1) Data content: the data in this report is the EPMA data and calculation results of different types of biotite in Bangpu deposit, which is a systematic summary of the geochemical characteristics of biotite in porphyry metallogenic system. 2) After drilling, the sample is processed, and the source of the sample and the relevant data are calculated by combining the chemical probe and the experience. 3) Data quality review: the samples are collected according to typical samples, and the sample test refers to the laboratory analysis specifications and technical requirements. The data results are finally published in the form of papers and peer review. 4) Data application achievements and prospects: the systematic summary of the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of biotite in Bangpu mining area preliminarily reveals the exploration indication significance of biotite, which is helpful to finally construct the index mineral exploration evaluation model.
LIN Bin , TANG Pan
1) Data content: the data in this report is the electron probe data and calculation results of different types of pyrrhotite in Jiama mining area. It is a systematic summary of the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of pyrrhotite in different output states of porphyry metallogenic system. 2) After drilling, the sample is processed, and the source of the sample and the relevant data are calculated by combining the chemical probe and the experience. 3) Data quality review: the samples are collected according to typical samples, and the sample test refers to the laboratory analysis specifications and technical requirements. The data results are finally published in the form of papers and peer review. 4) Data application achievements and prospects: a systematic summary of the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of pyrrhotite in Jiama mining area, which preliminarily reveals the coupling relationship between pyrrhotite and gold mineralization and the significance of exploration indication, which is conducive to the final construction of the index mineral exploration and evaluation model.
LIN Bin , YANG Yang
Based on the systematic study of deposit alteration, geological characteristics of mineralization, diagenetic and metallogenic age, source of diagenetic and metallogenic minerals, metallogenic background, geophysical survey and hyperspectral survey, a comprehensive exploration model of tiegelongnan, Jiama, Beiya, junuo and Zaxikang cuonadong deposits is established. The data involved in the geochemical model are completed by laboratories recognized in the industry, Geophysical and short wave infrared data are all completed by the entrusted geological team. The work completion degree is high and the data quality is good. The established deposit exploration model can better guide the future prospecting and exploration work, provide a theoretical basis for prospecting and exploration, and has a good application prospect.
WANG Liqiang
Pusangguo is a high-grade copper polymetallic deposit dominated by skarn. It is the only large copper lead zinc cobalt nickel deposit in the Gangdise metallogenic belt (GMB); There are few records of magmatic rocks related to the deposit, and its petrogenesis and geodynamic background are not clear. In order to explore these problems, we provided zircon u – Pb ages, Hf isotope, whole rock geochemistry and Sr – nd – Pb isotope data of Busan fruit biotite granodiorite (PBG) and Busan fruit diorite porphyrite (PDP) in the deposit. Entrusted the analysis and testing center of Beijing Institute of geology of nuclear industry and the State Key Laboratory of geological process and mineral resources of China University of Geosciences (Beijing); The fresh rock samples were ground to 200 mesh without pollution for analyzing the main and trace elements and Sr nd Pb isotopic values of the whole rock. Zircon U-Pb Dating: Zircon was glued to the slide with double-sided adhesive, covered with PVC ring, and then epoxy resin and curing agent were fully mixed and injected into the PVC ring. After the resin is completely cured, the sample target is stripped from the glass slide, ground and polished, and then the sample on the target is photographed by reflected light and transmitted light under microscope and cathode fluorescence photography. According to the cathodoluminescence, reflected light and transmitted light photos of zircon, the appropriate (interested) zircon dating domain is selected. The data results are good.
LI Zhuang , WANG Liqiang
(1) This data set contains a variety of heavy metal concentration data in multi-media, which is of great significance to explore the internal relationship between heavy metal pollution evaluation and heavy metal distribution in water; (2) The data source is to collect water, soil, crops and other samples from Huangshui River and its tributaries on the spot, send them to the laboratory for pretreatment, and complete the detection with relevant instruments; (3) The data set is of high quality and the sampling process is standardized. After collection, the samples are quickly stored in the - 4 ℃ refrigerator and sent to the laboratory for testing. The testing process is strictly carried out in accordance with relevant standards; (4) The data set can be mainly used for ecological risk and health risk assessment, spatial distribution analysis, source analysis, correlation analysis and so on.
ZHANG Fengsong
This data is the comprehensive monitoring data set of Nadi gully debris flow (2021) produced by automatic rainfall station, mud level monitor and line collision sensor. The above data collection points are nadigou debris flow monitoring points in Jiuzhaigou County scenic area, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The monitoring data are mainly analyzed by Sichuan Institute of land and space ecological restoration and geological disaster prevention and control. The instruments used include dd-zxcg-001 line collision sensor, dd-ylj-001 automatic rainfall station and dd-nwj-001 mud level monitor. The collection time is 2021.
ZHANG Qun
This data is the comprehensive monitoring data set of mid season sea mud and stone flow (2021) generated through the measurement of automatic rainfall station, mud level monitor and line collision sensor. The above data collection points are the monitoring points of seasonal sea mud and stone flow in Jiuzhaigou County scenic spot, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The monitoring data are mainly analyzed by Sichuan Institute of land and space ecological restoration and geological disaster prevention and control. The instruments used include dd-ylj-001 automatic rainfall station and dd-nwj-001 mud level monitor. The data is processed by Excel and Origin software. The collection time is 2021.
ZHANG Qun
A new species, Yuomys robustus of the ctenodactyloid rodent Yuomys, is described in the paper. It is from the Western margin of the Ordos Basin District in eastern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. Yuomys robustus is characterized by a combination of features: large size, high tooth crown, having a postparacrista on M2 and lacking hypocone on P4. We also emended the diagnosis of type species of Yuomys, Y. cavioides. It is characterized by the absence of hypocone on P4, having a distinct ridge connecting the metaconule to the protocone on M1–M3, a postparacrista on M1, a mesostyle on M2, and a small ridge or spur on the mesial side of the protoloph on P4 and M1; the hypoconid smaller than the protoconid and is elongated, the paraconid absent and the mesostylid faintly visible on p4, but well developed on m1–m3; the talonid basin, sinusid, and posteroflexid are large and open on lower cheek teeth. The occurrence of Lophiomeryx angarae in the same stratigraphic layer as Y. robustus indicates that the horizon is possibly late Eocene in age, not early Oligocene as suggested by previous workers. Body mass estimations of Y. cavioides, Y. eleganes, and Y. robustus show that their weights are roughly in the range of 485–880 g, which is in between those of extant Myospalax and Ratufa. From the middle Eocene to the late Eocene, Yuomys exhibited a trend of gradually enlarging the cheek teeth, and increasing the tooth crown height and body mass.
LI Qiang
Since the evolution of flight ability, bats have experienced large-scale adaptive radiation and diffusion. Bat fossils have been known since the early Eocene in most continents. Bat fossils have not been reported in Asia since the Eocene. Here, we report two early Eocene bat tooth fossils from the Junggar Basin in Northern Xinjiang, China. It is the earliest known bat fossil record in Asia and may be the most primitive bat molar recognized at present. These teeth have both the common derivation of modern bats and the original characters found in other placental mammals, so it is of certain significance to reconstruct the evolution history of bats' teeth. The bat tooth fossils in Junggar Basin show that the tooth characteristics of this kind of basal Chiroptera onychonyteridae family are very advanced, but the skeletal anatomy of the posterior part of its head is more basal than that of other Eocene bats. The discovery of the early Eocene backbone type bats in Central Asia further suggests that this region is the evolutionary center of the transition type of early bats, which has been confirmed in other placental mammals, such as rodents and lepidoformes. This data includes the PDF of the original paper and the illustrations of the original resolution paper (including fossils, strata and phylogenetic trees), which can be directly cited by authorization. The data source is shooting or drawing. The data includes original pictures with high definition. It can be used for further citation and scientific communication.
NI Xijun
Holding particular biological resources, the Tibetan Plateau is a unique geologic-geographic-biotic interactively unite and hence play an important role in the global biodiversity domain. The Tibetan Plateau has undergone vigorous environmental changes since the Cenozoic, and played roles switching from “a paradise of tropical animals and plants” to “the cradle of Ice Age mammalian fauna”. Recent significant paleontological discoveries have refined a big picture of the evolutionary history of biodiversity on that plateau against the backdrop of major environmental changes, and paved the way for the assessment of its far-reaching impact upon the biota around the plateau and even in more remote regions. Here, based on the newly reported fossils from the Tibetan Plateau which include diverse animals and plants, we present a general review of the changing biodiversity on the Tibetan Plateau and its influence in a global scale. We define the Tibetan Plateau as a junction station of the history of modern biodiversity, whose performance can be categorized in the following three patterns: (1) Local origination of endemism; (2) Local origination and “Out of Tibet”; (3) Intercontinental dispersal via Tibet. The first pattern is exemplified by the snow carps, the major component of the freshwater fish fauna on the plateau, whose temporal distribution pattern of the fossil schizothoracines approximately mirrors the spatial distribution pattern of their living counterparts. Through ascent with modification, their history reflects the biological responses to the stepwise uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. The second pattern is represented by the dispersal history of some mammals since the Pliocene and some plants. The ancestors of some Ice Age mammals, e.g., the wholly rhino, Arctic fox, and argali sheep first originated and evolved in the uplifted and frozen Tibet during the liocene, and then migrated toward the Arctic regions or even the North American continent at beginning of the Ice Age; the ancestor of pantherines (big cats) first rose in Tibetan Plateau during the Pliocene, followed by the disperse of its descendants to other parts of Asia, Africa, North and South America to play as top predators of the local ecosystems. The early members of some plants, e.g., Elaeagnaceae appeared in Tibet during the Late Eocene and then dispersed and were widely distributed to other regions. The last pattern is typified by the history of the tree of heaven (Ailanthus) and climbing perch. Ailanthus originated in the Indian subcontinent, then colonized into Tibet after the Indian-Asian plate collision, and dispersed therefrom to East Asia, Europe and even North America. The climbing perches among freshwater fishes probably rose in Southeast Asia during the Middle Eocene, dispersed to Tibet and then migrated into Africa via the docked India. These cases highlight the role of Tibet, which was involved in the continental collision, in the ntercontinental biotic interchanges. The three evolutionary patterns
SHI Jingsong
The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) can accurately reflect the surface vegetation coverage. At present, NDVI time series data based on spot / vegetation and MODIS satellite remote sensing images have been widely used in the research of vegetation dynamic change monitoring, land use / cover change detection, macro vegetation cover classification and net primary productivity estimation in various scale regions. The spatial distribution data set of 1km vegetation index (NDVI) in Southeast Tibet is in MODIS（ https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/ ）Based on the 16 day 1km surface reflectance data (mod13), the monthly vegetation index data set since 2000 is generated by the maximum synthesis method. The data set effectively reflects the distribution and change of vegetation cover in Southeast Tibet on spatial and temporal scales. It has very important reference significance for the monitoring of vegetation change, the rational utilization of vegetation resources and other fields related to ecological environment. Monthly NDVI data is the maximum value of monthly NDVI data, and the data acquisition time is from February 2000 to December 2018. The downloaded data is in grid format with a spatial resolution of 1km.
WANG Hao
As one of the most complete archaic human fossils, the Harbin cranium provides critical evidence for studying the diversification of the Homo genus and the origin of Homo sapiens. However, the unsystematic recovery of this cranium and a long and confused history since the discovery impede its accurate dating. Here, we carried out a series of geochemical analyses, including non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF), rare earth elements (REE), and the Sr isotopes, to test the reported provenance of the Harbin cranium and get better stratigraphic constraints. The results show that the Harbin cranium has very similar XRF element distribution patterns, REE concentration patterns, and Sr isotopic compositions to those of the Middle Pleistocene-Holocene mammalian and human fossils recently recovered from the Harbin area. The sediments adhered in the nasal cavity of the Harbin cranium have a 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.711898, falling in the variation range measured in a core drilled near the Dongjiang Bridge, where the cranium was discovered during its reconstruction. The regional stratigraphic correlations indicate that the Harbin cranium was probably from the upper part of the Upper Huangshan Formation of the Harbin area, which has an optically stimulated luminescence dating constraint between 138 and 309 ka. U-series disequilibrium dating (n = 10) directly on the cranium suggests that the cranium is older than 146 ka. The multiple lines of evidence from our experiments consistently support the theory that the Harbin cranium is from the late Middle Pleistocene of the Harbin area. Our study also shows that geochemical approaches can provide reliable evidence for locating and dating unsystematically recovered human fossils, and potentially can be applied to other human fossils without clear provenance and stratigraphy records.
NI Xijun
More than 100,000 years ago, several human species coexisted in Asia, Europe, and Africa - A completely preserved fossil human cranium discovered in the Harbin area provides critical evidence for understanding the evolution of humans and the origin of our species - The Harbin cranium has a large cranial capacity (1,420 mL) falling in the range ofmodern humans, but is combined with a mosaic of primitive and derived characters - Our comprehensive phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Harbin cranium represents a new sister lineage for Homo sapiens - A multi-directional “shuttle dispersal model” is more likely to explain the complex phylogenetic connections among African and Eurasian Homo species/populations
NI Xijun
In eastern Asia, several Middle-Late Pleistocene human fossils, such as the Dali, Jinniushan, Hualongdong, and Harbin crania, evidently resemble each other and are phylogenetically closer to H. sapiens than to H. neanderthalensis or other archaic humans. The Harbin cranium is the best preserved of this group. It shows a mosaic combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic features. Here, we suggest that the Harbin skull should be recognized as a new species of Homo.
NI Xijun
The fossil records of large amphicyonids in Asia are rare and fragmentary, and their evolution and dispersal are also unclear. Here we present new dental material from Laogou, Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, belonging to the Hujialiang Formation, Middle Miocene. The new material is very similar to Amphicyon zhanxiangi from the Dingjia’ergou fauna of the Zhang’enbao Formation, Tongxin, Ningxia, and can be referred to this species. It is younger than the Tongxin material and differs from the latter by having better-distinguished cusps in upper molars, supporting this species is probably the ancestor to the omnivorous Arctamphicyon found in the Siwaliks, Yuanmou, and the Lower Irrawaddy. This lineage might immigrate to southern and southeastern Asia by the Late Miocene, and adapted to an increasing omnivorous diet due to more available plant material in tropical and subtropical regions.
QIGAO Jiangzuo
1) Data content: changes in genetic diversity of 10 amphibians and reptiles on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the face of future climate change. 2) Data source and processing method: Based on the bar code data of 10 amphibians and reptiles on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, combined with SDM, MPTP approach and other software, the genetic diversity and distribution in 2050, 2070 and 2090 in the future are constructed. 3) Data quality description: the data quality is verified, and the data analysis personnel are strictly trained in the laboratory. 4) Results and prospects of data application: it is found that amphibians and reptiles distributed in the north of Qinghai Tibet Plateau need more attention in protection.
SHEN Wenjing
To describe the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas We extracted total RNA from 15 Muscovy Duck brain, lung and liver tissues, 10 guinea fowl brain, heart and kidney tissues, 12 pig liver tissues, 8 pig muscle tissues and 45 dog brain, liver and spleen tissues, and used Illumina 2000 platform to carry out two terminal sequencing to obtain transcriptome Re sequenced data. This data set contains 1 data information sheet (Excel) and 90 transcriptome raw data (fastq). The data information sheet records the basic information such as sample collection time, collection place and sequencing time. It provides basic data for exploring the historical events of domestication, migration and expansion of main domestic animals in the pan third pole region, and further discusses the environmental adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals.
PENG Minsheng
To describe the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas We extracted total DNA from 50 muscovy duck blood collected from Guangdong, Hainan, Zhejiang, Hunan and Guizhou provinces of China, carried out two-terminal sequencing using Illumina 2000 platform, and obtained 50 Muscovy Duck genome re sequencing data. This data set contains a data information table (Excel) and 50 genome raw data (fastq). The data information table records the basic information such as sample collection time, collection place and sequencing time. It provides basic data for exploring the historical events of Muscovy Duck domestication, migration and expansion in Pan third pole area, and further discusses the environmental adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals.
PENG Minsheng
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify their related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource bank. In 2021, we collected a total of 267 samples of blood, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle, fat, large intestine, small intestine, stomach and testis of large forehead cattle (Dulong cattle) in Yunnan Province. This data set contains basic sample information such as sample species, species, detailed sampling place, gender, sample type, collection time, collector and storage method, as well as individual photos. The solid samples are stored in the wildlife germplasm resource bank and Animal Germplasm Resource Bank in Southwest China.
LI Yan
In August 2020, the forage supply and supplementary feeding of herdsmen in northern Tibet and Sanjiangyuan areas of Tibet were investigated. Northern Tibet includes 204 samples. The research areas include Dangxiong County of Lhasa City, seni District of Naqu City, Baqing County, Suo County, such as County, Jiali County, bango County, Ando County, NIMA County, Cuoqin County, Gaize County, Gar County, Ritu County, Pulan county and Zada county. The research indicators include contracted grassland area, grazing forbidden area, grass storage balance grassland area, number of livestock, etc. There are 224 survey samples of herdsmen in Sanjiangyuan area of Qinghai. The survey areas include Maqin County, Gande County, Maduo County, Jiuzhi County, Bama County, dari County of Golog Prefecture and paoqian County, Zaduo County, Yushu county and Chengduo County of Yushu prefecture. The research indicators include the quantity of purchased feed and self-produced feed raised by livestock.
FAN Yuzhi
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