The Arctic region is one of the regions most sensitive to climate change and has long received great attention from climate change research. Despite the recent signs of slowing or even stagnation in global warming, climate change in the Arctic has accelerated markedly over the past few decades: on the one hand, sea ice cover in the Arctic summer and autumn is accelerating melting ( As shown in Figure 1), the historical low value of the Arctic sea ice cover area is constantly refreshed. The sea ice cover area in September 2012 is only equivalent to 51% of the average sea ice area from 1979 to 2000, compared to the early 1980s. More than half of the sea ice has disappeared in the summer. The rate of sea ice reduction in 2002-2011 was twice as fast as it was between 1979 and 2006...

The Antarctic is one of the cold sources of the Earth's atmosphere and a region that is sensitive to climate change. With global warming, Antarctica has become a key area for international programs to study global climate change. Most of the world's ice and snow is stored in the Antarctic, and more than 95% of Antarctica is covered by ice sheets with an average thickness of 2,000 meters, ice shelves and snow that is not covered all year round. It has an ice continent that can raise the global sea level by 66 meters.

The Tibetan Plateau, known as the " third pole " of the earth, has always been the focus of attention of the international community because it is an important area driving global environmental change research and has a profound regulatory effect on the ecology, environment and climate of the whole earth. Under the background of global warming, the cryosphere elements such as tripolar glaciers, frozen soils, and freeze-thaw lakes have undergone significant changes, with glaciers shrinking rapidly and permafrost active layers thickening. For a long time, China has carried out systematic and multidisciplinary research in the world ' s third pole with the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the main body, forming a rich research accumulation.

Located in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, Sanjiangyuan region has an important strategic position in the national ecological civilization construction. To effectively promote the construction of a national park system, the National Development and Reform Commission and 13 other ministries and commissions jointly issued the Pilot plan for establishing national park system, and chose Qinghai Province to carry out the pilot program. On December 9, 2015, the General Secretary presided over the 19th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, at which “The General Plan for Piloting China's Sanjiangyuan National Park System” was reviewed and approved. In March 2016, the State Office of the Office of the People's Republic of China issued a pilot plan, clarifying that Sanjiangyuan National Park consists of the Yellow River Source Park, the Yangtze River Source Park and the Lancang River Source Park, thus establishing the real beginning of the exploration of the national park system in China. In order to better support the construction of Sanjiangyuan National Park, with the support of the major science and technology project " Sanjiangyuan National Park Star-Space-Ground Integrated Ecological Monitoring and Data Platform Construction and Development and Application " in Qinghai Province, the Sanjiangyuan Star-Space-Ground Integrated Ecological Monitoring Data Platform was constructed to significantly improve the ecological monitoring coverage and multi-source heterogeneous data fusion capabilities of Sanjiangyuan National Park.