The global land surface characteristic parameter (LAI) product was used with a spatial resolution of 5 km. The product uses generalized regression neural network method to retrieve Lai from AVHRR surface reflectance data. In this study, 12 issues of Lai data products from June to August of each year in five Central Asian countries, Mongolia and Northern China from 1981 to 2017 were downloaded from the national science and technology infrastructure platform National Earth System Science Data Center. These images are cropped by ArcGIS software, and the maximum value is calculated to obtain the spatiotemporal data set of the largest Lai. Among them, five Central Asian countries include Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan; northern China refers to the area north of the Yangtze River in China.
ZHANG Na
This data is the hydrological data of kuzhan hydrological station in the middle reaches of the Xier river. The station is jointly built by Urumqi Institute of desert meteorology of China Meteorological Administration, Institute of water energy and ecology of Tajik National Academy of Sciences and Tajik hydrometeorological Bureau. The data can be used for scientific research such as water resources assessment and water conservancy projects in Central Asia. Data period: November 2, 2019 to December 5, 2020. Data elements: Hourly velocity (M / s), hourly water level (m) and hourly rainfall (m) Site location: 40 ° 17 ′ 38 ″ n, 69 ° 40 ′ 18 ″ e, 320m
ZHANG Na
The global land surface characteristic parameter (LAI) product was used with a spatial resolution of 5 km. The product uses generalized regression neural network method to retrieve Lai from AVHRR surface reflectance data. In this study, 12 issues of Lai data products from June to August of each year in five Central Asian countries, Mongolia and Northern China from 1981 to 2017 were downloaded from the national science and technology infrastructure platform National Earth System Science Data Center. These images are cropped by ArcGIS software, and the maximum value is calculated to obtain the spatiotemporal data set of the largest Lai. Among them, five Central Asian countries include Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan; northern China refers to the area north of the Yangtze River in China.
ZHANG Na
The birds along elevation gradients in Gangrigabu Mountains were investigated by point count method. With a 400-meter elevational gradient, elevation zones were set up in the survey area. Five elevation zones were built in the north slope from TongMai Town to Galong Temple in Bome County, and 8 elevation zones were built in the south slope from Jiefang Bridge to Galongla in Medog County. So that we can make clear about the pattern and maintenance mechanism of bird diversity along elevation gradients in this region. The data of bird diversity and distribution will be used to further explore the key scientific issues such as the impact of climate change on bird diversity and adaptation strategies, and the response and protection strategies of bird species diversity under the global climate change.
YANG Xiaojun
In November 2020, we made a collection in Qinghai Tibet Plateau were collected by net and electric capture methods, and the sampling area included the main water systems in Qinghai Province. A total of 30 sampling points were collected, and 685 fish specimens were collected in 12 points, including Schizothorax of loach.This work is a part of the project of “Building Methods for Detection of Aquatic Organisms in the Lake System of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau”, using traditional fish survey data to generate a list of species in the lake system, which will then be used to combine multiple lakes in the plateau. High-throughput molecular data acquired from the system's environmental water samples and tested for visual parameters (lake size, isolation, geographic location, and spectral characteristics) that can be used to predict aquatic biodiversity.
LIU Shuwei
From October to November 2020, we used both live traps and camera traps to collect mammal diversity and distributions along the elevational gradients at the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve. We set trap lines for small mammals inventory, with a total of 8000 live trap nights. We collected 526 individuals and1052 tissue samples of small mammals during the field sampling. We also retrived images of 130 camera traps placed between May 2020 and October 2020. We obtained 4218 pictures of wild animals,25 species of large and medium mammals were recorded.. The camera traps were reset in the same locations after renew batteries and memory cards. Small mammal data consist of richness, abundance, traits, environmental gradients etc, and could be used to model relationship between environmental gradients and traits concatenated by richness matrix. Camera trap data could inventory endangered species in the region, and provide information to identify biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities.
LI Xueyou
The data mainly include one belt, one road, the flagship species (POLYGON) and the POINT (DOT) distribution in the countries and key areas along the route, data sources IUCN and GIBF. The basic data base map of distribution map is downloaded from arconline map. One belt, one road area, is used to analyze the spatial distribution of flagship species in the key area. 1) data one belt, one road animal area (Central Asia Great Lakes region, China Brazil economic corridor and Sanjiang source National Park), and 9 species of mammals, 15 species of higher plants and fungi, 20 species of birds and 3 species of fishes. 2) data sources one by one: one belt, one road, the flagship species list and its distribution basic data: the red list of IUCN and the geographic spatial data of GBIF, and the distribution map of each species is generated by AcrMap software, and the atlas is formed. 3) Data quality description: after strict literature investigation and field investigation, each species determined the flagship standard, and strictly screened and scored according to the principle of "flagship selection standard (at least 4 of the 6 indicators)" by mammalian experts, higher botany and mycology experts, ornithology experts and ichthyology experts, and selected those with a score of more than 25 points Species atlas production. The longitude and latitude information of each species' geospatial data was checked by professionals, and the map was made according to the unified mapping standard. 4) data application one after another: one belt, one road, the survival status, ecological value and humanistic economic value of the flagship species in the "one belt and one way" area were investigated.
WANG Yuhua, ZHANG Yuanming, YANG Weikang, CHEN Yifeng, QU Yanhua, CHEN Shilong, ZHUANG Huifu, WANG Yanan, LIN Zihong
The data mainly include one belt, one road, the flagship species (POLYGON) and the POINT (DOT) distribution in the countries and key areas along the route, data sources IUCN and GIBF. The basic data base map of distribution map is downloaded from arconline map. This data is mainly one to analyze one belt, one road, the spatial layout of flagship species. 1) data one belt, one road animal along the "one belt" along the 8 countries (Pakistan, Nepal, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Burma), and 12 species of mammals, 1 species of higher plants, 23 species of birds, 9 species of fish. 2) data sources one by one: one belt, one road, the flagship species list and its distribution basic data: the red list of IUCN and the geographic spatial data of GBIF, and the distribution map of each species is generated by AcrMap software, and the atlas is formed. 3) Data quality description: after strict literature investigation and field investigation, each species determined the flagship standard, and strictly screened and scored according to the principle of "flagship selection standard (at least 4 of the 6 indicators)" by mammalian experts, higher botany and mycology experts, ornithology experts and ichthyology experts, and selected those with a score of more than 25 points Species atlas production. The longitude and latitude information of each species' geospatial data was checked by professionals, and the map was made according to the unified mapping standard. 4) data application one year and prospects: one belt, one road, 8 countries, and their survival, ecological value, and humanistic economic value were studied.
WANG Yuhua, ZHANG Yuanming, YANG Weikang, CHEN Yifeng, QU Yanhua, CHEN Shilong, ZHUANG Huifu, WANG Yanan, LIN Zihong
The study of fossils in Bangor and Lunpola is of great significance, and the date of fossils is indispensable. There are volcanic tuffs in this area. Zircon can be used for U-Pb age analysis to determine the age of strata and fossils. This data shows the zircon U-Pb age analysis results of tuff samples from bango and Lunpola fossil sites in a graphical way. The figure shows the shape of a large number of zircons, and indicates the age analysis results on different zircon samples. The data show the large sample size used in related research, and the analysis results are also clear. The image display of this data is intuitive and clear, and the results are reliable, which is of great significance to the study of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
SUN Boyang
1) Data content: species list and distribution data of Phrynocephalus and Eremais in Tarim Basin, including class, order, family, genus, species, and detailed distribution information including country, province, city and county; 2) Data source and processing method: Based on the field survey of amphibians and reptiles in Tarim Basin from 2008 to 2020, and recording the species composition and distribution range of Phrynocephalus and Eremias in this area; 3) Data quality description: the investigation, collection and identification of samples are all conducted by professionals, and the collection of samples information are checked to ensure the quality of distribution data; 4) Data application results and prospects: Through comprehensive analysis of the dataset, the list of species diversity and distribution can provide important data for biodiversity cataloguing in arid central Asia, and provide scientific basis for assessing biodiversity pattern and formulating conservation strategies.
GUO Xianguang
From April 2020 to August 2020, sub project 3 collected 51 ear tissue samples of Qinghai fine wool sheep distributed in Haiyan County, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, 50 blood samples of Oula sheep in Tongde County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, 50 blood samples of yak in Tongde County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, 60 blood samples of Haidong donkey in Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County, Xining City, and tissue samples A total of 211 copies. At the same time, the information of body length, body height, weight, age and gender, as well as the data of economic traits such as litter size, wool fineness and wool length were recorded. The individual photos were taken, and the information of feeding mode and epidemic situation were obtained through questionnaire survey.
TIAN Fei
In order to analyze how and when vines entered the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and to explore the relationship between the spread and domestication of vines on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the plateau settlement and ancient Silk exchanges of early human activities, the research team conducted genome sequencing and de sequencing of the whole genome of self bred F1 varieties of Brassica rapa in Nangqian County of Qinghai Province in June 2018 The size of the assembled genome was 409.69 MB and contig N50 was 1.21 MB. This result can provide a genetic basis for studying the relationship between plant dispersal and human activities. At the same time, this study will help to reveal the effects of artificial domestication and human selection on the genetic differentiation of the plant and the adaptive mechanism of the plant to the plateau ecological environment.
DUAN Yuanwen
Based on the high-quality genomic sequence analysis, the high-quality genome sequences can be obtained. Therefore, through this technology, the project team divides the sequences in the genome sequence sketch into groups that are consistent with the chromosome number of the species, and determines the order and orientation of all sequences in each group. After that, we can combine the reference vines genome, transcriptome assembly sequence (EST sequence), related species and genetic map data The accuracy of grouping and the sequence and direction between sequences were evaluated.
DUAN Yuanwen
Based on the high-quality genomic sequence analysis, the high-quality genome sequences can be obtained. Therefore, through this technology, the project team divides the sequences in the genome sequence sketch into groups that are consistent with the chromosome number of the species, and determines the order and orientation of all sequences in each group. After that, we can combine the reference vines genome, transcriptome assembly sequence (EST sequence), related species and genetic map data The accuracy of grouping and the sequence and direction between sequences were evaluated.
DUAN Yuanwen
In order to study the relationship between the spread of vines and human activities, we re sequenced the varieties from Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, as well as Pakistan, India, Nepal, Germany, Japan and other places. At the same time, the gene families were clustered, and the unique and common genes and gene families were counted. In addition, the expansion and contraction analysis of gene families and the phylogeny were also carried out Tree construction, genome-wide replication event analysis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular basis of the adaptation of traditional Cranberry varieties to the plateau under the dual pressure of human activities and regional climate environment. Therefore, this study is helpful to reveal the adaptive mechanism of C. racemosa adapting to the plateau ecological environment and the influence of artificial domestication and human selection on its genetic differentiation in the process of evolution.
DUAN Yuanwen
In order to study the relationship between the spread of vines and human activities, we re sequenced the varieties from Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, as well as Pakistan, India, Nepal, Germany, Japan and other places. At the same time, the gene families were clustered, and the unique and common genes and gene families were counted. In addition, the expansion and contraction analysis of gene families and the phylogeny were also carried out Tree construction, genome-wide replication event analysis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular basis of the adaptation of traditional Cranberry varieties to the plateau under the dual pressure of human activities and regional climate environment. Therefore, this study is helpful to reveal the adaptive mechanism of C. racemosa adapting to the plateau ecological environment and the influence of artificial domestication and human selection on its genetic differentiation in the process of evolution.
DUAN Yuanwen
1) Data content: including the Potential distribution map of amphipods in the Tibetan Plateau Lake. 2) The occurrence data are based on species list and distribution dataset from the Tibetan Plateau. We made potential distributions of amphipods across its range under present, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and mid-Holocene. 3) All the collection information are checked carefully. 4) This project, is to provide basic data for the protection of water resources and biodiversity of lakes in the Tibetan Plateau.
HOU Zhonge
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify their genetic background and establish corresponding genetic resource bank. In December 2019, a total of 1208 blood or tissue samples were collected from 254 goats of Chongqing Dazu black goat, Lubei white goat, Hainan black goat, Xuzhou SuBai goat and Yimeng black goat in Chongqing, Shandong, Jiangsu and Hainan, including 9 fresh tissue RNA samples such as heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney. This data set contains the sample species, species, detailed sampling place, sample type, collection time, collector, storage method and other basic sample information, which is stored in the form of Excel. The data set also contains the appearance photos of individual species, which are stored in JPG format.
PENG Minsheng
Data content: including the Tibetan Plateau Lake collections, the genetic diversity map of amphipods. In this project, 620 streams and lakes in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas were collected and studied for genetic diversity, in order to provide basic data for the protection of water resources and biodiversity of lakes in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Data source and processing method: this data set is the first-hand data, which is generated independently. The sample collection points in this data collection were obtained from four collection surveys conducted by the project team in the Tibetan Plateau from 2017 to 2020. Molecular data is to extract COI sequence from the collected samples as molecular evidence to carry out genetic diversity analysis; the main instrument is PCR, model is mastercycle x50s, manufacturer is Eppendorf. Data quality description: the data set basically covers the Tibetan Plateau and adds samples from the surrounding areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Data application achievements and prospects: provide basic data for biodiversity protection.
HOU Zhonge
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas (Pan third pole area), and clarify its related genetic background. In 2020, we extracted the total DNA from 201 global chicken blood, tissue and other DNA tissue samples, built a database and sequenced the whole genome. At the same time, we downloaded the published chicken genome data, and carried out population analysis of 863 chicken genomes, so as to provide basic data for exploring the historical events of domestication, migration and expansion of domestic chickens in the pan third pole region, and further explore the adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals to harsh environments such as drying. Articles related to this data set have been published. All data in this data set can be downloaded online from fastq, BAM, VCF and SNP files.
PENG Minsheng
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify their genetic background and establish corresponding genetic resource bank. In 2020, a total of 707 blood, tissue and fecal samples from 209 domesticated animals were collected in Ili area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, including RNA samples of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of 12 horses. This data set contains the species, varieties, detailed sampling places, sample types, collection time, collectors, storage methods and other basic sample information of sheep, horses, cattle, dogs, chickens, geese, goats and other species in Yili area of Xinjiang, and is stored in Excel form. This data set also contains the appearance photos of individuals sampled and stored in JPG format.
XU Feng
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of the main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas (Pan third polar region), and clarify its genetic background. In 2020, we selected 31 RNA tissue samples from kidney, spleen and jejunum of local commercial chicken and native chicken in Kenya. After extracting total RNA, we established a library and performed transcriptome sequencing. Sequencing produced a batch of 180g transcriptome sequencing raw data. In order to explore the domestication, migration, expansion and other historical events of domestic chicken in Pan third pole area, and further explore the adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals to dry and other harsh environment. This data set contains the excel table of basic sample information such as species, breed, sex and phenotype of 31 domestic chicken individuals, and the original data and MD5 value of three tissue transcriptome sequencing of 31 domestic chicken individuals.
PENG Minsheng
In order to describe the distribution pattern of the genetic diversity of the main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify the related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource pool. In 2019, 187 samples of blood, tissue and feces of local main domesticated animals were collected in Chayu County, Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region. This data set contains the basic sample information such as species, varieties, detailed sampling sites, sample types, collection time, collectors and storage methods of domestic chickens, pigs, cattle, horses, dogs and buffaloes in Chayu County, Linzhi, Tibet, and is stored in Excel form. This data set also contains the individual appearance photos of the sample, which are stored in JPG format.
PENG Minsheng, YIN Tingting
In order to describe the disease situation of the main domesticated animals in and around the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the epidemic situation of the main domestic animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau was investigated, and the genetic samples and intestinal microbial samples of the main epidemic diseases of the main domestic animals were collected. We collected Camel dung at Mohe camel farm, Ulan County, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. This data set is the 16S rRNA sequencing data of camel's intestinal microorganism in Qinghai Province. By extracting the total DNA of camel faeces, we designed primers to amplify the v3-v4 region gene fragment of bacteria, and then sequenced the corresponding data with high-throughput of the second generation. 44 samples were sequenced. This data set can be used to mine genetic resources of disease resistant individuals and find corresponding candidate genes.
DUAN Ziyuan
This data is the spatial distribution map of ecological shelters in Nursultan, the capital of Kazakhstan in 2018. The types of features in the map mainly include shelter forests, roads, buildings, lakes and rivers. The data source is four sentinel images in August 2018, with a resolution of 10 meters. At the same time, overlay the vector map of OSM global features. The data set is more accurate after correction. Through visual interpretation and field investigation, the extraction of shelter forest spot has high precision. The data reflects the spatial distribution of urban ecological shelters in Nursultan, the capital of Kazakhstan. At the same time, it has an important reference value for the long-term monitoring of the spatial and temporal pattern of shelter forests.
WANG Yongdong
The content of this data set is the measurements of body weight and body size (body height, body length, chest circumference, tube circumference) of 11 representative yak populations in Qinghai pastoral area at 2018. All the metadata comes from the work of body weight monitoring of yaks in Qinghai pastoral area at 2018, by the Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences. The data set is named by “Monitoring Data Set of Body Weights of Traditional Grazing Yaks in Qinghai Pastoral Area (2018)”, consisting of 11 worksheets. The names and contents of worksheets are as follows: 1. Haiyan-Halejing (167 yaks in halejing Mongolian Town, Haiyan County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 2. Qilian-Mole (69 yaks in Mole Town, Qilian County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 3. Qilian-Yeniugou (42 yaks in Yeniugou Town, Qilian County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 4. Qilian-Yanglong (104 yaks in Yanglong Town, Qilian County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 5. Qilian-Ebao (28 yaks in Ebao Town, Qilian County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 6. Tianjun-Xinyuan (38 yaks in Xinyuan Town, Tianjun County, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 7. Tianjun-Longmen (100 yaks in Longmen Town, Tianjun County, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 8. Gande-Ganlong (36 yaks in Ganglong Town, Gande County, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 9. Guinan-Taxiu (70 yaks in Taxiu Town, Guinan County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 10. Henan-Kesheng (73 yaks in Kesheng Town, Henan Mongolian Autonomous Country, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 11. Ledu-Dala (50 yaks in Dala Town, Ledu District, Haidong City). This data set comprehensively evaluates the growth performance of yaks grazing in alpine meadow under the current ecological environment through the measurement of weight and body size data in the representative areas of Qinghai pastoral area. The data set can be compared with the growth characteristics of representative populations of Qinghai yaks measured in 1981 and 2008 recorded in 1983 and 2013, and the degradation index of growth performance of yaks grazing in Qinghai pastoral area can be obtained, which is helpful to assess the impact of ecological environment changes on the growth and production performance of grazing livestock.
JIA Gongxue, YANG Qien, Tianwei XU
To investigate the paternal genetic structure of Tibetans from Lhasa, 1029 male samples were collected from Lhasa, Tibet. Firstly, SNP genotyping was performed to allocate samples into haplogroups. To further evaluate the genetic diversity of the major Y-chromosomal haplogroup in Tibetan populations from Lhasa, eight commonly used Y-chromosomal STR (short tandem repeat) loci (DYS19, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393) were genotyped using fluorescence-labeled primers with an ABI 3130XL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA). The results indicated that haplogroup D-M174 displayed highest frequency in Lhasa Tibetans (56.56%, the majority of its sublineages were D3*-P99), followed by haplogroups O-M175 (30.71%, with most of the samples belonging to O3a3c1-M117). Another relatively rare lineages in Lhasa Tibetans were N-M231 (5.15%, especially its sublineage N1*-LLY22G), C-M130 (2.62%), R-M207 (2.53%), Q (1.55%), J (0.68%), K-M, and T. Further analysis indicated that the Lhasa Tibetans’ Y chromosome haplogroups have ages within different periods, including >30 kya, LGM, post-LGM, Holocene, indicating occupation of modern humans in different periods.
KONG Qingpeng, QI Xuebin
From April to June 2019, we used both live traps and camera traps to collect mammal diversity and distributions along the elevational gradients at the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve. We set 64 trap lines for small mammals inventory, with a total of 11456 live trap nights. We collected 1061 individuals and 2394 tissue samples of small mammals during the field sampling. We also retrived images of 60 camera traps placed between October 2018 and April 2019. We obtained 4638 pictures of wild animals and 654 captures of anthopogenic activities. The camera traps were reset in the same locations after renew batteries and memory cards. Small mammal data consist of richness, abundance, traits, environmental gradients etc, and could be used to model relationship between environmental gradients and traits concatenated by richness matrix. Camera trap data could inventory endangered species in the region, and provide information to identify biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities.
LI Xueyou
The data set includes the spatial distribution of grass yield in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017. The gross primary productivity (GPP) of grassland in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was simulated based on the ecological hydrological dynamic model VIP (vegetation interface process) with independent intellectual property of Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The net primary productivity (NPP) was estimated by empirical coefficient, and converted it into dry matter, and then the hay yield was estimated by root-shoot ratio. The spatial resolution is 1km. The data set will provide the basis for grassland resource management, development, utilization and the formulation of the strategy of "grass for livestock".
MO Xingguo
This dataset subsumes sustainable livestock carrying capacity in 2000, 2010, and 2018 and overgrazing rate in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017 at county level over Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Based on the NPP data simulated by VIP (vehicle interface process), an eco hydrological model with independent intellectual property of the institute of geographic sciences and nature resources research(IGSNRR), Chinese academy of Sciences(CAS), the grass yield data (1km resolution) is obtained. Grass yield is then calculated at county level, and corresponding sustainable livestock carring capacity is calculated according to the sustainable livestock capacity calculation standard of China(NY / T 635-2015). Overgrazing rate is calculated based on actual livestock carring capacity at county level.The dataset will provide reference for grassland restoration, management and utilization strategies.
MO Xingguo
In order to describe the distribution pattern of the genetic diversity of the main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify the related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource pool. In 2019, a total of 200 samples of blood, tissue and feces of local main domesticated animals were collected in Hotan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This data set contains the basic sample information such as species, varieties, detailed sampling places, sample types, collection time, collectors and storage methods of sheep, Muscovy duck, pigeon, domestic chicken, domestic duck, domestic goose, domestic donkey, goat, cattle, domestic dog and other species in Hotan area of Xinjiang, which is stored in Excel form. This data set also contains the individual appearance photos of the sample, which are stored in JPG format.
XU Feng
According to the genomic data obtained, most of the candidate genes are related to physiological development. In order to study the specific regulatory mechanism of the candidate genes, corresponding functional verification tests are carried out. Therefore, we obtained the corresponding transgenic mice and sequenced the corresponding tissues of homozygous and wild-type samples (22 tissue samples in total, including brain, bone marrow and muscle tissues). Then through the analysis of this batch of transcriptome data, we can improve the functional verification of candidate genes, in order to provide powerful data for understanding the adaptive genetic mechanism of species in different regions and physiological regulation in the process of growth and development.
LI Yan
In order to describe the distribution pattern of the genetic diversity of the main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify the related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource pool. In 2019, 406 samples of blood, tissue and feces of local main domesticated animals were collected in Luqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province. This data set contains the species, varieties, detailed sampling places, sample types, collection time, collectors, storage methods and other basic sample information of sheep, pigs, yaks, chickens, cats, goats and other species in Luqu County, Qinghai Province, which are stored in Excel form. This data set also contains the individual appearance photos of the sample, which are stored in JPG format.
TIAN Fei
In order to analyze how and when it entered the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and explore the relationship between its spread and domestication in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the plateau settlement of early human activities and the ancient Silk Exchange, in June 2018, the research team used three generations of genome sequencing technology to sequence the whole genome and de novo assembly of F1 generation of its self bred varieties in Nangqian County, Qinghai Province, and got a genome size of 40 9.69 MB, contig N50 is 1.21 MB. This result can provide genetic basis for studying the relationship between plant diffusion and human activities. At the same time, this study is helpful to reveal the influence of artificial domestication and human selection on the genetic differentiation of cyanine, and the adaptive mechanism of cyanine to adapt to the plateau ecological environment.
DUAN Yuanwen
The data includes the county-level data of characteristic agriculture distribution in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which lays the foundation for the spatial distribution and development of characteristic agriculture in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The data comes from the planning documents of each province in the Tibetan Plateau region, such as the development plan of the characteristic agricultural products base of the Tibetan Plateau (2015-2020). The data is the distribution of characteristic agriculture at the county level, including four kinds of agricultural products: highland barley, yak, sheep and wolfberry. The spatialization of main agricultural products of characteristic agriculture at the county level is realized. The time range is set to 2015-2020, referring to the planning and construction time of characteristic agriculture in each province in the data source. The data can be applied to the research on the spatial distribution of characteristic agriculture and the development of characteristic agriculture in the future.
SHI Wenjiao
1) Data content: species list of amphibious and reptile in Tibet, including class, order, family, genus, species; 2) Data source and processing method: Based on the field survey of amphibians and reptiles in Tibet from 2010 to 2019, and recording the species composition and distribution range of amphibians and reptiles in this area; 3) Data quality description: the investigation, collection and identification of samples are all conducted by professionals, and the collection of samples, longitude, latitude and altitude information are checked to ensure the quality of distribution data; 4) Data application results and prospects: We selected amphibians and reptiles as model species for study. we obtained data on population size and distribution range, and provide scientific basis for assessing biodiversity pattern and formulating conservation strategies.
CHE Jing
Anthropogenic global climatic changes (GCC) are threatening the biodiversity. To better protect the biodiversity of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), better prediction of the impacts of GCC is essential. Based on long time field surveys and throughly literature studying, we obtained distribution data for 12 endemic amphibian and reptile species of QTP. To control the quality of the data, we only used the species distribution points with genetic data. We build species distribution using the maximum-entropy approach (Maxent). Then we predicted the distribution of potential suitable habitats in future. Our studies are important in biodiversity conservation
CHE Jing
Based on Sanger sequencing technology, we sequenced Hypervariable segments (HVS) of mitochondrial genomes of 258 individuals from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (Northwestern Yunnan). Quality control was conducted based on phylogenetic analysis, which has been proven to be of great help in distilling potential problems such as artificial recombination. By combining mitogenome data from literature, we analyzed the genetic landscape of populations in this region, with special attempts to unravel what kind of factors played the most important roles in this process. Results indicated substantial genetic components that could be traced back to Paleolithic period, likely representing the genetic legacy of initial settlers in southern East Asia. More components, which are prevalent in East Asians, especially in northern China, could also be observed, probably related to the migration of millet farmers from northern China into southwestern China.
KONG Qingpeng
1) data content: distribution map of Amphipoda in the Tibetan Plateau; 2) data source and processing method: based on the list of Amphipoda in Tibetan and its basic database of distribution, including longitude and latitude, altitude, and the ArcView software has been used to make the distribution map of Amphipoda in the Tibetan Plateau; 3) data quality description: sample collection, longitude and latitude, altitude information are checked to ensure the quality of distribution data, all analysts have received strict training in the laboratory; 4) data application achievements and prospects: comprehensively analyze the distribution data, species diversity and genetic diversity of Amphipoda in Tibetan Plateau, discuss the impact of climate change on Amphipoda diversity and the response of Amphipoda to environmental change from the perspective of evolution and genetics, and provide scientific basis for biodiversity assessment and ecological protection in the Tibetan Plateau; 5) legend: brown circles for samples from Tian Shan, pink circles for samples at north side of the Yarlung Zangbo River with diversification age of 2-4 Ma, greeen triangles for samples at south side of the Yarlung Zangbo River with diversification age of 4-6 Ma, yellow circles for samples from Himalayas with diversification age around 3 Ma, orange square for samples from Hengduan Mt. with diversificaiton age of 5-7 Ma, blue circles for samples from east of the Tibetan Plateau.
HOU Zhonge
Combined with the field investigation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the existing literature, this data set summarizes the species list as well as their geographical distributionof pitvipers in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, including Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou. There are 24 species of pitvipers in Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, belonging to 8 genera. The number of species distributed accounts for 67% of the total number of pitvipers in China, and 7 species are endemic to the region. In Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Tibet, there are 13 species of pitvipers in Yunnan, and 7 species in Tibet and Chongqing. The data set can provide important data for the biodiversity catalogue of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas.
GUO Peng
1) data content: including the morphological and reproductive life history data of four lizards, i.e. Phrynocephalus vlangalii, Phrynocephalus przewalskii, Eremias argus and Eremias multiocellata, and the physiological and ecological data of indoor and outdoor activity temperature, selection temperature, tolerant high temperature and tolerant low temperature, which is helpful to understand and analyze the physiological and ecological characteristics of typical lizards. 2) data source and processing method: Based on the indoor and outdoor experiments of typical lizards on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and pan third pole from 2013 to 2019, the data of physiological and ecological indicators of lizards in the field and the data of reproductive life history of pregnant lizards were recorded. 3) data quality description: the lizard indoor and outdoor data collectors are all graduate students, who have been trained strictly to ensure the quality of the collected data. 4) data application achievements and prospects: Taking the typical lizards in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas as the object, focusing on the impact of climate change on the thermal regulation behavior and reproductive life history of lizards, obtaining the physiological and ecological change characteristics of lizards under the climate change conditions is helpful to simulate and analyze the response trend of lizards distribution and population change under the climate warming environment.
ZENG Zhigao
1) Data content: species list and distribution data of Phrynocephalus and Eremais in Junggar basin, including class, order, family, genus, species, and detailed distribution information including country, province, city and county; 2) Data source and processing method: Based on the field survey of amphibians and reptiles in Junggar Basin and adjacent arid desert area from 2007 to 2019, and recording the species composition and distribution range of Phrynocephalus and Eremias in this area; 3) Data quality description: the investigation, collection and identification of samples are all conducted by professionals, and the collection of samples, longitude, latitude and altitude information are checked to ensure the quality of distribution data; 4) Data application results and prospects: Through comprehensive analysis of the dataset, the list of species diversity and distribution can provide important data for biodiversity cataloguing in arid central Asia, and provide scientific basis for assessing biodiversity pattern and formulating conservation strategies.
GUO Xianguang
1) data content: including class, order, Chinese name of family, Latin name of family, Chinese name of genus, Latin name of genus, Latin name of species, Chinese name of species, country, province and distribution area; 2) data source and processing method: record species composition and distribution range of freshwater Amphipoda in the Tibetan Plateau and pan third pole field based on scientific research from 2000 to 2019; 3) data quality description : the sampling and testing personnel have been trained strictly in the laboratory. In the process of sample collection, it shall be kept at low temperature and delivered to the laboratory within the specified time. In the process of laboratory analysis, the samples are determined repeatedly to ensure the quality of test data. 4) data application achievements and prospects: Taking the dominant group of Amphipoda in the Tibetan Plateau as the research object, focusing on the theme of the impact of climate and environmental change on biodiversity and the response of organisms to environmental change, obtain the species number, distribution and genetic data of Amphipoda in the water system of the Tibetan Plateau and the pan third polar lakes.
HOU Zhonge
This data set comes from shallow marine carbonate sections at Tingri and Gamba, south Tibet. The age of these samples is about 56 Ma (at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary). At Tingri, we studied two parallel sections (13ZS section and 10-11TM section), and at Gamba, we studied one section (11TMG). From the 13ZS section, we analyzed carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions and calcium carbonate content of the whole carbonate rock, as well as the in-situ carbon isotopic compositions and element contents of the foraminifera shell. From the 10-11TM section, we analyzed carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopic compositions of the whole rock. From the 11TMG section, we analyzed carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of the whole carbonate rock. Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of the whole rock were measured by gas isotope mass spectrometer (MAT251), strontium isotope by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), calcium carbonate content by acid dissolution, in-situ carbon isotopic compositions by SIMS, and in-situ element contents by LA-ICPMS. Among these data, in-situ carbon isotope data were obtained from the laboratory of Professor John Valley at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the United States, and the rest are from the relevant laboratories of the Department of Geosciences at the University of Bremen in Germany. Based on these data, we published three peer-reviewed papers on Journals of Gondwana Research, GSA Bulletin, and Global and Planetary Change.
ZHANG Qinghai
This data set is the data set of ecological elements in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from 1990 to 2015. It records the change of area proportion of wetland, grassland, forest land and sand land in 15 prefecture level units in Qinghai and Tibet every five years. The data is excel file, and the spatial resolution is the scale of prefecture level administrative unit. The data is based on the land use type data of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and is obtained by calculating the proportion of wetland, grassland, forest land and sand land in the area of each land unit. The data set can be used for the change analysis and research of ecological elements of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and can provide data support for the study of interaction stress between urbanization and ecological environment.
DU Yunyan, YI Jiawei
This data set contains 2018 global forest fire case data for the whole year and 2019, including the forest fire in California in November 2018, the forest fire in Attica, Greece in July 2018, and the forest fire in Shanxi Province in March 2019. Case data. Specific data include: fire intensity data of the monitoring range and data of vegetation index changes before and after the disaster. The data set is mainly used to describe the occurrence, development, impact and recovery of major global forest fire events in the first half of 2018-2019. The data mainly comes from NASA official website and EM-DAT database, it was processed by statistical and spatial analysis methods using EXCEL and ArcGIS tools. The data source is reliable, the processing method is scientific and rigorous, and it can be effectively applied to global (forest fire) disaster case analysis research.
YANG Yuqing, GONG Adu, WU Jianjun, ZHOU Hongmin
The data set recorded one belt, one road area, 65 countries, and 1990-2015 years' forest area. Data source: Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site. The food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations provides detailed information on forest coverage and estimates the adjusted forest coverage. The current survey uses a unified forest definition. The data reflect one belt, one road, the rich forest resources in the countries along the border, and it is one of the important bases for determining the forest management and development and utilization policy. The dataset contains one data table: forest area (square kilometers).
XU Xinliang
This framework aims to explore the impact of climate change on the fitness of ectotherms. We obtain the morphology, physiology, behavior and life history parameters of the animals by consulting literature and experimental research; then use the microclimate model and global warming data to obtain microclimate data at the current and the end of the century; and then use the biophysical model to calculate adult body temperature and embryonic developmental temperature. We construct a life history mechanism model to calculate the energy budget of the reproductive female and the total energy of the surviving offspring, and assess the vulnerability of ectotherms in each region. The main point of this study is to construct a segmental life history mechanism model for species of two reproductive modes, so that the start time and duration of each life history can be dynamically calculated, and the energy of each life history stage can be calculated by combining energy metabolic and embryonic development models.
ZENG Zhigao
The molecular phylogeny of gammarids was reconstructed based on collections from the Tibetan Plateau. Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh specimens and molecular sequences were acquired by PCR. The phylogeny was reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. Reduced-Representation Genome Sequencing was conducted for 10 individuals per population to explore the population dynamics. Based on the phylogeny of gammarids from the Tibetan Plateau, the effects of climate change will be addressed and the adaptation of gammarids will be discussed. This dataset can be used to evaluate the species diversity and to give a background for biodiversity conservation.
HOU Zhonge
This framework aims to improve the predicting power of species distribution models through testing models using demographic history since Last Glacial Maximum. By building species distribution models based on different combinations of environmental variables, and then comparing with current distributions, different scenarios of demographic histories can be generated. These scenarios will be compared with demographic history which reconstructed using genetic data. In this way, the best environmental variables combination can be determined. Then, building species distribution model using the chosen environmental variables combination will have more predicting power in predicting distribution changes in the future.
CHE Jing
The data set was obtained from the background survey of wildlife diversity in Three River Source National Park by Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The time range of the data set is 2017, and the survey area is Three River Source National Park. The survey species include a variety of rare wildlife such as Equus kiang, Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes, Cervus elaphus, Accipiter nisus, Phoenicurus erythrogastrus, Prionailurus bengalensis, Buteo hemilasius, Procapra picticaudata, Tetraogallus tibetanus, Perdix hodgsoniae, Falco cherrug, etc.
ZHANG Tongzuo
This data set comprises several great achievements of vertebrate paleontology of Tibetan Plateau in the Recent three years. Wang et al. (2016) reported Protovis himalayensis gen. et sp. nov., suggest that the Tibetan Plateau, possibly including Tianshan-Altai, represents the ancestral home range(s) of mountain sheep and that these basal stocks were the ultimate source of all extant species. Li et al. (2017) reported two new hamster species: Nannocricetus qiui and Aepyocricetus liui, indicated that the dispersal of these hamsters into the high-elevation portions of Tibet during the early Pliocene contrasts with the hypothesized biogeographic shift of several large mammal lineages out of Tibet. Wu et al. (2017) reported Eoanabas thibetana gen. et sp. nov., suggests an elevation of North Tibet in late Oligocene was ca. 1,000 m, conflict with conclusions of a high and dry Tibet claimed by some recent and influential palaeoaltimetry studies. The data is from pictures of materials of research achievement above. These lead research on Tibetan Plateau to some new ways.
WU Feixiang
In May and September 2018, fish in Tibetan lakes were collected by net-catching and electric-catching methods. The sampling range from east to west can be roughly summarized into three areas: the Qiangtang Plateau in northern Tibet, southern Tibet and the angle between Kunlun Mountains and Karakoram Mountains. A total of 27 lakes have captured fish. The specimens include more than 2,000 specimens of the genus Triplophysa and more than 600 specimens of subfamily Schizothoracinae. This work is a part of the project of “Building Methods for Detection of Aquatic Organisms in the Lake System of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau”, using traditional fish survey data to generate a list of species in the lake system, which will then be used to combine multiple lakes in Medog and the plateaus. High-throughput molecular data acquired from the system's environmental water samples and tested for visual parameters (lake size, isolation, geographic location, and spectral characteristics) that can be used to predict aquatic biodiversity.
LIU Shuwei
This dataset comprises fossil specimens of Cenozoic mammal collected from Tibetan Plateau and surrounding area, such as Suerkal Basin in A-erh-chin Mountains, Tabenbuluk in Gansu Province, during 2018-04-01 to 2018-10-01. Most of the specimens were collected in surface of section, part were excavated from shallow strata. All of the specimens were sent to Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, cleaned by technician and photographed with digital camera. The specimens are well-preserved and can be easily observed on important characters of the individuals they belong to. The specimens of this data set are all new ones unstudied, and very important for research on mammalian evolution and reconstruction of paleoecology and paleoenvironment in Tibetan Plateau and surrounding area.
WU Feixiang
Based on fieldworks of the Tibetan Plateau and the Pan-Third Pole from 2000 to 2018, the species diversity and distribution database of gammarids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) was built. Gammarids are pilot species in alpine lakes and suitable to serve as indicators for climate change. In order to understand how climate change and geological events influence the diversification of specie and how, in turn, animals adapt to ecological changes, the richness of species and related ecological and distributional data were collected. The species were identified according to the book of Fauna Sinica Crustacea Amphipoda Gammaridea III. The species diversity and distribution patterns were analyzed based on this dataset. This dataset can be used to evaluate the species diversity and to give a background for biodiversity conservation.
HOU Zhonge
The birds along the Zhamo Highway in Medog and Bome counties are investigated by mist net method and point count method. According to the 400-meter elevation span, elevation transects were set up in the survey area. Four elevation transects are set up in the north slope from Gangcun to Galong Temple in Bome County, from low to high, and nine elevation transects are set up in the south slope from Jiefang Bridge to Galongla in Medog County. So that we can make a breakthrough understanding the formation and maintenance mechanism of bird diversity in this region. The data of bird diversity and distribution will be used to further explore the key scientific issues such as the impact of climate change on bird diversity and adaptation strategies, and the response and protection strategies of bird species diversity under the global climate change.
DONG Feng
Based on previous herpetological surveys of Xizang plateau from 2010-2018, we collected additional information that included population size, diversity and distribution range for specific amphibian and reptile groups. We selected species belonging to genera Ranidae, Megophryidae, Rhacophoridae, Dicroglossidae, Gekkonidae, Agamidae, Colubridae as model species for study. Following species’ response to environmental changes, we obtained data on population size and distribution range. Our study therefore serves as guide for assessment of biodiversity pattern and mapping out key areas of conservation in Xizang plateau.
CHE Jing
Based on our field works in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) from 2008 to 2018, and combining data from previous studies, we obtained genetic data of all widely distributed amphibian and reptile species in QTP. Meanwhile, our data covered the whole ranges of all the species. To answer the question: ‘How climatic changes influenced animals of QTP?’, we rebuild the demographic history and analyzed how Quaternary climatic changes impacted animals. Then, we identified the locations of refugia. After constructing spatial pattern of genetic diversity, we identified genetic hotspots which needs more conservation effects. These results are important in biodiversity conservation in QTP.
CHE Jing
To analyzing the demographic history and the genetic mechanism underlying local adaptation of the domestic Equus animals in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding regions and building a genetic resources bank of Equus in Pan-Third Pole, we resequenced 236 domestic Equus animal samples collected until 2018, including Tibet horse, Tibet ass, domestic horses and donkeys in the plains. By applying mitochondrial DNA sequencing and D-loop sequencing on 75 samples, including 73 ass and two horses, , a batch of genetic and genome data were generated. It provides basic genetic data to analysis on domestication, immigration and expansion of domestic animals in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Meanwhile it helps better understand the adaption of domestic Equus animal to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau environment.
LI Yan
In the year of 2018, we collected the samples at Taxkorgan county, Kashgar district, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China. Taxkorgan county is where the Pamir Plateau located in China. Nearly all this county is on the plateau. The average elevation of this county is more the 4000 m above the sea level. And the lowest part of the county is 3100 m above the sea level. In total, 204 samples were collected in Pamir Plateau this time. The samples collected from several different species which including cattle, yak, sheep, goat, donkey, horse and chicken. Each samples have 3-4 repetitions. For each animal, we recorded the id number, species, sex, date of sample collection, GPS coordination and elevation. Also three mateched images, i.e. from head, hoof or feet and whole body, were took for each animal. All the samples taken from the animal are the blood samples. They were keep into the refrigerator until they were finally tranfered and stored in the germplasm recourses bank.
XU Feng, WANG Muyang
To analyzing the distribution pattern and genetic background of domain domestic animals in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding regions and building a genetic resources bank of animals and plants in Pan-Third Pole, we collected 343 domain domestic animal samples in 2018, including Tibet pigs, Tibet dogs, Tibet sheep and Tibet chickens in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet Province. By applying mitochondrial DNA sequencing on 159 chickens from northwest Yunnan and southeast Tibet, genome resequencing on 11 wild and domestic pigs and GBS sequencing on 193 domestic cattle, a batch of genetic and genome data were generated. It provides basic genetic data to analysis on domestication, immigration and expansion of domestic animals in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Meanwhile it helps better understand the adaption of domestic animals to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau environment.
YIN Tingting, PENG Minsheng
From October to November 2018, we used both live traps and camera traps to collect mammal diversity and distributions along the elevational gradients at the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve. Small mammal diversity and abundance were collected at 5 elevational belts range between 2600m and 3500m above sea level, with a total of 2776 live trap nights. We collected 439 individuals and 878 tissue samples of small mammals during the first field sampling. We also located 60 camera traps along elevational gradient range between 1050m and 3960m asl, and plan to collect the camera trapping data in May 2019. Small mammal data consist of richness, abundance, traits, environmental gradients etc, and could be used to model relationship between environmental gradients and traits concatenated by richness matrix. Camera trap data could inventory endangered species in the region, and provide information to identify biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities.
LI Xueyou
Based on "Chinese Animals" (Animalia- Chordata-Reptilia-Lacertilia), "Tibetan Amphibians and Reptiles", Chinese and English literature published between 2000 and 2018, and field surgery in Tibetan Plateau from 2018 to 2019, the species composition and distribution of the lizard species in this area are recorded. The lizards widely distributed in the altitude gradients of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are studied. This study focus on the effects of climate change on biodiversity and the response of ectotherms to environmental change, and aims at obtaining data of the number and distribution of species. The species were identified according to the "Chinese Animals" ( Animalia-Chordata- Reptilia-Lacertilia). The species diversity and distribution pattern were analyzed according to the elevation, latitude and longitude, etc. to provide a theoretical basis for assessing the biodiversity pattern and formulating the conservation strategy.
ZENG Zhigao
By archaeological investigation and excavation in Tibetan Plateau, we discovered 8 Paleolithic sites, including 151, Jiangxigou 1, Jiangxigou 2, Heimahe 1, Xiadawu, Yezere, Niamudi and Lingjiong. In this dataset, there are some basic informations about these sites, such as location, longitude, latitude, altitude, material culture and so on. On this Basis, we identified animal remains, plant macrofossil, selected some samples for radiocarbon dating and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. This dataset provide important basic data for understanding when and how prehistoric human lived in the Tibetan Plateau during the Paleolithic.
ZHANG Dongju , ZHANG Xiaoling, LIU Xiangjun
Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi were tested by nested PCR on domestic animals (405 fecal samples from yaks, Tibetan sheep, camels and horses, etc.) in the areas covered by the qinghai-tibet plateau mainly in Tibet and qinghai.1. The overall infection rate of cryptosporidium was 2.96% (12/405), and the detection rate of camels, Tibetan sheep and yaks in qinghai was divided into 15%, 9.8% and 3.1%.The detection rate of yaks in yunnan was 3.1%.No other domestic animals were found in Tibet or yunnan.Two cryptosporidium subspecies were detected in qinghai camels, among which c. ovis subtype was the first detected in camels.C.ryanae subtype was first detected in yaks in yunnan.The overall detection rate of E. bieneusi in domestic animals in qinghai-tibet plateau was 19.75% (80/405), and a total of 9 known subtypes and a new subtype (YN) were detected.The highest detection rate was for camels (45%) in qinghai, followed by Mongolian sheep (42.1%), yak (37.5%), horse (15.62%) and Tibetan sheep (7.3%).The detection rate of Tibetan sheep in Tibet was 10.8%.The detection rates of goats and cattle in yunnan were 36% and 25.7% respectively.CAM2 subtype was first detected in qinghai horses and CAM1 subtype was first detected in yaks.A new subtype YN was detected in yunnan cattle.
ZHANG Zhichao, DUAN Ziyuan
By archaeological investigation and excavation in Tibetan Plateau, we discovered 14 historic period sites, including Meinuo, Sariguo, Rongwaguo, Kaze, Jiha, Yarigei, Bami, Barongbadang, Qingtu, Labu ,Maisong Petroglyph, Gala, Yezere 1 and Yezere 4 . In this dataset, there are some basic informations about these sites, such as location, longitude, latitude, altitude, material culture and so on. On this Basis, we identified animal remains, plant macrofossil, selected some samples for radiocarbon dating and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. This dataset provide important basic data for understanding when and how prehistoric human lived in the Tibetan Plateau during the historic period.
DONG Guanghui , HOU Guangliang
Based on field surveys in the Tibetan Plateau and the Arid Central Asia from 2007 to 2018, along with strengthened cooperation with domestic and foreign colleagues, the species diversity and distribution database of toad-headed agamas (Phrynocephalus) and racerunner lizards (Eremias) in the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent Alashan Desert was built. The toad-headed agamas and racerunners are excellent representative genera/species to serve as indicators for climate change in Asian interior arid zone. In order to understand how climate change and geological events infulence the diversfication of species, and how, in turn, lizards adapt to ecological changes, the richness of species and related distributional data were collected. The species diversity and distribution patterns may be analysed based on this dataset. This dataset can be used to evaluate the species diversity and to provide a cornerstone for biodiversity conservation.
GUO Xianguang
The sustainable development of husbandry industry depends on the conservation of local species, in which the protection of genetic resource is the core. The unique natural environment and long-term artificial selection shape the exclusive characteristics in endemic husbandry animals that well adapt to the local environments in Qinghai and Gansu Provinces. Currently, the introduction of commercial breeds leads to the loss of species diversity of local breeds and challenges the protection of genetic resources. In the present study, extensive field investigations are conducted to assess production performances and species resources, aiming to identify native breeds facing degradations. The achievements of the current study propose the conservative strategies for local domestic animals, which lay the foundation for purification and rejuvenation of endemic species/strains and promote the progression of husbandry industry in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas.
TIAN Fei
By archaeological investigation and excavation in Tibetan Plateau, we discovered 8 Neolithic and Bronze Age sites, including Gaomuxudi, Duojialiang, Shuikou, Qipanshan, Xinzhai, Canxionggasu, Niaodao, Bangga, Baiyangcun and so on. In this dataset, there are some basic informations about these sites, such as location, longitude, latitude, altitude, material culture and so on. On this Basis, we identified animal remains, plant macrofossil, selected some samples for radiocarbon dating and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. This dataset provide important basic data for understanding when and how prehistoric human lived in the Tibetan Plateau during the Neolithic and Bronze Age.
DONG Guanghui , YANG Xiaoyan, Lü Hongliang
Based on high-throughput sequencing technology, we sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of 671 Tibetan individuals from the Tibetan Plateau. The average sequencing depth is 1000×, covering the whole mitochondrial genome of each sample (100%). Quality control was conducted based on phylogenetic analysis, which has been proven to be of great help in distilling potential problems such as artificial recombination. By combining complete mitogenome data from literature, we analyzed how the genetic landscape of Tibetans established, with special attempts to unravel what kind of factors played the most important roles in this process. Results indicated about 20.98% of Tibetan haplogroups differentiated in Tibetans around 5.2–4.0 ka and originated in northern China from 10–6 ka, well matching the dispersal history of millet agriculture. Estimations further suggested that the frequencies of both haplogroups were much more pronounced (40%–50%) in Tibetans before the massive immigrations onto the TP during the historical period. Our study suggests that the migration of millet farmers from northern China played an important role in shaping the genetic landscape of Tibetans.
KONG Qingpeng
The data set contains the rare animal survey data for the Sanjiangyuan area from 2016 to 2017, including the latitude and longitude of the survey site, the length of the sample line, animal discovery time, animal names, quantity, location of the occurrence, type of habitat, affiliated families, etc.
HU Linyong, ZHANG Tongzuo, ZHANG Tongzuo,
The glacial bacterial resource database of the Tibetan Plateau provides the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of several glaciers, which are seven glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau separated by an experimental group led by Yongqin Liu during 2010 to 2018 (East Rongbuk Glacier of Mt. Qomolangma, Tianshan Glacier No.1, Guliya Glacier, Laohugou Glacier, Muztagh Ata Glacier, Qiyi Glacier and Yuzhufeng Glacier), the Malan Glacier separated by Shurong Xiang and the Puruogangri Glacier separated by Xinfang Zhang. After the glacier samples were collected, they were taken to the Ecological Laboratory of the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing and the National Cryosphere Laboratory in Lanzhou. After applying the spread plate method, the samples were cultured at different temperatures (4-25 °C) for 20 days to 90 days, and single colonies were picked out for purification. After the DNA was extracted from the isolated bacteria, the 16S ribosomal RNA gene fragment was amplified with 27F/1492R primer and sequenced using the Sanger method. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence was compared with the RDP database using the "Classifier" software and identified as level one when the reliability exceeded 80%. These data contain the 16S ribosomal RNA gene fragment sequence and glacier sources of each sequence. Compared with sequences based on high-throughput sequencing, these data have a longer sequence and more accurate classification and can better serve in glacier microbiology research.
JI Mukan
The data set of prokaryotic microorganism distribution in the snow and ice of the Arctic Antarctic and the Tibetan Plateau provides the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence collected by the experimental group led by Yongqin Liu from the NCBI database during 2010 to 2018. The keywords for NCBI database search are Antarctic, Arctic Tibetan, and Glacier. The collected sequences were calculated using the DOTOUR software to obtain the similarities between sequences, the sequences with similarities above 97% were clustered into one OTU, and the OTU representative sequence was defined. The OTU representative sequence was compared with the RDP database by the "Classifier" software and was identified as level one when the reliability exceeded 80%. After acquiring the sequence, the GPS coordinates of the sample were obtained by reading the sample information in the sequence file. These data contain the sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene fragments for each sequence, evolutionary classification, and sample GPS coordinates. Compared with sequences based on high-throughput sequencing, these data have a longer sequence and more accurate classification. It is significant for comparing the evolutionary information of three-pole microorganisms and understanding the evolution of psychrophilic microorganisms.
JI Mukan
The data set of bacterial diversity in Tibetan soil provides the microbial distribution characteristics of the soil surface (0-2 cm) of the Tibetan Plateau. The samples were collected from July 1st to July 15th, 2015, from three types of ecosystems: meadows, grasslands and desert. The soil samples were stored in ice packs and transported to the Ecological Laboratory of the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research in Beijing. The DNA from the soil was extracted using an MO BIO Power Soil DNA kit. The soil surface samples were stored in liquid nitrogen after collection, shipped to the Sydney laboratory, and then extracted using a Fast Prep DNA kit. The extracted DNA samples adopted 515F (5'-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3') and 909r (5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3') to amplify the 16S rRNA gene fragments. The amplified fragments were sequenced by the Illumina Miseq PE250 method, and the raw data were analyzed using Mothur software. The sequences with poor sequencing quality were first removed; the sequences were sorted, and the chimeric sequences were removed. The similarities between the sequences were then calculated, the sequences with similarities above 97% were clustered into one OTU, and the OTU representative sequence was defined. The OTU representative sequence was compared with the Silva database and identified as level one when the reliability exceeded 80%. The microbial diversities in these data on the Tibetan Plateau were systematically compared, which made them significant to the study of the microbial distribution on the Tibetan Plateau.
JI Mukan
The Antarctic and Arctic bacterial distribution data set provides distribution characteristics of bacteria in the Arctic and Antarctic. The collection period of the samples was from December 13,2005, to December 8,2006; 52 samples were obtained from 3 Arctic regions (Spitsbergen Slijeringa, Spitsbergen Vestpynten, and Alexandra Fjord_Highlands), and 171 samples were obtained from 5 Antarctic regions (the Mitchell Peninsula, Casey station main Power house, Robinsons Ridge, Herring Island, and Browning Peninsula). The soil surface samples were stored in liquid nitrogen after collection, shipped to a Sydney laboratory, and extracted using the FastPrep DNA kit. The extracted DNA samples were processed by 27F (5'-GAGTTTGATCNTGGCTCA-3' and 519R (5'-GTNTTACNGCGGCKGCTG-3') to amplify the 16S rRNA gene fragments. The amplified fragments were sequenced by the 454 method, and the raw data were analyzed by Mothur software. First, the sequences with poor sequencing quality were removed, the sequences were then sorted, and the chimera sequences were removed. The similarities between the sequences were calculated, the sequences with similarities above 97% were clustered into one OTU, and the OTU representative sequence was defined. By comparison with the Silva database, the OTU sequences with reliabilities greater than 80% were identified as level one. This data system compared the diversity of microorganisms in the eastern Antarctic with that in the Arctic and is of great significance for the study of the distributions of microorganisms in the Antarctic and Arctic.
JI Mukan
Microbial diversity data of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. One hundred and thirty-eight samples were collected from July 1st to July 15th, 2015, from 28 lakes (Bamco, Baima Lake, Bange Salt Lake, Bangong Lake, Bengco, Bieruozeco, Cuoeco, Cuoe (Pingcuo North), Dawaco, Dangqiongco, Dangreyongco, Dongco, Eyacuoqiong, Gongzhuco, Guogenco, Jiarebuco, Mapangyongco, Namco, Nieerco (Salt Lake), Normaco, Pengyanco, Pengco, Qiangyong, Selinco, Wuruco, Wumaco, Zharinanmuco, and Zhaxico). The salinity gradients range from 0.07-118 ppm. The DNA extraction method: The DNA was extracted using an MO BIO PowerSoil DNA kit after the lake water was filtered onto a 0.45 membrane. The 16S rRNA gene fragment amplification primers were 515F (5'-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3') and 909r (5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3'). The sequencing method was Illumina MiSeq PE250, and the raw data were analyzed by Mothur software, including quality filtering and chimera removal. The sequence classification was based on the Silva109 database, and archaea, eukaryotic and unknown source sequences have been removed. OTUs were classified by 97% similarity, and sequences that appear once in the database were then removed. Finally, each sample was resampled to 7,230 sequences/sample. GPS coordinates, evolutionary information, and environmental factors are listed in the data.
JI Mukan
1. The grassland animal husbandry production and management policies in the study area from 1954 to 2012 mainly include: 1) the time series of the formation and evolution of various policies; 2) the key policies related to herdsman's livestock activities and grassland management and utilization. 2. Residents' perception and response to pastoral socio-economic development policies, grassland management systems, ecological compensation policies, ecological restoration projects, and ecological environment status quo.
ZHAO Chengzhang
Taking Landsat series data as the main data source, including KH in 1965 (only including Gurinai and Guaizi Lake), MSS in 1975, TM in 1990, 1995, 2006 and 2010, and ETM in 2000. Before information extraction, remote sensing images are preprocessed by image synthesis, mosaic, fusion, geometric correction and image enhancement. In the process of correction, ETM + image in 2000 is corrected by 1:100000 topographic map and used as reference image. The 4, 3 and 2 band standard pseudocolor synthesis scheme is selected for image synthesis; during correction, 7 × 8 control points are evenly selected on each image, and the average positioning error is less than 1 pixel, that is, the ground distance is less than 30m. In other years, the datum image of 2000 is used as the reference image for image registration, so that the pixels with the same name on different images have the same geographical coordinates. After correction and registration, the whole image maintains the 30 m spatial resolution of TM. Through field correction, the accuracy of qualitative analysis can be ensured to be over 95%.
XIAO Shengchun
Contact Support
Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS
0931-4967287
poles@itpcas.ac.cn
Links
National Tibetan Plateau Data CenterFollow Us
A Big Earth Data Platform for Three Poles © 2018-2020 No.05000491 | All Rights Reserved
｜ 
No.11010502040845
Tech Support: westdc.cn
