Numerical test: The climate model used is the regional climate model RegCM4.1. RegCM4.1 developed by the Italian Research Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP). In the test of regional model simulation, the horizontal resolution of the atmospheric model is 50 km and the vertical direction is 18 layers; Online coupling sand dust module. Sea surface temperature The sea surface temperature interpolated by OISST is used. The test includes two groups: the Middle Paleocene topographic test (MP,~60Ma BP, test name 60ma_regcm4.1_xxx. nc) and the Late Oligocene (LO,~25Ma BP, test name 25ma_regcM4.1_xxx. nc) The MP regional terrain modification test removed the northern part of the plateau and approximately replaced the terrain distribution of Asian land during the 60Ma period. BP regional terrain modification test only removed the terrain of Pamirs Plateau, approximately replacing the terrain distribution of Asian land during the 25Ma period. The sand and dust source areas of the two tests have not changed, and the sand and dust circulation process has been opened online. Output time: All tests were integrated for 22 years, using the average results of the last 20 years of each test. The data can be used to explain the difference of drought evolution in different regions around the plateau.
SUN Hui
The dataset includes three high-resolution DSM data as well as Orthophoto Maps of Kuqionggangri Glacier, which were measured in September 2020, June 2021 and September 2021. The dataset is generated using the image data taken by Dajiang Phantom 4 RTK UAV, and the products are generated through tilt photogrammetry technology. The spatial resolution of the data reaches 0.15 m. This dataset is a supplement to the current low-resolution open-source topographic data, and can reflect the surface morphological changes of Kuoqionggangri Glacier from 2020 to 2021. The dataset helps to accurately study the melting process of Kuoqionggangri Glacier under climate change.
LIU Jintao
The riverbed surface of the main channel in Nyangqu river is composed of gravel particles with wide grain size distribution. there are abundant gravel particles on the beach and riverbed. In this investigation, the bed surface grain size distribution of the main channel and tributaries of the Nyangqu river was measured. This data set contains the information of the five sampling locations in five main channels and two locations in tributaries of the Nyangqu River Basin (Table 1) and the bed surface grain size distribution (Table 2). The sampling locations were generally selected near the cross-section with obvious riverbed. It was considered that water flow through these sections in the straight channel for a long. At the same time, because it was a dry season, the bed grain size distribution on the river beach could be considered as the movement of gravel bedload carried by the last flood season. Therefore, it was considered that the bed grain size distribution in the sampling area on the river beach in the dry season was the bedload size distribution in the flood season. The grain size distributions were measured by the automatic identification method of full particle size based on image processing (e.g., Baserain software), with high identification accuracy of sediment particles is high. It is of great value to the scientific research on the evolution of source to sink process，bedlaod transport, and flood numerical simualtion， as well as the basic research on the flash flood prevention and control.
LUO Ming, HUANG Er, YAN Xufeng, MA Xudong, WANG Lu
The multi-scale dataset of environment and element-at-risk for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau includes geomorphic data, normalized vegetation index data, annual temperature and rainfall data, and disaster bearing value grade data, covering an area of 6.56 million square kilometers. The data set is mainly prepared for disaster and risk assessment. Due to the huge coverage, the geomorphic data adopts 150m spatial resolution and other data adopts 1000m spatial resolution. Geomorphology, vegetation index, temperature and rainfall data are mainly produced by processing open source data, and disaster bearing value grade data are produced by superposition calculation, comprehensively considering population data, night light index, buildings and surface cover types.
TANG Chenxiao
The dataset based on synthesized data from 1114 sites across the Tibetan permafrost region which report that paleoclimate is more important than modern climate in shaping current permafrost carbon distribution.A new estimate of modern soil carbon stock to 3m depth on Tibetan permafrost region was derived by machine learning algorithm, including factors such as climate (paleoclimate and modern climate), vegetation, soil (soil thickness and soil physical and chemical properties, etc.) and topography. This dataset shows that ecosystem models clearly underestimated the Tibetan soil carbon stock, due to the absence of paleoclimate effects in the model. Future modelling of soil carbon cycling should include paleoclimate .
DING Jinzhi
The Cenozoic strata developed within and around the Tibetan Plateau, contain fruitful information on the tectonic evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate changes. It's very significant on revealing the history of the uplift and deformation of the Tibetan Plateau and its relevant effects on the regional and even global environment and climate. This data set contains several well developed sections, which have been identified by the systematic geological survey. Depending on the tools (e.g. GPS, geological compass) in the fieldwork, we have finished the geological measurements and descriptions of these sections as well as the relevant geological maps. It includes a 90-m loess deposit of the Duikang section in the Linxia basin, several fluvial and lacustrine deposits (such as the 1890-m Dayu section in the Lunpola basin, the 300-m Shuanghe section in the Jianchuan basin, the 252-m Caijiachong section in the Qujing basin) and a 932-m saline lacustrine deposit with gypsolyte of the Jiangcheng section in the Simao basin. This data set provides a solid geological foundation for the following researches on stratigraphic chronology, tectonic evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate, and so forth.
FANG Xiaomin , FANG Xiaomin, YAN Maodu, ZHANG Weilin, ZHANG Dawen
Topographic data of China Pakistan Economic Corridor and Tianshan Mountains are produced by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The 30m digital elevation model (DEM) (2006-2011) of China Pakistan Economic Corridor and Tianshan Mountains describes the ground elevation information, which is an important raw data for studying and analyzing terrain, watershed and feature recognition. It is widely used in surveying and mapping, hydrology, hydrology, meteorology, geomorphology, geology, soil, engineering construction and other fields of national economy as well as humanities and natural sciences. In terms of flood control and disaster reduction, DEM is the basis for hydrological analysis, such as catchment area analysis, water network analysis, rainfall analysis, flood storage calculation, inundation analysis, etc; At the same time, DEM data can reflect local terrain features with a certain resolution. Through DEM, a large amount of surface morphology information can be extracted, which can be used to draw contour lines, elevation maps, slope maps, water system maps, three-dimensional perspective maps, three-dimensional landscape maps, and used to make orthophotos, three-dimensional terrain models, and map revision. The horizontal resolution of the data is 30m (1 arc second), and the elevation accuracy is 5m. It is one of the most accurate terrain data in the world. The data download address is https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/aw3d30/data/ 。
QIU Haijun
This dataset includes boundary and topographic data of Southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP): 1. SETP_ Boundary: we centered on the traditional SETP region (i.e., the Parlung Tsangpo River basin or Bomi County) and used the surrounding river network (e.g., the Yarlung Zangbo-Brahmaputra River, Nujiang-Salween River, and their tributaries) to delineate the boundary of the SETP. This region covers the Eastern Nyainqentanglha Ranges, Eastern Himalayas, and Western Hengduan Mountains and hosts the largest maritime glacier concentration across China. 2. Topographic data: Based on NASADEM provided by NASA Earthdata, we mosaicked the DEM, slope, aspect, profile curvature (profc) and water Mask (SWB) of SETP. 3. Hillshade: We produced the hillshde with a altitude angle of 45° from the NASADEM of SETP.
ZHAO Fanyu, LONG Di, LI Xingdong, HUANG Qi, HAN Pengfei
Through the investigation of tourist spots, tourist routes and tourist areas at different levels, form photos and video data of tourism resources, tourism services and tourism facilities of scenic spots, scenic spots, corridors and important tourism transportation nodes, tourism villages and tourism towns, record the tourism development status, find problems in tourism development, and form corresponding ideas for the construction of world tourism destinations; The data sources are UAV, tachograph and camera, mobile phone and GPS, and are divided into different folders according to scenic spots and data categories; The data has been checked for many times to ensure its authenticity; This data can provide a traceable basis for the construction of world tourism destinations on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
SHI Shanshan
This database includes slope, aspect and digital elevation model (DEM) data of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The data comes from the 30m * 30m resolution numerical elevation model data downloaded from the geospatial data cloud website. Using the surface analysis function of ArcGIS software, the slope and aspect information of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau are extracted. The data has been rechecked and reviewed by many people, and its data integrity, position accuracy and attribute accuracy meet the standards, with excellent and reliable quality. As one of the engineering geological conditions, this data is the basic data for the research on the development law of major engineering disturbance disasters and major natural disasters in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the analysis of susceptibility, risk and risk.
QI Shengwen
On October 24, 2019 and June 9, 2021, the special group conducted UAV flight operations in the debris flow gullies of Jilong gully, Tianmo gully and Guxiang gully in Bomi County, Nyingchi City, Tibet Autonomous Region, and generated the real three-dimensional model and digital surface model (DSM) of the debris flow gully in the demonstration area; In 2020, he worked in Kada village, Bomi county and generated real 3D model, digital surface model, digital orthophoto (DOM) and digital elevation model (DEM); On June 9, 2021, it was operated again in guxianggou to obtain the real 3D model and digital surface model. The spatial resolution of the above products is about 0.1M, and the main processing methods are as follows: (1) The real scene 3D modeling method based on UAV remote sensing can obtain rich texture information and generate dense 3D point clouds by using UAV photogrammetry technology. Combined with automatic real scene 3D modeling technology, the real 3D scene can be obtained. (2) The obtained three-dimensional model is optimized by cavity repair and filtering, which effectively fills the water cavity in the three-dimensional model. (3) Based on 3D modeling, DSM data of the demonstration area can be directly generated in CC. (4) Use mapmatrix to interpolate the polygon of DSM, erase the height of vegetation and other ground objects, and get DEM data. (5) The accuracy of 3D modeling is optimized by pricking operation.
HUANG Fang , PENG Shuying
The data is the large-scale DSM data of debris flow gully area generated by using the purchased resource No. 3 satellite remote sensing image of the demonstration area and based on the stereo image pair matching method. The processing method is as follows: (1) Due to the large amount of cloud and shadow noise in the original image, this study uses IDL language to develop and form a special denoising and information completion program for satellite images in cloudy mountainous areas. (2) The emmetropia correction image is used as the left image and the front view correction image is the right image. Envi is used for DSM production. (3) Using aster-dem data with 30 m resolution, at least 4 typical ground control points are selected for geographic correction to ensure that the geographic coordinate error is in the order of 1 ". (4) Cross entropy, root mean square error and area error information entropy are used as accuracy evaluation indexes. Compared with the DSM obtained from the original data, it is verified that the imaging accuracy of the processed DSM is improved.
HUANG Fang , PENG Shuying
Based on the distribution locations of the Qinghai toad-headed lizard (Phrynocephalus vlangalii) collected by field investigation and literature investigation, combined with five climate factors from WorldClim database, the current (1960-1990) and future (2061-2080) climate data were input into the trained species distribution model to predict the current and future suitable habitats. The prediction results shows that the lizard will lose a lot of original habitats under the climate change, and the protection measures for the lizard species should focus on the eastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the northern and eastern parts of Qaidam Basin. The model also predicts that after the climate change, new suitable habitats will appear in areas that were not suitable for the Qinghai toad-headed lizard. However, due to the very limited diffusion ability of reptiles (the maximum annual diffusion distance recorded in the literature is less than 500m), the newly emerging suitable habitats may not be used by the Qinghai toad-headed lizard. Meanwhile, based on the physiological, life history, behavior and morphological data of three altitudinal populations of the Qinghai toad-headed lizard collected by field work, and combined with microclimate data, the physiological consequences of climate change on the Qinghai toad-headed lizard in the current suitable distribution area were predicted by using the mechanism niche model. The prediction results of the model show that, whether in the SSP245 or SSP585 climate change scenarios, the activity time of the lizard will increase in most areas (> 93%) of the current suitable distribution area, and the thermal safety threshold will decrease in all places of the current suitable distribution area. The increase of activity time of high-altitude populations is less than that of low-altitude populations, but the decrease of thermal safety threshold is greater than that of low-altitude populations. The results reveal that climate change may have a greater impact on lizard populations in high altitude areas.
ZENG Zhigao
This data set is the global high accuracy global elevation control point dataset, including the geographic positioning, elevation, acquisition time and other information of each elevation control point. The accuracy of laser footprint elevation extracted from satellite laser altimetry data is affected by many factors, such as atmosphere, payload instrument noise, terrain fluctuation in laser footprint and so on. The dataset extracted from the altimetry observation data of ICESat satellite from 2003 to 2009 through the screening criteria constructed by the evaluation label and ranging error model, in order to provide global high accuracy elevation control points for topographic map or other scientific fields relying on good elevation information. It has been verified that the elevation accuracy of flat (slope<2°), hilly (2°≤slope<6°), and mountain (6°≤slope<25°) areas meet the accuracy requirements of 0.5m, 1.5m, and 3m respectively.
XIE Huan, LI Binbin, TONG Xionghua, TANG Hong, LIU Shijie, JIN Yanmin, WANG Chao, YE Zhen, CHEN Peng, XU Xiong, LIU Sicong, FENG Yongjiu
The data is vectorized from the national 1 ∶ 100W digital geological map spatial database. According to the regional scope of Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor and the division mode of 1:100w topographic map, the geological maps of h45, h46, H47, h48, i45, i46, I47 and i48 are used. The data source format is WP area file, which is converted into SHP format vector file by relevant software, which can be viewed and edited by arcigs software. This data contains basic geological information such as stratum, stratum symbol and rock type. The acquisition of geological data can basically understand the stratum and lithology within the scope of Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor, which is conducive to tracing the geological conditions of debris flow and landslide disasters.
WANG Lixuan
The data comes from radar topographic mapping SRTM product, and the download address is http://gdex.cr.usgs.gov/gdex/ 。 Import the SHP boundary of Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor on the download website to select the map within the study area and merge it into one by using ArcGIS software. The accuracy of the data is 90m, and the format is grid data. The data size is 136mb. The area is Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor. This data is applicable to the extraction of 1:100000 relevant topographic data, such as slope, aspect, river network and other topographic factor data. As the basic data for the topographic analysis of Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor, it is helpful to understand the topographic and geomorphic characteristics of the whole region and is of great significance to the disaster risk management and decision-making level of a large region.
WANG Lixuan
The data is from JAXA earth observation research center（ http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/aw3d30/ ）The product is alos World 3D - 30m (aw3d30). Select and download the map by importing the SHP boundary of Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor, and merge it into one by using relevant software. The format is raster data, the spatial resolution is 30m, and the data size is 1.3GB. The DEM data can generate topographic factor data such as slope, aspect and river network by using relevant software. They are the basic data for topographic analysis of Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor, help to understand the geomorphic form of the basin, and are also the key factors for disaster zoning research and risk assessment. The acquisition of high-precision DEM is of great significance for disaster risk management and decision-making level and reducing the loss of major geological disasters.
SUI Tianbo
Based on China's daily meteorological elements data set and National Geographic basic data, the extreme precipitation, extreme temperature, drought intensity, drought frequency and other indicators in Hengduan Mountain area were calculated by using rclimdex, nspei and bilinear interpolation methods. The data set includes basic data set of disaster pregnant environment, basic data set of extreme precipitation index, basic data set of extreme temperature index, basic data set of drought intensity and frequency. The data set can provide a basic index system for regional extreme high temperature, precipitation and drought risk assessment.
SUN Peng
Hengduanshan multi-scale disaster causing, disaster pregnant and disaster bearing data spatiotemporal unified data set includes a series of geomorphic data derived from elevation data, annual average normalized vegetation index data, annual average temperature and rainfall data, and night light data of viirs. The geomorphological data cover Hengduanshan area, the vegetation and climate data cover the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and the nighttime lamp index data cover the whole country. Data collection time varies according to different sources, with the earliest in 2000 and the latest in 2018. The data set is mainly prepared for disaster and risk assessment. In this data set, these data are processed by resampling, spatial correction, optical correction, geomorphic factor calculation, spatial statistics and other processes. The accuracy of the data is consistent with the original accuracy of the data source, and has not been processed by fuzzy processing such as downsampling. In the process of processing, the scientific standard process is used to distinguish continuous and discontinuous data, so as to minimize the data loss in the process of processing.
TANG Chenxiao
1) Data content (including elements and significance) This data set contains information of flow direction, accumulation of vector river network of Lancang Mekong River Basin. <br><br> 2) Data sources and processing methods In this data set, the remote sensing stream buring (RSSB) method (Wang et al., 2021) is adopted, and the high-precision elevation model MERIT-DEM and Sentinel-2 optical imagery are fused. <br><br> 3) Data quality description Validations show that this data set has high spatial accuracy (Wang et al, 2021). <br><br> 4) Data application achievements and Prospects This data set provides basic information of river networks, which can be used for hydrological model, land surface model, earth system model, as well as for mapping and spatial statistical analysis.
WANG Zifeng
1) Data content (including elements and significance) This data set contains information of flow direction, accumulation of vector river network of Lancang Mekong River Basin. <br><br> 2) Data sources and processing methods In this data set, the remote sensing stream buring (RSSB) method (Wang et al., 2021) is adopted, and the high-precision elevation model MERIT-DEM and Sentinel-2 optical imagery are fused. <br><br> 3) Data quality description Validations show that this data set has high spatial accuracy (Wang et al, 2021). <br><br> 4) Data application achievements and Prospects This data set provides basic information of river networks, which can be used for hydrological model, land surface model, earth system model, as well as for mapping and spatial statistical analysis.
WANG Zifeng
1) Data content (including elements and significance) This data set contains information of flow direction, accumulation of vector river network of Lancang Mekong River Basin. <br><br> 2) Data sources and processing methods In this data set, the remote sensing stream buring (RSSB) method (Wang et al., 2021) is adopted, and the high-precision elevation model MERIT-DEM and Sentinel-2 optical imagery are fused. <br><br> 3) Data quality description Validations show that this data set has high spatial accuracy (Wang et al, 2021). <br><br> 4) Data application achievements and Prospects This data set provides basic information of river networks, which can be used for hydrological model, land surface model, earth system model, as well as for mapping and spatial statistical analysis.
WANG Zifeng
The 10m level elevation data set of Yangon deep water port area is the DEM data of the main urban area of Yangon deep water port. DEM is the abbreviation of digital elevation model, which is the important original data of watershed terrain and feature recognition. The data set can reflect the local topographic features of the main urban area of Yangon deep-water port with 10m resolution. Therefore, a large amount of surface morphological information can be extracted from the data set, which includes the slope, aspect and the relationship between cells of the basin grid. It can provide accurate topographic data and reliable verification data for the study of the main urban area of Yangon deep-water port.
GE Yong, LI Qiangzi, LI Yi
This dataset is derived from the paper: Su, T. et al. (2019). No high tibetan plateau until the Neogene. Science Advances, 5(3), eaav2189. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav2189 This data contains supplementary material of this article. Researchers discovered well-preserved palm fossil leaves from the Lunpola Basin (32.033°N, 89.767°E), central Tibetan Plateau at a present elevation of 4655 m in 2016. Researchers compared the newly discovered fossil with those present fossil that are most similar, find that there is no similar leaves among present fossil, therefore, researchers proposed the new species <em>S. tibetensis</em> T. Su et Z.K. Zhou sp. nov. Using the climate model, combined with the research of the fossil, researchers rebuilt the paleoelevation of the central Tibetan Plateau, it shows that a high plateau cannot have existed in the core of Tibet in the Paleogene. The data contains the following tables: 1) Table S1. Fossil records of palms around the world. 2) Table S2. Morphological comparisons between fossils from Lunpola Basin and modern palm genera. 3) Table S3. Climate ranges of 12 living genera that show the closest morphological similarity to <em>S. tibetensis</em> T. Su et Z.K. Zhou sp. nov. This dataset also contains the figures in the supplementary material in the article.
SU Tao
"Digital data including slope and aspect (slope and aspect) data are the basic data of GIS, and can be used as two important indicators to describe the terrain feature information, which can not only indirectly express the relief shape and structure of the terrain, It includes hydrological model, landslide monitoring and analysis, surface material movement, soil erosion, land use planning, etc The basic data of geoscience analysis model. At present, slope and aspect data are generally calculated by certain calculation model on digital elevation model (DEM). This data takes 34 key nodes of Pan third pole as the research area, takes DEM data with resolution of 30 meters as the base, realizes the digital simulation of slope and aspect in terrain data (that is, the digital expression of slope and aspect in terrain surface data), and finally obtains the slope and aspect data of pan third pole key nodes. The data area is 34 key nodes of Pan third pole (Abbas, Astana, Colombo, Gwadar, Mengba, Teheran, Vientiane, etc.).
SHANG Cheng
This data set is a three-level classification map of Eurasian grassland remote sensing in 2009. The data is in TIF grid format, with a spatial resolution of 1km. The three-level grassland is classified as: temperate meadow grassland, temperate typical grassland, temperate desertification grassland, temperate grassland desertification, and temperate desert. The data is processed according to the ESA global cover 2009 Product global cover map, combined with the historical meteorological data (precipitation, annual accumulated temperature, humidity coefficient, evaporation) and DEM data of ECMWF website. The data can be used to provide the basis for the distribution information and temporal and spatial variation analysis of warm grassland in Eurasia.
TANG Jiakui
Chinese Cryospheric Information System is a comprehensive information system for the management and analysis of cryospheric data over China. The establishment of Chinese Cryospheric Information System is to meet the needs of earth system science, and provide parameters and verification data for the development of response and feedback models of permafrost, glacier and snow cover to global changes under GIS framework. On the other hand, the system collates and rescues valuable cryospheric data to provide a scientific, efficient and safe management and analysis tool. Chinese Cryospheric Information System selected three regions with different spatial scales as its main research areas to highlight the research focus. The research area along the Qinghai-Tibet highway is mainly about 700 kilometers long from Xidatan to Naqu, and 20 to 30 kilometers wide on both sides of the highway. The datasets of the Tibetan highway contains the following types of data: 1. Cryosphere data.Including: snow depth distribution. 2. Natural environment and resources.Include: Digital elevation topography (DEM) : elevation elevation, elevation zoning, slope and slope direction; Fundamental geology: Quatgeo 3. Boreholes: drilling data of 200 boreholes along the qinghai-tibet highway. Engineering geological profile (CAD) : lithologic distribution, water content, grain fraction data, etc 4. Model of glacier mass equilibrium distribution along qinghai-tibet highway: prediction of frozen soil grid data. The graphic data along the qinghai-tibet highway includes 13 map scales of 1:250,000.The grid size is 100×100m. For details, please refer to the documents (in Chinese): "Chinese Cryospheric Information System design. Doc", "Chinese Cryospheric Information System data dictionary. Doc", "Database of the Tibetan highway. Doc".
LI Xin
This data set is a spatiotemporal variation map of temperate grassland types in Eurasia - three level classification of Inner Mongolia region of China (2009). The data is in TIF grid format with a spatial resolution of 1km. The data is processed on the basis of the existing grass type map of Inner Mongolia grassland. The grassland type map of Inner Mongolia grassland is based on the field survey data, neimengqi County as the unit, the grassland type classification system, on the basis of prediction, the field sample data, remote sensing image and other information data are superposed, and the local historical grassland survey data and relevant data are referred to, and the field plot is modified. We select 2000-2009 historical meteorological data, further analyze and modify the satellite data, and carry out spatial interpolation calculation. The classification of temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia was obtained. The data can be used to provide the basis for the distribution information and temporal and spatial variation analysis of warm grassland in Eurasia.
TANG Jiakui
The data set analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution, impact and loss of typical global flood disasters from 2018 to 2019. In 2018, there were 109 flood disasters in the world, with a death toll of 1995. The total number of people affected was 12.62 million. The direct economic loss was about 4.5 billion US dollars, which was at a low level in the past 30 years. The number of global flood incidents in 2018 was higher in the first half of the year than in the second half of the year, and the frequency of occurrence was higher from May to July. Therefore, based on three typical disaster events such as the hurricane flood in Florence in the United States in 2018, the flooding of the Niger River in Nigeria in 2018, and the Shouguang flood in Shandong Province in 2018, the disaster background, hazard factors, and disaster situation were analyzed. .
JIANG Zijie, JIANG Weiguo, WU Jianjun, ZHOU Hongmin
Soil bulk density, porosity, water content, water characteristic curve, saturated hydraulic conductivity, particle analysis, infiltration rate, and sampling point location information in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin. 1. The data is for 2014 supplementary sampling for 2012, using the ring knife to take the original soil; 2. The soil bulk density is the dry bulk density of the soil and is measured by the drying method. The original ring-shaped soil sample collected in the field was thermostated at 105 ° C for 24 hours in an oven, and the soil dry weight was divided by the soil volume (100 cubic centimeters) , unit: g/cm 3 . 3. Soil porosity is obtained according to the relationship between soil bulk density and soil porosity; 4. Soil infiltration analysis data set, the data is the field experimental measurement data from 2013 to 2014. 5. The infiltration data is measured by “MINI DISK PORTABLE TENSION INFILTROMETER”, and the approximate saturated hydraulic conductivity under a certain negative pressure is obtained. 6. Soil particle size data was measured at the Grain Granulation Laboratory of the Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Lanzhou University. The measuring instrument is a Malvern laser particle size analyzer MS2000. 7. The saturated hydraulic conductivity is measured according to the enamel hair self-made instrument of Yi Yanli (2009). The Marioot bottle was used to maintain the head during the experiment; at the same time, the Ks measured at the time was converted to the Ks value at 10 °C for analysis and calculation. 8. Soil water content data is measured using ECH2O, including 5 layers of soil water content and soil temperature. 9. The water characteristic curve is measured by the centrifuge method: the undisturbed soil of the ring cutter collected in the field is placed in a centrifuge, and each of the speeds is measured at 0, 310, 980, 1700, 2190, 2770, 3100, 5370, 6930, 8200, 11600. The secondary rotor weight is obtained.
HE Chansheng
DEM is the English abbreviation of Digital Elevation Model, which is the important original data of watershed topography and feature recognition.DEM is based on the principle that the watershed is divided into cells of m rows and n columns, the average elevation of each quadrilateral is calculated, and then the elevation is stored in a two-dimensional matrix.Since DEM data can reflect local topographic features with a certain resolution, a large amount of surface morphology information can be extracted through DEM, which includes slope, slope direction and relationship between cells of watershed grid cells, etc..At the same time, the surface flow path, river network and watershed boundary can be determined according to certain algorithm.Therefore, to extract watershed features from DEM, a good watershed structure pattern is the premise and key of the design algorithm. Elevation data map 1km data formed according to 1:250,000 contour lines and elevation points in China, including DEM, hillshade, Slope and Aspect maps. Data set projection: Two projection methods: Equal Area projection Albers Conical Equal Area (105, 25, 47) Geodetic coordinates WGS84 coordinate system
TANG Guoan
This dataset is the Digital Elevation Model （DEM）in the Qilian Mountain， spatial resolution 30m. This dataset is based on the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model （ASTER-GDEM）. The data set has a vertical accuracy of 20 m and a horizontal accuracy of 30 m. Through the data download, preprocessing and splicing, the 30m×30m DEM data of Qilian Mountain is generated. This data set can extract a large amount of surface morphology information, which is an important basic data for terrain analysis and feature recognition in Qilian Mountain. The data will serve the ecological environment monitoring, ecological environmental protection and treatment project implementation, hydrology and water resources analysis and evaluation in Qilian Mountain area.
QI Yuan, ZHANG Jinlong, ZHOU Shengming, WANG Hongwei
This dataset is the 2018 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the key area of Qilian Mountain,spatial resolution 5m. This dataset is based on the high-definition survey satellite ZY-3. Through the three-lines CCD with spatial resolution of 2.1m and 3.5m, combined with the basic data such as high-precision topographic maps. The dem is generated by the front-view stereo relative and adjustment model. Finally, the 5m×5m Qilian Mountain key area DEM data set was spliced by the Mosaic tool of GIS software. The data can be applied to three-dimensional spatial data processing, hydrological analysis, terrain analysis, disaster monitoring, and human activity monitoring in key areas of Qilian Mountain.
QI Yuan, ZHANG Jinlong, ZHOU Shengming, WANG Hongwei
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a kind of solid ground Model that represents the ground Elevation in the form of a set of ordered numerical arrays. The third pole region of40°1′52″N~23°11′59″N、105°43′45″E~61°28′45″E of the roof of the world ecological geographic area,These include the qinghai-tibet plateau, the hengduan mountains, the Himalayas, the Hindu kush mountains and the pamirs plateau.Classified according to：At 4000 m altitude as a benchmark, the fusion of slope, reference mountain integrity and ecological system integrity, the spatial resolution of 0.008 ° x 0.008 °
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
This data set provides a 1 km resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Antarctica. The DEM combines measurements from the European Remote Sensing Satellite-1 (ERS-1) Satellite Radar Altimeter (SRA) and the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Geosciences Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). The ERS-1 data are from two long repeat cycles of 168 days initiated in March 1994, and the GLAS data are from 20 February 2003 through 21 March 2008. The data set is approximately 240 MB comprised of two gridded binary files and two Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) header files viewable using ENVI or other similar software packages. The data are available via FTP.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a kind of solid ground Model that represents the ground Elevation in the form of a set of ordered numerical arrays. The arctic region within 66 ° 34 'refers to the arctic regions and parts of Greenland in the arctic.Elevation data include arctic digital dem and hillshade data in tif format.Range of 66 ° ~ 90 ° N N, the spatial resolution of 0.008 ° x 0.008 °. The data is downloaded from NASA global elevation data DEM describes ground elevation information, which is widely used in surveying and mapping, hydrology, meteorology, geomorphology, geology, soil, engineering construction, communication, military and other fields of national economy and national defense as well as humanities and natural sciences.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
This data set is mainly the SRTM terrain data obtained by International Center for Tropical Agriculture （CIAT）with the new interpolation algorithm, which better fills the data void of SRTM 90. The interpolation algorithm was adpoted from Reuter et al. (2007). SRTM's data organization method is as follows: divide a file into 24 rows (-60 to 60 degrees) and 72 columns (-180 to 180 degrees) in every 5 degrees of latitude and longitude grid, and the data resolution is 90 meters. Data usage: SRTM data are expressed as elevation values with 16-bit values (-/+/32767 m), maximum positive elevation of 9000m, and negative elevation (12000m below sea level). For null data use the -32767 standard.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）
This data set comprises pictures of geological sections and landscape of Nima Basin and Lunpola Basin in the north of Tibetan Plateau which produced on achievement of geological survey in these years. The process of section pictures drawing comprises: measurement of different stratas by hand; identify and description of stratas by experienced geological researcher; picture production with software, based on information collected above. Landscape pictures were drew from satellite maps as base map, then added texts with software. All the pictures are clear, detailed and comprehensive. They are very critical for research on geology, geomorphology of the important localities in the north of Tibetan Plateau, such as Nima Basin and Lunpola Basin, and necessary for paleo-altimetry and uplift of Tibetan Plateau.
Basic Geographic Data Set of Resources and Environment in Central and Western Asia Region, includes six parts: administrative divisions map, topographic and geomorphological map, river system maps, precipitation map, temperature map and potential evapotranspiration map. The precipitation and temperature datasets are interpolated based on the ground observations, while the potential evapotranspiration dataset is calculated based on the Penman-Monteith equation. The precipitation, temperature and potential evapotranspiration datasets are resampled from the original 0.5° CRU dataset by using the linear interpolation method in ArcGIS software. This dataset is made based a large number of gauge observations with good quality control and homogeneity check. The results of the related studies (Deng and Chen, 2017; Li et al., 2017; Li et al., 2016) suggested that this dataset is applicable and satisfactory for the climatological studies. The data produced by the key laboratory of remote sensing and GIS, Xinjiang institute of ecology and geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Data production Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No. XDA20030101.
The Relief Degree of Land Surface is a comprehensive representation of regional altitude and surface cutting degree. Using the resampled Digital Elevation Model data and the Feng(2007) Model, the Relief Degree of Land Surface dataset of the Green Silk Road in 1km resolution was developed. The dataset includes the spatial distribution data of the Relief Degree of Land Surface, elevation, and flat area at 1km covering the Green Silk Road, as well as each country of the Green Silk Road.
XIAO Chiwei
The ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM) is a global digital elevation data product jointly released by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of America (NASA) and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan (METI). The DEM data were based on the observation results of NASA’s new generation of Earth observation satellite, TERRA, and generated from 1.3 million stereo image pairs collected by ASTER (Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radio meter) sensors, covering more than 99% of the land surface of the Earth. These data were downloaded from the ASTER GDEM data distribution website. For the convenience of using the data, based on framing the ASTER GDEM data, we used Erdas software to splice and prepare the ASTER GDEM mosaic of the Tibetan Plateau. This data set contains three data files: ASTER_GDEM_TILES ASTERGDEM_MOSAIC_DEM ASTERGDEM_MOSAIC_NUM The ASTER GDEM data of the Tibetan Plateau have an accuracy of 30 meters, the raw data are in tif format, and the mosaic data are stored in the img format. The raw data of this data set were downloaded from the ASTERGDEM website and completely retained the original appearance of the data. ASTER GDEM was divided into several 1×1 degree data blocks during distribution. The distribution format was the zip compression format, and each compressed package included two files. The file naming format is as follows: ASTGTM_NxxEyyy_dem.tif ASTGTM_NxxEyyy_num.tif xx is the starting latitude, and yyy is the starting longitude. _dem.tif is the dem data file, and _num.tif is the data quality file. ASTER GDEM TILES: The original, unprocessed raw data are retained. ASTERGDEM_MOSAIC_DEM: Inlay the dem.tif data using Erdas software, and parameter settings use default values. ASRERGDEM_MOSAIC_NUM: Inlay the num.tif data using Erdas software, and parameter settings use default values. The original raw data are retained, and the accuracy is consistent with that of the ASTERGDEM data distribution website. The horizontal accuracy of the data is 30 meters, and the elevation accuracy is 20 meters. The mosaic data are made by Erdas, and the parameter settings use the default values.
METI, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The slope dataset of the Green Silk Road, which represent the tilts of the land surface units, is a quantitative description for land surface steepness. This dataset calculated from GMTED2010 (Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010) which product by USGS (United States Geological Survey). First, the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) of Green Silk Road are obtained by the preprocessing including projection, clipping for the GMTED2010. Second, the slopes are calculated by using the degree method in ArcGIS software to generate the slope dataset of the green Silk Road. This dataset is of good quality and can accurately reflect the land surface tilt of the Green Silk Road areas. It can be used in the fields of Surveying and mapping, remote sensing, environmental resources, agricultural and forestry land planning, urban planning, disaster monitoring, hydropower engineering, military and other resources, environment and social economy.
Xiaohuan Yang
The data was obtained from the 30-second global elevation dataset developed by the US Geological Survey (USGS) and completed in 1996. Downloaded the data from the NCAR and UCAR Joint Data Download Center (https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds758.0/) and redistributed it through this data center. GTOPO30 divides the world into 33 blocks. The sampling interval is 30 arc seconds, which is 0.00833333333333333 degrees. The coordinate reference is WGS84. The DEM is the distance from the sea level in the vertical direction, ie the altitude, in m, the altitude range from -407 to 8752, the ocean depth information is not included here, the negative value is the altitude of the continental shelf; the ocean is marked as -9999, the elevation above the coastline is at least 1; the island less than 1 square kilometer is not considered. In order to facilitate the user's convenience, on the basis of the block data, splice 10 blocks in -10S-90N and 20W-180E without any resampling processing. This data file is DEM_ptpe_Gtopo30.nc
HE Yongli
DEM data of economic corridors in Silk Road can reflect the altitude of the six economic corridors, the unit is meter(m). The spatial resolution of the data is 0.016 degrees, which is about 1.8km. The longitude range is 12.09°E-180°, and the latitude range is 10.99°S-90°N. The source is derived from the Global Relief Model built by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States (NOAA). The range is cut by the border of the Silk Road. This data is one of the basic data necessary to assess the risks of natural disasters (including debris flows, landslides, flash floods, etc.) in the six economic corridors. The application frequency will be high and the prospects will be broad.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States (NOAA), ZOU Qiang
The sand drift potential data sets of Central Asia in 2017 is in tif format. It covers five countries in Central Asia, including Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. The sand drift potential is absolutely drift potential, that is, the sum of the flux in all directions, regardless of the direction of the potential. The data was obtained by GLDAS global three-hour assimilation data extraction calculation. The temporal resolution is month, the spatial resolution is 0.25°, and the time range is 2017. This data set can be used as an important reference data for sand storm disaster assessment.
GAO Xin
Slope data of economic corridors in Silk Road can reflect the degree of steepness of the surface units of the six major economic corridors, the unit is degree (°). The spatial resolution of the data is 0.016 degrees, which is about 1.8km. The longitude range is 12.09°E-180°, and the latitude range is 10.99°S-90°N. The source is derived from the Global Relief Model built by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States (NOAA). The range is cut by the border of the Silk Road. This data is one of the basic data necessary to assess the risks of natural disasters (including debris flows, landslides, flash floods, etc.) in the six economic corridors. The application frequency will be high and the prospects will be broad.
ZOU Qiang
The data set is the vegetation coverage in Central Asia including three temperate deserts, the Karakum, Kyzylkum and Muyunkun Deserts, and one of the world's largest arid zones. This is the MODIS-NDVI data set calculated by using the NDVI and the vegetation coverage in arid region. The space and time resolutions are 500 m and 16 days, respectively. The time is from 01, January, 2017 to 18, December, 2017. The data set uses the the Geodetic coordinate system. It can be used for the investigation of the Desert oil and gas field, and oasis cities.
GAO Xin
The data set is the distribution of the average roughness in Central Asia including three temperate deserts, the Karakum, Kyzylkum and Muyunkun Deserts, and one of the world's largest arid zones. This is the MODIS-NDVI data set calculated by using the median particle diameter and the vegetation coverage. The space and time resolutions are 500 m and 16 days, respectively. The time is from 01, January, 2017 to 18, December, 2017. The data set uses the the Geodetic coordinate system. It can be used for the investigation of the Desert oil and gas field, and oasis cities.
GAO Xin
The ages of glacial traces of the last glacial maximum, Holocene and little ice age in the Westerlies and monsoon areas were determined by Cosmogenic Nuclide (10Be and 26Al) exposure dating method to determine the absolute age sequence of glacial advance and retreat. The distribution of glacial remains is investigated in the field, the location of moraine ridge is determined, and the geomorphic characteristics of moraine ridge are measured. According to the geomorphic location and weathering degree of glacial remains, the relationship between the new and the old is determined, and the moraine ridge of the last glacial maximum is preliminarily determined. The exposed age samples of glacial boulders on each row of moraine ridges were collected from the ridge upstream. This data includes the range of glacier advance and retreat in Karakoram area during climate transition period based on 10Be exposure age method.
SHANG Cheng
The data set contains the slope aspect (resolution: 30 m) factor affecting soil erosion on the Loess Plateau and the slope aspect data extracted from the elevation data of the Loess Plateau. Each theme map is divided into frames according to the 1:250000 scale standard map cartography method, and the frames are denoted by the 1:250000 scale standard map cartography number. The geographical coordinate is WGS1984; the accuracy can meet the requirements of regional scale hydrology and soil erosion analysis and forecasting.
LIU Baoyuan, SHI Haijing
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