The coverage time of microwave radiometer ice sheet freeze-thaw data set is updated to 2016-2019, with a spatial resolution of 25 km; the remote sensing inversion method based on microwave radiometer adopts the improved wavelet based ice sheet freeze-thaw detection algorithm, which takes into account the change of ice sheet freeze-thaw brightness temperature characteristics in time. First, the long-time brightness temperature data of all ice sheet areas in Greenland is small by using wavelet transform. The multi-scale decomposition of wave is used to analyze the edge information at different scales. Thirdly, the edge information of ice sheet melting and refreezing is separated from the noise by ANOVA. Based on the extracted edge information of long-term brightness and temperature change of ice sheet, the optimal edge threshold of dry snow and wet snow classification is determined by using the generalized Gaussian model, so as to detect the melting area of Greenland ice sheet. Finally, based on the principle of space automatic error correction, the error results caused by noise are detected by using the space neighborhood error correction operator, and the error is corrected manually. The brightness and temperature data of passive microwave in long time series come from SMMR, SSM / I and SSMI / s sensors. To ensure simultaneous interpreting of the brightness temperature of different sensors, simultaneous interpreting of different sensor brightness temperatures is made before freezing and thawing. Through the verification of the actual measurement site, it shows that the detection accuracy of Greenland ice sheet freeze-thaw is more than 70%.
Liang Lei
The microwave radiometer data set comprises brightness temperature data from SMMR (1978-1987), SSM/I (1987-2009) and SSMIS (2009-2015), with temporal coverage from 1978 to 2015 and a spatial resolution of 25 km. Each Antarctic data file consists of 316*332 grids, and each Arctic freeze-thaw data file consists of 304*448 grids. The microwave scatterometer data set comprises backscattering data from QScat (2000-2009) and ASCAT (2009-2015), with a temporal coverage from 2000 to 2015 and a spatial resolution of 4.45 km. Each Antarctic data file consists of 1940*1940 grids, and each Arctic data file consists of 810*680 grids. The temporal resolution of the data set is one day, and the data cover both Antarctica and Arctic ice sheets.
Li Xinwu, Liang Lei
First of all, the data of ice cover elevation change is obtained by using the data of glas12 in 2004 and 2008. In ideal case, each track is strictly repeated. However, due to the track deviation, it can not be guaranteed that the track is strictly repeated according to the design. The deviation varies from several meters to several hundred meters. The grid of 500m * 500m is taken, and the point falling in the same grid is considered as the weight of the repeated track. The elevation change in 2004-2008 is obtained by subtraction of complex points, and the annual elevation change is obtained. Ice sheet elevation change data
HUANG Huabin
This data was reconstructed based on the history of perchlorate from 1956 to 2004 in Miaoergou ice core (94°19 'E,43°03 'N, 4518 m) in east Tianshan mountain. Data content: perchlorate from 1956 to 2004 (including: Cl-, NO3- and SO42-). Data was measured by ESI-MS/MS; Data quality: the blank sample was significantly lower than the sample values, and the quality was good. Data application result and prospect: The data has been published, the detailed information can be found in the published paper. Zhiheng Du, Cunde Xiao, Vasile I. Furdui C,Wangbin Zhang. (2019). The perchlorate record during 1956–2004 from Tienshan ice core, East Asia. Science of the Total Environment. Time range and resolution: 1956-2004 AD, and annual resolution.
Du Zhiheng
This data set includes the temperature, relative humidity, and other daily values at the end of the observation point of the terminus of Naimona’nyi Glacier The data is observed from July 3, 2011 to September 15, 2017. It is measured by automatic meteorological station (Onset Company) and a piece of data is recorded every 60minutes. The original data forms a continuous time series after quality control, and the daily mean index data is obtained through calculation. The original data meets the accuracy requirements of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for meteorological observation. Quality control includes eliminating the systematic error caused by the missing point data and sensor failure. The data is stored as an excel file.
ZHANG Yinsheng
The data of triode ice core mainly comes from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core). The original data is mainly in text format, which is provided by relevant units and researchers voluntarily. The data mainly includes the original observation data such as oxygen isotope, greenhouse gas concentration, ice core age, etc., as well as the historical temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and methane concentration produced by the researchers according to the observation data. The data are mainly divided into Antarctic, Arctic, Greenland and the third polar region. The database includes drilling address, time, derivative products, corresponding observation site data, references and other elements. Derivative products include product name, type, time and other elements. The space location is divided into the south pole, the north pole and the third pole, including Alaska, Canada, Russia, Greenland and other regions. After sorting and post-processing the collected data, the ice core database is established by using the access database management system of Microsoft office. According to the Antarctic, Arctic, Greenland and the third pole, it is divided into four sub databases. The first table in each database is readme, which contains information and references of each data table.
YE Aizhong
This project is based on the data of bioactive elements such as Fe in miaergou ice core (94 ° 19 ′ e, 43 ° 03 ′ n, 4518 m) of the East Tianshan Mountains, and rebuilt the metal element history of 1956-2004. Data content: 1956-2004 ice core metal elements (including Fe, CD, Pb, as, Ba, Al, s, Mn, CO and Ni); data source, through ICP-MS test; data quality: blank sample is significantly lower than sample value, with better quality; data application results and prospects: data has been published, see Du, Z., Xiao, C., Zhang, W., Handley, M. J., mayewski, P. A., Liu, Y., & Li, X. (20. 19). Iron record associated with sandstorms in a central Asian shallow ice core spanning 1956-2004. Atmospheric environment, 203, 121-130. It can provide comparative study of other ice cores in Central Asia.
Du Zhiheng
The Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2), initiated by the United States, has provided detailed oxygen isotope data for a time span of more than 100,000 years, covering almost the entire glacial-interglacial cycle. These data include the oxygen isotope changes from 818 to 1987, with a clear record showing that the Little Ice Age was the coldest period of the past 1000 years. Fluctuating warming occurred from 1850 to 1987, and the changes were consistent with those of GRIP, NGRIP and the latest NEEM ice core obtained in Greenland. This finding indicated that the snow and ice records from the Greenland ice sheet were highly consistent. The physical meaning of each variable is as follows: First column: ice core depth; second column: oxygen isotope value; third column: time
Du Zhiheng
This is the data set of typical glacier changes on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, which includes the Qiangyong Glacier near Yamdrog Yumtso, the Palong Glacier in the Palongzangbu River Basin, the Xiaodongkemadi Glacier on Tanggula Mountain in the central Tibetan Plateau, the No. 2 Anglong Glacier in the Ngari Prefecture in the western Tibetan Plateau, the Aerqieteke Glacier in the Muztagata region, the No. 15 Glacier, the Qiaodumake Glacier, and the Qiyi Glacier in the Qilian Mountains on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. It can be used to study the response of typical glaciers in typical areas of the plateau to climate change. On the ice surface of a typical glacier in a typical area, a steam drill is used to set a length rod. The height of the rod is measured at a fixed time every year and combined with snow pit observations to observe the glacier mass balance. Marks are set on the ground near the terminus of the glacier, and the distance between the marker and the terminus of the glacier is measured to observe changes in the position of the terminus of the glacier. Among the glaciers, there are terminus change data for the Qiaodumake Glacier and No. 94 Palong Glacier. In the data set processing method, a continuous sequence of time and space is formed after the quality control of the original data. It conforms to the accuracy of conventional glacier monitoring and research in China and the world, and it meets the requirements of the comparative study of glacier changes and related climate change records.
Geladaindong ice core records could provide a unique opportunity for studying climatic and environmental changes in the central TP. Based on a 147 m deep ice core drilled by the Sino-US Cooperation Expedition in 2005 at Mt. Geladaindong, we analyzed oxygen and major ion by using MAT253 isotope mass spectrometer and Ion Chromatograph. Multiparametric dating approach is adopted to establish an accurate chronology. Glaciochemical records were reconstructed to reveal the annual climatic and environmental changes during the period of 1477~1982 AD.
KANG Shichang
This data set comprises the observed runoff data of the glacial hydrological stations in the Namco Basin in Tibet from 2006 to 2008. It contains monthly mean runoff data from four regions: the Niyaqu river, Qugaqie river, Zhadang river, and Angqu river. The data were used to study the regional hydrology and water resources. Measurement instrument: propeller flow velocity meter (LS1206B), Hobo water level meter. Spatial location: Niyaqu, East Namco (the road near the lake outlet): 90.2969E, 31.0342N, elevation: 4730 m; Qugaqie, South Namco (road into the lake outlet): 90.6361E, 30.8175N, elevation: 4780 m; End of the Zhadang Glacier: 90.7261E, 30.6878N, elevation: 5400 m; Angqu (bridge near Deqing Town): 90.2839E, 30.6525N, elevation: 4780 m.
YAO Tandong
This is the flow data set observed in 2010 by the glacier hydrological station in the upper reaches of the Rongbu River on Mount Everest, Tibet. The measured section position is 28º22'03''N, 86º56'53' 'E, with an altitude of 4290 meters. It is measured by an LS20B propeller-type current meter by the one-point method. All the data were observed and collected in strict accordance with the Equipment Operating Specifications.
ZHANG Guoshuai
This data set contains conventional ice surface meteorological data for Parlung Glacier No. 4 and debris-covered 24K Glacier in Southeast Tibet from June to September 2016. Meteorological observation instrument model: Campbell data logger CR1000; precipitation observation instrument models: T200B weighing rain cylinder for Parlung Glacier No. 4 and RG-3 tipping rain gauge for 24K Glacier. Acquisition time: 60 minutes. The data were collected automatically, and the data set was processed to form a continuous hourly time series after quality controlling the original data. The data collection sites were Parlung Glacier No. 4 (29.252°N; 96.932°E; 4800 m) and the debris-covered 24K glacier in Southeast Tibet (29.766°N; 95.712°E; 3900 m). Data for Parlung Glacier No. 4 at an elevation of 4800 m: Temperature, unit: °C Relative humidity, unit: % Wind speed, unit, m/s Downward shortwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Upward shortwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Downward longwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Upward longwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Precipitation, unit: mm Data for debris-covered 24K Glacier at an elevation of 3900 m (debris thickness: 25 cm): Temperature, unit: °C Relative humidity, unit: % Wind speed, unit, m/s Downward shortwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Upward shortwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Downward longwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Upward longwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Precipitation, unit: mm Temperature with a debris thickness of 5 cm, unit: °C Temperature with a debris thickness of 10 cm, unit: °C Temperature with a debris thickness of 20 cm, unit: °C
YANG Wei
1.The data content: Yulong snow mountain glacier No.1, mass balance data in 2008-2017 years. 2.Data sources and processing methods: Flower poles are arranged at intervals of 100m in the altitude between 4600m and 4800m in baishui glacier 1, Yulong snow mountain.The ablation was observed at the beginning of may and at the end of August every year.The continuous observation interval is 7 days, in case of the fog, rain, snow and other special circumstances, not visible, will delay the observation time. Mass balance is glacier surface algebra and the amount of accumulation and ablation, reflects the dueling glacier surface per unit area on the end of a material balance, material balance of the average ice changes in status. According to the field observation data, the flower stem observation was a single point of material balance: bn = bs + bi + bsi, bn, bi, bs, bsi, representing a single point of material balance, glacial ice, snow and additional ice equilibrium value and the calculated results indicated on large scale ice figure and topographic map, draw the scope contour for 50 m spacing ablation, accumulated value.In addition, the 4700 m observation point was calculated, monthly flower stem and accumulation of snow melting pit water equivalent. Respectively of accumulation and ablation area between every two adjacent contours, and then calculate the glaciers are melting area gradually glacier melting pure accumulation of C and pure quantity and material balance value B. By using the spatial interpolation method, Arcgis software product contour map, glacier mass balance calculation was realized. The glaciers annual net mass balanceB is 𝐵=Σ𝑏𝑖（𝑠𝑖/S𝑛i）, si for two adjacent contour projection area;Bi for si average net balance;N is the total number of si;S for the total area of the glacier. 3.Data quality description: Flowers rod with a tape measure different positions in the observation of exposed height value, and the height of the rod, the additional section thickness of ice, snow and dirt layer depth, etc. The unit is mm water equivalent w.e. (mm), observed mainly in the melting period. During the period of observation, some flower rod dumping or covered by snow, unable to obtain valid data. 4.Data application results and prospects: The data can provide parameter calibration and verification for the study of glacier dynamics model and simulation.
WANG Shijin
This data set comprises the oxygen isotope, dust, anion and accumulation data of the two ice cores drilled from the Dasuopu glacier on the Tibetan Plateau in 1997. The depth of the Dasuopu ice core 2(C2) is 149.2 meters, while that of the Dasuopu ice core 3(C3) is 167.7 meters. C3 was drilled from the top of the glacier, and C2 was drilled 100 meters below. The data set contains 3 tables: the oxygen isotope, dust, and main anion average data of Dasuopu ice core 3 (1450-1996), the 10-year of oxygen isotope, dust, and main anion average data of Dasuopu ice core 3 (1000-1996), and the accumulation data of Dasuopu ice cores 2 and 3（1442-1996）. Source of the data：National Centers for Environmental Information（http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core） Table 1：The annual average data of oxygen isotope, dust, and main anion of Dasuopu ice core 3 (1450-1996) a. Name interpretation Field 1：time Field 2：oxygen isotope Field 3：dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) Field 4：Cl- Field 5：NO3- Field 6：SO42- b. Dimension（unit of measurement） Field 1：dimensionless Field 2：‰ Field 3：particles/mL Field 4：ppb Field 5：ppb Field 6：ppb Table 2：The 10-year oxygen isotope, dust, and main anion data of Dasuopu ice core 3 (1000-1996) a. Name interpretation Field 1：start time Field 2：end time Field 3：oxygen isotope Field 4：dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) Field 5：Cl- Field 6：NO3- Field 7：SO42- b. Dimension（unit of measurement） Field 1：dimensionless Field 2：dimensionless Field 3：‰ Field 4：particles/mL Field 5：ppb Field 6：ppb Field 7：ppb Table 3：the accumulation data of Dasuopu ice cores 2 and 3 （1442-1996） a. Name interpretation Field 1：time Field 2：ice core 2 Field 3：ice core 3 B. Dimension （unit of measurement） Field 1：dimensionless Field 2：cm/yr Field 3：cm/yr
YAO Tandong
The data include three data sets of Namcu and Muztagh Ata: an atmospheric aerosol data set of monthly average values of TSP, lithium, sodium and other elements; an atmospheric precipitation chemical data set of monthly average values of soluble sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions and other ions; and a data set of chemical compositions of snow ice in the Zhadang Glacier of Namcu Basin of the concentrations of soluble sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions and other ions in snow pits collected in different months. The data can be used in conducting located observations of atmospheric aerosol element content, precipitation chemistry, and glacier snow ice chemical records in the Namco and Muztagh Ata areas. The samples were processed at the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes of CAS using ICS2500 and ICS2000 ion-chromatographic analyzers to determine the concentration of soluble anions and cations in the samples. Data collection and processing: 1. The automatic rain gauges were erected in the typical regions of the Tibetan Plateau (the Namco Basin and the Muztagh Ata Peak area) to collect precipitation samples. The precipitation samples were collected using a SYC-2 type rainfall sampler that comprised a collector, rain sensor and gland drive. The sample collector was provided with a rain collection bucket and a dust collection bucket, and the weather condition was sensed by the rain sensor. The rain collection bucket would be opened when it started to rain, and the gland would be pressed onto the dust collection bucket. Meanwhile, the date and the rain start and end times were automatically recorded. When the rain stopped, the gland automatically flipped to the rain collection bucket to complete a rainfall record. The collected samples were placed in 20 mL clean high-density polyethylene plastic bottles and refrigerated in a -20 °C refrigerator. They were frozen during transportation and storage until right before being analyzed, when they would be taken from the refrigerator and thawed at room temperature (20 °C). They were then processed at the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes CAS using ICS2500 and ICS2000 ion-chromatographic analyzers to determine the concentration of soluble anions and cations in the precipitation. 2. The atmospheric aerosol sampler installed at Namco Station was 4 m above the ground and included a vacuum pump, which was powered by solar panels and batteries. The air flux was recorded by an automatic flow meter, and the instantaneous flow rate was approximately 16.7 L/min. The air flux took the meteorological parameter conversion of the Namco area as the standard volume. A Teflon filter with a diameter of 47 mm and a pore size of 0.4 & mu; m was used. The sample interval was 7 days, and the total sample flow rate of each sample was approximately 120-150 m³. Each sample was individually placed in a disposable filter cartridge and stored at low temperature in a refrigerator. Before and after sampling, the filter was placed in a constant temperature (20 ± 5 °C) and constant humidity (40 & plusmn; 2%) environment for 48 hours and weighed with a 1/10000 electronic balance (AUW220D, Shimadu); the difference between the weights before and after was the weight of the aerosol sample on the filter. The collected samples were processed at the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes CAS by ICP-MS to determine the concentrations of 18 elements. Strict measures were taken during indoor and outdoor operations to prevent possible contamination. 3. A precleaned plastic shovel was used to collect a sample every 5 cm from the lower part of the snow pit (samples were collected every 10 cm in some snow pits). The samples were dissolved at room temperature, placed in 20 mL clean high-density polyethylene plastic bottles and stored in a refrigerator at -20 °C. The samples were frozen during transportation and storage until they were taken out of the refrigerator before the analysis and melted at room temperature. The samples were processed at the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes CAS using ICS2500 and ICS2000 ion-chromatographic analyzers to determine the concentrations of soluble anions and cations in the samples. Clean clothing, disposable masks and plastic gloves should be worn during the manual collection of glacier snow ice chemical samples to prevent contamination. The data set was processed by forming a continuous sequence of monthly mean values after the raw data were quality controlled. It meets the accuracy of routine monitoring research on precipitation, aerosol, snow and ice records in China and the world and is satisfactory for comparative study with relevant climate change records.
KANG Shichang
The Sentinel-1A/B satellite uses a near-polar sun-synchronous orbit with an orbital altitude of 693 km, an orbital inclination of 98.18°, and an orbital period of 99 minutes. It is equipped with a C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with a designed service life of 7 years (12 years expected). Sentinel-l has a variety of imaging methods that enable different polarization modes such as single-polarization and dual-polarization. Sentinel-1A SAR has four working modes: Strip Map Mode (SM), Extra Wide Swath (EW), Interferometric Wide Swath (IW) and Wave Mode (WV). Satellite A was successfully launched in April 2014. The revisit period of the same region was 12 days. Satellite B successfully operated on orbit in April 2016. The current revisiting period reached 3 to 6 days. After the operation of two satellites, the S1 data acquisition frequency in the Antarctic region increased greatly. This data set comprises the Sentinel-1 SAR data for the Antarctic ice sheet and the Greenland Ice Sheet area. The data band comprises C-band extra wide multiview data with a resolution of 20 m*40 m. The temporal resolution is 12 days and is related to the round-trip period, the width is 400 km, the noise level is -25 dB, and the radiation measurement accuracy is 1.0 dB. The annual temporal coverage of these data is October to the next March in the Antarctic and April to September in Greenland, and the spatial coverage comprises the Antarctic ice sheet ice shelf area and Greenland ice sheet.
Lu Zhang
This data set contains oxygen isotope data from 1010 to 2005. It is used to study environmental changes in the Xixiabangma area of the Tibetan Plateau. The ice core oxygen isotope is measured by instrument. This data set is obtained from laboratory measurements. The data are obtained immediately after the completion of the instrument or experiment. The samples and data are collected in strict accordance with relevant operating procedures at all stages and comply with the laboratory operating standards. This data contains two fields: Field 1: The time AD. Field 2: The oxygen isotope ‰.
TIAN Lide
This dataset is the spatial distribution map of the marshes in the source area of the Yellow River near the Zaling Lake-Eling Lake, covering an area of about 21,000 square kilometers. The data set is classified by the Landsat 8 image through an expert decision tree and corrected by manual visual interpretation. The spatial resolution of the image is 30m, using the WGS 1984 UTM projected coordinate system, and the data format is grid format. The image is divided into five types of land, the land type 1 is “water body”, the land type 2 is “high-cover vegetation”, the land type 3 is “naked land”, and the land type 4 is “low-cover vegetation”, and the land type 5 is For "marsh", low-coverage vegetation and high-coverage vegetation are distinguished by vegetation coverage. The threshold is 0.1 to 0.4 for low-cover vegetation and 0.4 to 1 for high-cover vegetation.
Li Xinwu, Liang Lei
This dataset contains the glacier outlines in Qilian Mountain Area in 2015. The dataset was produced based on classical band ratio criterion and manual editing. Chinese GF series images collected in 2018 were used as basic data for glacier extraction. Google images and Map World images were employed as reference data for manual adjusting. The dataset was stored in SHP format and attached with the attributions of coordinates, glacier ID and glacier area. Consisting of 1 season, the dataset has a spatial resolution of 2 meters. The accuracy is about 1 pixel (±2 meter). The dataset directly reflects the glacier distribution within the Qilian Mountain in 2018, and can be used for quantitative estimation of glacier mass balance and the quantitative assessment of glacier change’s impact on basin runoff.
Li Jia, Li Jia, LI Jia, LI Jia, WANG Yingzheng, LI Jianjiang, LI Xin, LIU Shaomin
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