China long-sequence surface freeze-thaw dataset——decision tree algorithm (1987-2009), is derived from the decision tree classification using passive microwave remote sensing SSM / I brightness temperature data. This data set uses the EASE-Grid projection method (equal cut cylindrical projection, standard latitude is ± 30 °), with a spatial resolution of 25.067525km, and provides daily classification results of the surface freeze-thaw state of the main part of mainland China. The data set is stored by year and consists of 23 folders, from 1987 to 2009. Each folder contains the day-to-day surface freeze-thaw classification results for the current year. It is an ASCII file with the naming rule: SSMI-frozenYYYY ***. Txt, where YYYY represents the year and *** represents the Julian date (001 ~ 365 / 366). The freeze-thaw classification result txt file can be opened and viewed directly with a text program, and can also be opened with ArcView + Spatial Analyst extension module or Arcinfo's Asciigrid command. The original frozen and thawed surface data was derived from daily passive microwave data processed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) since 1987. This data set uses EASE-Grid (equivalent area expandable earth grid) as a standard format . China's surface freeze-thaw long-term sequence data set-The decision tree algorithm (1987-2009) attributes consist of the spatial-temporal resolution, projection information, and data format of the data set. Spatio-temporal resolution: the time resolution is day by day, the spatial resolution is 25.067525km, the longitude range is 60 ° ~ 140 ° E, and the latitude is 15 ° ~ 55 ° N. Projection information: Global equal-area cylindrical EASE-Grid projection. For more information about EASE-Grid projection, see the description of this projection in data preparation. Data format: The data set consists of 23 folders from 1987 to 2009. Each folder contains the results of the day-to-day surface freeze-thaw classification of the year, and is stored as a txt file on a daily basis. File naming rules: For example, SMI-frozen1994001.txt represents the surface freeze-thaw classification results on the first day of 1994. The ASCII file of the data set is composed of a header file and a body content. The header file consists of 6 lines of description information such as the number of rows, the number of columns, the coordinates of the lower left point of the x-axis, the coordinates of the lower left point of the y-axis, the grid size, and the value of the data-less area. Array, with columns as the priority. The values are integers, from 1 to 4, 1 for frozen, 2 for melting, 3 for desert, and 4 for precipitation. Because the space described by all ASCII files in this data set is nationwide, the header files of these files are unchanged. The header files are extracted as follows (where xllcenter, yllcenter and cellsize are in m): ncols 308 nrows 166 xllcorner 5778060 yllcorner 1880060 cellsize 25067.525 nodata_value 0 All ASCII files in this data set can be opened directly with a text program such as Notepad. Except for the header file, the main content is a numerical representation of the surface freeze-thaw state: 1 for frozen, 2 for melting, 3 for desert, and 4 for precipitation. If you want to display it with an icon, we recommend using ArcView + 3D or Spatial Analyst extension module to read it. During the reading process, a grid format file will be generated. The displayed grid file is the graphic representation of the ASCII code file. Reading method: [1] Add 3D or Spatial Analyst extension module in ArcView software, and then create a new View; [2] Activate View, click the File menu, select the Import Data Source option, the Import Data Source selection box pops up, select ASCII Raster in Select import file type: in this box, and a dialog box for selecting the source ASCII file automatically pops up Find any ASCII file in the data set and press OK; [3] Type the name of the Grid file in the Output Grid dialog box (a meaningful file name is recommended for later viewing), and click the path where the Grid file is stored, press Ok again, and then press Yes (to select an integer) Data), Yes (call the generated grid file into the current view). The generated file can be edited according to the Grid file standard. This completes the process of displaying the ASCII file as a Grid file. [4] During batch processing, you can use ARCINFO's ASCIIGRID command to write an AML file, and then use the Run command to complete in the Grid module: Usage: ASCIIGRID <in_ascii_file> <out_grid> {INT | FLOAT}
LI Xin
The project “The impact of the frozen soil environment on the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the environmental effects of the construction” is part of the “Environmental and Ecological Science in West China” programme supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The person in charge of the project is Wei Ma, a researcher at the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The project ran from January 2002 to December 2004. Data collected in this project included the following: Monitoring data of the active layer in the Beiluhe River Basin (1) Description of the active layer in the Beiluhe River Basin (2) Subsurface moisture data from the Beiluhe River Basin, 2002.9.28-2003.8.10 (Excel file) * Site 1 - Grassland moisture data * Site 2 – Removed turf moisture data * Site 3 - Natural turf moisture data * Site 4 - Gravel moisture data * Site 5 - Insulation moisture data (3) Subsurface temperature data from the Beiluhe River Basin, 0207-0408 Excel file * Temperature data for the ballast surface * Temperature data for insulation materials * Temperature data for a surface without vegetation * Temperature data for a grassland surface * Temperature data for a grit and pebble surface Data on the impact of construction on the ecological environment were obtained at Fenghuoshan, Tuotuohe, and Wudaoliang. Sample survey included plant type, abundance, community coverage, total coverage, aboveground biomass ratio and soil structure. The moisture content at different depths of the soil was detected using a time domain reflectometer (TDR). A set of soil samples was collected at a depth of 0-100 cm at each sample site. An EKKO100 ground-penetrating radar detector was used to continuously sample 1-1.5 km long sections parallel to the road to determine the upper limit depth of the frozen soil. 3. Predicted data: The temperature of the frozen soil at different depths and times was predicted in response to temperature increases of 1 degree and 2 degrees over the next 50 years based on initial surface temperatures of -0.5, -1.5, -2.5, -3.5, and -4.5 degrees. 4. The frozen soil parameters of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were as follows: location, railway mileage, total mileage (km), frozen soil type mileage, mileage of zones with an average temperature conducive to permafrost, frozen soil with high temperatures and high ice contents, frozen soils with high temperatures and low ice contents, frozen soils with low temperatures and high ice contents, frozen soils with low temperatures and low ice contents, and melting area.
MA Wei, WU Qingbai
These data are a digitization of the frozen soil distribution map of the Map of the Glaciers, Frozen Ground and Deserts in China (1:4,000,000). Considering the unification with the global frozen soil classification system, the permafrost is divided into the following five types: (1) Discontinuous permafrost: continuous coefficient 50%-90% (2) Island permafrost: continuous coefficient <50% (3) Plateau discontinuous permafrost: continuous coefficient 50%-90% (4) Plateau island permafrost: continuous coefficient 50%-90% (5) Mountain permafrost The compilation basis of the frozen soil map includes (1) the measured field survey data and exploration of frozen soil; (2) aerial image and satellite image interpretation; (3) TOPO30 1-km resolution ground elevation data; and (4) and temperature and ground temperature data. The distribution of frozen soil on the Tibetan Plateau adopted the research results of Zhuotong Nan et al. (2002). Using the average annual temperature data of 76 boreholes along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, a statistical regression analysis was performed to obtain the relation between annual mean ground temperature, latitude and elevation. Based on the relation combined with GTOPO30 elevation data (global 1-km digital elevation model data developed by the Earth Resources Observation and Technology Center of the U.S Geological Survey), the annual average ground temperature distribution over the entire Tibetan Plateau was simulated. Taking the annual average ground temperature of 0.5 °C as the boundary between permafrost and seasonal frozen soil and the Map of Snow Ice and Frozen Ground in China (1:4,000,000) (Yafeng Shi, et al., 1988) as a reference, the boundary between the plateau discontinuous permafrost and plateau island permafrost was determined. In addition, taking the Distributions Map of Permafrost in Daxiao Hinganling Northeast China (Dongxin Guo, et al. 1981), the Distribution Map of Permafrost and Ground Ice in Circum-Arctic (Brown et al. 1997) and the latest field data as references, the permafrost boundary of northeast China has been revised; the mountain permafrost boundary in the northwest mostly adopted the boundary delineated in the Map of Snow Ice and Frozen Ground in China (1:4,000,000) (Yafeng Shi, et al., 1988). According to this data set, permafrost area in China is approximately 1.75×106 km2, accounting for 18.25% of the territory of China, among which the mountain permafrost area is 0.29×106 km2, which accounts for 3.03% of the territory of China. For more information, please refer to the Map of the Glaciers, Frozen Ground and Deserts in China (1:4,000,000) specification (Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2006).
WANG Tao, SHI Yafeng, GUO Dongxin
This dataset uses daily temperature data from SMMR (1978-1987), SSM/I (1987-2009) and SSMIS (2009-2015). It is generated by the dual-index (TB, 37v, SG) freeze-thaw discrimination algorithm. The classification results include the frozen surface, the thawed surface, the deserts and water bodies. The data coverage is the main part of China’s mainland, with a spatial resolution of 25.067525 km via the EASE-Grid projection method, and it is stored in ASCIIGRID format. All the ASCII files in this data set can be opened directly with a text program such as Notepad. Except for the head file, the body content is numerically characterized by the freeze/thaw status of the surface soil: 1 for frozen, 2 for thawed, 3 for desert, and 4 for precipitation. If you want to use the icon for display, we recommend using the ArcView + 3D or Spatial Analyst extension module for reading; in the process of reading, a grid format file will be generated, and the displayed grid file is the graphical expression of the ASCII file. The read method comprises the following. [1] Add the 3D or Spatial Analyst extension module to the ArcView software and then create a new View. [2] Activate View, click File menu, and select the Import Data Source option. When the Import Data Source selection box pops up, select ASCII Raster in the Select import file type box. When the dialog box for selecting the source ASCII file automatically pops up, click to find any ASCII file in the data set, and then press OK. [3] Type the name of the Grid file in the Output Grid dialog box (it is recommended that a meaningful file name is used for later viewing) and click the path to store the Grid file, press OK again, and then press Yes (to select integer data) and Yes (to put the generated grid file into the current view). The generated files can be edited according to the Grid file standard. This completes the process of displaying an ASCII file into a Grid file. [4] In the batch processing, the ASCIGRID command of ARCINFO can be used to write AML files, and then use the Run command to complete the process in the Grid module: Usage: ASCIIGRID <in_ascii_file> <out_grid> {INT | FLOAT}. The production of this data is supported by the following Natural Science Foundation Projects: Environmental and Ecological Science Data Center of West China (90502010), Land Data Assimilation System of West China (90202014) and Active and Passive Microwave Radiation Transmission Simulation and Radiation Scattering Characteristics of the Frozen Soil (41071226).
LI Xin
This dataset is the spatial distribution map of the marshes in the source area of the Yellow River near the Zaling Lake-Eling Lake, covering an area of about 21,000 square kilometers. The data set is classified by the Landsat 8 image through an expert decision tree and corrected by manual visual interpretation. The spatial resolution of the image is 30m, using the WGS 1984 UTM projected coordinate system, and the data format is grid format. The image is divided into five types of land, the land type 1 is “water body”, the land type 2 is “high-cover vegetation”, the land type 3 is “naked land”, and the land type 4 is “low-cover vegetation”, and the land type 5 is For "marsh", low-coverage vegetation and high-coverage vegetation are distinguished by vegetation coverage. The threshold is 0.1 to 0.4 for low-cover vegetation and 0.4 to 1 for high-cover vegetation.
KHROMOVA Tatiana,
These data are digitized for the Geocryological Regionalization and Classification Map of the Frozen Soil in China (1:10 million) (Guoqing Qiu et al., 2000; Youwu Zhou et al., 2000), adopting a geocryological regionalization and classification dual series system. The geocryological regionalization system and classification system are used on the same map to reflect the commonality and individuality of the formation and distribution of frozen soil at each level. The geocryological regionalization system consists of three regions of frozen soil: (1) the frozen soil region of eastern China; (2) the frozen soil region of northwestern China; and (3) the frozen soil region of southwestern China (Tibetan Plateau). Based on the three large regions, 16 regions and several subregions are further divided. In the division of the geocryological boundary in the frozen soil area, the boundary between major regions I and III mainly consults the results of Bingyuan Li (1987). The boundary between major regions II and III is the northern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau, which is the Kunlun Mountains-Altun Mountains-Northern Qilian Mountains and the piedmont line. The boundary between major regions I and II is in the area of Helan Mountain-Langshan Mountain. The boundary of the secondary region is divided by the geomorphological conditions in regions II and III. However, in region I, it is mainly divided by the ratio of the annual temperature range A to the annual mean temperature T, and the frozen depths of various regions are taken into consideration. The classification system is divided into 8 types based on the continuity of frozen soil, the time of existence of frozen soil and the seasonal frozen depth. The various classifications of boundaries are mainly taken from the "Map of Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground in China" (1:4 million) (Yafeng Shi et al., 1988) and consult some new materials, whereas the seasonal frozen soil boundary is mainly based on the weather station data. The definitions of each classification are as follows: (1) Large permafrost: the continuous coefficient is 90%-70%; (2) Large-island permafrost: the continuous coefficient is 70%-30%; (3) Sparse island-shaped permafrost: the continuous coefficient is <30%; (4) Permafrost in the mountains; (5) Medium-season seasonal frozen soil: the maximum seasonal frozen depth that can be reached is >1 m; (6) Shallow seasonal frozen soil: the maximum seasonal frozen depth that can be reached is <1 m; (7) Short-term frozen soil: less than one month of storage time; and (8) Nonfrozen soil. According to the data, China's permafrost areas sum to approximately 2.19 × 106 km², accounting for 22.83% of China's territory. Among those areas, the mountain permafrost is found over 0.42×106 km2, which is 4.39% of the territory of China. The seasonal frozen soil area is approximately 4.76×106 km², accounting for 49.6% of China's territory, and the instantaneous frozen soil area is approximately 1.86×106 km², i.e., 19.33% of China's territory. For more information, please see the references (Youwu Zhou et al., 2000).
GUO Dongxin, QIU Guoqing
The data set includes 1. permaice (map of frozen soil types), 2. subsea (subsea boundary vectorgraph), 3. treeline (timberline vectorgraph), 4. nhipa (grid map) and 5. llipa (grid map). Permaice includes the following attribute fields: Num_code (frozen soil attribute code), Combo (frozen soil attribute), extent (frozen soil coverage) and content (ice content). The attribute comparison is as follows. (1) Frozen soil attribute comparison table: 0 （No information） 1 - chf （Continuous permafrost extent with high ground ice content and thick overburden） 2 - dhf （Discontinuous permafrost extent with high ground ice content and thick overburden） 3 - shf （Sporadic permafrost extent with high ground ice content and thick overburden） 4 - ihf （Isolated patches of permafrost extent with high ground ice content and thick overburden） 5 - cmf （Continuous permafrost extent with medium ground ice content and thick overburden） 6 - dmf （Discontinuous permafrost extent with medium ground ice content and thick overburden） 7 - smf （Sporadic permafrost extent with medium ground ice content and thick overburden） 8 - imf （Isolated patches of permafrost extent with medium ground ice content and thick overburden） 9 - clf （Continuous permafrost extent with low ground ice content and thick overburden） 10 - dlf （Discontinuous permafrost extent with low ground ice content and thick overburden） 11 - slf （Sporadic permafrost extent with low ground ice content and thick overburden） 12 - ilf （Isolated patches of permafrost extent with low ground ice content and thick overburden） 13 - chr （Continuous permafrost extent with high ground ice content and thin overburden and exposed bedrock） 14 - dhr （Discontinuous permafrost extent with high ground ice content and thin overburden and exposed bedrock） 15 - shr （Sporadic permafrost extent with high ground ice content and thin overburden and exposed bedrock） 16 - ihr （Isolated patches of permafrost extent with high ground ice content and thin overburden and exposed bedrock） 17 - clr （Continuous permafrost extent with low ground ice content and thin overburden and exposed bedrock） 18 - dlr （Discontinuous permafrost extent with low ground ice content and thin overburden and exposed bedrock） 19 - slr （Sporadic permafrost extent with low ground ice content and thin overburden and exposed bedrock） 20 - ilr （Isolated patches of permafrost extent with low ground ice content and thin overburden and exposed bedrock） 21 - g （Glaciers） 22 - r （Relict permafrost） 23 - l （Inland lakes） 24 - o （Ocean/inland seas） 25 - ld （Land） （2）The frozen soil coverage attribute comparison table c = continuous (90-100%) d = discontinuous (50-90%) s = sporadic (10-50%) i = isolated patches (0-10%) （3）The ice content comparison table h = high (>20% for "f" landform codes) (>10% for "r" landform codes) m = medium (10-20%) l = low (0-10%) ------------------------------------------------------------ Projection of the shapefiles is: PROJCS["Sphere_ARC_INFO_Lambert_Azimuthal_Equal_Area", GEOGCS["GCS_Sphere_ARC_INFO", DATUM["Sphere_ARC_INFO", SPHEROID["Sphere_ARC_INFO",6370997.0,0.0]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0], UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]], PROJECTION["Lambert_Azimuthal_Equal_Area"], PARAMETER["False_Easting",0.0], PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0], PARAMETER["longitude_of_center",180.0], PARAMETER["latitude_of_center",90.0], UNIT["Meter",1.0]] Projection for the raster (*.byte) files is: Projection: Lambert Azimuthal Units: meters Spheroid: defined Major Axis: 6371228.00000 Minor Axis: 6371228.000 Parameters: radius of the sphere of reference: 6371228.00000 longitude of center of projection: 0 latitude of center of projection: 90 false easting (meters): 0.00000 false northing (meters): 0.00000
O. Ferrians, J. A. Heginbottom, E. Melnikov, ZHANG Tingjun, RAN Youhua
The Map of Permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (1:3,000,000) (Shude Li and Guodong Cheng, 1996) was made by the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, LIGG, CAS (currently called the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences). It was based on first-hand information from the study of frozen soil and previous research papers and literature. By detailed study and consultation of aerial photographs, satellite images, the Permafrost Map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (1:600,000) (Boliang Tong, et al., 1983), Geomorphological Map of the Qilian Mountains (1:1,000,000) (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1985), Natural Landscape Map of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (1:3,000,000) (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1990), Quaternary Glacial Distribution Map of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (1:3,000,000) (Bingyuan Li and Jijun Li, 1991), Frozen Soil Remote Sensing Map of the Western Channel Project of the South-North Water Diversion in the Region of the Tongtian-Yalong Rivers (1:500,000) (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1995), and Map of Snow, Ice, Frozen Ground in China (1:4,000,000) (Yafeng Shi and Desheng Mi, 1988), with editing on 1,000,000 aerial survey topographic maps, and the 1:3,000,000 Map of Permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was then generated. It was later digitized by Zhuotong Nan of the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The data include: 1) Digitized distribution map of frozen soil on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 2) Scanned map of frozen soil map on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau The types of frozen soil in the digitized frozen soil map include: 0. Seasonally frozen ground; seasonal frozen soil 1. Permafrost 2. Island permafrost; 3. Continuous permafrost;
CHENG Guodong, LI Shude, NAN Zhuotong, TONG Boliang
Chinese Cryospheric Information System is a comprehensive information system for the management and analysis of Chinese Cryospheric data. The establishment of Chinese Cryospheric Information System is to meet the needs of earth system science, to provide parameters and validation data for the development of response and feedback model of frozen soil, glacier and snow cover to global change under GIS framework; on the other hand, it is to systemically sort out and rescue valuable cryospheric data, to provide a scientific, efficient and safe management and division for it Analysis tools. The basic datasets of the Tibet Plateau mainly takes the Tibetan Plateau as the research region, ranging from longitude 70 -- 105 ° east and latitude 20 -- 40 ° north, containing the following types of data: 1. Cryosphere data. Includes: Permafrost type (Frozengd), (Fromap); Snow depth distribution (Snowdpt) Quatgla (Quatgla) 2. Natural environment and resources. Includes: Terrain: elevation, elevation zoning, slope, slope direction (DEM); Hydrology: surface water (Stram_line), (Lake); Basic geology: Quatgeo, Hydrogeo; Surface properties: Vegetat; 4. Climate data: temperature, surface temperature, and precipitation. 3. Socio-economic resources (Stations) : distribution of meteorological Stations on the Tibetan Plateau and it surrounding areas. 4. Response model of plateau permafrost to global change (named "Fgmodel"): permafrost distribution data in 2009, 2049 and 2099 were projected. Please refer to the following documents (in Chinese): "Design of Chinese Cryospheric Information System.doc", "Datasheet of Chinese Cryospheric Information System.DOC", "Database of the Tibetan Plateau.DOC" and "Database of the Tibetan Plateau 2.DOC".
LI Xin
A map of the frozen soil distribution in the Republic of Mongolia is digitized from the National Atlas of the Republic of Mongolia (Sodnom and Yanshin, 1990). This data set describes the distribution and general properties of permafrost, seasonally frozen soil, and low-temperature phenomena in the Republic of Mongolia. Two plates were specifically digitized. The first plate, with a scale of 1:12,000,000, describes four general frozen soil regions: (1) continuous and discontinuous permafrost; (2) island-like and sparse island-like permafrost; (3) sporadic permafrost; and (4) seasonally frozen soil. The second plate, with a scale of 1:4,500,000, describes 14 different terrain types. The terrain types are divided based on elevation, annual average temperature, permafrost thickness, melting depth, and freezing depth of seasonally frozen soil. The locations of the six types of low-temperature phenomena in Mongolia are also included: pingos, ice cones, hot karst, detachment failures, solifluction, and cryoplatation processes. The data are provided in the ESRI shape file format and can be downloaded from the US Ice and Snow Data Center.
A. L.Yanshin, Sodnom
The data are a digitized permafrost map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (1:600,000) (Boliang Tong, et al. 1983), which was compiled by Boliang Tong, shude Li, Jueying bu, and Guoqing Qiu from the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (originally called the Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) in 1981. The map aims to reflect the basic laws of permafrost distribution along the highway and its relationship with the main natural environmental factors. The basic data for the compilation of the map include hydrogeological and engineering geological survey results and maps along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(1:200000) (First Hydrogeological Engineering Geological Brigade of Qinghai Province, Institute of Geomechanics of the Academy of Geological Science), the cryopedological research results of the Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology of Chinese Academy of Sciences since 1960 in nine locations along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (West Datan, Kunlun pass basin, Qingshuihe, Fenghuohe, Tuotuohe, the Sangma Basin, Buquhe, Tumengela, and Liangdaohe) and drilling data of the Golmud-Lhasa oil pipeline and aerial topographic data of the work area. Taking the 1:200000 topographic map as the working base map, a permafrost map was compiled, which was then downscaled to a 1:600000 map to ensure the accuracy of the map. To make up for the lack of data in a larger area along the line, the characteristics and principles of the frozen soils found in the nine frozen soil research points along the highway were applied to areas with the same geologic and geographical conditions; meanwhile, aerial photographs were used as supplements to the freeze-thaw geology and frozen soil characteristics. The permafrost map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (1:600,000) includes the annual average temperature contour map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (1:7,200,000) and the permafrost map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (1:600,000). The permafrost map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway also contains information on permafrost types, lithology, frozen soil phenomena, types of through-melting zones, classification of frozen soil engineering, and geological structural fractures. These data contain only digitized permafrost information. The spatial coverage is from Daxitan on the Qinghai-Tibet Highway in the north to Sangxiong in the south and is nearly 800 kilometers long and 40-50 kilometers wide. The data set includes a vectorized and a scanned map of the permafrost map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. The attribute information of the map is as follows. A-1; Continuous permafrost; >0°C; remained as a frozen soil layer and isolation layer A-2; Continuous permafrost; 0~-0.5°C; 0-25 m A-3; Continuous permafrost; -0.5~-1.5°C; 25-60 m A-4; Continuous permafrost; -1.5~-3.5°C; 60-120 m A-5;Continuous permafrost;<-3.5°C;>120 m B-1; Island permafrost ground; Seasonal Frozen Ground; B-2; Continuous permafrost; >0°C; remained as a frozen soil layer and isolation layer B-3; Island permafrost extent; 0~-0.5°C; 0-25 m B-4; Island permafrost extent; -0.5~-1.5°C; 25-60 m B-5; Island permafrost extent; -1.5~-3.5°C; 60-120 m
TONG Boliang, LI Shude, BO Jueying, QIU Guoqing
The source of the data is a 1:2500000-scale map series, "Geocryological Map of Russia and Neighboring Republics", published by Russia from 1991 to 1996, which is labelled in Russian and includes a total of 16 images. In 1998, Zaitsev and others translated it into English. In this study, seven of the images were digitized: 1) Distribution of frozen and unfrozen ground, 2) Mean annual temperature of unfrozen ground at the depth of zero annual amplitude (note that there is some uncertainty because the depth of zero amplitude is not provided, and data on this parameter is generally lacking), 3) Thickness of permafrost, 4) Depth from the surface and thickness of relict permafrost, 5) Distribution of permafrost containing cryopegs, 6) Thickness of permafrost containing cryopegs, 7) Distribution of permafrost with depth. 1. The data include multiple vector layers: (1) permafrost distribution, (2) permafrost temperature, (3) permafrost thickness, (4) permafrost formation conditions, and (5) the correction image. 2. The permafrost distribution map includes the following fields: AREA, PERIMETER, FROZEN_, FROZEN_ID: POLY_, POLY_, RINGS_OK, RINGS_NOK, A, FROZEN_SOI (frozen soil layer), and temperature. FROZEN_SOI are the Chinese and English representations of the type of frozen soil, respectively. 4. Frozen soil properties: Frozen soil Continuous predominantly unfrozen 1-5 Continuous permafrost -3- -5 Continuous unfrozen ground 4-6 Discontinuous permafrost 0.5- -2 Predominantly continuous permafrost -1- -3 Predominantly unfrozen ground 1-3 5. Projection information: PROJCS["Asia_North_Equidistant_Conic", GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1927", DATUM["North_American_Datum_1927", SPHEROID["Clarke_1866",6378206.4,294.9786982]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0], UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]], PROJECTION["Equidistant_Conic"], PARAMETER["False_Easting",0.0], PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0], PARAMETER["longitude_of_center",100.0], PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",15.0], PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_2",58.3], PARAMETER["latitude_of_center",60.0], UNIT["Meter",1.0]]
Yershow
The frozen soil type map of Kazakhstan (1:10,000,000) includes three .shp vector layers: 1, Polyline ranges.shp, indicating the extent of frozen soil; 2, Polygon kaz_perm.shp, frozen soil; 3, An attribute description Word file. The kaz_perm attribute table includes four fields: ID, REGION, SUBREGION, M_RANGE. Comparison of the main attributes: First, Area I. Altai-TienShan Second, Region: High mountains I.1. Altai, I.2. Saur-Tarbagatai, I.3.Dzhungarskyi, I.4. Northern Tien Shan, I.5. Western Tien Shan Intermountain depressions I.6. Zaysanskyi, I.7. Alakulskyi, I.8. Iliyskyi II. Western Siberian Second, Region: Planes II.1. Northern Kazakhstanskyi V. Western Kazakhstanskaya III. Kazakh small hills area IV. Turanskaya: IV.1. Turgayskyi IV.2. Near Aaralskyi IV.3. Chuysko-Syrdaryinskyi IV.4. South-Balkhashskyi V. Western Kazakhstanskaya: V.1. Mugodzhar-Uralskyi V.2. Near Caspian V.3. manghyshlak-Ustyrtskyi Third, Sub-region: I.1.1. Western Altai I.1.2. South Altai I.1.3. Kalbinskyi I.2.1. Tarbagatayskyi I.2.2. Saurskyi I.3.1. Nortern Dzhungarskyi I.3.2. Western Dzhungarskyi I.3.3. Southern Dzhungarskyi I.4.1. Kirgizskyi Alatau I.4.2. Zailiyskyi-Kungeyskyi I.4.3. Ketmenskyi I.4.4. Bayankolskyi I.5.1. Karatauskyi I.5.2. Talaso-Ugamskyi The layer projection information is as follows: GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984", DATUM["WGS_1984", SPHEROID["WGS_1984", 6378137.0, 298.257223563]], PRIMEM["Greenwich", 0.0], UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]] Different regions feature different frozen soil attributes, and the specific attribute information can be found in the Word file.
Sergei Marchenko
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