"Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological comprehensive atlas" is supported by the key project of Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological process integration research. It aims at data arrangement and service of Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological process integration research. The atlas will provide researchers with a comprehensive and detailed background introduction and basic data set of Heihe River Basin. The boundary map of the Heihe River Basin in 1985 is one of the basic geographic part of the atlas, with the scale of 1:2500000, the positive axis equal product conic projection, and the standard latitude of 25 47. Data sources: boundary data of Heihe River Basin in 1985, road data of Heihe River Basin in 2010, administrative boundary data of one million Heihe River Basin in 2008, residential area data of Heihe River Basin in 2009 and 100000 river data of 2009.
WANG Jianhua, ZHAO Jun, WANG Xiaomin
"Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological comprehensive atlas" is supported by the key project of Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological process integration research. It aims at data arrangement and service of Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological process integration research. The atlas will provide researchers with a comprehensive and detailed background introduction and basic data set of Heihe River Basin. The TM image index map of Heihe River Basin is one of the basic geographic part of atlas, with a scale of 1:2500000, positive axis equal product conic projection and standard latitude of 25 47 N. Data source: TM image index data, Heihe River basin boundary.
ZHAO Jun, WANG Xiaomin
This data is produced using knowledge rule-based land cover classification methods. It is a set of USGS global land cover classification standards that can be used in atmospheric models and land surface process models of land cover types in the Heihe River Basin. The data covers the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin. The data uses Albers Conical Equal Area projection with a spatial resolution of 1 km. It is an ASCII file containing the land cover classification code and named: Rule_Based_Lulc_of_HRB2009.asc. You can directly use a text program (such as Notepad) to open and view the file, you can also input it in ArcGIS for other operations. The NOAH land surface process parameter table and parameter table description matched with the data are provided. Users can refer to this parameter table to apply the data to the land surface process model. The two files are USGS_LULC_NOAHVEGPARM.TBL and NOAHVEGPARM_documentation.txt, both can be opened by the text program (such as Notepad).
NAN Zhuotong
The data set includes the observation data of river water level and velocity at No.7 point in the dense observation of runoff in the middle reaches of Heihe River from January 1, 2015 to March 11, 2016. The sensor was abnormal at the end of 2014, and the commissioning was normal on March 25 after maintenance. The observation point is located in Heihe bridge, Pingchuan Township, Linze County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The riverbed is sandy gravel with unstable section. The longitude and latitude of the observation point are n39.331667 °, e100.099722 °, altitude 1375 meters, and channel width 130 meters. In 2015, sr50 ultrasonic distance meter was used for water level observation, with acquisition frequency of 30 minutes. Data description includes: Water level observation, observation frequency 30 minutes, unit (cm); The missing data are uniformly represented by the string -6999. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Li et al.(2013), and for observation data processing, please refer to He et al.(2016).
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
The data set includes the observation data of river water level and velocity at No.7 point in the dense observation of runoff in the middle reaches of Heihe River from January 1, 2014 to December 28, 2014. The observation point is located in Heihe bridge, Pingchuan Township, Linze County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The riverbed is sandy gravel with unstable section. The longitude and latitude of the observation point are n39 ° 20'2.03 ", E100 ° 5'49.63", with an altitude of 1375m and a channel width of 130m. In 2014, sr50 ultrasonic distance meter was used for water level observation, with acquisition frequency of 30 minutes. Data description includes the following two parts: Water level observation, observation frequency 30 minutes, unit (cm); The data covers the period from January 1, 2014 to December 28, 2014. Flow observation, unit (m3); According to the monitoring flow of different water levels, the flow curve of water levels was obtained, and the change process of runoff was obtained by observing the process of water levels.The missing data are uniformly represented by the string -6999. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Li et al.(2013), and for observation data processing, please refer to He et al.(2016).
HE Xiaobo, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
The data set includes the river level observation data of No. 4 point in the dense runoff observation of the middle reaches of Heihe River from May 20, 2015 to March 11, 2016. The instrument maintenance was completed again on May 20, 2015. The observation point is located in Heihe bridge, Shangbao village, Jing'an Township, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The riverbed is sandy gravel with unstable section. The longitude and latitude of the observation point are n39.065 °, e100.433056 °, 1431m above sea level, and 58m wide river channel. In 2012, hobo pressure type water level gauge was used for water level observation with acquisition frequency of 30 minutes; since 2013, sr50 ultrasonic distance meter was used with acquisition frequency of 30 minutes. On June 25, 2014, the instrument was damaged and re purchased. The record was restarted on May 20, 2015. The data includes the following parts: Water level observation, observation frequency 30 minutes, unit (cm); For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Li et al.(2013), and for observation data processing, please refer to He et al.(2016).
HE Xiaobo, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
The data set includes the observation data of river water level and velocity at NO.5 point in the dense runoff observation of the middle reaches of Heihe River from January 1 to April 30, 2014 and from July 18 to July 26, 2014,. The observation point is located in Heihe bridge, Banqiao Township, Linze County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The riverbed is sandy gravel with unstable section. The longitude and latitude of the observation point are n39 ° 15'32.41 ", E100 ° 16'33.95", with an altitude of 1398 meters and a channel width of 270 meters. In 2014, the water level was observed by sr50 ultrasonic distance meter with acquisition frequency of 30 minutes. During the observation period, the instrument failure was returned to the factory for maintenance, and the failure was not eliminated after later installation.
HE Xiaobo, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
"Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological comprehensive atlas" is supported by the key project of Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological process integration research. It aims at data arrangement and service of Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological process integration research. The atlas will provide researchers with a comprehensive and detailed background introduction and basic data set of Heihe River Basin. The boundary map of Heihe River Basin in 2005 is one of the basic geographic part of atlas, with scale of 1:2500000, positive axis and equal product conic projection, and standard latitude of 25 47。 Data sources: 2005 Heihe River basin boundary data, 2010 Heihe River Basin road data, 2008 1 million Heihe River basin administrative boundary data, 2009 Heihe River Basin residential area data, 2009 100000 river data.
ZHAO Jun, WANG Xiaomin
"Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological comprehensive atlas" is supported by the key project of Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological process integration research. It aims at data arrangement and service of Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological process integration research. The atlas will provide researchers with a comprehensive and detailed background introduction and basic data set of Heihe River Basin. The boundary map of the Heihe River Basin in 2010 is one of the basic geographic part of the atlas, with a scale of 1:2500000, positive axis equal product conic projection and standard latitude of 25 47。 Data sources: 2010 Heihe River basin boundary data, 2010 Heihe River Basin road data, 2008 1 million Heihe River basin administrative boundary data, 2009 Heihe River Basin residential area data, 2009 100000 river data
WANG Jianhua, ZHAO Jun, WANG Xiaomin
Based on the downscaling temperature result data in the historical period of CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5), the future multi-year average temperature in the three periods of 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100 was predicted. Under the scenarios of rcp2.6, rcp4.5, and rcp8.5, the method of combining ordinary least squares regression with HASM (High Accuracy Surface Modeling Method) was used to downscaling simulate and predict, and the 1km downscaling results of the multi-year average temperature in the three scenarios of 2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 were obtained.
YUE Tianxiang, ZHAO Na
This data set is collected according to the output results of tesim ecological process model, including biomass, plant N and P content, evapotranspiration, NPP and other model output results. Some of the results are obtained by field measurement, some by laboratory analysis of field samples, some by literature.
PENG Hongchun
This data set is a subset of 1:100000 desert spatial data in China. The 1:100000 desert spatial data set in China reflects the geographical distribution, area size, mobility and fixation degree of deserts in China. Taking the TM image of 2000 as the information source, on the basis of the coverage of the national land use map and the TM digital image information of 2000, this paper interprets, extracts, revises, and maps the sand, sand and Gravel Gobi in China by using remote sensing and geographic information system technology combined with the mapping requirements of 1:100000 scale thematic map.
WANG Jianhua
In 2000, the population grid data of Heihe River Basin was generated based on 1:100000 land use data and population statistics data of each county in 2000. Using principal component analysis and factor analysis, four factors are extracted from 11 regionalization indexes, and the Heihe River Basin is divided into four population distribution characteristic regions by using factor scores for hierarchical clustering. The linear regression model between rural residential land, cultivated land area and rural population is established based on the population statistical data of each county in 2000. The total population of each district and county is controlled. The population coefficient is adjusted according to the principle of different population distribution characteristics. The cultivated land population distribution coefficient is modified in the middle green continent, and the grassland population distribution is increased in the upstream mountainous area and the downstream desert oasis area Coefficient. The spatial distribution of urban population density in river basin is simulated by using the exponential model. Based on the above methods, the population spatial distribution results of 25m grid in Heihe River Basin and the data of 1km grid on scale are finally obtained. At the township level, the accuracy of the results of population spatialization is verified, and compared with the population data of Heihe River Basin estimated by the existing databases (GPW 1995, UNEP / grid1995, landscan 2002 and cn2000pop). The results show that the methods and models used in this study can obtain more accurate spatial distribution data of population in the basin.
WANG Xuemei, MA Mingguo
This data is used to restore the distribution of ancient settlements in Heihe River Basin from the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China. The reconstruction is based on the re publication of ganzhenzhi, the re construction of new records of Suzhou and Ganzhou Prefecture and the county records of the Republic of China. At the same time, the spatial distribution data of ancient settlements in Heihe River Basin is reconstructed by combining the topographic map and remote sensing image in the 1960s. The data set includes spatial distribution data of ancient settlements in Ming, Qing and Republic of China.
XIE Yaowen
In the transition zone from Heihe River to desert oasis in Pingchuan oasis of Linze, soil texture, bulk density, field capacity, saturated capacity, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and inorganic carbon content of 118 plots were studied. PH value, conductivity, total carbon, SiC, C / N were monitored to determine the physical and chemical properties of 0-20cm arable soil, and the soil particle composition of 0-20cm and 20-80cm soil layers.
SU Yongzhong
1. Data overview: this data is the blue and green water data of Heihe River Basin simulated by SWAT model; 2. Data content: data mainly includes blue-green water and green water coefficient of the whole basin and each sub Basin; 3. Spatial and temporal scope: the data time is from 1975 to 2004, and the spatial scope includes 34 sub basins and the whole Heihe River Basin; 4. Data file: the relevant data is placed in the Swat folder, including the sub_basin folder (sub basin distribution map), "blue and green water of the whole Heihe River Basin" folder and "blue and green water of each hydrological response unit of the Heihe River Basin" folder.
LIU Junguo
Taking Landsat series data as the main data source, including KH in 1965 (only including Gurinai and Guaizi Lake), MSS in 1975, TM in 1990, 1995, 2006 and 2010, and ETM in 2000. Before information extraction, remote sensing images are preprocessed by image synthesis, mosaic, fusion, geometric correction and image enhancement. In the process of correction, ETM + image in 2000 is corrected by 1:100000 topographic map and used as reference image. The 4, 3 and 2 band standard pseudocolor synthesis scheme is selected for image synthesis; during correction, 7 × 8 control points are evenly selected on each image, and the average positioning error is less than 1 pixel, that is, the ground distance is less than 30m. In other years, the datum image of 2000 is used as the reference image for image registration, so that the pixels with the same name on different images have the same geographical coordinates. After correction and registration, the whole image maintains the 30 m spatial resolution of TM. Through field correction, the accuracy of qualitative analysis can be ensured to be over 95%.
XIAO Shengchun
The data is the monthly average spatial distribution of frozen soil in Heihe River Basin from 2000 to 2009. Based on the grid temperature data of Heihe River Basin from 2000 to 2009, the freezing and thawing state of surface soil is divided into three kinds: unfreezing state, incomplete freezing state and complete freezing state. Complete freezing means that the soil is completely frozen in the whole month. Incomplete freezing refers to soil freezing days ≤ 30 days but ≥ 1 day in a month, and the soil has freeze-thaw cycle. Non freezing means that the soil will not freeze this month. The data is in the form of grid, which can be opened in ArcGIS. 1 represents unfrozen state, 2 represents unfrozen state, 3 represents fully frozen state
PENG Xiaoqing, ZHANG Tingjun
The data include different observation data of Sunan, Gansu Province: 1) The soil properties of grassland under different management measures, soil compactness, water permeability and soil moisture content of 4-5 grazing intensity grassland; 2) The observation data of soil compactness, permeability and water content of different grazing management measures; 3) Correlation analysis data of grassland community characteristic productivity and soil moisture; 4) Correlation analysis data of height, coverage, biomass, flower shape, tiller and leaf characters of main plants with soil water content;
ZHAO Chengzhang
In the late June and early July of 2014, the dominant species of desert plants in the lower reaches of Heihe River, Lycium barbarum and Sophora alopecuroides, were selected. Using the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system (LI-COR, USA), the photosynthetic and water physiological characteristics of desert plants were measured and analyzed.
SU Peixi
The dataset of airborne imaging spectrometer (OMIS-II) mission was obtained in the Linze station-Linze grassland flight zone on Jun. 6, 2008. Data after radiometric correction and calibration and geometric approximate correction were released. The flying time of each route was as follows: {| ! id ! flight ! file ! starttime ! lat ! long ! alt ! image linage ! endtime ! lat ! long ! alt |- | 1 || 1-13 || 2008-06-06_09-32-22_DATA.BSQ || 09:56:32 || 39.167 || 100.044 || 2945.9 || 5718 || 10:02:53 || 39.362 || 100.191 || 2936.7 |- | 2 || 1-12 || 2008-06-06_10-02-38_DATA.BSQ || 10:08:42 || 39.373 || 100.193 || 2956.1 || 5565 || 10:14:53 || 39.182 || 100.049 || 2953.1 |- | 3 || 1-11 || 2008-06-06_10-14-39_DATA.BSQ || 10:19:51 || 39.177 || 100.039 || 2931.2 || 5432 || 10:25:54 || 39.363 || 100.179 || 2958.3 |- | 4 || 1-10 || 2008-06-06_10-25-39_DATA.BSQ || 10:31:50 || 39.376 || 100.182 || 2959.7 || 5396 || 10:37:50 || 39.190 || 100.041 || 2952.7 |- | 5 || 1-9 || 2008-06-06_10-37-35_DATA.BSQ || 10:43:06 || 39.179 || 100.026 || 2956.4 || 5399 || 10:49:06 || 39.368 || 100.169 || 2939.0 |- | 6 || 1-8 || 2008-06-06_10-48-51_DATA.BSQ || 10:55:20 || 39.383 || 100.174 || 2943.2 || 5643 || 11:01:36 || 39.1922 || 100.029 || 2944.8 |- | 7 || 1-7 || 2008-06-06_11-01-22_DATA.BSQ || 11:07:04 || 39.185 || 100.0175 || 2947.2 || 5306 || 11:12:58 || 39.373 || 100.159 || 2943.9 |- | 8 || 1-6 || 2008-06-06_11-12-43_DATA.BSQ || 11:18:57 || 39.386 || 100.162 || 2948.1 || 5604 || 11:25:10 || 39.196 || 100.018 || 2950.5 |- | 9 || 1-5 || 2008-06-06_11-24-56_DATA.BSQ || 11:30:22 || 39.188 || 100.006 || 2934.0 || 5469 || 11:36:26 || 39.378 || 100.149 || 2935.4 |- | 10 || 1-4 || 2008-06-06_11-36-12_DATA.BSQ || 11:42:30 || 39.389 || 100.151 || 2935.4 || 5570 || 11:48:41 || 39.198 || 100.007 || 2949.0 |- | 11 || 1-3 || 2008-06-06_11-48-27_DATA.BSQ || 11:54:21 || 39.205 || 100.005 || 2915.2 || 5028 || 11:59:57 || 39.380 || 100.138 || 2908.8 |- | 12 || 1-2 || 2008-06-06_11-59-42_DATA.BSQ || 12:06:00 || 39.395 || 100.142 || 2931.0 || 5523 || 12:12:08 || 39.205 || 99.999 || 2950.0 |- | 13 || 1-1 || 2008-06-06_12-11-53_DATA.BSQ || 12:18:17 || 39.197 || 99.985 || 2916.5 || 5451 || 12:24:20 || 39.389 || 100.131 || 2907.9 |}
Liu Liangyun, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
This data is based on the observation of corn in the middle reaches of heihe river irrigated area. The observation instrument is licor-6400 XTR and the site is selected near the HiWATER combined test superstation.The photosynthesis parameters of maize were observed through uncontrolled experiments and controlled experiments (controlling carbon dioxide and light intensity) from June 22, 2012 to August 24, 2012.
LI Yanhui, PENG Hongchun, YANG Bao
The aerosol optical thickness data of the Arctic Alaska station is based on the observation data products of the atmospheric radiation observation plan of the U.S. Department of energy at the Arctic Alaska station. The data coverage time is updated from 2017 to 2019, with the time resolution of hour by hour. The coverage site is the northern Alaska station, with the longitude and latitude coordinates of (71 ° 19 ′ 22.8 ″ n, 156 ° 36 ′ 32.4 ″ w). The source of the observed data is retrieved from the radiation data observed by mfrsr instrument. The characteristic variable is aerosol optical thickness, and the error range of the observed inversion is about 15%. The data format is NC format. The aerosol optical thickness data of Qomolangma station and Namuco station in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is based on the observation data products of Qomolangma station and Namuco station from the atmospheric radiation view of the Institute of Qinghai Tibet Plateau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The data coverage time is from 2017 to 2019, the time resolution is hour by hour, the coverage sites are Qomolangma station and Namuco station, the longitude and latitude coordinates are (Qomolangma station: 28.365n, 86.948e, Namuco station Mucuo station: 30.7725n, 90.9626e). The source of the observed data is retrieved from the radiation data observed by mfrsr instrument. The characteristic variable is aerosol optical thickness, and the error range of the observed inversion is about 15%. The data format is TXT.
WANG Xufeng, KANG Jian, Li Dazhi, Wang Zuocheng, Dong Cunhui, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
The dataset of surface roughness measurements was obtained in No. 1 and 2 quadrates of the E’bao foci experimental area during the pre-observation period. Both the quadrates were divided into 3×3 subsites, with each one spanning a 30×30 m2 plot. With the roughness board 110cm long and the measuring points distance 1cm, the samples were collected along the strip from south to north and from east to west, respectively. The coordinates of the sample would be got with the help of ArcView; and after geometric correction, surface height standard deviation (cm) and correlation length (cm) could be calculated based on the formula listed on pages 234-236, Microwave Remote Sensing, Vol. II. The original photos of each sampling point, surface height standard deviation (cm) and correlation length (cm) were archived. The roughness data were initialized by the sample name, which was followed by the serial number, the name of the file, standard deviation and correlation length. Each .txt file is matched with one sample photo and standard deviation and correlation length represent the roughness. In addition, the length of 101 needles is also included for further validation.
CAO Yongpan, CHAO Zhenhua, CHE Tao, QIN Chun, WU Yueru,
This dataset contains the flux measurements from the large aperture scintillometer (LAS) at site No.1 in the flux observation matrix. There were two types of LASs at site No.1: German BLS900 and China zzlas. The observation periods were from 7 June to 19 September, 2012, and 16 June to 19 September, 2012, for the BLS900 and the zzlas, respectively. The north tower is placed with the receiver of BLS900 and the transmitter of zzlas, and the south tower is placed with the transmitter of BLS900 and the receiver of zzlas. The site (north: 100.352° E, 38.884° N; south: 100.351° E, 38.855° N) was located in the Yingke irrigation district, which is near Zhangye, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1552.75 m. The underlying surface between the two towers contains corn, greenhouse, and village. The effective height of the LASs was 33.45 m; the path length was 3256 m. Data were sampled at 1 min intervals. Raw data acquired at 1 min intervals were processed and quality-controlled. The data were subsequently averaged over 30 min periods. The main quality control steps were as follows. (1) The data were rejected when Cn2 was beyond the saturated criterion (Cn2>3.05E-14). (2) Data were rejected when the demodulation signal was small (BLS900: Average X Intensity<1000; zzlas: Demod<-40 mv). (3) Data were rejected within 1 h of precipitation. (4) Data were rejected at night when weak turbulence occurred (u* was less than 0.1 m/s). The sensible heat flux was iteratively calculated by combining with meteorological data and based on Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. There were several instructions for the released data. (1) The data were primarily obtained from BLS900 measurements; missing flux measurements from the BLS900 were filled with measurements from the zzlas. Missing data were denoted by -6999. (2) The dataset contained the following variables: data/time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss), the structural parameter of the air refractive index (Cn2, m-2/3), and the sensible heat flux (H_LAS, W/m^2). (3) In this dataset, the time of 0:30 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:30; the data were stored in *.xlsx format. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Xu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
The data set contains eddy covariance System observation data of Barren-land Station which is located in the lower reaches of the Heihe Hydro-meteorological Observation Network from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The site is located in Sidaoqiao, Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia, and the underlying surface is barren land. The latitude and longitude of the observation point is 101.1326E, 41.9993N, and the altitude is 878m. The mount height of the Eddy Covariance System is 3.5 m, the sampling frequency is 10 Hz, the ultrasonic orientation is north, and the distance between the ultrasonic wind speed temperature meter (CSAT3) and the CO2/H2O analyzer (Li7500) is 15 cm. The original observation data of the Eddy Covariance System is 10 Hz, and the released data is a 30-minute data processed by Eddypro software. The main steps of the processing include: outlier eliminating, delay time correction, coordinates rotation (secondary coordinates rotation), frequency response correction, ultrasonic virtual temperature correction and density (WPL) correction, etc. Meanwhile, the quality evaluation of each flux value was performed,mainly includes atmospheric stability (Δst) test and turbulence similarity (ITC) test. The 30-min flux value output of Eddypro software was also screened: (1) Data from the instrument error was eliminated; (2) Data obtained with one hour before and after precipitation was removed; (3) Data with a deletion rate greater than 10% of the 10 Hz raw data every 30 minutes was eliminated; (4) Observation data of weak turbulence at night (u* less than 0.1 m/s) was excluded. The average period of observation data is 30 minutes, 48 data per day, and the missing data is marked as -6999. The data was missing due to Li7500 calibration of the eddy system on April 7 and 8; the suspicious data caused by instrument drift and other reasons was marked by red fonts. Published observation data include: date/time Date/Time, wind direction(°), horizontal wind speed(m/s), lateral wind speed standard deviation(m/s), ultrasonic virtual temperature (°C), water vapor density (g/m3), carbon dioxide concentration(mg/m3), friction velocity (m/s), length (m), sensible heat flux(W/m2), latent heat flux (W/m2), carbon dioxide flux (mg/(m2s)), sensible heat flux quality identification QA_Hs, latent heat flux quality identification QA_LE, carbon dioxide flux quality identification QA_Fc. The quality identification of sensible heat, latent heat, and carbon dioxide flux is divided into three levels (quality mark 0: (Δst <30, ITC<30); 1: (Δst <100, ITC<100); the rest is 2). The meaning of the data time, such as 0:30 represents an average data of 0:00-0:30; the data is stored in *.xls format. For hydro-meteorological network or station information, please refer to Li et al. (2013). For observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
This dataset include soil moisture and soil temperature observations of 50 SoilNET Nodes during June 2012~March 2013 (UTC+8), which located in a MODIS pixel in the observation matrix of the HiWATER artificial oasis eco-hydrology experimental area, and aim to capture the spatial-temporal variance at the ~100 m scale. Each SoilNET node observe the soil moisture and soil temperature at 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm and 40 cm depth using the SPADE sensor with 10 minutes interval. This dataset can be used in the estimation of surface hydrothermal variables and their validation, eco-hydrological research, irrigation management and so on. The detail description please refers to "SoilNET_data_document.docx".
WANG Xufeng, KANG Jian, Li Dazhi, Wang Zuocheng, Dong Cunhui, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
The first dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with airborne Polarimetric L-band Multibeam Radiometer (PLMR) mission was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe on 28-29 June, 7, 10, 26 July, 2 August, 2012 (UTC+8). The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with airborne Polarimetric L-band Multibeam Radiometer (PLMR) mission was obtained in the Linze Inland River Basin Comprehensive Research Station on 3 July, 2012. PLMR is a dual-polarization (H/V) airborne microwave radiometer with a frequency of 1.413 GHz, which can provide multi-angular observations with 6 beams at ±7º, ±21.5º and ±38.5º. The PLMR spatial resolution (beam spot size) is approximately 0.3 times the altitude, and the swath width is about twice the altitude. The measurements were conducted in the southwest part of the Zhangye Oasis, which included two sampling plots. One was located in Gobi desert with an area of 1 km × 1 km. Due to its homogeneous landscape, around 10 points were sampled to acquire the situation of soil water content. The other sampling plot was designed in farmlands with a dominant plant type of maize. Ground measurements took place along 16 transects, which were arranged parallelly with an interval of 160 m between each other in the east-west direction. In each 2.4 km long transect, soil moisture was sampled at every 80 m in the north-south direction. Steven Hydro probes were used to collect soil moisture and other measurements. For each sampling point in farmland, two measurements were acquired within an area of 1 m2, with one for the soil covered by plastic film (point name was tagged as LXPXXA) and the other for exposed soil (point name was tagged as LXPXXB). The field campaign started from 11:00 AM, but stopped at 4:00 PM on 28 June because of rain. The rest of measurements were completed from 10:30 AM to 5:30 PM on 29 June. Concurrently with soil moisture sampling, vegetation properties were measured at around 10 locations within the farmland sampling plot. Observation items included: Soil parameters: volumetric soil moisture (inherently converted from measured soil dielectric constant), soil temperature, soil dielectric constant, soil electric conductivity. Vegetation parameters: biomass, vegetation water content, canopy height. Data and data format: This dataset includes two parts of measurements, i.e. soil and vegetation parameters. The former is as shapefile, with measured items stored in its attribute table. The measured vegetation parameters are recorded in an Excel file.
WANG Shuguo, LI Xin
The No. 6 hydrological section is located at Gaoya Hydrological Station (100.433° E, 39.135° N, 1420 m a.s.l.) in the midstream of the Heihe River Basin, Zhangye city, Gansu Province. This hydrological section is for intercomparison of flow measurement between ADCP and manual method. The dataset contains recorded by the No. 6 hydrological section from 10 August, 2012 to 31 December, 2013. The width of this section is 58 meters. The water level was measured using an HOBO pressure range and the discharge was measured using cross-section reconnaissance by the StreamPro ADCP. The dataset includes the following parameters: water level (recorded every 30 minutes) and discharge. The missing and incorrect (outside the normal range) data were replaced with -6999. For more information, please refer to Li et al. (2013) (for hydrometeorological observation network or sites information), He et al. (2016) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
HE Xiaobo, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
The Landuse/Landcover data of the Heihe River Basin in 2000 ( newly compiled in 2012), was finished by the Remote Sensing Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, using satellite remote sensing, based on the LandsaTM and ETM remote sensing data around 2000, combing field investigation and verification, thus leading to the establishment of the Heihe River Basin 1:10. 10,000 land use/land cover imagery and vector database. The main contents are: 1:100,000 land use graphic data and attribute data in the Heihe River Basin. The Heihe River Basin 1:100,000 (2011) land cover data and the previous land cover data use the same layered land cover classification system, the whole basin is divided into six first-class categories (cultivated land, woodland, grassland, waters, urban and rural residents, industrial and mining land and unused land), 25 secondary classes; data types are vector polygons, stored as Shape format. Land cover classification attributes: Primary type, secondary type, attribute coding, spatial distribution position Cultivated land: Plain dry land, 123, is mainly distributed in basin, Piedmont zone, river alluvial, diluvial plain or lacustrine plain (lack of water, irrigation condition is poor). Hilly dry land, 122, is mainly distributed in Hilly areas. Generally speaking, land blocks distribute on gentle slopes, ridges and mats of hills. Mountainous dry land, 121, is mainly distributed in mountainous areas, with the elevation below 4000 meters (gentle slope, mountainside, steep slope platform, etc.) and the Piedmont zones. Woodland: There is woodland (arbor), 21, is mainly distributed in the mountains (below 4000 meters ) or on the slopes of the mountains, valleys, hills, plains and so on. Shrub land, 22, is mainly distributed in higher mountain areas (below 4500 meters), most of which distribute in hillsides, valleys and sandy land. Sparse forest land, 23, is mainly distributed in the mountains, hills, plains and sandy land, and on the edge of the Gobi (loam, gravel). Other woodlands, 24, are mainly distributed in the oasis field, around rivers, roadsides and rural settlements. Grassland: Highly covered grassland, 31, is mainly distributed in mountainous areas (slow slopes), hills (steep slopes) and inter-river beaches, Gobi, sand dunes, etc. Mid-covered grassland, 32, is mainly distributed in relatively dry areas (Gobi, low-lying land and sandy land,sand dunes, etc.). The low-cover grassland, 33, grows mainly in drier areas (on the loess hills and on the edge of the sand). Waters: Channel, 41 is mainly distributed in plains, inter-river cultivated land and inter-mountain valleys. Lake, 42, is mainly distributed in low-lying areas. Reservoir pit, 43, is mainly distributed in plains and valleys between rivers, surrounded by residential areas and cultivated land. Glacier and permanent snow cover, 44, mainly distribute at the top of (over 4000) alpine regions. Flood land, 46, is mainly distributed in the high and low hillside gullies, the piedmont, the plain lowlands, and the edge of the river and lake basins. Residents land: Urban land, 51, is mainly distributed in plains, mountain basins, slopes and valleys. Rural residential land, 52, are mainly distributed in oases, cultivated land and roadsides, on the tablelands and the slopes. Industrial land and traffic land, 53, are generally distributed in the periphery of towns, areas with fairly developed transportation and industrial mining areas. Unutilized land: Sandy land, 61, is mostly distributed in the basin, on both sides of the river, in the river bay and on the periphery of the Piedmont and Gobi. Gobi, 62, is mainly distributed in the Piedmont belt with strong wind erosion and sediment transport. Saline and alkaline land, 63, is mainly distributed in dry lakes, lakeside and areas relatively low with easy water accumulation. Swamp, 64, is mainly distributed in relatively low areas with easy water accumulation. Bare soil, 65, is mainly distributed in arid areas (steep hillsides, hills and gobi), with vegetation coverage less than 5%. Bare rock, 66, is mainly distributed in extremely arid rocky mountainous areas (windy and rainless). The other, 67 mainly distributes in bare rocks formed by freezing and thawing above 4000 meters, also known as alpine tundra.
WANG Jianhua
The No. 7 hydrological section is located at Pingchuan Heihe River Bridge (39 ° 20′2.03 ″ N, 100° 5′49.63″ E, 1375 m a.s.l.) in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Zhangye, Gansu Province. The dataset contains observations from the No.7 hydrological section from 13 June, 2012, to 24 November, 2012. The width of this section is 130 meters. The water level was measured using SR50 ultrasonic range and the discharge was measured using cross-section reconnaissance by the StreamPro ADCP. The dataset includes the following sections: Water level (recorded every 30 minutes) and Discharge. The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: 1) The water level data which collected from the hydrological station were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The missing data were denoted by -6999. 2) Data out the normal range records were rejected. 3) Unphysical data were rejected. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), He et al. (2016) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
ZHANG Jian, NING Tianxiang, HUANG Xiaoming, JIANG Heng, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin
On 4 July 2012 (UTC+8), TASI sensor carried by the Harbin Y-12 aircraft was used in a visible near Infrared hyperspectral airborne remote sensing experiment, which is located in Linze region and Heihe riverway. The relative flight altitude is 2500 meters. Land surface temperature product was obtained at a resolution of 3 m using a modified temperature/emissivity separation algorithm based on TASI surface radiance data. The product were validated with in situ ground measurements. The validation results indicated that the Land surface temperature product agreed with the ground LSTs well with RMSE lower than 1.5 K.
XIAO Qing, Wen Jianguang
This dataset contains the automatic weather station (AWS) measurements from site No.17 in the flux observation matrix from 12 May to 17 September, 2012. The site (100.36972° E, 38.84510° N) was located in an orchard in Daman irrigation district, which is near Zhangye, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1559.63 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity (HMP45C; 5 m, towards north), air pressure (PTB110; 2 m), rain gauge (52203; 10 m), wind speed and direction (034B; 10 m, towards north), a four-component radiometer (CNR1; 6 m, towards south), two infrared temperature sensors (SI-111; 6 m, vertically downward), soil temperature profile (109; 0, -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -1.0 m), soil moisture profile (CS616; -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -1.0 m), and soil heat flux (HFP01; 3 duplicates with one below the vegetation and the other between plants, 0.06 m). One of the infrared temperature sensors (IRT_2) was adjusted to a zenith angle of 50° after 6 August. The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5 m and RH_5 m) (℃ and %, respectively), air pressure (press, hpa), precipitation (rain, mm), wind speed (Ws_10 m, m/s), wind direction (WD_10 m, °), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation; W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IR_2, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, below the vegetation; Gs_2 and Gs_3, W/m^2), soil temperature profile (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_60 cm, and Ts_100 cm, ℃), and soil moisture profile (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_60 cm, and Ms_100 cm, %). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows. (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min; therefore, there were 144 records per day. The missing data were filled with -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) In this dataset, the time of 0:10 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:10; the data were stored in *.xlsx format. (5) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Xu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
The data set include crop height observed at four sample regions, that is the soil moisture control experimental field at Daman county, and the EC plots, the super station, and Shiqiao sample plots at Wuxing village in Zhangye city. 1) Objective Crop height, a key biophysical parameter, was observed for evapotranspiration estimation in regional scale and the retrieval of other biophysical parameters as well as the application in eco-hydrological models. 2) Measurement instrument: Steel tape. 3) Measurement site a. the soil moisture control experimental field at Daman county, Twelve soil water treatments are set. The wheat height are measured on 17, 23 and 29 May, and 3, 9, 14 and 24 June, and 5 and 12 July. b. the EC site Maize height at 14 EC site (EC-2,EC-3,EC-5,EC-6,EC-7,EC-8,EC-9, EC-10, EC-11, EC-12, EC-13, EC-14, EC-15, EC-16) are measured on 14, 21, 25 and 31 May, 7, 13, 23 and 28 June, 3, 13, 18 and 23 July, 3, 12 and 28 August. c. the super station Maize height at the super station is measured on 22 and 28 May, 5, 11, 18, and 25 June, and 1, 8, 15, 22 and 31 July, 9, 15 and 22 August, and 3 and 11 September. d. the Shiqiao sample site Maize height at the Shiqiao village is measured on 17, 22 and 28 May, 4, 11, 17 and 25 June, 1, 8, 15, 22, and 30 July, 8, 16 and 27 August, and 9 September. 4) Data processing The observational data was recorded in the sheets and reorganized in the EXCEL sheets. The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time.
Wang Jing, Xu Fengying, Huang Yongsheng, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
On 10 July 2012 (UTC+8), TASI sensor carried by the Harbin Y-12 aircraft was used in a visible near Infrared hyperspectral airborne remote sensing experiment, which is located in the observation experimental area (30×30 km), Linze region and Heihe riverway. The relative flight altitude is 2500 meters. The wavelength of TASI is 8-11.5 μm with a spatial resolution of 3 meters. Through the ground sample points and atmospheric data, the data are recorded in surface radiance processed by geometric correction and atmospheric correction.
XIAO Qing, Wen Jianguang
The annual ring is the main technical means for carrying out the variance analysis, and it is also one of the methods to establish the expansion of water consumption time of plant transpiration. In 2001, this project sampled 60 Populus euphratica in Ejin Oasis and measured the age and ring width index.
SI Jianhua
The accurate estimation of sapwood area and heartwood area is the main means to convert the transpiration water consumption scale. In October 2011, this project investigated the sapwood and heartwood of 98 Populus euphratica in Ejin Oasis and measured the width of sapwood and heartwood. The relation curve of sapwood area with DBH and height was established. Please refer to LI Wei, SI Jianhua,FENG Qi, YU Teng fei. Response of Transpiration to Water Vapour Pressure Defferential of Populus euphratica. Journal of Desert Research, 2013, 33(5): 1377-1384. for details.
SI Jianhua
This dataset contains the automatic weather station (AWS) measurements from site No.8 in the flux observation matrix from 14 May to 21 September, 2012. The site (100.37649° E, 38.87254° N) was located in a cropland (maize surface) in Yingke irrigation district, which is near Zhangye, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1550.06 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity (HMP45AC; 5 m, towards north), air pressure (CS100; 2 m), rain gauge (TE525M; 10 m), wind speed and direction (010C/020C; 10 m, towards north), a four-component radiometer (CNR4; 6 m, towards south), two infrared temperature sensors (SI-111; 6 m, vertically downward), soil temperature profile (109ss-L; 0, -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -1.0 m), soil moisture profile (CS616; -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -1.0 m), and soil heat flux (HFP01; 3 duplicates with one below the vegetation and the other between plants, 0.06 m). The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5 m and RH_5 m) (℃ and %, respectively), air pressure (press, hpa), precipitation (rain, mm), wind speed (Ws_10 m, m/s), wind direction (WD_10 m, °), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation; W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IR_2, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, below the vegetation; Gs_2 and Gs_3, W/m^2), soil temperature profile (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_60 cm, and Ts_100 cm, ℃), and soil moisture profile (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_60 cm, and Ms_100 cm, %). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows. (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min; therefore, there were 144 records per day. The missing data were filled with -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) In this dataset, the time of 0:10 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:10; the data were stored in *.xlsx format. (5) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Xu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
This dataset contains the automatic weather station (AWS) measurements from site No.1 in the flux observation matrix from 10 June to 17 September, 2012. The site (100.3582° E, 38.8932° N) was located in a cropland (vegetable surface) in the Yingke irrigation district, which is near Zhangye, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1552.75 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity (HMP155; 5 m, towards north), air pressure (PTB110; 2 m), rain gauge (TR525M; 10 m), wind speed and direction (03002; 10 m, towards north), a four-component radiometer (CNR4; 6 m, towards south), two infrared temperature sensors (SI-111; 6 m, vertically downward), soil temperature profile (109ss-L; 0, -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -1.0 m), soil moisture profile (SM300; -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -1.0 m), and soil heat flux (HFP01; 3 duplicates with one below the vegetation and the other between plants, 0.06 m). One of the infrared temperature sensors (IRT_2) was adjusted to a zenith angle of 50° after 6 August. The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5 m and RH_5 m) (℃ and %, respectively), air pressure (press, hpa), precipitation (rain, mm), wind speed (Ws_10 m, m/s), wind direction (WD_10 m, °), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation; W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IR_2, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, below the vegetation; Gs_2 and Gs_3, W/m^2), soil temperature profile (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_60 cm, and Ts_100 cm, ℃), and soil moisture profile (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_60 cm, and Ms_100 cm, %). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows. (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min; therefore, there were 144 records per day. The missing data were filled with -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) In this dataset, the time of 0:10 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:10; the data were stored in *.xlsx format. (5) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Xu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
This dataset includes seven scenes; two scenes cover the Dayekou catchment on (yy-mm-dd) 2012-08-19 and 2012-08-28, one scene covers the airport desert experimental site on 2012-06-29, three scenes cover the Daman foci experimental area on 2012-06-21, 2012-07-10 and 2012-08-27, and one scene covers the natural oasis eco-hydrology experimental area in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin. The data were all acquired around 9:00 (BJT) of full swath mode with data product of Level 1A. PROBA CHRIS dataset was acquired through the European Space Agency (ESA)-Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST) Cooperative Dragon 2 (project ID: 5322) and Dragon 3 (project ID: 10649) Programme.
ESA-MOST cooperative Dragon programme(No. 5322，10649)
This is the morphological and structural characteristics of the constructive plants’ chloroplasts in arid areas of the middle-lower reaches of Heihe River Basin. The material number is the same as in the sampling table. The chloroplast morphology and structure of 60 dominant plants were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chloroplast morphology, thylakoid grana lamella and matrix morphology, starch content and the morphological characteristics of osmiophilic granules can all be reflected.
LIU Yubing
This dataset contains the automatic weather station (AWS) measurements from site No.10 in the flux observation matrix from 1 June to 17 September, 2012. The site (100.39572° E, 38.87567° N) was located in a cropland (maize surface) in Yingke irrigation district, which is near Zhangye, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1534.73 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity (HMP155; 5 m, towards north), rain gauge (TE525M; 10 m), wind speed (03001; 10 m, towards north), a four-component radiometer (CNR1; 6 m, towards south), two infrared temperature sensors (SI-111; 6 m, vertically downward), soil temperature profile (109ss-L; 0, -0.02, and -0.04 m), soil moisture profile (CS616; 0.02, 0.04 m), and soil heat flux (HFP01; 3 duplicates with one below the vegetation and the other between plants, 0.06 m). The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5 m and RH_5 m) (℃ and %, respectively), precipitation (rain, mm), wind speed (Ws_10 m, m/s), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation; W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IR_2, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, below the vegetation; Gs_2 and Gs_3, W/m^2), soil temperature profile (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, and Ts_4 cm, ℃), and soil moisture profile (Ms_2 cm and Ms_4 cm, %). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows. (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min; therefore, there were 144 records per day. The missing data were filled with -6999. (2) Duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) In this dataset, the time of 0:10 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:10; the data were stored in *.xlsx format. (5) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), Xu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
The dataset includes two parts that are: 1) channel flow, crop pattern, field management, and socio-economy data measured at super-station in 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 (UTC+8), respectively. 2) irrigation data, crop pattern, and socio-economy data investigated at Daman irrigation district and Yingke irrigation district, respectively. 1.1 Objective of investigation Objectives of investigation for two parts data are to obtain crop pattern and irrigation water volume change with time, and to supply parameter for irrigation water optimal allocation model. 1.2 Investigation spots and items Investigation spots include six water management stations that are Dangzhai, Hua’er, Daman, Xiaoman, Jiantan, and Ershilidun, respectively, at Daman irrigation district. Investigation items comprise water allocation time, branch channel inflow, Dou channel inflow, irrigation area, channel water use efficiency, water price, and water fee. Investigation time is described as followed: 2012.03.16 to 2012.04.04, Spring irrigation; 2012.04.04 to 2012.05.14, Summer irrigation; 2012.05.20 to 2012.06.24, Summer irrigation; 2012.05.16 to 2012.07.06, Summer irrigation; 2012.07.15 to 2012.08.02, Autumn irrigation; 2012.08.10 to 2012.08.26, Autumn irrigation. Investigation spots include eight water management station that are Chang’an, Shangqin, Dangzhai, Liangjiadun, Shimiao, Xiaoman, Xindun, and Yangou, respectively, at Yingke irrigation district. Investigation time and items is described as followed: Year Data items Spots 2008, 2010, 2011 Irrigation data: Irrigation time, water level of Dou channel, channel flow, irrigation area Xiaoman county, Shangtouzha village 2012 Irrigation data: Irrigation time, water level of Dou channel, channel flow, irrigation area Chang’an, Shangqin, Dangzhai, Liangjiadun, Shimiao, Xiaoman, Xindun, Yangou 2012 Well data: Well deep, groundwater abstraction, irrigation area Chang’an, Liangjiadun, Shangqin 2012 Socio-economy data: population, agricultural income, un-agricultural income, water use for living, average residential area, education Chang’an, Xiaoman, Liangjiadun, Shangqin 2012 Field management: fertilizer name, fertilization time, fertilization rate, pesticide name, pesticide rate, time Chang’an, Xiaoman, Liangjiadun, Shangqin 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 Crop pattern: crop name, seed time, harvest time, crop area, irrigation quota, field water use efficiency, crop yield, crop production value Xiaoman, Chang’an, Liangjiadun, Shangqin 1.3 Data collection Data was collected by cooperating with water management department of Yingke and Daman.
GE Yingchun, Xu Fengying, LI Xin
This data was measured in middle stream of the Heihe River Basin in year 2012. Soil texture, porosity, bulk density, saturated water conductivity, soil organic matter were measured for each layer of the soil profile which is very close to the AMS sites. This data can be used in land surface model and ecological model. Soil profile position: The coordinate of the profile is listed as follow. No.1 to No.17 is corresponding to the AMS number in the Matrix. No. x y 1 100.3582 38.89322 2 100.3541 38.88697 3 100.3763 38.89057 5 100.3506 38.87577 6 100.3597 38.8712 7 100.3652 38.87677 8 100.3765 38.87255 9 100.3855 38.87241 10 100.3957 38.87569 11 100.342 38.86994 12 100.3663 38.86516 13 100.3785 38.86077 14 100.3531 38.85869 16 100.3641 38.8493 17 100.3697 38.84512 15 (superstation) 100.3721 38.85547 Gebi 100.3058 38.91801 Huazhaizi 100.3189 38.7652 Shenshawo 100.4926 38.78794 Instruments: Soil texture: Microtrac laser particle analyzer Porosity: Ring sampler law Bulk density: Ring sampler law Saturated Water Conductivity: hydrostatic head method Soil organic matter: Total organic carbon analyzer (TOC-VCPH) Measuring time: 2012-5-20 to 2012-7-10 (UTC+8). Measuring content: Soil texture, porosity, bulk density, saturated water conductivity, soil organic matter.
MA Mingguo, WANG Xufeng, WANG Haibo, YU Wenping
This dataset includes soil moisture and soil temperature observations of 75 BNUNET nodes during the period from May to September 2012 (UTC+8), which is one type of WSN nodes in the Heihe eco-hydrological wireless sensor network (WSN). The BNUNET located in the observation matrix of the HiWATER artificial oasis eco-hydrology experimental area. Each BNUNET node observes the soil temperature at 4 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm depth, and soil moisture at 4 cm depth with 10 minutes interval. This dataset can be used in the estimation of surface hydrothermal variables and their validation, eco-hydrological research, irrigation management and so on. The detail description please refers to "Data introduction.docx".
Liu Jun, KOU Xiaokang, MA Mingguo
The dataset of airborne Polarimetric L-band Multibeam Radiometers (PLMR) was acquired on 4 July, 2012, located along the riverway of Heihe River in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. The aircraft took off at 10:50 am (UTC+8) from Zhangye airport and landed at 14:50 pm, with the flight time of 4 hours. The flight was performed in the altitude of about 1000 m and at the speed of about 220-250 km during the observation, corresponding to an expected ground resolution of about 300 m. The PLMR instrument flown on a small aircraft operates at 1.413 GHz (L-band), with both H- and V-polarizations at incidence angles of ±7.5°, ±21.5° and ±38.5°. PLMR ‘warm’ and ‘cold’ calibrations were performed before and after each flight. The processed PLMR data include 2 DAT files (v-pol and h-pol separately) and 1 KMZ file for each flying day. The DAT file contains all the TB values together with their corresponding beam ID, incidence angle, location, time stamp (in UTC) and other flight attitude information as per headings. The KMZ file shows the gridded 1-km TB values corrected to 38.5 degrees together with flight lines. Cautions should be taken when using these data, as the RFI contaminations are often higher than expected at v-polarization.
CHE Tao, Gao Ying, LI Xin
The dataset of LAI measurements was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area. (1) LAI of maize, desert scrub and the poplar measured by the fisheye camera (CANON EOS40D with a lens of EF15/28), shooting straight downwards, with exceptions of higher plants, which were shot upwards in Wulidun farmland quadrates (Jun. 3, 4 and 29, May 28 and 30 and Jul. 11), inside Linze station quadrates (Jun. 19, 25 and 30, Jul. 3 and 10, May 27), the desert transit zone (May 28 and 30) and the poplar forest (May 30). Sample points were archived in coordiantes.xls. Data included original photos (.JPG) and those processed by can_eye5.0 (in excel). For more details, see Readme file. (2) LAI measured by the ruler and the set square in Wulidun farmland quadrate inside Linze station on May 22, 23, 24, 28 and 30 and Jul. 11, 2008. Part of the samples were also measured by LI-3100 and compared with those by manual work for further correction. Data were archived as Excel files. (3) LAI and SD of maize measured by LAI2000 in Wulidun farmland quadrates (Jun. 24 and 29 and Jul. 10) and inside Linze station quadrates (Jun. 19, 25 and 30, Jul. 3, 9 and 10). Data educed from LAI2000 periodically were archived as text files (.txt) and marked with one ID. Raw data (table of word and txt) and processed data (Excel) were included. Besides, observation time, the observation method and the repetition were all archived. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
DONG Jian, LI Jing, Li Xiangyun, Qu Yonghua, SONG Danxia, SUN Qingsong, XIAO Yueting, XIAO Zhiqiang, YU Yingjie, ZHOU Hongmin, JIANG Hao, LI Shihua,
This dataset contains the flux measurements from the cropland eddy covariance system (EC) in the lower reaches of the Heihe hydrometeorological observation network from 14 July to 11 December, 2013. The site (101.134° E, 42.005° N) was located in the muskmelon surface, Ejin Banner in Inner Mongolia. The elevation is 875 m. The EC was installed at a height of 3.5 m, and the sampling rate was 10 Hz. The sonic anemometer faced north, and the separation distance between the sonic anemometer and the CO2/H2O gas analyzer (CSAT3&EC150) was 0 m. The raw data acquired at 10 Hz were processed using the Edire post-processing software (University of Edinburgh, http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/abs/research/micromet/EdiRe/), including the spike detection, lag correction of H2O/CO2 relative to the vertical wind component, sonic virtual temperature correction, coordinate rotation (2-D rotation), corrections for density fluctuation (Webb-Pearman-Leuning correction), and frequency response correction. The EC data were subsequently averaged over 30 min periods. The observation data quality was divided into three classes according to the quality assessment method of stationarity (Δst) and the integral turbulent characteristics test (ITC), as proposed by Foken and Wichura [1996]: class 1 (level 0: Δst<30 and ITC<30), class 2 (level 1: Δst<100 and ITC<100), and class 3 (level 2: Δst>100 and ITC>100), which represent high-, medium-, and low-quality data, respectively. In addition to the above processing steps, the half-hourly flux data were screened using a four-step procedure: (1) data from periods of sensor malfunction were rejected; (2) data collected before or after 1 h of precipitation were rejected; (3) incomplete 30 min data were rejected when the missing data constituted more than 3% of the 30 min raw record; and (4) data were rejected at night when the friction velocity (u*) was less than 0.2 m/s. There were 48 records per day, and the missing data were replaced with -6999. Suspicious data were marked in red. Due to the CF card storage problem and calibration of CO2/H2O gas analyzer, data during 29 July to 19 August and 11 December to 31 December were missing. The released data contained the following variables: data/time, wind direction (Wdir, °), wind speed (Wnd, m/s), the standard deviation of the lateral wind (Std_Uy, m/s), virtual temperature (Tv, ℃), H2O mass density (H2O, g/m^3), CO2 mass density (CO2, mg/m^3), friction velocity (ustar, m/s), stability (z/L), sensible heat flux (Hs, W/m^2), latent heat flux (LE, W/m^2), carbon dioxide flux (Fc, mg/ (m^2s)), quality assessment of the sensible heat flux (QA_Hs), quality assessment of the latent heat flux (QA_LE), and quality assessment of the carbon flux (QA_Fc). In this dataset, the time of 0:30 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:30; the data were stored in *.xls format. For more information, please refer to Li et al. (2013) (for hydrometeorological observation network or sites information), Liu et al. (2011) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
The dataset of spectral reflectance of canopy leafs observed by the integrating sphere was obtained by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) and integrating spheres from BNU and the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter), in the Linze station foci experimental area. Maize quadrate, the desert green quadrate and withered scrub quadrate in Linze station (on May 28, 30, Jun. 19, 30 and Jul. 9), Wulidun farmland quadrates (on Jun. 24, 29 and Jul. 11) and the desert strips were measured. According to the fact that the ratio of the two DN values equals that of their reflectivity, the reflectivity and the tranmittivity can be calculated with the caliberation coefficient, reflection DN of the observed objects and reference plates. The reflectivity and the tranmittivity of interior vegetation leaves can be got by the integrating spheres. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance and transmittivity were archived as text files (.txt).
LI Jing, Li Xiangyun, Qu Yonghua, SUN Qingsong, XIAO Zhiqiang, YU Yingjie, LIU Sihan, BAI Yanfen, WANG Yang, CHEN Shaohui, JIANG Hao, LI Shihua
The data set include crop leaf chlorophyll content observed at four sample regions, that is the soil moisture control experimental field at Daman county, and the EC plots, the super station, and Shiqiao sample plots at Wuxing village in Zhangye city. 1) Objective Crop leaf chlorophyll content, a key biophysical parameter, was observed as model parameter or a priori knowledge for canopy radiative transfer model or eco-hydrological models. 2) Measuring instruments SPAD. 3) Measuring site a. the soil moisture control experimental field at Daman county, Twelve soil water treatments are set. The wheat leaf chlorophyll content for each treatment is measured on 17, 23 and 29 May, and 3, 9, 14 and 24 June, and 5 and 12 July. b. the EC site The maize leaf chlorophyll content at 14 EC site (EC-2,EC-3,EC-5,EC-6,EC-7,EC-8,EC-9, EC-10, EC-11, EC-12, EC-13, EC-14, EC-15, EC-16) are measured on 14, 21, 25 and 31 May, 7, 13, 23 and 28 June, 3, 13, 18 and 23 July, 3, 12 and 28 August. c. the Super Station The maize chlorophyll content at the super station is measured on 22 and 28 May, 5, 11, 18, and 25 June, and 1, 8, 15, 22 and 31 July, 9, 15 and 22 August, and 3 and 11 September. d. the Shiqiao sample site The maize chlorophyll content at the Shiqiao village is measured on 17, 22 and 28 May, 4, 11, 17 and 25 June, 1, 8, 15, 22, and 30 July, 8, 16 and 27 August, and 9 September. 4) Data processing The observational data was recorded in the sheets and reorganized in the EXCEL sheets. The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time.
Xu Fengying, Wang Jing, Huang Yongsheng, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
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