The dataset of spectral reflectance observations was obtained by ASD (Analytical Sepctral Devices) in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas. Reflectance was calculated based on the equation R = (DN1/DN0)×R0, DN1 indicating DN of the targets, R0 and DN0 the reflectance and DN of the grey board. The reflectance spectra of maize and wheat canopy, the component leaf of the maize and BRDF in Yingke oasis maize field, Yingke oasis wheat field, Huazhaizi desert maize field, the transect spectrum in Huazhaizi desert No. 1 and 2 plots and Linze and Biandukou foci experimental area were measured on May 20, 24, 25, 28 and 30, Jun. 1, 4, 9, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29 and 30, Jul. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 11, 2008. Four ASD devices were used, from Peking University (350-2500nm), Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (350-2500nm), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (350-1065nm) and BNU respectively. The reference boards were 40%, 50% and 99%. The above spectral reflectance dataset was synchronizing with WiDAS (Wide-angle Infrared Dual-mode line/area Array Scanner), OMIS-II and various spaceborne sensors. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format.
CHEN Ling, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, XIAO Yueting, YAN Guangkuo, ZHOU Hongmin, GE Yingchun, LI Xin, SHU Lele, GUANG Jie, LIU Sihan, SU Gaoli, XIA Chuanfu, Wen Jianguang, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, FAN Wenjie, TAO Xin, YAN Binyan, YAO Yanjuan, YANG Guijun, CHENG Zhanhui, Liu Liangyun, YANG Tianfu
The data is the digitization of the Heihe River basin part of the 1:1 million Vegetation Atlas of China, 1:1000, 000 Vegetation Atlas of China is edited by academician Hou Xueyu, a famous vegetation ecologist (Hou Xueyu, 2001). It is jointly compiled by more than 250 experts from 53 units such as research institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences, relevant ministries and commissions, relevant departments of various provinces and regions, colleges and universities. It is another summative achievement of vegetation ecologists in China over 40 years after the publication of monographs such as vegetation of China Basic map of natural resources and natural conditions of the family. It is based on the rich first-hand information accumulated by vegetation surveys carried out throughout the country over the past half century, and the materials obtained by modern technologies such as aerial remote sensing and satellite images, as well as the latest research achievements in geology, soil science and climatology. It reflects in detail the distribution of vegetation units of 11 vegetation type groups, 796 formations and sub formations of 54 vegetation types, horizontal and vertical zonal distribution laws, and also reflects the actual distribution of more than 2000 dominant species of plants, major crops and cash crops in China, as well as the close relationship between dominant species and soil and ground geology. The atlas is a kind of realistic vegetation map, reflecting the recent quality of vegetation in China.
HOU Xueyu
The dataset of LAI measurements was obtained by LI-3000, the protractor and the ruler in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on May, 20, 24, 25, 28 and 31, Jun. 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 21 and 27, Jul. 2 and 9, 2008. The maximum leaf length and width of maize and wheat, the leaf angle, length and width of each section (one leaf was divided into 3 sections) were measured. And also the plant height, leaf base height, the crop spacing, the canopy height, row spacing and ridge spacing were measured. Two representative plants would be taken back for indoor observation for the stem length, stem width, stem circumference, and leaf area by LAI3000. Data were archived in Excel format.
CHEN Ling, REN Huazhong, WANG Tianxing, WANG Jindi, XIAO Yueting, YAN Guangkuo, LI Li, LIU Sihan, SU Gaoli, Wen Jianguang, XIA Chuanfu, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, FAN Wenjie, SHEN Xinyi, TAO Xin, YAN Binyan, YAO Yanjuan
The dataset of diurnal FPAR change observations was obtained in the Yingke oasis foci experimental areas. Observation items included: (1) Maize canopy reflectance spectra by ASD and 50% grey board, leaf SPAD by the chlorophyll meter and leaf photosynthesis by LI-6400 in Yingke oasis maize field on Jul. 5, 2008 (fixed point observations from 10:00-20:00 at intervals of one hour, and half an hour from 16:00) Besides, Photo: photosynthetic rate (µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), Cond: stomatal conductance (mol H2O m-2 s-1), Ci: intercellular CO2 viscosity (µmol CO2 mol-1), Trmmol: transpiration rate (mmol H2O m-2 s-1), VpdL: vapor pressure deficiency of leaves (kPa), Tleaf: leaf temperature (°C), ParIn_µm: active radiation of interior photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1), and ParOutµm: active radiation of outdoor photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1) were all archived. (2) Maize canopy reflectance spectra, leaf photosynthesis and diurnal FPAR change by ASD (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications), 50% grey board (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications), LI-6400 (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications) and SUNSCAN (Beijing academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences). Based on calibration lamp data (serial number: 64831), radiance spectrum on Jul. 9 by 1050 spectrometer (Beijing academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences) and 50% grey board and 99% white board calibration data, the spectrum data were preprocessed. Calibration was undertaken in accordance with the following precedures: a) The original DN was converted into radiance and further into readable EXCEL format by the spectrometer-matched calibration lamp data and ASD. b) Solar radiance was got by 99% white board radiance. solar radiance=the reference board radiance/the reference board reflectance. c) Spectrum from Agriculture and Forestry Sciences was sampled at an interval of 1.438nm, which was made into data at 1nm intervals by segmentation interpolation. d) Based on b=16.087a (where a is radiance before fitting and b after fitting), radiance data got by 68731 spectrograph were processed. The original maize leaf photosynthesis data (by LI-6400) were introduced into EXCEL format, diurnal changes of each leaf were archived as one single unit according to leaf classification. Maize FPAR (the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation) was got by FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR= FPAR×canopy PAR. The unit for PAR was µmol m-2 s-1. The data included number (the whole leaf), observation time (hh:mm:ss), upper light (µmol m-2 s-1), upper reflectivity (µmol m-2 s-1), lower light (µmol m-2 s-1), lower reflectivity (µmol m-2 s-1) and Spread: variation coefficients of the probe optical intensity.
WANG Dacheng, YANG Guijun, CHENG Zhanhui, Liu Liangyun
China 1:100000 data of land use is a major application in the Chinese Academy of Sciences "five-year" project "the national resources and environment remote sensing macroscopic investigation and study of dynamic organized 19 Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of remote sensing science and technology team, by means of satellite remote sensing, in three years based on Landsat MSS, TM and ETM remote sensing data established China 1:100000 images and vector of land use database.The main contents include: China 1:100,000 land use data;China 1:100,000 land use graph data and attribute data. The data was directly clipped from China's 1:100,000 land-use data.A hierarchical land cover classification system was adopted for the land use data of heihe basin of 1:100,000, and the whole basin was divided into 6 primary categories (arable land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural areas, industrial and mining areas, residential land and unused land) and 26 secondary categories.The data type is vector polygon, which is stored in Shape format.There are two types of data projection: WGS84/ALBERS;Data coverage covers the new heihe watershed boundary (lack of outer Mongolia data). Land use classification attributes: The first class type and the second class type attributes encode the spatial distribution position Cultivated paddy field 113 is mainly distributed in alluvial plain, basin and valley Cultivated paddy field 112 distributed in hilly valley narrow valley platform or beach (with irrigation conditions) Cultivated paddy field 111 is mainly distributed in mountain valley narrow valley platform or beach (with better irrigation conditions) Arable land 124 is mainly distributed in mountainous areas, the slope is generally more than 25 degrees (belongs to the steep slope hanging land), should be returned to forest. Cultivated dry land 123 is mainly distributed in basins, piedmont belts, river alluvial, diluvial or lacustrine plains (water shortage and poor irrigation conditions). Cultivated dry land 122 is mainly distributed in hilly areas (shaanxi, gan, ning, qing).In general, the plot is distributed on gentle slopes and x and sockets of hills. Arable land 121 is mainly distributed in the mountainous area, with an elevation of 4000 meters below the slope (gentle slope, mountainside, steep slope platform, etc.) and mountain front belt. Woodlands have woodlands (trees) 21 mainly distributed in the mountains (below 4000 meters above sea level) or in the slope, valley two slopes, mountain tops, plains.In qinghai nanshan, qilian mountains are. Woodland shrub 22 is mainly distributed in the higher mountain areas (below 4500 m), most of the distribution of hillside and valley and sand. Forest dredging 23 mainly distributed in the mountains, hills, plains and sandy land, gobi (soil, gravel) edge. Other woodlands 24 are mainly distributed in the oasis ridge, river, roadside and rural residential areas around. Grassland 31 is generally distributed in mountainous areas (gentle slopes), hills (steep slopes) and interriver beaches, gobi desert, sandy hills, etc. The covered grassland 32 is mainly distributed in dry places (next door low-lying land and sandy hills, etc.). Grassland low cover grassland 33 mainly grows in drier places (loess hills and sandy edges). The river channel 41 is mainly distributed in the plain, the cultivated land between the rivers and the valleys in the mountains. Water lakes are mainly distributed in low-lying areas. The reservoirs are mainly distributed in the intermountain lowlands and intersandy hills in qinghai province. Water area glaciers and permanent snow 44 mainly distributed in the plain, the valley between the river, there are surrounding residents and arable land. Waters and beaches are mainly distributed on the top of (over 4000) mountains.
WANG Jianhua, LIU Jiyuan
The dataset of spectral reflectance observations of the Picea crassifolia was obtained at the super site around the Dayekou Guantan forest station. Six measurements were carried out altogether, including three outdoors and three indoors. (1) Outdoor multiangle (-60°, -50°, -40°, -30°, -20°, -0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50° and 60°) and four-component (the sunshine and the shaded canopy, the sunshine and the shaded land) spectrum of Qinghai spruce was measured by ASD, FieldSpec Pro and the observation platform (of BNU make) on Jun. 10 and 11, 2008. Optical fibres of 1m and 10m were used as required. Data were archived as Excel files. (2) Indoor observations by the integrating sphere, Li－Cor 1800-12s (BNU), ASD and FieldSpec Pro were carried out on Jun. 5, 0 and 10, 2008. They were mainly for trees of different ages, reflectance of Qinghai spruce bark, and reflectance and transmission. The data can only be opened by ASD ViewSpecPro; the processed spreadsheet file can be opened by Microsoft Excel. (3) Vertical ground object (scrub, meadow, moss, the shaded moss, litter, the bare land, Qinghai spruce of different ages) spectrum was measured by ASD and FieldSpec Pro on Jun. 4, 2008. Optical fibres of 1m and 10m were used as required.
SONG Jinling, FU Zhuo, GUO Xinping, WANG Xinyun, WANG Qiang, WANG Bengyu
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with Landsat TM was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on May 20, 2008. Observation items included: (1) LAI in Yingke oasis maize field. The maximum leaf length and width of each alfalfa and barley were measured. Data were archived in Excel format. (2) Reflectance spectra in Yingke oasis maize field by ASD FieldSpec (350-2500nm, the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation) from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (CAS), and in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by ASD FieldSpec (350-1603nm, the vertical observation and the transect observation for reaumuria soongorica and the bare land) from Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The grey board and the black and white cloth were also used for calibration spectrum. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (3) the radiative temperature by 3 handheld radiometers in Yingke oasis maize field (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, BNU and Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources respectively, the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation), and by 3 handheld infrared thermometers in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (the vertical vegetation and bare land observation). The data included raw data (in Word format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (4) the radiative temperature of maize, wheat and the bare land of Yingke oasis maize field by ThermaCAM SC2000 (1.2m above the ground, FOV = 24°×18°). The data included raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (archived in Excel format). (5) Photosynthesis of maize, wheat and the bare land of Yingke oasis maize field by LI6400, carried out according to WATER specifications. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format (by notepat.exe) and processed data were in Excel format. (6) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format. (7) Atmospheric parameters in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (8) Coverage fraction of Reaumuria soongorica by the self-made coverage instrument and the camera (2.5m-3.5m above the ground) in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot. Based on the length of the measuring tape and the bamboo pole, the size of the photo can be decided. GPS data was used for the location and the technology LAB was used to retieve the coverage fractionof the green vegetation. Besides, such related information as the surrounding environment was also recorded. Data included the vegetation iamge and coverage (by .exe). (9) The radiative temperature of Reaumuria soongorica canopy and the bare land by 2 fixed automatic thermometers (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 0.95) in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot, observing straight downwards at intervals of 1s. Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format.
CHAI Yuan, CHEN Ling, KANG Guoting, LI Jing, QIAN Yonggang, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, WANG Jindi, XIAO Zhiqiang, YAN Guangkuo, SHU Lele, GUANG Jie, LI Li, Liu Qiang, LIU Sihan, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Hao, ZHOU Chunyan, TAO Xin, YAN Binyan, YAO Yanjuan, TIAN Jing, LI Xiaoyu
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with MODIS, ALOS PALSAR and AMSR-E was obtained in the Biandukou foci experimental area on May 24, 2008. Observation items included: (1) the surface temperature in No. 1 (grassland), No. 2 (the rape land), No. 3 (the rape land), No. 4 (the wheat land) and No. 5 quadrate (wheat and rape); (2) the soil moisture by WET in No. 2 quadrate; (3) GPR and WET; (4) The spectrum by ASD Fieldspec FRTM (Boulder, Co, USA), 350nm-2500nm, 3nm for the visible near-infrared band and 10nm for the shortwave infrared band). The spectrum data were archived in the ASCII format, with the first five rows as the file header and the following two columns as wavelength (nm) and reflectance (percentage) respectively, and can be opened by .txt or wordpad. The .txt file was not reflectance but intermediate file for further calculation. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro). The surface radiative temperature and the physical temperature were measured by the handheld infrared thermometer. Besides, the cover type was also recorded. The data can be opened by Microsoft Office. Soil moisture was acquired by WET and the cutting ring. The data can be opened by Microsoft Office. Six data files were included, soil moisture, the surface temperature, GPR, coverage photos and preprocessed data, ground objects spectrum and satellite images.
BAI Yunjie, CAO Yongpan, CHE Tao, DU Ziqiang, HAO Xiaohua, WANG Zhixia, WU Yueru, CHAI Yuan, CHANG Sheng, QIAN Yonggang, SUN Xiaoqing, WANG Jindi, YAO Dongping, ZHAO Shaojie, ZHENG Yue, ZHAO Yingshi, LI Xiaoyu, PATRICK Klenk, HUANG Bo, LI Shihua, LUO Zhen
This dataset is the Fractional Vegetation Cover observation in the artificial oasis experimental region of the middle stream of the Heihe River Basin. The observations lasted for a vegetation growth cycle from May 2012 to September 2012 (UTC+8). Instruments and measurement method: Digital photography measurement is implemented to measure the FVC. Plot positions, photographic method and data processing method are dedicatedly designed. Details are described in the following: 0. In field measurements, a long stick with the camera mounted on one end is beneficial to conveniently measure various species of vegetation, enabling a larger area to be photographed with a smaller field of view. The stick can be used to change the camera height; a fixed-focus camera can be placed at the end of the instrument platform at the front end of the support bar, and the camera can be operated by remote control. 1. For row crop like corn, the plot is set to be 10×10 m2, and for the orchard, plot scale is 30×30 m2. Shoot 9 times along two perpendicularly crossed rectangular-belt transects. The picture generated of each time is used to calculate a FVC value. “True FVC” of the plot is then acquired as the average of these 9 FVC values. 2. The photographic method used depends on the species of vegetation and planting pattern: Low crops (<2 m) in rows in a situation with a small field of view (<30 ), rows of more than two cycles should be included in the field of view, and the side length of the image should be parallel to the row. If there are no more than two complete cycles, then information regarding row spacing and plant spacing are required. The FVC of the entire cycle, that is, the FVC of the quadrat, can be obtained from the number of rows included in the field of view. 3. High vegetation in rows (>2 m) Through the top-down photography of the low vegetation underneath the crown and the bottom-up photography beneath the tree crown, the FVC within the crown projection area can be obtained by weighting the FVC obtained from the two images. Next, the low vegetation between the trees is photographed, and the FVC that does not lie within the crown projection area is calculated. Finally, the average area of the tree crown is obtained using the tree crown projection method. The ratio of the crown projection area to the area outside the projection is calculated based on row spacing, and the FVC of the quadrat is obtained by weighting. 4. FVC extraction from the classification of digital images. Many methods are available to extract the FVC from digital images, and the degree of automation and the precision of identification are important factors that affect the efficiency of field measurements. This method, which is proposed by the authors, has the advantages of a simple algorithm, a high degree of automation and high precision, as well as ease of operation.
MU Xihan, HUANG Shuai, MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with ASTER was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on May 28, 2008. Observation items included: (1) Atmospheric parameters in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (2) Photosynthesis by LI-6400. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format (by notepat.exe) and processed data were in Excel format. (3) Reflectance spectra in Yingke oasis maize field by ASD FieldSpec (350-2500nm, the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation) from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (CAS), and in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by ASD FieldSpec (350-1603nm, the vertical observation and the transect observation for reaumuria soongorica and the bare land) from Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The grey board and the black and white cloth were also used for calibration spectrum. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (4) Coverage fraction of maize and wheat by the self-made instrument and the camera (2.5m-3.5m above the ground) in Yingke oasis maize field. Based on the length of the measuring tape and the bamboo pole, the size of the photo can be decided. GPS date were also collected and the technology LAB was applied to retrieve the coverage of the green vegetation. Besides, such related information as the surrounding environment was also recorded. Data included the primarily measured image and final fraction of vegetation coverage. (5) the radiative temperature of maize, wheat and the bare land in Yingke oasis maize field by ThermaCAM SC2000 using ThermaCAM SC2000 (1.2m above the ground, FOV = 24°×18°),. The data included raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (archived in Excel format). (6) the radiative temperature by the automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 0.95), 3 for maize canopy, the bare land and wheat canopy in Yingke oasis maize field, one for maize canopy in Huazhaizi desert maize field, and 2 for vegetation and the desert bare land in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot,at nadir at a time interval of one second. Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format. (7) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format. (8) LAI in Yingke oasis maize field. The maximum leaf length and width of each maize and wheat were measured. Data were archived in Excel format. (9) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) of maize and wheat by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in the table format of Word. (10) The radiative temperature in Yingke oasis maize field (the transect observation), Yingke oasis wheat field (the transect observation), Huazhaizi desert maize field (the transect observation) and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (the diagonal observation) by the handheld infrared thermometer (BNU and Institute of Remote Sensing Applications). Raw data (in Word format), blackbody calibrated data and processed data (in Excel format) were all archived.
CHAI Yuan, CHEN Ling, KANG Guoting, QIAN Yonggang, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, WANG Jianhua, SHU Lele, LI Li, LIU Sihan, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, TAO Xin, WANG Dacheng, LI Xiaoyu, CHENG Zhanhui, YANG Tianfu, HUANG Bo, LI Shihua, LUO Zhen
This dataset is the LAI observation in the artificial oasis experimental region of the middle stream of the Heihe River Basin. The observation period is from 24 May to 20 September 2012 (UTC+8). Measurement instruments: LAI-2000 (Beijing Normal University) Measurement positions: Core Experimental Area of Flux Observation Matrix 18 corn samples, 1 orchard sample, 1 artificial white poplar sample Measurement methods: To measure the incoming sky radiation on the canopy firstly. Then the transmission sky radiation are mearued under the canopy for serveral times. The canopy LAI is retrieved by using the gap probability model.
Li Yun, Wang Yan, MA Mingguo
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with EO-1 Hyperion was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on May 25, 2008. Observation items included: (1) Atmospheric parameters on the ICBC resort office roof by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (2) Ground object reflectance spectra f new-born rape and the bare land in Biandukou foci experimental area by ASD FieldSpec (350~2500 nm) from BNU. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (3) Soil moisture (0-40cm) by the cutting ring and the soil temperature (0-40cm) by the thermocouple in Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot and the windbreak forest; and soil moisture and the soil temperature (0-100cm) in Yingke oasis maize field. Data were archived in Excel format. (4) LAI. The maximum leaf length and width of each alfalfa and barley were measured. Data were archived in Excel format. (5) Coverage of maize and wheat in Yingke oasis maize field, of vegetation (Reaumuria soongorica) in Huazhaizi desert No. 1 and 2 plots by the self-made coverage instrument and the camera (2.5m-3.5m above the ground). Based on the length of the measuring tape and the bamboo pole, the size of the photo can be decided GPS date were also collected and the technology LAB was applied to retrieve the coverage of the green vegetation. Besides, such related information as surroundings environment was also recorded. Data included the primarily measured image and final fraction of vegetation coverage.
CHEN Ling, QIAN Yonggang, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, YAN Guangkuo, GE Yingchun, SHU Lele, WANG Jianhua, XU Zhen, GUANG Jie, LI Li, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, TAO Xin, YAN Binyan, YAO Yanjuan
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne imaging spectrometer (OMIS-II) mission was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on Jun. 16, 2008. Observation items included: (1) The radiative temperature by the handheld radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field (from BNU, the vertical canopy observation, the transect observation and the diagonal observation), Yingke oasis wheat field (only for the transect temperature), and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (the NE-SW diagonal observation). Besides, the maize radiative temperature and the physical temperature were also measured both by the handheld radiometer and the probe thermometer in the maize plot of 30m near the resort. The data included raw data (in Word format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (2) Atmospheric parameters in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (3) The radiative temperature of maize, wheat and the bare land in Yingke oasis maize field and Huazhaizi desert maize field by ThermaCAM SC2000 (1.2m above the ground, FOV = 24°×18°), The data included raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (archived in Excel format). (4) The reflectance spectra by ASD through the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation in Yingke oasis maize field (350-2500nm , from BNU), and Huazhaizi desert maize field and Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot (350-2500nm , from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS). The data included raw data (in .doc format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (5) The radiative temperature by the automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 1.0), observing straight downwards at intervals of 1s in Yingke oasis maize field (one from BNU and the other from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications), Huazhaizi desert maize field (only one from BNU for continuous radiative temperature of the maize canopy) and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (two for reaumuria soongorica canopy and the bare land). Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format. (6) Photosynthesis of maize and wheat of Yingke oasis maize field by LI6400, carried out according to WATER specifications. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format (by notepat.exe) and processed data were in Excel format. (7) Soil moisture in Yingke oasis maize field. The sample was fetched by the soil auger and weighed by the scales before and after drying. Data were archived in Excel format. (8) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) of maize and wheat by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in the table format of Word. (9) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format.
CHEN Ling, REN Huazhong, ZHOU Hongmin, CAO Yongpan, SHU Lele, WU Yueru, XU Zhen, LI Li, LIU Sihan, XIA Chuanfu, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, FAN Wenjie, TAO Xin, FENG Lei, LIANG Wenguang, YU Fan, WANG Dacheng, YANG Guijun, LI Xiaoyu, Liu Liangyun
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with Envisat ASAR and ALOS PALSAR was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area on May 24, 2008. The data were in AP mode and VV/VH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 11:34 BJT. Observation items included: (1) soil moisture (0-5cm) measured once by cutting ring method at corner points of the 40 subplots of the west-east desert transit zone strip, one time by cutting ring method in nine subplots of the north-south desert transit zone, strip and once by the cutting ring and three times by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer in the center points of nine subplots of Wulidun farmland quadrates . The preprocessed soil volumetric moisture data were archived as Excel files. (2) surface radiative temperature by measured two handheld infrared thermometer (5# and 6# from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute which were both calibrated) in 40 subplots of the west-east desert transit zone strip (repeated 14-30 times each), and nine subplots of the north-south desert transit zone strip (repeated 12-30 times). There are 34 sample points in total and each was repeated three times synchronizing with the airplane. Photos were taken. Data were archived as Excel files. (3) LAI, the plant height and the spacing measured by the ruler and the set square in Wulidun farmland quadrates and Linze station quadrates. Part of the samples were also measured by LI-3100. Data were archived as Excel files. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
BAI Yanfen, DING Songchuang, PAN Xiaoduo, WANG Yang, ZHU Shijie, LI Jing, XIAO Zhiqiang, SUN Jinxia
The dataset of canopy structure and biophysical parameter measurements was obtained in the Linze grassland foci experimental area. Detailed information was as follows: {| !Observation item !observation time !plot |- | The leaf angle || 2008-06-24 || E |- | The leaf angle || 2008-06-29 || A E |- | Vegetation biomass || 2008-06-18 || A D E |- | Vegetation biomass || 2008-06-24 || A E |- | Vegetation biomass || 2008-06-29 || A E |- | Plant height || 2008-05-26 || A D E |- | Plant height || 2008-06-14 || B |- | LAI || 2008-05-28 || E |- | LAI || 2008-06-05 || E |- | LAI || 2008-06-06 || A |- | LAI || 2008-06-11 || A |- | LAI || 2008-06-18 || D E |- | Coverage || 2008-5-27 || subplots (30m) in A, D and E |- | Coverage || 2008-5-26、27 || plots (360m) in D and E |- | Coverage || 2008-6-14 || plots (360m) in B |- |} Data were archived in Excel and txt file. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
CAO Yongpan, CHAO Zhenhua, GE Chunmei, HU Xiaoli, HUANG Chunlin, NIAN Yanyun, WANG Shuguo, WANG Xufeng, WU Yueru, WANG Jing, LI Xiaoyu
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on Jun. 29, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire VNIR, MIR and TIR band data. The simultaneous ground data included: (1) Atmospheric parameters in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot from CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (2) Emissivity of maize and wheat in the Yingke oasis by portable 102F (2.0~25.0um) from BNU. Warm blackbody, cold blackbody, the target and the au-plating board of known emissivity. Raw data of those four measurements were archived in *.WBX, *.CBX, *.SAX and *.CBX Besides, the spectral radiance and emissivity calculated by 102F were archived in *.RAX and *.EMX, respectively. Meanwhile, the final spectral emissivity of targets were also calculated by TES (ISSTES). (3) LAI of mazie and wheat in Yingke oasis maize field. The maximum leaf length and width of leaves were measured. Data were archived as Excel files of Jul. 2. (4) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) of maize and wheat by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in MS Office Word format. (5) the radiative temperature by the automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 0.95), measured at nadir with time intervals of one second in Yingke oasis maize field (one from BNU and the other from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications), Huazhaizi desert maize field (only one from BNU for continuous radiative temperature of the maize canopy) and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (two for reaumuria soongorica canopy and the background bare soil). Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived as Excel files. (6) the component temperature in Yingke oasis maize field (by the handheld radiometer and the thermal image from BNU), Yingke oasis wheat field and Huazhaizi desert maize field. For maize, the component temperature included the vertical canopy temperature, the bare land temperature and the plastic film temperature; for the wheat, it included the vertical canopy temperature, the half height temperature, the lower part temperature and the bare land temperature. The data included raw data (in MS Office Word format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (7) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the observation height). Data were archived in MS Office Excel format. (8) the radiative temperature by the handheld radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field and Huazhaizi desert maize field (the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation for both fields), and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (the NE-SW diagonal observation). The data included raw data (in .doc format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (9) ground object reflectance spectra in Yingke oasis maize field by ASD FieldSpec (350～2 500 nm) from BNU. The vertical canopy observation and the line-transect observation were used. The data included raw data (from ASD, read by ViewSpecPro), recorded data and processed data on reflectance (in Excel format).
CHEN Ling, GUO Xinping, REN Huazhong, WANG Tianxing, XIAO Yueting, YAN Guangkuo, CHE Tao, GE Yingchun, GAO Shuai, LI Hua, LI Li, LIU Sihan, SU Gaoli, WU Mingquan, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, FAN Wenjie, SHEN Xinyi, YU Fan, YANG Guijun, Liu Liangyun
The dataset of photosynthesis observed by Li-6400 was obtained in the Yingke oasis, Huazhaizi desert steppe and Linze grassland foci experimental areas. Parameters included: CO2R_µml: CO2 viscosity inside the reference lab (µmol CO2 mol-1); CO2S_µml: CO2 viscosity inside the sample room (µmol CO2 mol-1); H2OR_mml: H2O viscosity inside the reference lab (mmol H2O mol-1); H2OS_mml: H2O viscosity inside the sample room (mmol H2O mol-1); Flow_CV%: variation coefficient of Flow_µml (%); RH_R_%: relative humidity inside the reference lab (%); RH_S_%: relative humidity inside the sample room (%); Td_R_%: dew-point temperature inside the reference lab (C); Td_S_%: dew-point temperature inside the sample room (C); Prss_kPa: air pressure (kPa); ParIn_µm: active radiation of interior photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1); c: active radiation of interior photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1); BLC_moll: boundary layer conductance (mol m-2 s-1); Tblock°C: temperature inside the sample room (°C) (mmol H2O mol-1); Tleaf°C: leaf temperature (°C); HH:MM:SS: time; Program: automatic program mode; CHPWMF：Status word (summary of line J); Battery: battery voltage (V); CO2: CO2 IRGAs; H2O: IRGAs; Pump: pump; Flow: air flow controller; Mixr: CO2 mixer; Fan: fan; Program: automatic program mode; ProgPrgs: AutoProgram step counter; FwMxCrLp: Numerical summary of the four stability flags; totalCV% : See totalCV% under E above; CRagc_mv: Reference CO2 AGC (automatic gain control) signal, in mV; CSagc_mv: Sample CO2 AGC signal; HRagc_mv: Reference H2O AGC signal; HSagc_mv: Sample H2O AGC signal. Observations were carried out as follows: (1) Photosynthesis synchronizing with TM in Yingke oasis No. 1 maize plot (three maize plants), No. 4 (5 maize plants) and No. 5 (2 wheat plants) on May 20, 2008. (2) Barley and alfalfa synchronizing with ASAR and MODIS on May 24, 2008. (3) Photosynthesis synchronizing with ASAR and MODIS in Yingke oasis maize plot on May 28, 2008. (4) Photosynthesis synchronizing with WiDAS in Yingke oasis maize plot on May 30, 2008. (5) Photosynthesis synchronizing with OMIS-II in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jun. 4, 2008. (6) Photosynthesis synchronizing with OMIS-II in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jun. 16, 2008. (7) Photosynthesis synchronizing with WiDAS in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jun. 29, 2008. (8) Photosynthesis synchronizing with WiDAS and TM in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jul. 7, 2008. (9) Photosynthesis synchronizing with WiDAS in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jul. 11, 2008. Data, including observation time, instrument parameters and those above mentioned, were archived in the original format of LI-6400, and could be read by .exe and Microsoft Excel.
LI Li, LIU Sihan, SU Gaoli, Wen Jianguang, XIA Chuanfu, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei
Leaf water potential is an important indicator of plant growth. In this project, Populus euphratica and Tamarix were selected in the lower reaches of Heihe River. Wp4c was used for 15 days to measure leaf water potential data before dawn, noon and sunset, which can provide basic data for understanding the growth conditions of desert plants.
SI Jianhua
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on May 30, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire CCD, MIR and TIR band data. The simultaneous ground data included: (1) The radiative temperature by the handheld radiometer (BNU) in Yingke oasis maize field and Huazhaizi desert maize field (the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation for both fields), and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (the diagonal observation). The data included raw data (in .doc format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (2) The component temperature of maize and wheat by the handheld radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field, Yingke wheat field and Huazhaizi desert maize field. For maize, the component temperature included the vertical canopy temperature, the bare land temperature and the plastic film temperature; for the wheat, it included the vertical canopy temperature, the half height temperature, the lower part temperature and the bare land temperature. The data included raw data (in .doc format), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (in Excel format). (3) The radiative temperature of maize, wheat and the bare land in Yingke oasis maize field by ThermaCAM SC2000 (1.2m above the ground, FOV = 24°×18°), The data included raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (archived in Excel format). (4) The radiative temperature and the canopy multi-angle radiative temperature by the fixed automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 1.0), observing straight downwards at intervals of 1s in Yingke oasis maize field (2 instruments for maize canopy), Huazhaizi desert maize field (only one for maize canopy) and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (two for reaumuria soongorica canopy and the bare land). The thermal infrared remote sensing calibration was carried out in the resort plot. Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format. (5) Coverage fraction of maize and wheat by the self-made instrument and the camera (2.5m-3.5m above the ground) in Yingke oasis maize field. Based on the length of the measuring tape and the bamboo pole, the size of the photo can be decided. GPS date were also collected and the technology LAB was applied to retrieve the coverage of the green vegetation. Besides, such related information as the surrounding environment was also recorded. Data included the primarily measured image and final fraction of vegetation coverage. (6) Reflectance spectra of Yingke oasis maize field (350-2500nm, from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications) and resort calibration site (350-2500nm, from Beijing Univeristy) by ASD (Analytical Sepctral Devices); BRDF by the self-made observation platform. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (7) Atmospheric parameters at the resort calibration site by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (8) Soil moisture (0-40cm) by the cutting ring, the soil temperature by the thermocouple thermometer, roughness by the self-made roughness board and the camera in Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot. Sample points were selected every 30m along the diagonals. Data were all archived in Excel format. (9) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format. (10) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in Word. LAI in Yingke oasis maize field. The maximum leaf length and width of each maize and wheat were measured. Data were archived in Excel format of May 31.
CHAI Yuan, CHEN Ling, HE Tao, KANG Guoting, QIAN Yonggang, REN Huazhong, REN Zhixing, WANG Haoxing, ZHANG Wuming, ZOU Jie, GE Yingchun, SHU Lele, WANG Jianhua, XU Zhen, GUANG Jie, LIU Sihan, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, LIU Xiaocheng, TAO Xin, LIANG Wenguang, WANG Dacheng, LI Xiaoyu, CHENG Zhanhui, YANG Tianfu, HUANG Bo, LI Shihua, LUO Zhen
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with Envisat ASAR was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area from Sep. 12 to Sep. 15, 2007 during the pre-observation period. One scene of Envisat ASAR image was captured on Sep. 19. The data were in AP mode and VV/VH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 11:29 BJT. Observation items included: (1) GPS by GARMIN GPS 76 (2) LAI by LAI-2000 (3) photosynthesis measured by LI6400 from Linze station carried out according to WATER specifications. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format , which can be opened by notepat and processed by Excel. (4) object spectrum of typical ground objects measured by ASD FieldSpec Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from Gansu Meteorological Administration. The reference whiteboard was attached therein. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance were archived as text files (.txt). (5) infrared temperature measured by the handheld infrared thermometer from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, which was calibrated. The infrared temperature of the crown, the vertical canopy, 45 degrees frontlight and backlight were measured respectively. The data were archived as Excel files. (6) soil profile (0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm), and soil moisture measured by the cutting ring method. Profile photos were taken meanwhile. (7) quadrate (1m×1m) investigations, including the quadrate number, species, quantities, coverage, the total quadrate coverage, the mean height, biomass number, the total green weight and the total dry weight. (8) repeated measurements on chlorophyll content of different species measured by SPAD 502. (9) photos taken by Nikon D80 with a lens of Sigma 8mm F3.5 EX DG CIRCULAR FISHEYE, shooting straight downwards at the height of 1.5m (10) atmospheric parameters at Daman Water Management office measured by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMetext files (.txt) is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number.
BAI Yunjie, CHE Tao, DING Songchuang, GAO Song, HAN Xujun, HAO Xiaohua, LI Hongyi, LI Xin, LI Zhe, LIANG Ji, PAN Xiaoduo, QIN Chun, RAN Youhua, WANG Xufeng, WU Yueru, YAN Qiaodi, ZHANG Lingmei, FANG Li, LI Hua, Liu Qiang, Wen Jianguang, MA Hongwei, YAN Yeqing, YUAN Xiaolong
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