The data set contains the flux observation data of large aperture scintillator from daman station in the middle reaches of heihe hydrometeorological observation network.Large aperture scintillators of BLS450 and BLS900 models were installed at daman station in the middle reaches of China. The north tower was the receiving end of BLS900 and the transmitting end of BLS450, and the south tower was the transmitting end and the receiving end of BLS900.The observation period is from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017.The station is located in dazman irrigation district, zhangye city, gansu province.The latitude and longitude of the north tower is 100.3785 E, 38.8607 N, and the latitude and longitude of the south tower is 100.3685 E, 38.8468 N, with an altitude of about 1556m.The effective height of the large aperture scintillator is 22.45m, the optical diameter length is 1854m, and the sampling frequency is 1min. Large aperture flicker meter raw observation data for 1 min, data released for after processing and quality control of data, including sensible heat flux is mainly combined with the automatic meteorological station observation data, based on similarity theory alonzo mourning - Mr. Hoff is obtained by iterative calculation, the quality control of the main steps include: (1) excluding Cn2 reach saturation data (Cn2 e-13 > 1.43);(2) data with weak demodulation signal strength (Average X Intensity<1000) were eliminated;(3) data at the time of precipitation were excluded;(4) data of weak turbulence under stable conditions were excluded (u* < 0.1m/s).In the iterative calculation process, the stability universal function of Thiermann and Grassl(1992) was selected. Please refer to Liu et al(2011, 2013) for detailed introduction.Due to instrument failure, data of large aperture scintillator was missing from June 6 to July 2, 2017. Some notes on the released data :(1) the middle LAS data is mainly BLS900, the missing time is supplemented by BLS450 observation, and the missing time of both is marked with -6999.(2) data table head: Date/Time: Date/Time (format: yyyy/m/d h:mm), Cn2: structural parameters of air refraction index (unit: m-2/3), H_LAS: sensible heat flux (unit: W/m2).The meaning of data time, such as 0:30 represents the average between 0:00 and 0:30;The data is stored in *.xls format. Please refer to Li et al. (2013) for hydrometeorological network or site information, and Liu et al. (2011) for observation data processing.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
The data set contains the flux observation data of scintillator with large aperture from sidaoqiao station downstream of heihe hydrometeorological observation network.A large aperture scintillator of BLS900 type is installed in the downstream. The north tower is the receiving end and the south tower is the transmitting end.The observation period is from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017.The site is located in ejin banner, Inner Mongolia, with tamarix chinensis, populus populus, bare land and cultivated land under it.The latitude and longitude of the north tower is 101.137e, 42.008n, and the latitude and longitude of the south tower is 101.131e, 41.987 N, with an elevation of about 873m.The effective height of the large aperture scintillator is 25.5m, the optical diameter length is 2350m and the sampling frequency is 1min. Large aperture flicker meter raw observation data for 1 min, data released for after processing and quality control of data, including sensible heat flux is mainly combined with the automatic meteorological station observation data, based on similarity theory alonzo mourning - Mr. Hoff is obtained by iterative calculation, the quality control of the main steps include: (1) excluding Cn2 reach saturation data (e-14 Cn2 > 7.58);(2) data with weak demodulation signal strength (Average X Intensity<1000) were eliminated;(3) data at the time of precipitation were excluded;(4) data of weak turbulence under stable conditions were excluded (u* < 0.1m/s).During the iterative calculation, the stability universal function of Thiermann and Grassl(1992) was selected.Please refer to Liu et al(2011, 2013) for detailed introduction.Due to the problem of data storage unit, data of large aperture scintillator was missing from February 21 to March 5, and July 10 to August 18, 2017. A few notes on published data :(1) data missing time is marked by -6999.(2) data table head: Date/Time: Date/Time (format: yyyy/m/d h:mm), Cn2: structural parameters of air refraction index (unit: m-2/3), H_LAS: sensible heat flux (unit: W/m2).The meaning of data time, such as 0:30 represents the average between 0:00 and 0:30;The data is stored in *.xls format. Please refer to Li et al. (2013) for hydrometeorological network or site information, and Liu et al. (2011) for observation data processing.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
The data set contains the flux observation data of large aperture scintillator at areau station upstream of heihe hydrometeorological observation network.Two large aperture scintillation devices of BLS450 and zzlas type were set up in the upstream areau station respectively. The north tower was the receiving end of zzlas and the transmitting end of BLS450, and the south tower was the transmitting end of zzlas and the receiving end of BLS450.The observation time is January 1, 2017, solstice, December 31, 2017.The station is located in the grass daban village, a soft township, qilian county, qinghai province.The latitude and longitude of the north tower is 100.4712e, 38.0568n, and the latitude and longitude of the south tower is 100.4572e, 38.0384 N, with an altitude of about 3033m.The effective height of the large aperture scintillator is 9.5m, the optical diameter length is 2390m, and the sampling frequency is 1min. Large aperture flicker meter raw observation data for 1 min, data released for after processing and quality control of data, including sensible heat flux is mainly combined with the automatic meteorological station observation data, based on similarity theory alonzo mourning - Mr. Hoff is obtained by iterative calculation, the quality control of the main steps include: (1) excluding Cn2 reach saturation data (BLS450: Cn2 > 7.25 e-14, zzlas: Cn2 > 7.84 E - 14).(2) data with weak demodulation signal strength (BLS450: Mininum X Intensity <50) were eliminated;Zzlas: Demod>-20mv);(3) data at the time of precipitation were excluded;(4) data of weak turbulence under stable conditions were excluded (u* < 0.1m/s).In the iterative calculation process, for BLS450, Thiermann and Grassl(1992) stability universal function was selected.For zzlas, select Andreas 1988's stability universal function.Please refer to Liu et al(2011, 2013) for detailed introduction.From April 16 to May 26, 2017, the measurement signal of large aperture scintillator was relatively small, resulting in a large number of missing data. Several notes on the released data :(1) the upstream LAS data is mainly BLS450, the missing time is supplemented by zzlas observation, and the missing time of both is marked by -6999.(2) data table head: Date/Time: Date/Time (format: yyyy/m/d h:mm), Cn2: structural parameters of air refraction index (unit: m-2/3), H_LAS: sensible heat flux (unit: W/m2).The meaning of data time, such as 0:30 represents the average between 0:00 and 0:30;The data is stored in *.xls format, please refer to the references for details. Please refer to Li et al. (2013) for hydrometeorological network or site information, and Liu et al. (2011) for observation data processing.
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, ZHANG Yang, TAN Junlei
This data set contains the eddy correlation-meter observation data of the mixed forest station downstream of heihe hydrometeorological observation network from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017.The station is located in Inner Mongolia ejin banner four road bridge, under the surface is populus and tamarix.The longitude and latitude of the observation point are 101.1335e, 41.9903n and 874 m above sea level.The rack height of the vortex correlativity instrument is 22m, the sampling frequency is 10Hz, the ultrasonic orientation is due north, and the distance between the ultrasonic wind speed and temperature meter (CSAT3) and CO2/H2O analyzer (Li7500) is 17cm. The original observation data of the vortex correlativity instrument is 10Hz, and the published data is the 30-minute data processed by Eddypro software. The main processing steps include: outliers, delay time correction, coordinate rotation (quadratic coordinate rotation), frequency response correction, ultrasonic virtual temperature correction and density (WPL) correction.Quality assessment for each intercompared to at the same time, mainly is the atmospheric stability (Δ st) and turbulent characteristics of similarity (ITC) test.The 30min pass value output by Eddypro software was also screened :(1) data when instrument error was eliminated;(2) data of 1h before and after precipitation are excluded;(3) remove the data with a missing rate of more than 10% in the original 10Hz data within every 30 minutes;(4) the observation data of weak turbulence at night (u* less than 0.2m/s) were excluded.The average observation period was 30 minutes, 48 data per day, and the missing data was marked as -6999.April 7 solstice April 8 due to instrument calibration, 3.24-4.08 infrared gas analyzer error, data missing.Suspicious data caused by instrument drift, etc., are identified in red font.When 10Hz data is missing due to a problem with the memory card storage data, the data is replaced by the 30min flux data output by the collector. The published observational data include:Date/Time for the Date/Time, wind Wdir (°), Wnd horizontal wind speed (m/s), standard deviation Std_Uy lateral wind speed (m/s), ultrasonic virtual temperature Tv (℃), the water vapor density H2O (g/m3), carbon dioxide concentration CO2 (mg/m3), friction velocity Ustar) (m/s), Mr. Hoff length L (m), sensible heat flux Hs (W/m2), latent heat flux LE (W/m2), carbon dioxide flux Fc (mg/(m2s)), the quality of the sensible heat flux identifier QA_Hs, the quality of the latent heat flux identifier QA_LE,Quality indicator for co2 flux QA_Fc.The quality of the sensible heat and latent heat, carbon dioxide flux identification is divided into three (quality id 0: (Δ st < 30, the ITC < 30);1: (Δ st < 100, ITC < 100);The rest is 2).The meaning of data time, such as 0:30 represents the average of 0:00-0:30;The data is stored in *.xls format. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Li et al. (2013), and for observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
This data set contains the eddy correlativity observation data of huachaizi desert station in the middle reaches of heihe hydrological meteorological observation network from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017.The station is located in zhangye city, gansu province.The longitude and latitude of the observation point are 100.3201E, 38.7659N and 1731.00m above sea level.The rack height of the vortex correlator is 4.5m, the sampling frequency is 10Hz, the ultrasonic orientation is due north, and the distance between the ultrasonic wind speed and temperature meter (CSAT3) and CO2/H2O analyzer (Li7500A) is 15cm. The original observation data of the vortex correlativity instrument is 10Hz, and the published data is the 30-minute data processed by Eddypro software. The main processing steps include: outliers, delay time correction, coordinate rotation (quadratic coordinate rotation), frequency response correction, ultrasonic virtual temperature correction and density (WPL) correction.Quality assessment for each intercompared to at the same time, mainly is the atmospheric stability (Δ st) and turbulent characteristics of similarity (ITC) test.The 30min pass value output by Eddypro software was also screened :(1) data when instrument error was eliminated;(2) data of 1h before and after precipitation are excluded;(3) remove the data with a missing rate of more than 10% in the original 10Hz data within every 30 minutes;(4) the observation data of weak turbulence at night (u* less than 0.1m/s) were excluded.The average observation period was 30 minutes, 48 data per day, and the missing data was marked as -6999.Suspicious data caused by instrument drift, etc., shall be marked in red font.April 3 solstice on April 4, due to the calibration of vortex correlator Li7500A, data was missing.When the 10Hz data of the vortex correlator is missing (1.1-1.22), the data will be filled by the 30-minute data output of the collector. The published observational data include:Date/Time for the Date/Time, wind Wdir (°), Wnd horizontal wind speed (m/s), standard deviation Std_Uy lateral wind speed (m/s), ultrasonic virtual temperature Tv (℃), the water vapor density H2O (g/m3), carbon dioxide concentration CO2 (mg/m3), friction velocity Ustar) (m/s), Mr. Hoff length L (m), sensible heat flux Hs (W/m2), latent heat flux LE (W/m2), carbon dioxide flux Fc (mg/(m2s)), the quality of the sensible heat flux identifier QA_Hs, the quality of the latent heat flux identifier QA_LE,Quality indicator for co2 flux QA_Fc.The quality of the sensible heat and latent heat, carbon dioxide flux identification is divided into three (quality id 0: (Δ st < 30, the ITC < 30);1: (Δ st < 100, ITC < 100);The rest is 2).The meaning of data time, such as 0:30 represents the average of 0:00-0:30;The data is stored in *.xls format. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Li et al. (2013), and for observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
CMADS V1.1(The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model Version 1.1) Version of the data set introduced the STMAS assimilation algorithm. It was constructed using multiple technologies and scientific methods, including loop nesting of data, projection of resampling models, and bilinear interpolation. The CMADS series of datasets can be used to drive various hydrological models, such as SWAT, the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, and the Storm Water Management model (SWMM). It also allows users to conveniently extract a wide range of meteorological elements for detailed climatic analyses. Data sources for the CMADS series include nearly 40,000 regional automatic stations under China’s 2,421 national automatic and business assessment centres. This ensures that the CMADS datasets have wide applicability within the country, and that data accuracy was vastly improved. The CMADS series of datasets has undergone finishing and correction to match the specific format of input and driving data of SWAT models. This reduces the volume of complex work that model builders have to deal with. An index table of the various elements encompassing all of East Asia was also established for SWAT models. This allows the models to utilize the datasets directly, thus eliminating the need for any format conversion or calculations using weather generators. Consequently, significant improvements to the modelling speed and output accuracy of SWAT models were achieved. Most of the source data in the CMADS datasets are derived from CLDAS in China and other reanalysis data in the world. The integration of air temperature (2m), air pressure, humidity, and wind speed data (10m) was mainly achieved through the LAPS/STMAS system. Precipitation data were stitched using CMORPH’s global precipitation products and the National Meteorological Information Center’s data of China (which is based on CMORPH’s integrated precipitation products). The latter contains daily precipitation records observed at 2,400 national meteorological stations and the CMORPH satellite’s inversion precipitation products.The inversion algorithm for incoming solar radiation at the ground surface makes use of the discrete longitudinal method by Stamnes et al.(1988)to calculate radiation transmission. The resolutions for CMADS V1.0, V1.1, V1.2, and V1.3 were 1/3°, 1/4°, 1/8°, and 1/16°, respectively. In CMADS V1.0 (at a spatial resolution of 1/3°), East Asia was spatially divided into 195 × 300 grid points containing 58,500 stations. Despite being at the same spatial resolution as CMADS V1.0, CMADS V1.1 contains more data, with 260 × 400 grid points containing 104,000 stations. For both versions, the stations’ daily data include average solar radiation, average temperature (2m), average pressure, maximum and minimum temperature (2m), specific humidity, cumulative precipitation, and average wind speed (10m). The CMADS comprises other variables for any hydrological model(under 'For-other-model' folder): Daily Average Temperature (2m), Daily Maximum Temperature (2m), Daily Minimum Temperature (2m), Daily cumulative precipitation (20-20h), Daily average Relative Humidity, Daily average Specific Humidity, Daily average Solar Radiation, Daily average Wind (10m), and Daily average Atmospheric Pressure. Introduction to metadata of CMADS CMADS storage path description:(CMADS was divided into two datesets) 1.CMADS-V1.0 For-swat --specifically driving the SWAT model 2.CMADS-V1.0 For-other-model --specifically driving the other hydrological model(VIC,SWMM,etc.) CMADS-- For-swat-2009 folder contain:(Station and Fork ) 1).Station Relative-Humidity-58500 Daily average relative humidity(fraction) Precipitation-58500 Daily accumulated 24-hour precipitation(mm) Solar radiation-58500 Daily average solar radiation(MJ/m2) Tmperature-58500 Daily maximum and minimum 2m temperature(℃) Wind-58500 Daily average 10m wind speed(m/s) Where R, P, S, T, W+ dimensional grid number - the number of longitude grid is the station in the above five folders respectively.(Where R,P,S,T,W respective Daily average relative humidity,Daily cumulative precipitation(24h),Daily mean solar radiation(MJ/m2),Daily maximum and minimum temperature(℃) and Daily mean wind speed (m/s)) respectively.Data format is (.dbf) 2).Fork (Station index table over East Asia) PCPFORK.txt (Precipitation index table) RHFORK.txt (Relative humidity index table) SORFORK.txt (Solar radiation index table) TMPFORK.txt (Temperature index table) WINDFORK.txt (Wind speed index) CMADS-- For-swat-2012 folder contain:(Station and Fork ) Storage structure is consistency with For-swat- 2009 .However, all the data in this directory are only available in TXT format and can be readed by SWAT2012. 3) For-other-model (Includes all weather input data required by the any hydrologic model (daily).) Atmospheric-Pressure-txt Daily average atmospheric pressure(hPa) Average-Temperature-txt Daily average 2m temperature(℃) Maximum-Temperature-txt Daily maximum 2m temperature(℃) Minimum-Temperature-txt Daily minimum 2m temperature(℃) Precipitation-txt Daily accumulated 24-hour precipitation (mm) Relative-Humidity-txt Daily average relative humidity(fraction) Solar-Radiation-txt Daily average solar radiation(MJ/m2) Specific-Humidity-txt Daily average Specific Humidity(g/kg) Wind-txt Daily average 10m wind speed(m/s) Data storage information: data set storage format is .dbf and .txt Other data information: Total data:45GB Occupied space: 50GB Time: From year 2008 to year 2014 Time resolution: Daily Geographical scope description: East Asia Longitude: 60° E The most east longitude: 160°E North latitude: 65°N Most southern latitude: 0°N Number of stations: 58500 stations Spatial resolution: 1/3 * 1/3 * grid points Vertical range: None
Meng Xianyong, Wang Hao
The data set contains meteorological observations from Guoluo Station from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017, and includes temperature (Ta_1_AVG), relative humidity (RH_1_AVG), vapour pressure (Pvapor_1_AVG), average wind speed (WS_AVG), atmospheric pressure (P_1), average downward longwave radiation (DLR_5_AVG), average upward longwave radiation (ULR_5_AVG), average net radiation (Rn_5_AVG), average soil temperature (Ts_TCAV_AVG), soil water content (Smoist_AVG), total precipitation (Rain_7_TOT), downward longwave radiation (CG3_down_Avg), upward longwave radiation (CGR3_up_Avg), average photosynthetically active radiation (Par_Avg), etc. The temporal resolution is 1 hour. Missing observations have been assigned a value of -99999.
HU Linyong
The data set collects the long-term monitoring data on atmosphere, hydrology and soil from the Integrated Observation and Research Station of Multisphere in Namco, the Integrated Observation and Research Station of Atmosphere and Environment in Mt. Qomolangma, and the Integrated Observation and Research Station of the Alpine Environment in Southeast Tibet. The data have three resolutions, which include 0.1 seconds, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and 24 hours. The temperature, humidity and pressure sensors used in the field atmospheric boundary layer tower (PBL) were provided by Vaisala of Finland. The wind speed and direction sensor was provided by MetOne of the United States. The radiation sensor was provided by APPLEY of the United States and EKO of Japan. Gas analysis instrument was provided by Licor of the United States, and the soil moisture content, ultrasonic anemometer and data collector were provided by CAMPBELL of the United States. The observing system is maintained by professionals on a regular basis (2-3 times a year), the sensors are calibrated and replaced, and the collected data are downloaded and reorganized to meet the meteorological observation specifications of the National Weather Service and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The data set was processed by forming a time continuous sequence after the raw data were quality-controlled, and the quality control included eliminating the systematic error caused by missing data and sensor failure.
MA Yaoming
The data set collected long-term monitoring projects from multiple stations for atmosphere, hydrology and soil in the North Tibetan Plateau. The data set consisted of monitoring data obtained from the automatic weather station (AWS) and the atmospheric boundary layer tower (PBL) in the field. The sensors for temperature, humidity and pressure were provided by Vaisala of Finland; the sensors for wind speed and direction were provided by Met One of America, the radiation sensors were provided by APPLEY of America and EKO of Japan; the gas analyzers were provided by Licor of America; the soil water content instrument, ultrasonic anemometers and data collectors were provided by CAMPBELL of America. The observation system was maintained by professionals regularly (2-3 times a year), the sensors were calibrated and replaced, and the collected data were downloaded and reorganized. The data set was processed by forming a time continuous sequence after the raw data were quality-controlled. It met the accuracy level of the original meteorological observation data of the National Weather Service and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The quality control included the elimination of the missing data and the systematic error caused by the failure of the sensor.
HU Zeyong
This data set includes meteorological data observed by the carbon flux station in the Guoluo Army Ranch in Qinghai. The temporal coverage is from 2005 to 2009, and the temporal resolution is 1 day. Meteorological and carbon flux data observation methods: vorticity-related observation instruments were used for automatic recording; biomass observation method: harvest method, weighing in a 60-degree oven for 48 hours. Both carbon flux and meteorological data were automatically recorded by the instruments and manually checked. During the data observation process, the operation of the instrument and the selection of the observation objects were in strict accordance with professional requirements, and the data could be applied to plant leaf photosynthetic parameter simulation and productivity estimation. This data contains observation items as follows: Temperature °C Precipitation mm Wind speed m/s Soil temperature at 5 cm depth °C Photosynthetically active radiation µmol/m²s Total radiation W/m²
ZHAO Xinquan
In east Asia, institute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of regional climate and environment development of regional integration environment with independent copyright system model RIEMS 2.0, on the basis of the regional climate model RIEMS 2.0 in the United States center for atmospheric research and the development of the university of binzhou mesoscale model (MM5) is a static dynamic framework, coupled with some physical processes needed for the study climate solutions.These processes include the biosphere - atmosphere transmission solutions, using FC80 closed Grell cumulus parameterization scheme, MRF planetary boundary condition and modify the CCM3 radiation, such as the heihe river basin observation and remote sensing data of important parameters in the model for second rate, USES the heihe river basin vegetation data list data of land use in 2000 and 30 SEC DEM data in heihe river basin, build up suitable for the study of heihe river basin ecological - hydrological processes of the regional climate model. Drive field: ERA-INTERIM reanalysis data Spatial scope: the grid center of the simulation area is located at (40.30n, 99.50e), the horizontal resolution is 3 km, and the number of simulated grid points in the model is 161 (meridional) X 201 (zonal). Projection: LAMBERT conformal projection, two standard latitudes of 30N and 60N. Time range: from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2016, with an interval of 6 hours Description of file contents: monthly storage by grads without format.Except the maximum and minimum temperature as the daily scale, the other variables are all 6-hour data. MATLAB can be used to read, visible tmax_erain_xiong_heihe.m file description. Data description of heihe river basin: 1) Anemometer west wind (m/s) college usurf for short 2) Anemometer south wind(m/s), vsurf for short College 3) Anemometer temperature (deg) K tsurf College 4) maximal temperature (deg) K tmax 5) minimal temperature (deg K) abbreviated as tmin 6) college Anemom specific humidity (g/kg) college qsurf for short 7) value (mm/hr) is simply value p College 8) Accumulated evaporation (mm/hr) evap 9) sensible heat (watts/m**2/hr) for short College 10) Accumulated net infrared radiation (watts/m * * 2 / hr) netrad for short College definition file name: -erain-xiong. Month and year
XIONG Zhe
Solar radiation data were obtained using the internationally accepted solar radiation meter (LI200SZ, LI-COR, Inc., USA). The measured data are total solar radiation, including direct and diffuse solar radiation, with a wavelength range of 400-1100 nm. The units of the measurement results are W/㎡, and the typical error under natural lighting is ±3% (within an incident angle of 60°). Data from different locations in the three poles (Everest Station and Namco Station on the Tibetan Plateau, Sodankylä Station in the Arctic, and Dome A Station in the Antarctic) are derived from site cooperation and website downloads. The temporal coverage of data from the Everest Station and Namco Station on the Tibetan Plateau is from 2009 to 2016, that from the Sodankylä Station in the Arctic is from 2001 to 2017, and that from the Dome A Station in the Antarctic is from 2005 to 2014.
BAI Jianhui
This data set contains the daily values of temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and total radiation observed at the Namco station from 1 October 2005 to 31 December 2016. The data set was processed as a continuous time series after the original data were quality controlled. After the systematic error caused by missing data points and sensor failure was eliminated, the data set reaches the accuracy of raw meteorological observation data required by the National Weather Service and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The data can provide information for professionals engaged in scientific research and training related to atmospheric physics, atmospheric environment, climate, glaciers, frozen soils and other disciplines. This data set has mainly been applied in the fields of glaciology, climatology, environmental change, cold zone hydrological processes, frozen soil science, etc. The measured parameters had the following units and accuracies: Air temperature, unit: °C, accuracy: 0.1 °C; air relative humidity, unit: %, accuracy: 0.1%; wind speed, unit: m/s, accuracy: 0.1 m/s; wind direction, unit: °, accuracy: 0.1 °; air pressure, unit: hPa, accuracy: 0.1 hPa; precipitation, unit: mm, accuracy: 0.1 mm; total radiation, unit: W/m2, accuracy: 0.1 W/m2.
WANG Yuanwei, WU Guangjian
This data set includes daily average data of atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, wind direction, net radiance, and atmospheric pressure from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016 derived from the Integrated Observation and Research Station of the Alpine Environment in Southeast Tibet. The data set has been used by students and researchers in the fields of meteorology, atmospheric environment and ecological research. The units of the various meteorological elements are as follows: temperature °C; precipitation mm; relative humidity %; wind speed m/s; wind direction °; net radiance W/m2; pressure hPa; and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm μg/m3. All the data are the daily averages calculated from the raw observations. Observations and data collection were carried out in strict accordance with the instrument operating specifications and the guidelines published in relevant academic journals; data with obvious errors were eliminated during processing, and null values were used to represent the missing data. In 2015, due to issues related to the age of the observation probe at the station, only the wind speed data for the last 8 months were retained.
Luo Lun
This data set includes the daily averages of the temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation, global radiation, P2.5 concentration and other meteorological elements observed by the Qomolangma Station for Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research from 2005 to 2016. The data are aimed to provide service for students and researchers engaged in meteorological research on the Tibetan Plateau. The precipitation data are observed by artificial rainfall barrel, the evaporation data are observed by Φ20 mm evaporating pan, and all the others are daily averages and ten-day means obtained after half hour observational data are processed. All the data are observed and collected in strict accordance with the Equipment Operating Specifications, and some obvious error data are eliminated when processing the generated data.
MA Yaoming
1) The data set is composed of global atmospheric reanalysis data jointly produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). These grid data are generated by reanalysing the global meteorological data from 1948 to present by applying observation data, forecasting models and assimilation systems. The data variables include surface, near-surface (.995 sigma layer) and multiple meteorological variables in different barospheres, such as precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, sea level pressure, geopotential height, wind field, heat flux, etc. 2) The coverage time is from 1948 to 2018, and the data from 1948 to 1957 are non-Gaussian grid data. The data cover the whole world. The spatial resolution is a 2.5° latitude by 2.5° longitude grid. The vertical resolution is a 17-layer standard pressure barosphere, with layer boundaries at 1000, 925, 850, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 70, 50, 30, 20, and 10 hPa, and 28 sigma levels. Some variables are calculated for 8 layers (omega) or 12 layers (humidity), with temporal resolutions of 6 hours, daily, monthly or a long-term monthly average (from 1981 to 2010). The daily data are obtained by averaging the daily values of 0Z, 6Z, 12Z and 18Z. 3) Missing values are assigned a value of -9.99691e+36f. The data are stored in the .nc format with the file name var.time.stat.nc, and each file includes data on latitude, longitude, time, and atmospheric variables. For detailed data specifications, please visit http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/pad/data.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Center for Atmospheric Research
The measurement data of the sun spectrophotometer can be directly used to perform inversion on the optical thickness of the non-water vapor channel, Rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical thickness, and moisture content of the atmospheric air column (using the measurement data at 936 nm of the water vapor channel). The aerosol optical property data set of the Tibetan Plateau by ground-based observations was obtained by adopting the Cimel 318 sun photometer, and both the Mt. Qomolangma and Namco stations were involved. The temporal coverage of the data is from 2009 to 2016, and the temporal resolution is one day. The sun photometer has eight observation channels from visible light to near infrared. The center wavelengths are 340, 380, 440, 500, 670, 870, 940 and 1120 nm. The field angle of the instrument is 1.2°, and the sun tracking accuracy is 0.1°. According to the direct solar radiation, the aerosol optical thickness of 6 bands can be obtained, and the estimated accuracy is 0.01 to 0.02. Finally, the AERONET unified inversion algorithm was used to obtain aerosol optical thickness, Angstrom index, particle size spectrum, single scattering albedo, phase function, birefringence index, asymmetry factor, etc.
CONG Zhiyuan
NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 is an assimilation of data from the past (1948-recent). It was developed by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) in the US to act as an advanced analysis and prediction system. Most of the data are from the original daily average data of the PSD (Physical Sciences Division). However, the data from 1948 to 1957 are slightly different because these data are conventional (non-Gaussian) grid data. The information published on the official website is generally from 1948 to the present, and the latest information is generally updated every two days. For data on an isostatic surface, the general vertical resolution is 17 layers, from 1000 hPa to 10 hPa. The horizontal resolution is typically 2.5° x 2.5°. The NCEP reanalysis data are systematically comparable among international atmospheric science reanalysis data sets. Compared with the reanalysis data of the European Center, the initial year is earlier, and the latest data updates are more frequent. These two sets of reanalysis data are currently the most widely used data sets in the world. For details of the data, please visit the following website: https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html
LUO Dehai, YAO Yao
Our project entrust the L band radiosonde sounding encrypt observations to Zhangye National Climate Observatory, and collect regular observation twice a day. The dataset contains three times one day at 8:00, 14:00, 20:00, which can support the remote sensing image atmospheric correction and atmospheric science research. Observation Site: Zhangye National Climate Observatory located in Shajing Town, west of ZhangYe. The coordinates of this site: 39°5′15.68" N, 100°16′39.11" E。 Observation Instrument: China Meteorological Administration Operational L Band radiosonde system. Observation Time: The observation date last from 1 May, 2012 to 31 September, 2012, among which: Three times observations at 7:00-8:00, 13:00-14:00 and 19:00-20:00 during 1 June, 2012 to 31 August, 2012; twice at 7:00-8:00 and 19:00-20:00 during 2012-5-1 to 5-31 and 2012-9-1 to 9-31. Accessory data: Pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction profiles data.
MA Mingguo
This dataset contains the flux measurements from the large aperture scintillometer (LAS) at A’rou Superstation in the hydrometeorological observation network of Heihe River Basin between 14 October, 2012, and 31 December, 2013. There were two types of LASs at A’rou Superstation: German BLS450 and China zzlas. The north tower was set up with the zzlas receiver and the BLS450 transmitter, and the south tower was equipped with the zzlas transmitter and the BLS450 receiver. Zzlas has been in use since 14 October, 2012, and the observation period of BLS450 was from 9 August to 10 December, 2013. The site (north: 100.467° E, 38.050° N; south: 100.450° E, 38.033° N) was located in Caodaban village of A’rou town in Qilian county, Qinghai Province. The underlying surface between the two towers was alpine meadow. The elevation is 3033 m. The effective height of the LASs was 9.5 m, and the path length was 2390 m. The data were sampled at 5 Hz and 1 Hz intervals for BLS450 and zzlas, respectively, and then averaged over 1 min. The raw data acquired at 1 min intervals were processed and quality controlled. The data were subsequently averaged over 30 min periods, in which sensible heat flux was iteratively calculated by combining Cn2 with meteorological data according to the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. The main quality control steps were as follows: (1) The data were rejected when Cn2 exceeded the saturated criterion (BLS450: Cn2>7.25E-14, zzlas: Cn2>7.84E-14). (2) The data were rejected when the demodulation signal was small (BLS450: Average X Intensity<1000; zzlas: Demod>-20 mv). (3) The data were rejected when collected during precipitation. (4) The data were rejected if collected at night when weak turbulence occurred (u* was less than 0.1 m/s). In the iteration process, the universal functions of Thiermann and Grassl, 1992 and Andreas, 1988 were selected for BLS450 and zzlas, respectively. Several instructions were included with the released data. (1) The data were primarily obtained from BLS450 measurements, and missing flux measurements from the BLS450 instrument were substituted with measurements from the zzlas instrument. The missing data were denoted by -6999. Due to the drift of the zzlas signal, data from 10 November to 23 November, 2012, and 14 March to 10 April, 2013, were excluded. Due to the LAS tower’s lean, the data from 10 April to 31 May, 2013, were not collected. (2) The dataset contained the following variables: data/time (yyyy-m-d h:mm), the structural parameter of the air refractive index (Cn2, m-2/3), and the sensible heat flux (H_LAS, W/m^2). In this dataset, a time of 0:30 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:30, and the data were stored in *.xls format. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Li et al. (2013) (for hydrometeorological observation network or sites information), Liu et al. (2011) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, ZHANG Yang, TAN Junlei
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