As one of the largest land mammals, the origin and evolution of the giant rhino Paraceratherium bugtiense in Pakistan have been unclear. We report a new species Paraceratherium linxiaense sp. nov. from northwestern China with an age of 26.5 Ma. Morphology and phylogeny reveal that P. linxiaense is the highly derived species of the genus Paraceratherium, and its clade with P. lepidum has a tight relationship to P. bugtiense. Based on the paleogeographical literature, P. bugtiense represents a range expansion of Paraceratherium from Central Asia via the Tibetan region. By the late Oligocene, P. lepidum and P. linxiaense were found in the north side of the Tibetan Plateau. The Tibetan region likely hosted some areas with low elevation, possibly under 2000 m during Oligocene, and the lineage of giant rhinos could have dispersed freely along the eastern coast of the Tethys Ocean and perhaps through some lowlands of this region.
DENG Tao
In this paper, we review evidence for a major biotic turnover across the Oligocene/Miocene in the Tibetan Plateau region. Based on the recent study of six well-preserved fossil sites from the Cenozoic Lunpola and Nima basins in the central Tibetan Plateau, we report a regional changeover from tropical/subtropical ecosystems in the Late Oligocene ecosystem (26–24 Ma) to a cooler, alpine biota of the Early Miocene (23–18 Ma). The Late Oligocene fossil biota, comprising of fish (climbing perch), insects and plants (palms), shows that the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau was a warm lowland influenced by tropical humidity from the Indian Ocean. In the Early Miocene, the regional biota became transformed, with the evolution and diversification of the endemic primitive snow carp. Early Miocene vegetation was dominated by temperate broad-leaved forest with abundant conifers and herbs under a cool climate, and mammals included the hornless rhinoceros, Plesiaceratherium, a warm temperate taxon. This dramatic ecosystem change is due to a cooling linked to the uplift of Tibetan region, from a Late Oligocene paleo-elevation of no greater than 2300 m a.s.l. in the sedimentary basin to a paleo-elevation of about 3000 m a.s.l. Another factor was the Cenozoic global climatic deterioration toward to an ice-house world.
DENG Tao
The data include the Cenozoic plant fossils collected from Gansu, Qinghai and Yunnan by the Department of paleontology, School of Geological Sciences and mineral resources, Lanzhou University from 2019 to 2020. All the fossils were collected by the team members in the field and processed in the laboratory by conventional fossil restoration methods and cuticle experiment methods. The fossils are basically well preserved, some of which are horned The study of these plant fossils is helpful to understand the Cenozoic paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, paleogeographic changes and vegetation features of the eastern Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
YANG Tao
By archaeological investigation and excavation in Tibetan Plateau and Hexi corridor, we discovered more than 40 Neolithic and Bronze Age sites, including Zongri, Sanjiaocheng, Huoshiliang, Ganggangwa, Yigediwonan, Shaguoliang, Guandi, Maolinshan, Dongjicuona, Nuomuhong, Qugong, Liding and so on. In this dataset, there are some basic informations about these sites, such as location, longitude, latitude, altitude, material culture and so on. On this Basis, we identified animal remains, plant fossil, selected some samples for radiocarbon dating, optically stimulated luminescence dating, stable carbon, nitrogen isotopes, polle, fungal sporen and environmental proxies. This dataset provide important basic data for understanding when and how prehistoric human lived in the Tibetan Plateau during the Neolithic and Bronze Age.
YANG Xiaoyan, Lü Hongliang, LIU Xiangjun, HOU Guangliang
This dataset is provided by the author of the paper: Huang, R., Zhu, H.F., Liang, E.Y., Liu, B., Shi, J.F., Zhang, R.B., Yuan, Y.J., & Grießinger, J. (2019). A tree ring-based winter temperature reconstruction for the southeastern Tibetan Plateau since 1340 CE. Climate Dynamics, 53(5-6), 3221-3233. In this paper, in order to understand the past few hundred years of winter temperature change history and its driving factors, the researcher of Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences. Prof. Eryuan Liang and his research team, reconstructed the minimum winter (November – February) temperature since 1340 A.D. on southeastern Tibetan Plateau based on the tree-ring samples taken from 2007-2016. The dataset contains minimum winter temperature reconstruction data of Changdu on the southeastern TP during 1340-2007. The data contains fileds as follows: year Tmin.recon (℃) See attachments for data details: A tree ring-based winter temperature reconstruction for the southeasternTibetan Plateau since 1340 CE.pdf
HUANG Ru, ZHU Haifeng, LIANG Eryuan
This dataset contains data on the lake core sporopollen spectrum and temperature/precipitation reconstruction sequence of Yamdrog Yumtso Lake in the southern Tibetan Plateau. It is used to study the environmental changes in the Yamdrog Yumtso region by 20 ka. It is obtained by the sporopollen analysis method. This data set is obtained by laboratory measurement and calculation. The samples and data are collected and identified in strict accordance with relevant operating procedures at all stages. There are three subtables in this dataset. The first two tables comprise the following analysis data of TC1 pore sporopollen samples. Field 1: Sample Number Field 2: Sample Depth Unit: cm Field 3: Sample Age Unit: aBP Field 4: Total sporopollen concentration Units: granules/gram Field 5: Total Pollen Granules Unit: Number of grains Field 6: Total number of indicative pollen Unit: Number of grains Field 7: Identification of indicative pollen number Unit: Number of grains Field 8: Sample Weight Unit: Grams Field 9: Concentration Coefficient Units: granules / gram Field 1: Sample Number Field 2: Plant species Field 3: Pollen content Unit: % The third subtable is the reconstructed temperature precipitation and has 6 fields. Field 1: Sample Code Field 2: Sample Name Field 3: Depth Unit: cm Field 4: Age Unit: aBP Field 5: Average annual temperature Unit: 0.1 °C Field 6: Annual precipitation Unit: 0.1 mm The rock core was collected from the Yamdrog Yumtso Basin in the southern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The approximate sampling location is 90°27′E，28°56′N, and the altitude there is 4425 m.
WANG Junbo, LV Houyuan
This is the core XRF scan data of Selincuo Lake in 2017. The main parameters include magnetic susceptibility and the abundance of each mineral element.
WANG Junbo
The project studying the evolution pattern and development trend of the arid environment in western China was a major research component of the project Environmental and Ecological Science for West China, which was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The leading executive of the project was Academician Zhisheng An from the Institute of Earth Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The project ran from January 2002 to December 2004. The data collected by the project include the following: 1. History and variability data for arid regions in western China: 1) Chinese Loess Plateau mass accumulation rate data (3600-0 kyr BP): Fields include age and mass accumulation rate (MAR) (txt file). 2) Chinese Loess Plateau grain size and magnetic susceptibility data (3600-0 kyr BP): Fields include age, stacked mean grain size, and stacked magnetic susceptibility (txt file). 2. Sporopollen content data of different loess strata since 12 kyr BP in the Yaozhou District of Shanxi Province (excel table): The distributions of 27 species of sporopollen (0-397 cm) from 67 different layers of loess samples are included. 3. 10Be record data (table) 10Be concentration, magnetic susceptibility and bulk density data of loess with different thicknesses (79.67- 0.09 kyr BP). 4. Simulation data on the modulation of the East Asian monsoon resulting from orbital variability driven by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau: ah0-sum.nc nc file, hh0-sum.nc nc file, jfh0-sum.nc nc file, kdh0-sum.nc nc file, lfh0-sum.nc nc file, mask.nc nc file, phis.nc nc file.
AN Zhisheng
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