The dataset of TIR spectral emissivity was obtained in the arid region hydrology experiment area and A'rou foci experiment area. Observations were by: (1) Spectral emissivity obtained from 102F at 2-25um in cooperation with the handheld infrared thermometer (BNU) for the surface radiative temperature and one au-plating board for downward atmospheric radiation. The radiative transfer equation and TES methods were applied to retrieve emissivity. The grassland and the concrete floor were measured on May, 27, 2008, the wheat field and the maize field at ICBC resort on May, 29, 2008, the concrete floor (multiangle measurements) at ICBC resort on Jun. 3, 2008, the bare soil and the maize leaf in Yingke oasis maize field on Jun. 22, 2008, the maize and wheat canopy in Yingke oasis maize field on Jun. 23, 2008, the rape field in Biandukou experimental area on Jun. 24, 2008, the alfalfa, the saline land, the grassland and the barley land on Jun. 26, 2008, the wheat field and the maize field in Yingke oasis maize field on Jun. 29, 2008, the desert bare land and vegetation (Reaumuria soongorica) in No. 2 Huazhaiai desert plot on Jun. 30, 2008, the rape field and the grassland in Biandukou experimental area on Jul. 6, 2008, and the grassland and the bare land (multiangle) in A'rou experimental area on Jul. 14, 2008. The cold blackbody calibration (*.CBX/*.CBB), the warm blackbody calibration (*.WBX/*.WBB), the ground objects measurements (*.SAX), au-plating board measurements, and the downward atmospheric radiation (*.DWX) were all needed during observation. Moreover, the spectral radiance and emissivity were also archived. The response function of various bands could be acquired by 102F. And then emissivity of 2-25um could be retrieved. Two results of emissivity were developed: one was direct from 102F and the other was retrieved by ISSTES (Iterative spectrally smooth temperature-emissivity separation). Spectral resolution for raw data and proprecessed data was 4cm-1. (2) Spectral emissivity obtained from BOMAN at 2 -13μm in cooperation with the blackbody barrel and the blackbody from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications and the blackbody (BNU). The desert was measured on Jun. 30 and Jul. 1, 2008, A'rou foci experimental area on Jul. 14, 2008, indoor observations on the deep and shallow layer soil, vegetation, small stones, two maize plants from Yingke No.2 (YKYZYMD02) field and one maize plant and bare land from No. 3 (YKYZYMD03)field on on Jul. 16, 2008, Linze experimental area on Jul. 17, 2008, and gobi on Jul. 18, 2008. The sample site, coordinates, time and photos were all archived. During each observation, BOMAN was preheated and the blackbody was set at the predicted target temperature, which would be changed after the infrared radiation of the blackbody was measured by BOMAN. And then the target infrared radiation, the downward atmospheric radiation (reflected by the au-plating board) and the infrared radiation of the blackbody would be measured one by one. Raw data were archived in Igm, and after processed by FTSW500, the result was Rad (radiation). Finally, Rad would be changed into txt files by Matlab programs.
REN Huazhong, CHEN Ling, YAN Guangkuo, DU Yongming, LI Hua, LIU Yani, WANG Heshun, XIAO Qing, ZHOU Chunyan
The dataset of the discrimination of C3/C4 species was obtained by the handheld GPS and the digital camera in the Linze station foci experimental area on Jul. 10, 2008. Data fields included Gps, Longitude, Latitude, Photo_num and Describe (descriptions on C3/C4 vegetation and photos).
CHENG Zhanhui, Liu Liangyun
The dateset of spectral reflectance observations was obtained by ASD Fieldspec FRTM (Boulder, Co, USA, 350nm-2500nm, 3nm for the visible near-infrared band and 10nm for the shortwave infrared band) in the Biandukou foci experimental area from Mar. 7 to 21, 2008. Those provide reliable ground data for objects modelling and background modelling, remote sensing image simulation and scaling. Spectrum of dry and wet soil, the straw, the snow-covered land and the grassland was measured on Mar. 7 and the snow spectrum was measured on Mar. 21. The quadrates of 90m×90m and 450m×450m were compartmentalized into 81 subgrids of 10m×10m and 50m×50m. Based on the resolution of 30m×30m and 150m×150m, the influence of adjacent eight pixels on the center pixel was studied. Section lines of each subgrid were adopted to acquire the pixel spectrum, which were measured more than once for the mean value. The spectrum data were archived in the ASCII format, with the first five rows as the file header and the following two columns as wavelength (nm) and reflectance (percentage) respectively. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro).
CHANG Yan, QU Ying, LIANG Xingtao, LIU Zhigang, PENG Danqing, REN Huazhong
The dataset of water content of forest canopy components (the twig and the leaf) measurements was obtained at the super site (100m×100m) around the Dayekou Guantan forest station on Jun. 5, 2008. The sample tree was selected according to different diameters at breast height. 5 diameter classes were divided and in each class, 10 trees were selected and altogether 30 trees were selected as sampling trees. Branches in different parts were picked by the tree pruner and the twig and the leaf were separated manually, whose green weight was measured by the scales on the scene and dry weight by oven drying in the lab. Those provide reliable data for the reconstruction of the 3D structure of the forest scene, and for modelling active and passive remote sensing mechanisms and the simulation of remote sensing images.
BAI Lina, TIAN Xin, WANG Bengyu, CHEN Erxue
The SRTM sensor has two bands, namely C-band and X-band. The SRTM we are using now comes from the C-band. The publicly released SRTM digital elevation products include DEM data at three different resolutions: * SRTM1 covers only the continental United States, with a spatial resolution of 1s; * SRTM3 data covers the world with a spatial resolution of 3s. This is the most widely used dataset. The elevation reference of SRTM3 is the geoid of EGM96 and the horizontal reference is WGS84. The nominal absolute elevation accuracy is ± 16m, and the absolute plane accuracy is ± 20m. * SRTM30 data also covers the world, with a resolution of 30s. There are multiple versions of SRTM data. The early SRTM data was completed by NASA's "JPL" (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) ground data processing system (GDPS). The data is called SRTM3- 1. The National Geospatial Intelligence Agency has further processed the data, and the lack of data has been significantly improved. The data is called SRTM3-2. This dataset is mainly the fourth version of SRTM terrain data obtained by CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture) using a new interpolation algorithm. This method better fills the SRTM 90 data hole. The interpolation algorithm comes from Reuter et al. (2007). The data of SRTM is organized as follows: every 5 latitude and longitude grids is divided into a file, which are divided into 24 rows (-60 to 60 degrees) and 72 columns (-180 to 180 degrees). The file naming rule is srtm_XX_YY.zip, where XX indicates the number of columns (01-72), and YY indicates the number of rows (01-24). The resolution of the data is 90 m. Data use: SRTM data uses a 16-bit value to represent the elevation value (-/ + / 32767 meters), the maximum positive elevation is 9000 meters, and the negative elevation (12,000 meters below sea level). -32767 standard for empty data.
CGIAR-CSI
This data is the restoration of the distribution of the main ancient irrigation canals in the middle and upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin from the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China. It is based on the basic data of reprinting ganzhenzhi, reconstructing the new records of Suzhou and ganzhoufu, and combined with the topographic map and image of the 1960s. It is provided in the form of ArcGIS software ShapeFile, GCS krasovsky 1940 coordinate system, and trans Mercator projection grid. The data type is linear vector, and its attributes include name, source, length, irrigation area, etc.
XIE Yaowen
"Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological comprehensive atlas" is supported by the key project of Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological process integration research. It aims at data arrangement and service of Heihe River Basin Ecological hydrological process integration research. The atlas will provide researchers with a comprehensive and detailed background introduction and basic data set of Heihe River Basin. The desert (sand land) and glacier map of Heihe River Basin is one of the land surface part of the atlas, with scale of 1:2500000, positive axis isometric conic projection and standard latitude of 25 47 n. Data source: Glacier distribution data of Heihe River Basin Based on the first glacial catalogue, desert (sand) distribution data of 1:100000 Heihe River Basin, road data of 2010 Heihe River Basin, administrative boundary data of 1 million Heihe River Basin in 2008, residential area data of 2009 Heihe River Basin, and 100000 river flow data in 2009.
WANG Jianhua, ZHAO Jun, WANG Xiaomin
A total of 137 soil samples of different vegetation types, different altitudes and different terrains were collected from June 2012 to August 2012. The soil layer of each sample point was divided into three layers of 0-10cm, 10-20cm and 20-30cm, with an altitude of 2700-3500m m. The vegetation types were divided into five types: Picea crassifolia forest, Sabina przewalskii, subalpine scrub meadow, grassland and dry grassland. At the same time of sampling, hand-held GPS is used to record the location information and environmental information of each sampling point, including longitude, latitude, altitude, slope, aspect, terrain curvature, vegetation type, soil thickness, maximum root depth, etc. Soil bulk density: The measurement method of soil bulk density is to put the sample into an envelope and dry it in an oven at 105℃ for 24 hours, then take it out and place it for 30 minutes to weigh. The ratio of the weighing result to the volume of the ring cutter is the soil bulk density, and the unit is g/cm3. Soil mechanical composition: hydrometer method is used to measure the soil mechanical composition, which includes the content of soil sand, silt and clay.
ZHAO Chuanyan, MA Wenying
Since October 2010, underground water depth observation logging is set at 50m, 300m, 2200m, 2700m, 3200m, 3700m and 4300m away from the river bank in the direction of vertical river channel near ulantuge, Ejina oasis at the lower reaches of Heihe River. The dynamic measurement is carried out with hobo automatic water level gauge. The measurement index is the underground water level (burial depth), and the data time scale is the monthly scale.
CHEN Yaning
The dataset of groundwater level observations was obtained by the measuring tape in the Linze station foci experimental area. Nine wells were selected in transit zone A, B and C, group 4 in Wulidun, Heihe river in Pingchuan, gobi in Yigongcheng, Wugongli, Linze station and the weather station. The first three were observed every day from May 23 to Jul. 21 and the other 6 were from Jun. 16 to Jul. 21, 2008.
TAN Junlei, Qian Jinbo, SONG Yi
The soil texture dataset of the Heihe River Basin (2011) is compiled by LIU Chao et al. (2011) by using the SOLIM model. Based on the famous Jenny equation of soil science, and according to the environmental factors such as climate, biology, topography and parent material, knowledge mining and fuzzy logic are combined on the basis of existing soil texture maps and soil profiles in Heihe River Basin. It is produced and integrated with thematic maps of glaciers and lakes. According to the different characteristics of the six ecological zones in Heihe River Basin, different mapping methods are used in the upper, middle and lower reaches. According to the different characteristics of six ecological zones in Heihe River Basin, different mapping methods are used in the upper, middle and lower reaches. The data is in grid format with 1KM spatial resolution and WGS-84 projection. Soil texture attributes and categories represent 0-30 cm topsoil texture attributes, derived from depth-weighted averages. The texname in the attribute table indicates the soil texture type name. Sandrange, siltrange, and clayrange respectively represent the sand, powder, and clay content ranges in the USDA soil triangle. Sandaverage, siltaverage and clayaverage are taken from the measured soil profiles, the average content of sand, silt and clay particles as the sand, silt and clay content of the soil type. (Note: The soil particle content of clay loam is derived from the soil quality map of Beijing Normal University). The soil texture classification standard is USDA, the sand grain size is defined as (2~0.05mm), the silt particle size is (0.05~0.002mm) and the clay size is defined as (<0.002mm).
LIU Chao
Heihe river basin is the second largest inland river basin in China. In the past 30 years, a relatively perfect drainage observation system has been established in heihe river basin, which has become an important inland river research base in China.River basin is an important natural research unit, but the boundary of heihe river basin is not unified. In order to facilitate the use of data by users, we collected and sorted out 5 kinds of heihe river basin boundaries commonly seen in the literature: 1) from 1985 to 1986, China began to conduct systematic research on the heihe river basin as a whole. On the basis of basic investigation and a large number of data mastered, the early heihe river basin map was drawn with an area of 138,900 km ^ 2.The whole basin is divided into three hydrologic balance zones, which are: the balance zone of heihe main stream system, the balance zone of beida river main stream system and the balance zone of ma ying - feng leshan front water system. 2) sub project national key scientific research project of the ninth five-year plan "in heihe river basin water resources reasonable use and the economic society and ecological environment coordinated development research", considering the integrity of the county-level administrative units, on the basis of the first basin boundary using the administrative boundary of basin boundary was revised, formed the "digital heihe" published information system (http://heihe.westgis.ac.cn) of the heihe river basin boundary, watershed area of 128700 km ^ 2.The division of hydrological unit inherits the original idea and is divided into three river systems, namely the eastern river system, the central river system and the western river system. 3) in the comprehensive control plan of heihe river basin of the ministry of water resources, the area of heihe river basin is determined as 142,900 km ^ 2, and the hydrologic unit is divided into two independent water systems in the central and western regions and the east, with an area of 27,000 km2 and 116,000 km ^ 2 respectively. 4) in 2002-2006 in the national integrated water resources planning, "the Yellow River" (piece of) integrated water resources planning working group in 2005, the establishment "the northwest rivers and water resources and its exploitation and utilization of investigation evaluation report, briefly, to the secondary and tertiary area as the unit of water resources, to complete a series of natural geography and social economy statistical tables, maps and other data.In this comprehensive plan, the area of heihe river basin is about 151,700 km ^ 2, and the plan does not give a more detailed sub-watershed division plan. 5) based on the high-precision digital elevation model (SRTM and ASTER GDEM), the boundary of heihe river basin was determined by using the GIS hydrologic analysis method.The boundary has been verified by remote sensing and field investigation, and the present situation of modern water resources utilization is considered in the process of basin boundary determination and sub-basin division.
WU Lizong, WANG Jianhua, NIAN Yanyun
1. Data overview: water footprint and virtual water trade of tertiary industry in gansu province in 1997, 2002 and 2007 2. Data content: input-output value flow statement of gansu province, input-output value flow statement of primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry of gansu province, water use data, water footprint and virtual water trade data 3. Spatial and temporal scope: data time is 1997, 2002 and 2007;The space scope is gansu province 4. Data description: The data in this part are mainly the socio-economic and regional water supply and consumption data of gansu province, including the following 5 documents: (1) table of input and output of gansu province. XLS: value flow table of input and output of gansu province in 1997, 2002 and 2007, raw data of social economy. (2) input and output table of gansu province. XLS: input and output table of primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry of gansu province in 1997, 2002 and 2007 (3) summary table of water use data. XLS: original water use data. (4) calculation results of gansu province. (5) description of virtual water trade data of gansu province. For detailed data description, please refer to "gansu province virtual water trade data description" word document.
LIU Junguo
In the middle of July, 2011, 1. Elaeagnus angustifolia, 2. Blister. Using Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system (li-cor, USA) and li-3100 leaf area meter, the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of desert plants were observed. The symbols in the observation data have the following meanings: Obs, number of observations;Photo, net photosynthetic rate, moles of CO2 times m minus 2 times s minus 1; Cond, stomatal conductance, mol H2O•m -- 2•s -- 1;Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration, moles of CO2 times mol-1; Trmmol, transpiration rate, mmol H2O•m -- 2•s -- 1;Vpdl, water vapor pressure deficit, kPa; Area, leaf Area, cm2;Tair, atmospheric temperature, ℃; Tleaf, leaf surface temperature, ℃;CO2R, CO2 concentration in the reference chamber, moles of CO2•mol-1; CO2S, sample chamber CO2 concentration, moles of CO2•mol-1;H2OR, water in the reference chamber, mmol H2O•mol-1; H2OS, sample chamber moisture, mmol H2O•mol-1;PARo, photon flux density, mole •m -- 2•s -- 1; Rh-r, reference room air relative humidity, %;Rh-s, relative humidity of air in sample room, %; PARi, photosynthetic effective radiation, moles •m -- 2•s -- 1;Press, atmospheric pressure, kPa; Others are the state parameters of the instrument at the time of measurement.
SU Peixi
From July 21 to September 2, 2012, the observation data of snowmelt water temperature and near surface temperature in hulugou small watershed were observed by hobo automatic temperature recorder, with the observation frequency of once / 15 minutes, and the near surface temperature recorder was 20cm away from the surface. The observation point 01 is an ice lake, which is formed by the permanent snow supply of Hunan slope. The lake is approximately triangular, and the long side trend is parallel to the slope foot, with the coordinates of 99 ° 53 ′ 11 ″ E and 38 ° 13 ′ 6 ″ n. The observation period is from July 21, 2012 to September 2, 2012. No.02 observation point is located under the ice lake, the source of the East tributary of hulugou, the foot of permanent snow slope and the lower edge of snow melting. The coordinates are 99 ° 53 ′ 12 ″ e, 38 ° 13 ′ 6 ″ n. The observation period is from July 21, 2012 to September 2, 2012. The distance between the two points is relatively close, and the near surface temperature is the uniform temperature, which is the near surface temperature of point 01.
CHANG Qixin
Data of field hydrogeological double-ring seepage test in 2012 in mamane mountain area, gansu province.The method adopted is the double ring method.Specific test process: fixed head water injection, observation record.According to the ring bottom ruler, keep the fixed head of water injection.Meanwhile, the injected water was observed according to the ruler on the injection plastic bucket, and the recorded time intervals were 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes respectively.Stable water seepage, that is, the completion of the experiment.The relevant permeability parameters are obtained according to darcy's law.
GUO Yonghai
From June 10, 2011 to September 2, 2011, the observation instrument of 3100m grassland weather station in Tianlaochi watershed of Qilian mountain was a 20cm evaporating pan, a round metal basin with a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 10 cm, and the mouth of the basin was blade-shaped. In order to prevent birds and animals from drinking water, a trumpet-shaped wire mesh ring was set on the upper part of the mouth of the vessel. During measurement, the instrument shall be placed on the shelf with the mouth 70cm from the ground, and quantitative clear water shall be put in every day. After 24 hours, the remaining water quantity shall be measured by the dosage cup, and the reduced water quantity shall be the evaporation capacity. Data are daily evaporation from June 10, 2011 to September 2, 2011.
ZHAO Chuanyan, MA Wenying
The data is the digitization of the Heihe River basin part of the 1:1 million Vegetation Atlas of China, 1:1000, 000 Vegetation Atlas of China is edited by academician Hou Xueyu, a famous vegetation ecologist (Hou Xueyu, 2001). It is jointly compiled by more than 250 experts from 53 units such as research institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences, relevant ministries and commissions, relevant departments of various provinces and regions, colleges and universities. It is another summative achievement of vegetation ecologists in China over 40 years after the publication of monographs such as vegetation of China Basic map of natural resources and natural conditions of the family. It is based on the rich first-hand information accumulated by vegetation surveys carried out throughout the country over the past half century, and the materials obtained by modern technologies such as aerial remote sensing and satellite images, as well as the latest research achievements in geology, soil science and climatology. It reflects in detail the distribution of vegetation units of 11 vegetation type groups, 796 formations and sub formations of 54 vegetation types, horizontal and vertical zonal distribution laws, and also reflects the actual distribution of more than 2000 dominant species of plants, major crops and cash crops in China, as well as the close relationship between dominant species and soil and ground geology. The atlas is a kind of realistic vegetation map, reflecting the recent quality of vegetation in China.
HOU Xueyu
This data comes from the Tianlaochi watershed sample plot. The vegetation types of the sample plot are grassland, shrub, Sabina przewalskii and Picea crassifolia. The self-made Lysimeter is mainly used to observe the soil evapotranspiration characteristics in Picea crassifolia forestry. To provide basic data for the development of watershed evapotranspiration model. At about 19:00 every day, an electronic scale with an accuracy of 1g is used to weigh the inner barrel. In case of rain, observe whether there is leakage in the leakage barrel. If there is leakage, measure the leakage amount in the leakage barrel as well. The observation period in 2011 is from May 30 to September 10. The observation period in 2012 is from June 11 to September 10. Observation instrument: 1) standard 20cm diameter rain tube rain gauge. 2) self-made lysimeter (diameter 30.5cm, barrel height 28.5). 3) Electronic balance (accuracy: 0.1g) used to observe the weight change of self-made lysimeter.
ZHAO Chuanyan, MA Wenying
The observation frequency is 1 time / 30 minutes with hobo automatic temperature recorder. No. 01: the observation point is located at the exit of zone III divided by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the boundary point between the cold desert zone and the cold meadow zone. The coordinates of the observation point (99 ° 53 ′ 37 ″ e, 38 ° 13 ′ 34 ″ n) are 100cm from the surface of the air temperature recorder. The observation period is from July 28 to September 2, 2012. No. 02: the observation point is located at the exit of No. 2 area divided by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, where the terrain is gentle, at the outlet of the alluvial delta valley where there is no other tributary flowing in. The observation point coordinates (99 ° 52 ′ 58 ″ e, 38 ° 14 ′ 36 ″ n) the temperature recorder in the air is 120cm from the ground surface. The observation period is from July 4, 2012 to September 6, 2012
SUN Ziyong, CHANG Qixin
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