This dataset contains the flux measurements from site No.8 eddy covariance system (EC) in the flux observation matrix from 28 May to 21 September, 2012. The site (100.37649° E, 38.87254° N) was located in a cropland (maize surface) in Yingke irrigation district, which is near Zhangye, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1550.06 m. The EC was installed at a height of 3.2 m; the sampling rate was 10 Hz. The sonic anemometer faced north, and the separation distance between the sonic anemometer and the CO2/H2O gas analyzer (CSAT3&Li7500) was 0.15 m. Raw data acquired at 10 Hz were processed using the Edire post-processing software (University of Edinburgh, http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/abs/research/micromet/EdiRe/), including spike detection, lag correction of H2O/CO2 relative to the vertical wind component, sonic virtual temperature correction, coordinate rotation (2-D rotation), corrections for density fluctuation (Webb-Pearman-Leuning correction), and frequency response correction. The EC data were subsequently averaged over 30 min periods. Moreover, the observation data quality was divided into three classes according to the quality assessment method of stationarity (Δst) and the integral turbulent characteristics test (ITC), which was proposed by Foken and Wichura [1996]: class 1 (level 0: Δst<30 and ITC<30), class 2 (level 1: Δst<100 and ITC<100), and class 3 (level 2: Δst>100 and ITC>100), representing high-, medium-, and low-quality data, respectively. In addition to the above processing steps, the half-hourly flux data were screened in a four-step procedure: (1) data from periods of sensor malfunction were rejected; (2) data before or after 1 h of precipitation were rejected; (3) incomplete 30 min data were rejected when the missing data constituted more than 3% of the 30 min raw record; and (4) data were rejected at night when the friction velocity (u*) was less than 0.1 m/s. There were 48 records per day; the missing data were replaced with -6999. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. The released data contained the following variables: data/time, wind direction (Wdir, °), wind speed (Wnd, m/s), the standard deviation of the lateral wind (Std_Uy, m/s), virtual temperature (Tv, ℃), H2O mass density (H2O, g/m^3), CO2 mass density (CO2, mg/m^3), friction velocity (ustar, m/s), stability (z/L), sensible heat flux (Hs, W/m^2), latent heat flux (LE, W/m^2), carbon dioxide flux (Fc, mg/ (m^2s)), quality assessment of the sensible heat flux (QA_Hs), quality assessment of the latent heat flux (QA_LE), and quality assessment of the carbon flux (QA_Fc). In this dataset, the time of 0:30 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:30; the data were stored in *.xlsx format. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Xu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
The dataset of LST (land surface temperature) observed by the thermal camera (ThermaCAM SC2000 and ThermaCAM S60) at 24°×18° was obtained in the Yingke oasis, Huazhaizi desert steppe and Linze grassland foci experimental areas on May 20, 24,28 and 30, Jun. 1, 4, 16 and 29, Jul. 7, 8 and 11, 2008. Meanwhile, the optical photos were acquired in Yingke oasis maize field, Huazhaizi desert No. 1 and 2 plots, Huazhaizi desert maize field and Linze grassland. The dataset of ground truth measurement was synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner), OMIS-II, Landsat TM and ASTER.
HE Tao, KANG Guoting, REN Huazhong, YAN Guangkuo, WANG Haoxing, WANG Tianxing, LI Hua, Liu Qiang, XIA Chuanfu, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, CHEN Shaohui, YANG Tianfu
The No. 5 hydrological section is located at Ban Bridge (100.276° E, 39.259° N, 1398 m) in the midstream of the Heihe River Basin, Zhangye city, Gansu Province. The dataset contains observations recorded by the No.5 hydrological section from 19 June, 2012, to 10 August, 2012. The width of this section is 270 meters. The water level was measured using an HOBO pressure range and the discharge was measured using cross-section reconnaissance by the StreamPro ADCP. The dataset includes the following parameters: water level (recorded every 30 minutes) and discharge. The missing and incorrect (outside the normal range) data were replaced with -6999. For more information, please refer to Li et al. (2013) (for hydrometeorological observation network or sites information), He et al. (2016) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
HE Xiaobo, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
On 29 June 2012 (UTC+8), a CASI/SASI sensor carried by the Harbin Y-12 aircraft was used in a visible near Infrared hyperspectral airborne remote sensing experiment, which is located in the observation experimental area (30×30 km). The relative flight altitude is 3500 meters（an elevation of 3500 meters）, The wavelength of CASI and SASI is 380-1050 nm and 950-2450 nm, respectively. The spatial resolution of CASI and SASI is 1 m and 2.4 m, respectively. Through the ground sample points and atmospheric data, the data are recorded in reflectance processed by geometric correction and atmospheric correction based on 6S model.
XIAO Qing, Wen Jianguang
The albedo product was obtained based on the visible and near-infrared hyperspectral radiometer (29 June, 2012) which covered the artificial oasis eco-hydrology experimental area (5.5 km*5.5 km)with a 5 m spatial resolution.
XIAO Qing, Wen Jianguang
This dataset contains the flux measurements from site No.6 eddy covariance system (EC) in the flux observation matrix from 28 May to 21 September, 2012. The site (100.35970° E, 38.87116° N) was located in a cropland (maize surface) in Yingke irrigation district, which is near Zhangye, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1562.97 m. The EC was installed at a height of 4.6 m; the sampling rate was 10 Hz. The sonic anemometer faced north, and the separation distance between the sonic anemometer and the CO2/H2O gas analyzer (CSAT3&Li7500A) was 0.15 m. Raw data acquired at 10 Hz were processed using the Edire post-processing software (University of Edinburgh, http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/abs/research/micromet/EdiRe/), including spike detection, lag correction of H2O/CO2 relative to the vertical wind component, sonic virtual temperature correction, coordinate rotation (2-D rotation), corrections for density fluctuation (Webb-Pearman-Leuning correction), and frequency response correction. The EC data were subsequently averaged over 30 min periods. Moreover, the observation data quality was divided into three classes according to the quality assessment method of stationarity (Δst) and the integral turbulent characteristics test (ITC), which was proposed by Foken and Wichura [1996]: class 1 (level 0: Δst<30 and ITC<30), class 2 (level 1: Δst<100 and ITC<100), and class 3 (level 2: Δst>100 and ITC>100), representing high-, medium-, and low-quality data, respectively. In addition to the above processing steps, the half-hourly flux data were screened in a four-step procedure: (1) data from periods of sensor malfunction were rejected; (2) data before or after 1 h of precipitation were rejected; (3) incomplete 30 min data were rejected when the missing data constituted more than 3% of the 30 min raw record; and (4) data were rejected at night when the friction velocity (u*) was less than 0.1 m/s. There were 48 records per day; the missing data were replaced with -6999. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. The released data contained the following variables: data/time, wind direction (Wdir, °), wind speed (Wnd, m/s), the standard deviation of the lateral wind (Std_Uy, m/s), virtual temperature (Tv, ℃), H2O mass density (H2O, g/m^3), CO2 mass density (CO2, mg/m^3), friction velocity (ustar, m/s), stability (z/L), sensible heat flux (Hs, W/m^2), latent heat flux (LE, W/m^2), carbon dioxide flux (Fc, mg/ (m^2s)), quality assessment of the sensible heat flux (QA_Hs), quality assessment of the latent heat flux (QA_LE), and quality assessment of the carbon flux (QA_Fc). In this dataset, the time of 0:30 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:30; the data were stored in *.xlsx format. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Xu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LI Xin, XU Ziwei
This data is the simulation data of land use changes using Dyna-CLUE model under multiple scenarios in Heihe River Basin. The time period is 1986-2030, 1986 is the actual reference data, and 1987-2030 is the simulation data. Scenarios include historical trend scenarios, ecological protection scenarios, strict ecological protection scenarios, economic development scenarios and rapid economic development scenarios. Dyna-CLUE model is used to simulate different scenarios. Data format is Arc ASCII format.
NAN Zhuotong
The No. 8 hydrological section is located at Gaotai Heihe River Bridge (N39° 23′22.93 ″, E 99° 49′37.29″, 1347 m a.s.l.) in the midstream of the Heihe River Basin, Zhangye city, Gansu Province. The dataset contains observations recorded by the No.8 hydrological section from 17 June, 2012, to 31 December, 2013. The width of this section is 210 meters. The water level was measured using an SR50 ultrasonic range and the discharge was measured using cross-section reconnaissance by the StreamPro ADCP. The dataset includes the following parameters: water level (recorded every 30 minutes) and discharge. The missing and incorrect (outside the normal range) data were replaced with -6999. For more information, please refer to Li et al. (2013) (for hydrometeorological observation network or sites information), He et al. (2016) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
HE Xiaobo, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
This dataset includes two reference images. The first one is before the calibration and validation experiment and the second one is during the calibration and validation experiment. The first image was shoot and mosaicked by CCD camera on 8 November, 2011. It was mainly used to design the experiment in the middle stream. The spatial resolution is 0.3 m for raw image and 0.5 m for the mosaicked image. The second reference image is CASI image shoot on 29 June, 2012. This image is mainly used to crop structure mapping in the experiment area. The spatial resolution is 0.3 m for raw image and 0.5 m for the mosaicked image. Data format：GeoTIFF Projection：The 2000 national geodetic coordinate system
MA Mingguo
On 19 August 2012, a Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner boarded on the Y-12 aircraft was used to obtain the Lidar point cloud data. Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner has unlimited numbers of returns intensities measurements including the first, second, third return intensities. The wavelength of laser light is 1064 nm. The absolute flight altitude is 2900 m with the point cloud density 1 point per square meter. Aerial LiDAR-DEM was obtained through parameter calibration, automatic classification of point cloud density and manual editing.
XIAO Qing, Wen Jianguang
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with ALOS PALSAR was obtained in the Linze grassland foci experimental area on Jun. 10, 2008. The data were in FBS mode and HH/HV polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 23:39 BJT. Observations were carried out in plots A, B, C, D and E, which were divided into 6×6 subsites, with each one spanning a 120×120 m2 plot. Soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by the cutting ring and the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer were measured in A, B and C; the soil temperature, soil moisture, the loss tangent, soil conductivity, the real part and the imaginary part of soil complex permittivity by the POGO soil sensor, and the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer in D and E. Data were archived in Excel file. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
BAI Yanfen, CAO Yongpan, GE Chunmei, HU Xiaoli, WANG Shuguo, Wang Weizhen, WU Yueru, ZHU Shijie, FENG Lei
The aim of the simultaneous observation of river surface temperature is obtaining the river surface temperature of different places, while the sensor of thermal infrared go into the experimental areas of artificial oases eco-hydrology on the middle stream. All the river surface temperature data will be used for validation of the retrieved river surface temperature from thermal infrared sensor and the analysis of the scale effect of the river surface temperature, and finally serve for the validation of the plausibility checks of the surface temperature product from remote sensing. 1. Observation sites and other details Ten river sections were chosen to observe surface temperature simultaneously in the midstream of Heihe River Basin on 3 July and 4 July, 2012, including Sunan Bridge, Binhe new area, Heihe Bridge, Railway Bridge, Wujiang Bridge, Gaoya Hydrologic Station, Banqiao, Pingchuan Bridge, Yi’s Village, Liu’s Bridge. Self-recording point thermometers (observed once every 6 seconds) were used in Railway Bridge and Gaoya Hydrologic Station while handheld infrared thermometers (observed once of the river section temperature for every 15 minutes) were used in other eight places. 2. Instrument parameters and calibration The field of view of the self-recording point thermometer and the handheld infrared thermometer are 10 and 1 degree, respectively. The emissivity of the latter was assumed to be 0.95. All instruments were calibrated on 6 July, 2012 using black body during observation. 3. Data storage All the observation data were stored in excel.
HE Xiaobo, Jia Shuzhen
This data is a vegetation map of the upper reaches of Yingluoxia in the main stream of Heihe River, with a scale of 1:100,000 and an area of about 10,000 square kilometers. The data format is GIS vector format, which meets the data input requirements of eco-hydrological model. Map modification is still needed before publication. This version is version 2.0, and it is to be modified after compared with the survey data of the upstream sample belts of Heihe Project. Based on the "1:1 million Chinese Vegetation Map", the altitude, aspect and other terrains of the upper reaches of the Heihe River (based on ASTER GDEM) are analyzed in detail, combined with field survey data, literature, TM, ETM+ images, and Google Earth, etc., and with the optimization of the group boundary of "1:1 million Chinese Vegetation Map", this data is obtained. This data adjusts the type boundary of the 1:1 million vegetation map to a large extent, and is much more consistent with the altitude and aspect. This data can be directly used and edited in Arc GIS and its compatible software.
ZHENG Yuanrun
This dataset contains the flux measurements from the Zhangye wetland station eddy covariance system (EC) in the middle reaches of the Heihe hydrometeorological observation network from 15 September, 2012, to 21 November, 2013. The site (100.446° E, 38.975° N) was located in the desert steppe surface, near Zhangye city in Gansu Province. The elevation is 1460 m. The EC was installed at a height of 5.2 m, and the sampling rate was 10 Hz. The sonic anemometer faced north, and the separation distance between the sonic anemometer and the CO2/H2O gas analyzer (Gill&Li7500A) was 0.25 m. The raw data acquired at 10 Hz were processed using the Eddypro post-processing software (Li-Cor Company, http://www.licor.com/env/products/eddy_covariance/software.html), including the spike detection, lag correction of H2O/CO2 relative to the vertical wind component, sonic virtual temperature correction, coordinate rotation (2-D rotation), corrections for density fluctuation (Webb-Pearman-Leuning correction), and frequency response correction. The EC data were subsequently averaged over 30 min periods. The observation data quality was divided into three classes according to the quality assessment method of stationarity (Δst) and the integral turbulent characteristics test (ITC), as proposed by Foken and Wichura [1996]: class 1 (level 0: Δst<30 and ITC<30), class 2 (level 1: Δst<100 and ITC<100), and class 3 (level 2: Δst>100 and ITC>100), which represent high-, medium-, and low-quality data, respectively. In addition to the above processing steps, the half-hourly flux data were screened using a four-step procedure: (1) data from periods of sensor malfunction were rejected; (2) data collected before or after 1 h of precipitation were rejected; (3) incomplete 30 min data were rejected when the missing data constituted more than 3% of the 30 min raw record; and (4) data were rejected at night when the friction velocity (u*) was less than 0.1 m/s. There were 48 records per day, and the missing data were replaced with -6999. Suspicious data were marked in red. Due to the calibration of CO2/H2O gas analyzer and CF card storage problem, data during 28 May to 30 May, and 21 November to 31 December, 2013 were missing. The released data contained the following variables: data/time, wind direction (Wdir, °), wind speed (Wnd, m/s), the standard deviation of the lateral wind (Std_Uy, m/s), virtual temperature (Tv, ℃), H2O mass density (H2O, g/m^3), CO2 mass density (CO2, mg/m^3), friction velocity (ustar, m/s), stability (z/L), sensible heat flux (Hs, W/m^2), latent heat flux (LE, W/m^2), carbon dioxide flux (Fc, mg/ (m^2s)), quality assessment of the sensible heat flux (QA_Hs), quality assessment of the latent heat flux (QA_LE), and quality assessment of the carbon flux (QA_Fc). In this dataset, the time of 0:30 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:30; the data were stored in *.xls format. For more information, please refer to Li et al. (2013) (for hydrometeorological observation network or sites information), Liu et al. (2011) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission and Envisat ASAR was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area on Jul. 11, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire CCD, MIR and TIR band data. The data were in AP mode and VV/VH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 11:26 BJT. The simultaneous ground data included the following items: (1) soil moisture (0-5cm) measured once by the cutting ring method at the corner points of the 40 subplots of the west-east desert transit zone strip , once by the cutting ring method in the nine subplots of the north-south desert transit zone, nine times in the LY06 and LY07 strips quadrates,and once by the cutting ring and once by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer in the Wulidun farmland. The preprocessed soil volumetric moisture data were archived as Excel files. (2) the surface radiative temperature measured by three handheld infrared thermometer (5# and 6# from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, and one from Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, which were all calibrated) in LY06 and LY07 strips (49 points and repeated three times), and Wulidun farmland quadrates (various points and repeated three times). Data were archived as Excel files. (3) spectrum of maize, soil and soil with known moisture measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU and the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter) in Wulidun farmland. Raw spectral data were binary files , which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance (by ViewSpecPro) were archived as Excel files. (4) maize BRDF measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter), two observation platforms of BNU make and one of Institute of Remote Sensing Applications make in Wulidun farmland. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance and transmittivity were archived as text files (.txt). (5) LAI measured in the maize quadrate, poplar quadrate and desert scrub quadrate in Wulidun farmland, the desert transit zone strips and the poplar forest quadrate by the fisheye camera (CANON EOS40D with a lens of EF15/28), shooting straight downwards, with exceptions of higher plants, which were shot upwards. Data included original photos (.JPG) and those processed by can_eye5.0 (in excel). (6) LAI of maize measured by LAI2000 in Linze station quadrates and Wulidun farmland quadrates. Data educed from LAI2000 periodically were archived as text files (.txt) and marked with one ID. Raw data (table of word and txt) and processed data (Excel) were included. Besides, observation time, the observation method and the repetition were all archived. (7) LAI measured by the ruler and the set square in B2 and B3 of Linze station quadrates. Data were archived as Excel files. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
YU Yingjie, DING Songchuang, SONG Yi, WANG Yang, YAN Qiaodi, ZHU Shijie, XIE Tingting, JIANG Hao, LI Shihua, LIU Jun
During the period of middle stream experiment in 2012, closed chamber and gas chromatography method was used to measure soil respiration of different land surface, including farmland, orchard, wetland, sparse grassland (Huazhaizi), Gobi, desert. Instrument: Assimilation Chamber Measuring method: Assimilation chamber consists of two parts: the base and the box. Base made of PVC material, the bottom buried in the soil. The box is made of stainless steel cubes, with one open side. When measuring the box cover on the base, air in the box was sampled using injector. The extracted air was injected into the gas sampling bag, and shipped back to the laboratory analysis of the concentration of CO2 by gas chromatography in Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences. Using the difference of concentration of CO2 at two times to calculate soil respiration. Each measurement points are located three repeat. After five minutes sealed box cover start mining the 1st sample, and then taken once every sample interval of 10 minutes, four times in total mining. Date content: Data content includes header information and once every 10 days three times repeated observations and the average of the three times. Measuring location: Gobi (Bajitan Gobi station), Wetland (Zhangye wetland Station), Sparse grassland (Huazhaizi desert steppe Station), Desert (Shenshawo sandy desert Station), Orchard (site No.17 eddy covariance system), Maize Farmland (Daman Superstation) Measuring time: 16-6-2012, 28-6-2012, 9-7-2012, 18-7-2012, 30-7-2012, 11-8-2012, 21-8-2012, 2-9-2012, 13-9-2012, 22-9-2012 (UTC+8).
MA Mingguo, LI Xianglan
On 25 July 2012, Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner carried by the Harbin Y-12 aircraft was used in a LiDAR airborne optical remote sensing experiment. Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner has unlimited numbers of returns intensities measurements including the first, second ,third return intensities. The wavelength of laser light is 1064 nm. The absolute flight altitude is 4800 m with the point cloud density 1 points per square meter. Airborne LiDAR-DEM and DSM data production were obtained through parameter calibration, automatic classification of point cloud density and manual editing.
XIAO Qing, Wen Jianguang
The dataset of airborne microwave radiometers (K&Ka) mission was obtained in the Binggou watershed flight zone on Mar. 30, 2008. The frequency of K bands was 18.7 GHz at the nadir view angle without polarization; and the frequency of Ka band was 36.0 GHz with the scanning angle range ±12°. The plane took off at Zhangye airport at 12:43 (BJT) and landed at 15:44, along the scheduled 11 lines at the altitude about 5000m and speed about 220-250km/hr. The raw data include microwave radiometer (L&K) data and GPS data; K band was instantaneous non-imaging observation recorded in text, which will be converted into brightness temperatures according to the calibration coefficients (filed with raw data together) and Ka band was recorded hex text, and the latter are aircraft longitude, latitude and attitude. Moreover, based on the respective real-time clock log, observations by the microwave radiometer and GPS can be integrated to offer coordinates matching for the former. Yaw, flip, and pitch motions of aircraft were ignored due to the low resolution of microwave radiometer observations. Observation information can also be rasterized, as required, after calibration and coordinates matching. K band resolution (x) and footprint can be approximately estimated as x=0.3H (H is relative flight height); for Ka the resolution was 39m.
WANG Shuguo, WANG Xufeng, CHE Tao, ZHAO Kai, JIN Jinan, XIAO Qing, Liu Qiang
The dataset of airborne imaging spectrometer (OMIS-II) mission was obtained in the Zhangye-Yingke-Huazhaizi flight zone on Jun. 16, 2008. Data after radiometric correction and calibration and geometric approximate correction were released. The flying time of each route was as follows: {| ! id ! flight ! file ! starttime ! lat ! long ! alt ! image linage ! endtime ! lat ! long ! alt |- | 1 || 3-1 || 2008-06-16_14-26-53_DATA.BSQ || 14:44:01 || 38.992 || 100.446 || 3250.7 || 6698 || 14:51:28 || 38.744 || 100.286 || 3237.7 |- | 2 || 3-2 || 2008-06-16_14-52-37_DATA.BSQ || 14:55:47 || 38.731 || 100.284 || 3214.9 || 7202 || 15:03:47 || 38.981 || 100.445 || 3237.6 |- | 3 || 3-3 || 2008-06-16_15-04-57_DATA.BSQ || 15:09:29 || 38.989 || 100.457 || 3230.2 || 6740 || 15:16:58 || 38.739 || 100.297 || 3236.0 |- | 4 || 3-4 || 2008-06-16_15-18-07_DATA.BSQ || 15:21:19 || 38.728 || 100.296 || 3200.6 || 7256 || 15:29:23 || 38.979 || 100.457 || 3170.8 |- | 5 || 3-5 || 2008-06-16_15-30-32_DATA.BSQ || 15:35:06 || 38.983 || 100.466 || 3221.9 || 6627 || 15:42:28 || 38.736 || 100.307 || 3227.9 |- | 6 || 3-6 || 2008-06-16_15-43-37_DATA.BSQ || 15:47:39 || 38.726 || 100.308 || 3249.2 || 7013 || 15:55:27 || 38.975 || 100.467 || 3219.1 |- | 7 || 3-7 || 2008-06-16_15-56-36_DATA.BSQ || 16:00:46 || 38.981 || 100.476 || -1.0 || 6639 || 16:08:09 || 38.732 || 100.317 || 3276.8 |- | 8 || 3-8 || 2008-06-16_16-09-18_DATA.BSQ || 16:13:15 || 38.723 || 100.317 || 3212.7 || 7106 || 16:21:09 || 38.973 || 100.479 || 3216.1 |- | 9 || 3-9 || 2008-06-16_16-22-18_DATA.BSQ || 16:26:28 || 38.981 || 100.490 || 3218.6 || 6850 || 16:34:05 || 38.725 || 100.325 || 3235.9 |- | 10 || 3-10 || 2008-06-16_16-35-14_DATA.BSQ || 16:39:23 || 38.716 || 100.326 || 3261.3 || 7056 || 16:47:14 || 38.967 || 100.488 || 3208.4 |- | 11 || 3-11 || 2008-06-16_16-48-23_DATA.BSQ || 16:52:44 || 38.976 || 100.501 || 3204.8 || 6902 || 17:00:24 || 38.725 || 100.338 || 3230.1 |- | 12 || 3-12 || 2008-06-16_17-01-33_DATA.BSQ || 17:05:19 || 38.710 || 100.336 || 3253.8 || 7033 || 17:13:08 || 38.965 || 100.500 || 3225.6 |- | 13 || 3-13 || 2008-06-16_17-14-17_DATA.BSQ || 17:19:01 || 38.973 || 100.511 || 3224.8 || 6831 || 17:26:36 || 38.722 || 100.349 || 3230.1 |- | 14 || 3-14 || 2008-06-16_17-27-46_DATA.BSQ || 17:32:06 || 38.706 || 100.346 || 3233.7 || 3235 || 17:35:44 || 38.830 || 100.426 || 3235.1 |- | 15 || 3-15 || 2008-06-16_17-36-54_DATA.BSQ || 17:35:51 || 38.8334 || 100.428 || 3235.8 || 3625 || 17:39:52 || 38.963 || 100.511 || 3250.6 |}
Liu Liangyun, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with Landsat TM was obtained in the Biandukou foci experimental area from 11:10-13:30 on Mar. 17, 2008. Those provide reliable ground data for objects modelling and background modelling, remote sensing image simulation and scaling. Simultaneous with the satellite overpass, numerous ground data were collected, spectrum (ASD Fieldspec FRTM (Boulder, Co, USA), 350nm-2500nm, 3nm for the visible near-infrared band and 10nm for the shortwave infrared band), the surface temperature, atmospheric parameters, the soil profile gravimetric moisture (0-1cm, 1-3cm and 3-5cm), the shallow layer frost depth and the soil roughness in C1, G1, W1, W2, B1 and B2, mostly the grassland, the wheat stubble land, the deep plowed land and the rape stubble land. The quadrates of 90m×90m and 450m×450m were compartmentalized into 81 subgrids of 10m×10m and 50m×50m. Based on the resolution of 30m×30m and 150m×150m, the influence of adjacent eight pixels on the center pixel was studied. Section lines of each subgrid were adopted to acquire the pixel spectrum, which were measured more than once for the mean value. The spectrum data were archived in the ASCII format, with the first five rows as the file header and the following two columns as wavelength (nm) and reflectance (percentage) respectively. The .txt file was not reflectance but intermediate file for further calculation. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro). The surface radiative temperature and the physical temperature were measured by the handheld infrared thermometer. Besides, the cover type was also recorded. The data can be opened by Microsoft Office. Atmospheric parameters were measured by CE318 to retrieve the total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, and various parameters at 550nm to obtain horizontal visibility with the help of MODTRAN or 6S. Those provide reliable data for atmosphere correction of the same period in this area. The gravimetric soil moisture (samples from 0-1cm, 1-3cm and 3-5cm) was measured by the microwave drying method. The frost depth by the chopstick and the ruler. The soil was considered frozen when it was hard and with ice crystal. The data can be opened by Microsoft Office. Nine data files were included, TM data, CE318 data, B1, B2, C1, G1, W1 and W2.
CHANG Sheng, CHANG Yan, Fang Qian, QU Ying, LIANG Xingtao, LIU Zhigang, PAN Jinmei, PENG Danqing, REN Huazhong, ZHANG Yongpan, ZHANG Zhiyu, ZHAO Shaojie, Zhao Tianjie, ZHENG Yue, Zhou Ji, LIU Chenzhou, YIN Xiaojun, ZHANG Zhiyu
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