install the filter tube at the bottom of the well, wash the well. Quantity of work: 4 boreholes with Numbers of K1, K2, K3 and K4.The total footage is designed according to 240 m, with an average single hole depth of 60 m. The actual depth control standard is the exposure of bedrock.
WANG Xusheng, HU Xiaonong
The land use / land cover data set of Heihe River Basin in 2011 is the Remote Sensing Research Office of Institute of cold and drought of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Based on the remote sensing data of landsatm and ETM in 2011, combined with field investigation and verification, a 1:100000 land use / land cover image and vector database of Heihe River Basin is established. The main contents include: 1:100000 land use graph data and attribute data of Heihe River Basin. The land cover data of 1:100000 (2011) in Heihe River Basin and the previous land cover are classified into six first-class categories (cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural residents, industrial and mining land and unused land) and 25 second-class categories by the same hierarchical land cover classification system. The data type is vector polygon and stored in shape format. This data respects the opinion of the data author, and cannot share the whole basin data temporarily. Please indicate the research scope and exact purpose on the data application.
WANG Jianhua
On 25 July 2012, Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner carried by the Harbin Y-12 aircraft was used in a LiDAR airborne optical remote sensing experiment. Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner has unlimited numbers of returns intensities measurements including the first, second ,third return intensities. The wavelength of laser light is 1064 nm. The absolute flight altitude is 5500 m with the point cloud density 1 points per square meter. Airborne LiDAR-DEM and DSM data production were obtained through parameter calibration, automatic classification of point cloud density and manual editing.
XIAO Qing, Wen Jianguang
In the growing season of 2012, four typical shrub communities observed precipitation stem stream and penetrating rainfall during the experiment period.Data content: test date;Stem flow rate;Penetration rainfall, interception. Method of observation: water penetration was measured using a circular iron vessel with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 10 cm.Since jinrumei, seabuckthorn and jinjijicinus shrub could not be observed on a single plant, after the canopy canopy density of the sample plots was determined, 9 water receivers were placed in each sample plot, so that there were water receivers under different canopy closures.This method of observing rain penetration allows for better collection of rain penetration from different parts of the underbrush.Due to the difficulty of observation and the lack of herbaceous vegetation, the interception of herbaceous under shrub was neglected.Takashima is centered on the stem, which is near the stem. One is placed at the edge of the crown and one at the middle of the crown and spoke. The Angle between each 3 containers is 120°.Six of each shrub were selected for stem flow observation.A single shrub was measured on the lower stems of all branches, and the stem flow of the trunk of the cluster shrub was measured by standard branch method, that is, the basal diameter of each branch of the selected shrub was measured.Under brush all branch stem, the use of polyethylene plastic hose cut open, card on the thickets stems directly, with a plastic adhesive tape and glass, the plastic tube directly connected to the trunk stem flow collection bottle, bottle thickness and plastic pipe, avoid rain and penetrate the rain into the collection bottle, before use after artificial experiments can precisely collect trunk stem flow.In order to reduce the error caused by evaporation in the measurement process, the penetrating rainfall and the flow of the trunk and stem were measured in time after the rain, such as the rain at night, and the samples were taken early in the morning on the second day. Data processing: the penetration rainfall is multiplied by 1.78 (conversion coefficient of different diameters of 20 cm and 15 cm) and replaced by the corresponding penetration rainfall (mm) at standard 20 cm.The measured water volume of each trunk flow collection bottle was divided by the projection area of the standard branch to obtain the trunk flow rate of the branch. The trunk flow rate of the standard branch was multiplied by the number of branches of the whole shrub to obtain the trunk flow rate of the whole shrub.According to the principle of water balance, the redistribution process of rainfall by shrub can be divided into three parts: interception, trunk flow and penetrating rainfall: IC = P - SF - TF Where, P is the rainfall outside the forest;TF is the penetrating rainfall;SF is the flow rate of the trunk.IC is the interception amount of the irrigation layer.According to the measured data of the stem flow through the rain trunk, the interception was obtained by using the above equation.
SONG Yaoxuan, LIU Zhangwen
On 25 July 2012, Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner carried by the Harbin Y-12 aircraft was used in a LiDAR airborne optical remote sensing experiment. Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner has unlimited numbers of returns intensities measurements including the first, second ,third return intensities. The wavelength of laser light is 1064 nm. The absolute flight altitude is 4800 m with the point cloud density 1 points per square meter. Airborne LiDAR-DEM and DSM data production were obtained through parameter calibration, automatic classification of point cloud density and manual editing.
XIAO Qing, Wen Jianguang
Taking Landsat series data as the main data source, including KH in 1965 (only including Gurinai and Guaizi Lake), MSS in 1975, TM in 1990, 1995, 2006 and 2010, and ETM in 2000. Before information extraction, remote sensing images are preprocessed by image synthesis, mosaic, fusion, geometric correction and image enhancement. In the process of correction, ETM + image in 2000 is corrected by 1:100000 topographic map and used as reference image. The 4, 3 and 2 band standard pseudocolor synthesis scheme is selected for image synthesis; during correction, 7 × 8 control points are evenly selected on each image, and the average positioning error is less than 1 pixel, that is, the ground distance is less than 30m. In other years, the datum image of 2000 is used as the reference image for image registration, so that the pixels with the same name on different images have the same geographical coordinates. After correction and registration, the whole image maintains the 30 m spatial resolution of TM. Through field correction, the accuracy of qualitative analysis can be ensured to be over 95%.
XIAO Shengchun
From the beginning of June to the beginning of August, 2011, permafrost investigation was carried out in the West Branch of the headwater of Heihe River. Along the section between hot water dabanya and Shimian mine fork of erga highway, with the decrease of altitude, 7 thermowells T1, T2, T3, T4, T7, T5 and T6 were successively arranged, and thermotubes were arranged for ground temperature monitoring. The instrument used is a thermistor thermometer developed by the State Key Laboratory of Permafrost Engineering, Institute of environment and Engineering in cold and dry areas, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The resistance value is measured by fluke multimeter, and then converted into temperature value with accuracy of ± 0.05 ° C. In order to reduce the impact of the road on the drilling temperature, it is required that the vertical distance between all the drilling holes and the road shall be at least greater than 100 m when determining the hole location. Except that T1 temperature hole of hot water Daban pass is located in the south of erga highway, the other six holes are located in the north of the highway.
ZHANG Tingjun
The meteorological field is located in 2700m grassland in the Pailougou watershed of Qilian Mountain. The date of data recording is from May 2013 to September 2013, including air humidity at 1.5m, air temperature at 3.0m, atmospheric pressure at 2.8m, precipitation at 1.3m, wind speed at 2.2m and total solar radiation at 3.1m. The units are%, ℃, PA, m, m/s and W·m-2, respectively.
HE Zhibin
On 25 August 2012, Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner carried by the Harbin Y-12 aircraft was used in a LiDAR airborne optical remote sensing experiment. Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner has unlimited numbers of returns intensities measurements including the first, second, third return intensities. The wavelength of laser light is 1064 nm. The absolute flight altitude is 5200 m with the point cloud density 1 point per square meter. Airborne LiDAR-DEM and DSM data production were obtained through parameter calibration, automatic classification of point cloud density and manual editing.
XIAO Qing, Wen Jianguang
On 28 August 2012, Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner carried by the Harbin Y-12 aircraft was used in a LiDAR airborne optical remote sensing experiment. Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner has unlimited numbers of returns intensities measurements including the first, second ,third return intensities. The wavelength of laser light is 1064 nm. The absolute flight altitude is 4800 m with the point cloud density 1.6 point per square meter. Airborne LiDAR-DEM and DSM data production were obtained through parameter calibration, automatic classification of point cloud density and manual editing.
XIAO Qing, Wen Jianguang
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