Meteorological elements of the dataset include the near-surface land-air exchange parameters, such as downward/upward longwave/shortwave radiation flux, momentum flux, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, etc. In addition, the vertical distributions of 3-dimensional wind, temperature, humidity, and pressure from the surface to the tropopause are also included. Independent evaluations were conducted for the dataset by comparison between the observational data and the most recent ERA5 reanalysis data. The results demonstrate the accuracy and superiority of this dataset against reanalysis data, which provides great potential for future climate change research.
LI Fei, Ma Shupo, ZHU Jinhuan, ZOU Han , LI Peng , ZHOU Libo
Numerical experiments: The climate model used is the fast air sea coupling model (FAMOUS) jointly developed by the British Meteorological Office and British universities The horizontal resolution of the atmospheric model in the FAMOUS model is 5 ° × 7.5 °, 11 layers in vertical direction; The horizontal resolution of the ocean model is 2.5 ° × 3.75 °, 20 layers in vertical direction The atmosphere and ocean are coupled once a day without flux adjustment The tests included the Middle Paleocene (MP,~60Ma BP, test name flat_60ma_1xCO2_sea_3d_ * * 100yr_mean. nc) and the Late Oligocene (LO,~25Ma BP, test name orog_25ma_1xCO2_sea_3d_ * * 100yr_mean. nc) The sea land distribution data is mainly taken from the global coastline basic data set (abbreviated as Gplates, website: http://www.gplates.org/ ）Considering that the initial uplift of Cenozoic terrains such as the Qinghai Tibet Plateau started at about 50~55 Ma (Searle et al., 1987), the global terrain height was set to 0 in the MP test to omit the role of plateau terrain. At 25 Ma, Greenland (Zachos et al., 2001) and the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (for example, Wang et al., 2014; Ding et al., 2014; Rowley and Currie, 2006; DeCells et al., 2007; Polisar et al., 2009) were revised The change of ancient latitude is also considered when reconstructing the ancient topography of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (Besse et al., 1984; Chatterjee et al., 2013; Wei et al., 2013) At the same time, referring to the change of Cenozoic atmospheric CO2 (Beerling and Royer, 2011), the atmospheric CO2 concentration in the two periods of experiments was 280 ppmv (1 ppmv=1 mg L – 1) before the industrial revolution For simplicity, all land vegetation and soil properties are set to globally uniform values, that is, various land surface properties on each land grid point except Antarctica are assigned to the global average value of non glacial land surface before the industrial revolution, which is also convenient for highlighting the impact of land sea distribution and topographic changes In addition, since we mainly discuss the average climate state and its change in the characteristic geological period on the scale of millions of years, we can omit the influence of orbital forcing, that is, the Earth's orbital parameters are set to their modern values in all experiments Output time: All tests were integrated for 1000 years, using the average results of the last 100 years of each test. This data is helpful to explore the formation and evolution mechanism of the Cenozoic monsoon and drought.
LIU Xiaodong
This data set is the daily vorticity related flux observation data of Naqu flux station (31.64 ° N 92.01 ° E, 4598 m a.s.l.), including ecosystem net ecosystem productivity (NEP), total primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) data. The main steps of data pre-processing include wild point removal (± 3 σ）、 Coordinate axis rotation (3D wind rotation), Webb Pearman Leuning correction, outlier elimination, carbon flux interpolation and decomposition, etc. Missing data are interpolated through the nonlinear empirical formula between CO2 flux value (Fc) and environmental factors.
ZHANG Yangjian
This dataset is the daily vorticity related flux observation data of Naqu flux station (31.64 ° N 92.01 ° E, 4598 m a.s.l.), including net ecosystem productivity (NEP), total primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), evapotranspiration, latent heat, sensible heat, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, soil temperature, soil moisture and other data. The main steps of data pre-processing include wild point removal (± 3 σ）、 Coordinate axis rotation (3D wind rotation), Webb Pearman Leuning correction, outlier elimination, carbon flux interpolation and decomposition, etc. Missing data are interpolated through the nonlinear empirical formula between CO2 flux value (Fc) and environmental factors.
ZHANG Yangjian
This data set is the data set of water balance (precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, liquid soil moisture) and energy balance (short wave radiation, sensible heat, latent heat and surface soil temperature) for the source of the Yellow River and the Qilian Mountains over the past 40 years. The initial data source is ERA5 Land monthly average data, which is accumulated/averaged to the annual scale through time aggregation. The time range of the data is 1981-2020, the spatial range is 88.5 ° E – 104.5 ° E, 32 ° N – 43 ° N, and the spatial resolution is 0.1 °. The data set can be further used to study the ecological hydrological processes in the source area of the Yellow River and the Qilian Mountains, and provide scientific basis for the optimal allocation of the "mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses" system.
ZHENG Donghai
This data set is the conventional meteorological observation data of Maqu grassland observation site in the source region of the Yellow River from 2017 to 2020, obtained by using Kipp&Zonen CNR4, Vaisala HMP155A, PTB110 and other instruments, with a time resolution of half an hour. Mainly include wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, downward short-wave radiation, downward long-wave radiation, precipitation.
MENG Xianhong, LI Zhaoguo
This data set is the conventional meteorological observation data of the Ngoring Lake Grassland Observation site (GS) in the source region of the Yellow River from 2017 to 2020, obtained by using Kipp&Zonen CNR4, Vaisala HMP155A, PTB110 and other instruments, with a time resolution of half an hour. Mainly include wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity（specific humidity in 2020）, air pressure, downward short-wave radiation, downward long-wave radiation, precipitation.
MENG Xianhong, LI Zhaoguo
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used for monitoring vegetation. This dataset employed all available Landsat 5/7/8 data on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) (> 100,000 scenes), and reconstructed high spatiotemporal NDVI time-series data (30-m and 8-d) during 2000-2020 on the TP (QTP-NDVI30) by using the MODIS-Landsat fusion algorithm (gap filling and Savitzky–Golay filtering；GF-SG). For the details of GF-SG, please refer to Chen et al. (2021). This dataset has been evaluated carefully. The quantitative assessments show that the reconstructed NDVI images have an average MAE value of 0.02, correlation coefficient of 0.96, and SSIM value of 0.94. We compared the reconstructed images in some typical areas with the PlanetScope 3-m images and found that the spatial details were well preserved by QTP-NDVI30. The geographic coordinate system of this dataset is GCS_WGS_84. The spatial range covers the vegetation area of the QTP, which is defined as the areas with average NDVI during July- September larger than 0.15.
CAO Ruyin , XU Zichao , CHEN Yang , SHEN Miaogen , CHEN Jin
This data is the debris flow risk assessment data obtained from the analysis and Research on the debris flow disaster in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, and the data source is the risk and vulnerability analysis results obtained from this study; The research method is based on the risk expression given by the United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs (1992): risk = hazard × Vulnerability, risk analysis of debris flow disaster in the study area.. The purpose of this data is to assess the risk of debris flow disaster in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, understand the relationship between the intensity of major debris flow risk, and provide scientific guidance for the decision-making of local government departments in disaster prevention and mitigation and urban governance.
SU Fenghuan
This data is the debris flow risk assessment data obtained from the analysis and Research on the debris flow disaster in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, and the data source is the risk and vulnerability analysis results obtained from this study; The research method is based on the risk expression given by the United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs (1992): risk = hazard × Vulnerability, risk analysis of debris flow disaster in the study area.. The purpose of this data is to assess the risk of debris flow disaster in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, understand the relationship between the intensity of major debris flow risk, and provide scientific guidance for the decision-making of local government departments in disaster prevention and mitigation and urban governance.
SU Fenghuan
This data is the debris flow risk assessment data, which is obtained from the analysis and research of the debris flow disaster in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor. The sample data of debris flow is the detailed data of debris flow disaster through remote sensing interpretation and on-site verification. A risk assessment system is established to evaluate the debris flow risk in the study area by using the information method, and then the risk area is divided by using the natural breakpoint method. This data can be used to assess the risk of major debris flow disasters, understand the relationship between the risk degree of major debris flow, and provide scientific guidance for the decision-making of local government departments in disaster prevention and mitigation and urban governance.
SU Fenghuan
This dataset includes the schematic diagrams and lithologic histograms of the measured sections of typical unconsolidated sediments in Shigatse, Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin, as well as the statistical table of measured sections. The source data comes from a two-month field measurement in Shigatse, Tibet. 16 sections of unconsolidated sediments were measured, and 128 samples were collected, including 89 cosmic nuclide samples and 39 optically stimulated luminescence samples. 16 schematic diagrams and 38 lithologic histograms were shown. The dataset primarily shows the genetic types of typical unconsolidated sediments in the Shigatse area, such as alluvium, eluvium, diluvium, colluvium, and moraine deposits. The exposed range of measured sediment thickness is about 1.6–70 m, the average thickness is about 29 m, and the horizontal distribution is 41–9059 m. The dataset demonstrates the discrete, porous, sandy and weakly cemented structural characteristics of the unconsolidated sediments with high gravel content (80%–95%), and the main gravel diameter distribution is 0.05–0.1m; sorting and roundness of alluvium are good, while the colluvial materials are poor. Fining-upward trends are commonly seen in most sections, and parallel and tabular cross-bedding are occasionally developed. Untangling the sedimentary characteristics of unconsolidated sediments in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin is vital to reveal the storage of fluvial solid matter across the basin, and provide important instructions for disaster warning and prevention and control of related features caused by sliding, unloading, and collapse of the ground surface. It is also of great scientific value to reveal the source-sink process and evolution of fluvial and alluvial systems in the Tibet Plateau and its surrounding basins.
LIN Zhipeng, WANG Chengshan , HAN Zhongpeng, BAI Yalige, WANG Xinhang, ZHANG Jian, MA Xinduo
Focusing on the objective of estimating the total amount of unconsolidated sediments in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin (YTRB), we marked a series of Quaternary sections of unconsolidated sediments in the whole basin to measure their thickness. The dataset presents a collection of field photos of unconsolidated sediments obtained in the scientific expedition in YTRB in 2020. Specifically, this dataset comprises of 16 composite first–class sub basins, from upstream to downstream, including Dangque–Laiwu Tsangpo, Resu–Lierong Tsangpo, Chaiqu–Menqu, Xiongqu–Wengbuqu, Jiada Tsangpo, Pengji Tsangpo–Sakya Chongqu, Duoxiong Tsangpo, Shabu–Danapu, Nianchu River, Xiangqu–Wuyuma, Manqu, Nimuma–Lhasa River, Gonggapu–Luoburongqu, Niyang River, Yigong Tsangpo–Palong Tsangpo, and Xiangjiang River Basin. A total of 584 sites of unconsolidated sediments were marked. The atlas displays different types of unconsolidated sediments, such as alluvium, eluvium, diluvium, colluvium, eolian, lacustrine and moraine deposits, showing their spatial distribution in hillsides, foothills, floodplains, terraces, alluvial–diluvial fans and glacier fronts. With a scale of 1m benchmarking, it shows the significant difference in distribution of thickness. Generally, the thickness of the eluvium on the upper part of the hillside is about 0.3–2.5m, and the thickness of the alluvium is difficult to bottom out. The thickness of diluvium in the gentle area of the piedmont with steep slope is usually between 5 and 10 m, while the thickness of the deposit at the piedmont gully mouth is related to the scale of the pluvial fan, which can reach tens of meters thick and only 3 to 4 meters thin. From the upstream to the downstream, the thickness of alluvium varies greatly. The bedrock in the canyon area is exposed, and the thickness is almost 0. However, the thickness of alluvium in the upstream river valley is large and difficult to see the bottom interface; The maximum thickness of measured moraine deposits can reach more than 20 m. Aeolian deposits are common in the middle and upper reaches, with a wide range of thickness, ranging from a few meters to more than 20 meters. The dataset provides a wide variety of in–suit photos and measurements of unconsolidated sediments covering the whole basin, showing their characteristics of spatial distribution and genetic types, which lays a material foundation and prior knowledge for further detailed characterization and investigation of unconsolidated sediments. This work presents data for estimating the total accumulation of solid debris deposited in the YTRB, and provides a basis for assessing the risk of natural disasters related to unconsolidated sediments and formulating scientific preventive measures.
LIN Zhipeng, WANG Chengshan , HAN Zhongpeng, BAI Yalige, WANG Xinhang, HU Taiyu
The considerable amount of solid clastic material in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin (YTRB)) is one of the important components in recording the uplift and denudation history of the Tibet Plateau. Different types of unconsolidated sediments directly reflect the differential transport of solid clastic material. Revealing its spatial distribution and total accumulation plays an important value in the uplift and denudation process of the Tibet Plateau. The dataset includes three subsets: the type and spatial distribution of unconsolidated sediments in theYTRB, the thickness spatial distribution, and the quantification of total deposition. Taking remote sensing interpretation and geological mapping as the main technical method, the classification and spatial distribution characteristics of unconsolidated sediments in the whole YTRB (16 composite sub-basins) were comprehensively clarified for the first time. Based on the field measurement of sediment thickness, the total accumulation was preliminarily estimated. A massive amount of sediment is an important material source of landslide, debris flow and flood disasters in the basin. Finding out its spatial distribution and total amount accumulation not only has theoretical significance for revealing the key information recorded in the process of sediment source to sink, such as surface environmental change, regional tectonic movement, climate change and biogeochemical cycle, but also has important application value for plateau ecological environment monitoring and protection, flooding disaster warning and prevention, major basic engineering construction, and soil and water conservation.
LIN Zhipeng, WANG Chengshan , HAN Zhongpeng, BAI Yalige, WANG Xinhang, ZHANG Jian, MA Xinduo, HU Taiyu, ZHANG Chenjin
This data provides the distribution of debris flows in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Tianshan Mountains by 2021. Based on historical data collection, field surveys and interpretation of remote sensing images, combined with digital topographic maps (DEM) and geological maps, the latest China-Pakistan economic The debris flow distribution data of the corridor (foreign section) has good reliability of data information, and the data can be used as the basic data for debris flow distribution law, debris flow risk, and risk calculation. The extraction of the debris flow basin mainly adopts the hydrological analysis method in ArcGIS, taking into account the accuracy limitation of DEM, combined with Google Earth images to perform necessary manual correction.
SU Fenghuan
This data is the material physical property data of the typical debris flow trenches of G217 and G30, the main traffic roads in the Tianshan area. This data is the detailed information of the typical debris flow disaster points in the study area, including watershed parameters, channel parameters, and debris flow accumulation material physical parameters; these data can be Combined with the rainfall data, the research contents such as the rainfall threshold of debris flow activities in this area can be further carried out. Including the area of the debris flow basin, the width of the ditch, the length of the ditch, the vertical gradient, the area of the glacial lake, and the physical properties of the debris flow deposits. The physical property data of the accumulation were obtained by experimental equipment such as a laser particle size analyzer, and the saturated permeability coefficient was obtained by a triaxial experiment.
CHEN Ningshen
Based on the compilation of major mountain torrent disaster cases from 1840 to 2019, this data is the mountain torrent disaster investigation data along the Sichuan Tibet railway, including time, location, disaster type, cause, longitude, latitude, rainfall, railway section and disaster loss information. According to the characteristics of different data sources such as investigation and compilation of historical flood data in China, national mountain flood disaster prevention and control project (2013-2015), mountain flood disaster investigation results and field investigation in Sichuan Province and Tibet Autonomous Region, the authenticity and consistency of the original data are checked and standardized; Then analyze, sort and summarize according to the data source and data; Finally, the use of SuperMap software for processing.
WANG Zhonggen
Four point bending failure tests (bending failure and shear failure of pure reinforced anti slide pile; bending failure and shear failure of prestressed anti slide pile) were carried out on four anti slide piles with different structures, and the whole failure process was monitored by acoustic emission. The monitoring equipment is the German eight channel vallen acoustic emission monitor, and seven sensors are arranged to monitor the damage of piles in the whole area. The collected AE data mainly include amplitude, energy, ring count, frequency and other key AE indicators. By studying the characteristics of acoustic emission signals in the whole process, we can get the acoustic emission characteristics of anti slide piles in different stages and different failure forms, establish the damage model, and provide a feasible scheme for the prediction and early warning of structural failure.
JIANG Qinghui
1) In mountainous areas, due to the complex topographic and geological background conditions, landslides are very easy to occur triggered by external factors such as rainfall, snow melting, earthquake and human engineering activities, resulting in the loss of life and property and the destruction of the natural environment. In order to meet the safety of project site construction, the rationality of land use planning and the urgent needs of disaster mitigation, it is necessary to carry out regional landslide sensitivity evaluation. When many different evaluation results are obtained by using a variety of different methods, how to effectively combine these results to obtain the optimal prediction is a technical problem that is still not difficult to solve at present. It is still very lack in determining the optimal strategy and operation execution of the optimal method for landslide sensitivity evaluation in a certain area. 2) Using the traditional classical multivariate classification technology, through the evaluation of model results and error quantification, the optimal evaluation model is combined to quickly realize the high-quality evaluation of regional landslide sensitivity. The source code is written based on the R language software platform. The user needs to prepare a local folder separately to read and store the software operation results. The user needs to remember the folder storage path and make corresponding settings in the software source code. 3) The source code designs two different modes to display the operation results of the model. The analysis results are output in the standard format of text and graphic format and the geospatial mode that needs spatial data and is displayed in the standard geographic format. 4) it is suitable for all people interested in landslide risk assessment. The software can be used efficiently by experienced researchers in Colleges and universities, and can also be used by government personnel and public welfare organizations in the field of land and environmental planning and management to obtain landslide sensitivity classification results conveniently, quickly, correctly and reliably. It can serve regional land use planning, disaster risk assessment and management, disaster emergency response under extreme induced events (earthquake or rainfall, etc.), and has great practical guiding significance for the selection of landslide monitoring equipment and the reasonable and effective layout and operation of early warning network. It can be popularized and applied in areas with serious landslide development
YANG Zhongkang
The data set is the watershed scale erosion rate of the eastern Tibet Based on 10Be. The data includes the first author, publication year, longitude and latitude and erosion rate. The data were collected in published journal articles, and the data has significant spatial distribution characteristics, and different research results are consistent with each other. The spatial characteristics of basin-wide erosion rate are always related to river geomorphic characteristics (such as steepness), climate and tectonic activities. Therefore, the systematic data set can provide important data support for the analysis of the main controlling factors of regional erosion rate , making it possible to quantify the contribution of climate and structure to the surface process in the region.
ZHANG Huiping
1) Data content: this data set is the landslide disaster data of Sanjiang Basin in the southeast of Qinghai Tibet Plateau; 2) Data source and processing method: this data set was independently interpreted by Dai Fuchu of Beijing University of technology using Google Earth; This data file is finally formed by remote sensing interpretation - on-site verification - re interpretation - re verification and other methods after 7 systematic interpretation. More than 5000 landslides have been verified on site with high accuracy; 4) This data has broad application prospects for hydropower resources development, traffic engineering construction and geological disaster evaluation in the three river basins in the southeast of Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
DAI Fuchu
The thematic map of comprehensive zoning of multi disaster susceptibility shows the spatial distribution of multi disaster susceptibility and the combination mode of disaster types in the region. It is composed of geological disaster susceptibility, earthquake disaster susceptibility, frozen soil freeze-thaw disaster susceptibility and rainstorm flood disaster susceptibility. The data is mainly generated by the calculation of remote sensing data input susceptibility evaluation model. The input data includes disaster cataloging, landform data, climate data and geological data. The data mainly includes a thematic map and the prone grid and vector data (. SHP) used for mapping. The grid size of grid data (. TIF) is 0.01 degrees, about 1200m. The data will provide reference for the development planning of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
TANG Chenxiao, ZHANG Guoming, LIU Lianyou
The disaster catalogue of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau contains the spatial distribution and type information of various historical disasters, ranging from Pakistan and Kashmir in the west, Qinghai Province in the East, the foothills of the Himalayas in the South and Arkin mountain in the north. The production of data is completed by a large number of manual remote sensing interpretation, field investigation, collection of geological survey data and open source data. The data is stored in the form of vector points, mainly including attribute table, indicating disaster type, coordinates and other information. This data can be used to study the spatial distribution law of disasters and disaster evaluation. This data contains a total of 23536 pieces of data. Due to the reference of geological survey data, most of the debris flow data are distributed along the road, and there are few data in no man's land.
TANG Chenxiao
According to the task assignment, the research group of "research and development of key technologies and equipment for monitoring and early warning of debris flow in complex mountainous areas" developed a prototype of multi index intelligent early warning and monitoring equipment for debris flow disasters such as mud water level and ground sound, and carried out demonstration application of the prototype in Guxiang gully, Tianmo gully and Peilong gully along G318 National Highway in Bomi County, Nyingchi City, Tibet in October 2019. The data submitted are the original data collected by the debris flow professional monitoring equipment deployed in Guxiang gully, Tianmo gully and Peilong gully, including the monitoring data of geoacoustic equipment, rainfall and mud water level. The monitoring data of professional equipment submitted by the Institute provides a technical guarantee for the research on the evolution characteristics of the breeding, development and formation stages of debris flow disasters in Guxiang gully, Tianmo gully and Peilong gully to a certain extent.
DONG Hanchuan , GUO Wei
The dataset of soil evaporation in the middle and lower Heihe River Basin at the north of Qilian Mountains (2001-2015) is stimulated by the Hydrological-Ecological Integrated watershed Flow Model (HEIFLOW). HEIFLOW is a three-dimensional distributed eco-hydrological coupling model, integrating the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) with the Modular Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) and several ecological modules, which can completely describe the hydrological cycle and vegetation ecological process of the basin. For the modeling details of generating this data, please refer to Han et al. (2021), and for the technical details of HEIFLOW model, please refer to Han et al. (2021), Tian et al. (2018), and sun et al. (2018)
ZHENG Yi , HAN Feng , TIAN Yong
The dataset of leaf area index in the middle and lower Heihe River Basin at the north of Qilian Mountains (2001-2015) is stimulated by the Hydrological-Ecological Integrated watershed Flow Model (HEIFLOW). HEIFLOW is a three-dimensional distributed eco-hydrological coupling model, integrating the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) with the Modular Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) and several ecological modules, which can completely describe the hydrological cycle and vegetation ecological process of the basin. For the modeling details of generating this data, please refer to Han et al. (2021), and for the technical details of HEIFLOW model, please refer to Han et al. (2021), Tian et al. (2018), and sun et al. (2018)
ZHENG Yi , HAN Feng , TIAN Yong
The dataset of available soil water content in the middle and lower Heihe River Basin at the north of Qilian Mountains (2001-2015) is stimulated by the Hydrological-Ecological Integrated watershed Flow Model (HEIFLOW). HEIFLOW is a three-dimensional distributed eco-hydrological coupling model, integrating the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) with the Modular Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) and several ecological modules, which can completely describe the hydrological cycle and vegetation ecological process of the basin. For the modeling details of generating this data, please refer to Han et al. (2021), and for the technical details of HEIFLOW model, please refer to Han et al. (2021), Tian et al. (2018), and sun et al. (2018)
ZHENG Yi , HAN Feng , TIAN Yong
The dataset of vegetation transpiration in the middle and lower Heihe River Basin at the north of Qilian Mountains (2001-2015) is stimulated by the Hydrological-Ecological Integrated watershed Flow Model (HEIFLOW). HEIFLOW is a three-dimensional distributed eco-hydrological coupling model, integrating the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) with the Modular Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) and several ecological modules, which can completely describe the hydrological cycle and vegetation ecological process of the basin. For the modeling details of generating this data, please refer to Han et al. (2021), and for the technical details of HEIFLOW model, please refer to Han et al. (2021), Tian et al. (2018), and sun et al. (2018)
ZHENG Yi , HAN Feng , TIAN Yong
Climatic warming alters the onset, duration and cessation of the vegetative season. While prior studies have shown a tight link between thermal conditions and leaf phenology, less is known about the impacts of phenological changes on tree growth. Here, we assessed the relationships between the start of the thermal growing season (TSOS) and tree growth across the extratropical Northern Hemisphere using 3451 tree-ring chronologies and daily climatic data for 1948-2014. An earlier TSOS promoted growth in regions with high ratios of precipitation to temperature but limited growth in cold dry regions. Path analyses indicated that an earlier TSOS enhanced growth primarily by alleviating thermal limitations on wood formation in boreal forests and by lengthening the period of growth in temperate and Mediterranean forests. Semi-arid and dry subalpine forests, however, did not benefit from an earlier onset of growth and a longer growing season, presumably due to associated water loss and/or more frequent early spring frosts. These broadly relevant patterns of how climatic impacts on wood phenology affect tree growth at regional to hemispheric scales, enhance our understanding of how future phenological changes may affect the carbon sequestration capacity of extra-tropical forest ecosystems.
LIANG Eryuan, GAO Shan
This dataset is the water balance dataset in the Yellow River source region and Qilian Mountains in the future 50 years (runoff, precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil liquid water content). It is simulated by the Geomorphology-Based Ecohydrological Model (GBEHM). The variables in the dataset include monthly runoff, monthly precipitation, monthly evapotranspiration, the monthly average 5cm soil liquid water content and the monthly average 50cm soil liquid water content. The temporal range is 2020-2070 and the spatial resolution is 1 km. The input data of the model include meteorological forcings, vegetation, soil and land use data, and the meteorological forcings are obtained from the ensemble mean of 38 CMIP6 models under SSP2-4.5 scenario. The simulation results can reflect the spatio-temporal changes of the hydrological variables in the Yellow River source region and Qilian Mountains. The dataset can be further used for researches into the eco-hydrological processes in the Yellow River source region and Qilian Mountains, and help provide a scientific basis for the optimal allocation of " mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands " system.
WANG Taihua, YANG Dawen
This dataset is the water balance dataset in the Yellow River source region and Qilian Mountains in the past 40 years (runoff, precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil liquid water content). It is simulated by the Geomorphology-Based Ecohydrological Model (GBEHM). The variables in the dataset include monthly runoff, monthly precipitation, monthly evapotranspiration, the monthly average 5cm soil liquid water content and the monthly average 50cm soil liquid water content. The temporal range is 1980-2019 and the spatial resolution is 1 km. The input data of the model include meteorological forcings, vegetation, soil and land use data. The simulation results can reflect the spatio-temporal changes of the hydrological variables in the Yellow River source region and Qilian Mountains. The dataset can be further used for researches into the eco-hydrological processes in the Yellow River source region and Qilian Mountains, and help provide a scientific basis for the optimal allocation of " mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands " system.
WANG Taihua, YANG Dawen
1) Data content It includes the observation year, latitude and longitude, altitude, ecosystem type and soil layer (soc0-100 (kgcm-2); 0-100 represents soil layer), underground biomass content. 2) Data sources This part of the data is obtained from the literature, specific literature sources refer to the documentation. 3) Data quality description The data cover a wide range, including comprehensive indicators, showing the content of soil organic carbon under different soil layers, with high integrity and accuracy, which can meet the estimation of soil carbon storage of grassland in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. 4) Data application achievements and Prospects It provides basic data for predicting the carbon source sink effect of soil and realizing the sustainable development of ecosystem carbon in the future.
HU Zhongmin
1) Data content It includes the observation year, longitude and latitude, ecosystem type, annual rainfall, drought index, annual net primary productivity, aboveground biomass, underground biomass and other data. 2) Data sources One part is from literature (1980-1995), the other part is from field sampling (2005-2006). 3) Data quality description The data has a long observation year, a large time span, a wide coverage, and many indicators, which has high integrity and accuracy, and can meet the estimation of grassland carbon storage in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. 4) Data application achievements and Prospects It provides basic data for predicting the carbon source sink effect and realizing the sustainable development of ecosystem carbon in the future.
HU Zhongmin
The data set is based on the NBP simulated by 16 dynamic global vegetation models (TRENDY v8) under S2 Scenario (CO2+Climate) and represents the net biome productivity of the ecosystem. Data was derived from Le Quéré et al. (2019). The range of source data is global, and the Qinghai Tibet plateau region is selected in this data set. Original data is interpolated into 0.5*0.5 degree by the nearest neighbor method in space, and the original monthly scale is maintained in time. The data set is the standard model output data, which is often used to evaluate the temporal and spatial patterns of gross primary productivity, and compared with other remote sensing observations, flux observations and other data.
STEPHEN Sitch
The data set is based on the GPP simulated by 16 dynamic global vegetation models (TRENDY v8) under S2 Scenario (CO2+Climate) and represents the gross primary productivity of the ecosystem. Data was derived from Le Qu é r é Et al. (2019). The range of source data is global, and the Qinghai Tibet plateau region is selected in this data set. Original data is interpolated into 0.5*0.5 degree by the nearest neighbor method in space, and the original monthly scale is maintained in time. The data set is the standard model output data, which is often used to evaluate the temporal and spatial patterns of gross primary productivity, and compared with other remote sensing observations, flux observations and other data.
STEPHEN Sitch
This dataset includes data recorded by the Heihe integrated observatory network obtained from an observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of Daman Superstation from January 1 to December 31, 2018. The site (100.372° E, 38.856° N) was located on a cropland (maize surface) in the Daman irrigation, which is near Zhangye city, Gansu Province. The elevation is 1556 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (AV-14TH;3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 m, towards north), wind speed and direction profile (windsonic; 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 m, towards north), air pressure (CS100; 2 m), rain gauge (TE525M; 2.5 m, 8 m in west of tower), four-component radiometer (PIR&PSP; 12 m, towards south), two infrared temperature sensors (IRTC3; 12 m, towards south, vertically downward), photosynthetically active radiation (LI190SB; 12 m, towards south, vertically upward; another four photosynthetically active radiation, PQS-1; two above the plants (12 m) and two below the plants (0.3 m), towards south, each with one vertically downward and one vertically upward), soil heat flux (HFP01SC; 3 duplicates with G1 below the vegetation; G2 and G3 between plants, -0.06 m), a TCAV averaging soil thermocouple probe (TCAV; -0.02, -0.04 m), soil temperature profile (AV-10T; 0, -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m), soil moisture profile (CS616; -0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m). The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_3 m, Ta_5 m, Ta_10 m, Ta_15 m, Ta_20 m, Ta_30 m, and Ta_40 m; RH_3 m, RH_5 m, RH_10 m, RH_15 m, RH_20 m, RH_30 m, and RH_40 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_3 m, Ws_5 m, Ws_10 m, Ws_15 m, Ws_20 m, Ws_30 m, and Ws_40 m) (m/s), wind direction (WD_3 m, WD_5 m, WD_10 m, WD_15 m, WD_20 m, WD_30m, and WD_40 m) (°), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IRT_2) (℃), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (μmol/ (s m-2)), average soil temperature (TCAV, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, below the vegetation; Gs_2, and Gs_3, between plants) (W/m^2), soil temperature (Ts_0 cm, Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_80 cm, Ts_120 cm, and Ts_160 cm) (℃), soil moisture (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_80 cm, Ms_120 cm, and Ms_160 cm) (%, volumetric water content), above the plants photosynthetically active radiation of upward and downward (PAR_U_up and PAR_U_down) (μmol/ (s m-2)), and below the plants photosynthetically active radiation of upward and downward (PAR_D_up and PAR_D_down) (μmol/ (s m-2)). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day.The meterological data during September 17 and November 7 and TCAV data after November 7 were wrong because the malfunction of datalogger. The missing data were denoted by -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2018-6-10 10:30. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2018) (for sites information), Liu et al. (2011) for data processing) in the Citation section.
LI Xin, CHE Tao, XU Ziwei, REN Zhiguo, TAN Junlei
The dataset is a 30-minute eddy covariance flux observation data from nine flux stations in the Three Poles, including the data of ecosystem Net Carbon Exchange (NEE), Gross Primary Productivity(GPP), and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) . The time coverage of the data is from 2000 to 2016. The main steps of data pre-processing include outlier removal (±3σ), coordinate axis rotation(three-dimensional wind rotation), Webb-Pearman-Leuning correction, outlier elimination, carbon flux interpolation and decomposition. And missing data is interpolated by the nonlinear empirical formula between CO2 flux value(Fc) and environmental factors.
ZHANG Yangjian, NIU Ben
This dataset includes data recorded by the Cold and Arid Research Network of Lanzhou university obtained from an observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of Dunhuang Station from January 1 to December 31, 2018. The site (93.708° E, 40.348° N) was located on a wetland in the Dunhuang west lake, Gansu Province. The elevation is 990 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (4m and 8 m, towards north), wind speed and direction profile (windsonic; 4m and 8 m, towards north), air pressure (1 m), rain gauge (4 m), infrared temperature sensors (4 m, towards south, vertically downward), soil heat flux (-0.05 and -0.1m ), soil soil temperature/ moisture/ electrical conductivity profile (below the vegetation in the south of tower, -0.05 and -0.2 m), photosynthetically active radiation (4 m, towards south), four-component radiometer (4 m, towards south), sunshine duration sensor(4 m, towards south). The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_4 m, Ta_8 m; RH_2 m, RH_4 m, RH_8 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_4 m, Ws_8 m) (m/s), wind direction (WD_4 m, WD_8 m) (°), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT) (℃), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (μmol/ (s m-2)), soil heat flux (Gs_0.05m, Gs_0.1m) (W/m^2), soil temperature (Ts_0.05m, Ts_0.2m) (℃), soil moisture (Ms_0.05m, Ms_0.2m) (%, volumetric water content), soil conductivity (Ec_0.05m, Ec_0.2m)(μs/cm), sun time(h). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The data were missing during Jan. 23 to Jan. 24 because of collector failure; the data during Mar. 17 and May 24 were wrong because of the tower body tilt; The air humidity data were rejected due to program error. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2018-6-10 10:30.
ZHAO Changming, ZHANG Renyi
The near surface atmospheric forcing and surface state dataset of the Tibetan Plateau was yielded by WRF model, time range: 2000-2010, space range: 25-40 °N, 75-105 °E, time resolution: hourly, space resolution: 10 km, grid number: 150 * 300. There are 33 variables in total, including 11 near surface atmospheric variables: temperature at 2m height on the ground, specific humidity at 2m height on the ground, surface pressure, latitudinal component of 10m wind field on the ground, longitudinal component of 10m wind field on the ground, proportion of solid precipitation, cumulative cumulus convective precipitation, cumulative grid precipitation, downward shortwave radiation flux at the surface, downward length at the surface Wave radiation flux, cumulative potential evaporation. There are 19 surface state variables: soil temperature in each layer, soil moisture in each layer, liquid water content in each layer, heat flux of snow phase change, soil bottom temperature, surface runoff, underground runoff, vegetation proportion, surface heat flux, snow water equivalent, actual snow thickness, snow density, water in the canopy, surface temperature, albedo, background albedo, lower boundary Soil temperature, upward heat flux (sensible heat flux) at the surface and upward water flux (sensible heat flux) at the surface. There are three other variables: longitude, latitude and planetary boundary layer height.
PAN Xiaoduo
1、Based on field eddy correlation (EC) measurement data, using the standard data processing method for EC data, including despiking, coordinate rotation, air density corrections, outlier rejection, and friction velocity threshold (u*) corrections, gap filled, and NEE partition. The dataset collects carbon flux data and microclimate measurement data from 2003 to 2016 in three typical alpine grassland ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, including Damxung alpine meadow, Haibei alpine meadow ，Naqu alpine meadow，Zoige alpine grassland，Qilian mountion grassland . The time resolution of data is high (30 min), and the interpolation of data is complete throughout the year. This dataset can be applied to carbon flux assessment, comparison and prediction in these alpine meadows, attribution of climate factors affecting carbon flux, validation of model simulation results, etc. 2、Based on the MCDGF43 dataset, we produce the visible and near-infared albedo of Tibetan Plateau, using the standard data processing of hdf to tif , including the moasic, resample and masked by Tibetan Plateau's boundary. The time resolution of dataset is 8 days and the spatial resolution is 500 meters, which span the period of 2003-2016.
ZHANG Yangjian, SU Peixi, YANG Yan
This is the meteorological observation data of Selincuo Lake Camp. It includes the radiosonde data, turbulent flux, radiation observation data, general meteorologrical elements near the surface layer and others. The radiosonde data is observed separately at 14:00 and 18:00 July 2, at 8:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00 July 3, at 8:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00, and 23:00 July 4, at 6:00 July 5, 2017. The observation time of turbulent flux and radiation observation data is from 17:30 June 29 to 10:00 July 6, 2017. The observation time of general meteorologrical elements near the surface layer is from 18:30 June 29 to 10:10 July 6, 2017. The wind lidar observation time is from 2:24 June 30 to 3:49 July 6, 2017. The data is stored as an excel file.
HAN Yizhe, MA Weiqiang*
This data set includes the 2013 observation data of 10 water net nodes in the 5.5km × 5.5km observation matrix (red box in the thumbnail) of Yingke / Daman irrigation area in the middle reaches of Heihe River. The 10 water net nodes contain 4cm and 10cm two-layer hydro probe II probes to observe the main variables such as soil moisture, soil temperature, conductivity and complex permittivity; the si-111 infrared temperature probe is set up at 4m height to observe the surface infrared radiation temperature of the underlying surface. The time and frequency of conventional observation is 10 minutes. In order to ensure the accurate synchronization of si-111 and remote sensing, one minute intensive observation is conducted at 00:00-04:30, 08:00-18:00 and 21:00-24:00 every day. This data set can provide spatiotemporal continuous observation data set for remote sensing estimation of key water and heat variables of heterogeneous surface, remote sensing authenticity test, ecological hydrology research, irrigation optimization management and other research. For details, please refer to "2013 middle reaches of Heihe River waternet data document 20141231. Docx"
KANG Jian, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
Zhanye Airport desert observation system can offer in situ calibration data for TASI, WiDAS and L band sensor used in aerospace experiment. Observation Site: This point is located in a large, homogeneous and flatten desert near by Zhangye Airport. The main vegetation type is Sparse and low shrub. The coordinates of this site: 38°4′41.30" N, 100°41′48.10" E. Observation Instrument: The observation system consists of two SI-111 infrared radiometers (Campbell, USA), one installed vertically downward to land surface, another face to south of zenith angle 35°. SI-111 sensor installed at 4.0 m height. Observation Time: This site operates from 10 June, 2012 to today. Observation data laagered by every 5 seconds uninterrupted. Output data contained sample data of every 5 seconds and mean data of 1 minute. Accessory data: Land surface infrared temperature (by SI-111), sky infrared temperature (by SI-111) can be obtained. Dataset is stored in *.dat file, which can be read by Microsoft excel or other text processing software (UltraEdit, et. al). Table heads meaning: TarT_Atm, Sky infrared temperature @ facing south of zenith angle 35° (℃); SBT_Atm, body temperature of SI-111 sensor (℃) measured sky; TarT_Sur, land surface infrared temperature @ 4.0 m height; SBT_Sur, body temperature of SI-111 sensor (℃) measured land surface. Dataset is stored day by day, named as: data format + site name + interval time + date + time. The detailed information about data item showed in data header introduction in dataset.
MA Mingguo
A land surface temperature and upward/downward shortwave radiation observation system was set up on the roof, which locate on the edge of No.4 eddy covariance system (EC4) of the MUlti-Scale Observation EXperiment on Evapotranspiration over heterogeneous land surfaces 2012 (MUSOEXE-12). This observation site can offer in situ calibration data for TASI, WiDAS and L band sensor used in aerospace experiment. Observation Site: This point is located in a large and homogeneous adobe roof in Shiqiao Village, Xiaoman Town, Zhangye City. Land surface of observation site is relatively flat and uniform, and also not tall trees around. It’s about 20 meters away from southwest No.4 eddy covariance system (EC4) observation points. The coordinates of this site: 38°52′38.50″ N，100°21′27.00″ E。 Observation Instrument: Observation system is composed of a SI-111 infrared radiometer (Campbell, USA) installed vertically downward, two CMP3 pyranometer (Kipp&Zonen, Netherlands) one upward, another downward. Observation height is 1.0 m, data logging by a Campbell CR850 logger. Sensor orientation： Observation mounting arm has 3 m long, parallel to roof edge, azimuth angle: 156° (East by south 66°) Observation Time: This site operates from 23 June, 2012 to 20 September, 2012. Observation data laagered by every 5 seconds uninterrupted. Output data contained sample data of every 5 seconds and mean data of 1 minute. Accessory data: Land surface (adobe roof) temperature, downward/upward total solar radiation, surface albedo. Dataset is stored in *.dat file, which can be read by Microsoft excel or other text processing software (UltraEdit, et. al). Table heads meaning: Rs_downwell, downward shortwave radiation (W/m^2); Rs_upwell, upward (reflect) shortwave radiation (W/m^2); albedo, calculate by Rs_upwell/ Rs_downwell. SBT_C, body temperature of SI-111 sensor (℃); Target_C, Target of surface temperature (℃). Dataset is stored day by day, named as: data format + site name + interval time + date + time. The detailed information about data item showed in data header introduction in dataset.
MA Mingguo
Er’ba Reservoir surface temperature of water body can offer in situ calibration data for TASI, WiDAS and L band sensor used in aerospace experiment. Observation Site: This site is 14 KM away from East of ZhangYe city. It’s located in Er’ba village, JianTan town, ZhangYe city. The coordinates of this site: 38°54′57.14" N, 100°36′57.39" E. Observation Instrument: The observation system consists of two SI-111 infrared radiometers (Campbell, USA) and two 109SS temperature probes (Campbell, USA). Two SI-111 sensors, one installed vertically downward to water surface, another face to south of zenith angle 35°. Temperature probes float under water surface at 0 cm. SI-111 sensor installed at 3.0 m height, 3.4 m away from water edge. Observation Time: This site operates from 27 May, 2012 to 27 September, 2012. Observation data laagered by every 5 seconds uninterrupted. Output data contained sample data of every 5 seconds and mean data of 1 minute. Accessory data： Water surface infrared temperature (by SI-111), sky infrared temperature (by SI-111), water surface temperature (by 109ss) can be obtained. Dataset is stored in *.dat file, which can be read by Microsoft excel or other text processing software (UltraEdit, et. al). Table heads meaning: TarT_Atm, Sky infrared temperature (℃) @ facing south of zenith angle 35°; SBT_Atm, body temperature of SI-111 sensor (℃) measured sky; TarT_Sur, water surface infrared temperature @ 3.0 m height; SBT_Sur, body temperature of SI-111 sensor (℃) measured water surface; WaterT_1, WaterT_2, water surface temperature (℃) measured by 109SS temperature probes. Dataset is stored day by day, named as: data format + site name + interval time + date + time. The detailed information about data item showed in data header introduction in dataset.
MA Mingguo
This data set includes the observation data of 25 water net sensor network nodes in Babao River Basin in the upper reaches of Heihe River from January 2015 to December 2015. 4cm and 20cm soil moisture / temperature is the basic observation of each node; some nodes also include 10cm soil moisture / temperature, surface infrared radiation temperature, snow depth and precipitation observation. The observation frequency is 5 minutes. The data set can be used for hydrological simulation, data assimilation and remote sensing verification. For details, please refer to "2015 data document 20160501. Docx of water net of Babao River in the upper reaches of Heihe River"
KANG Jian, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
This data set includes the 2015 observation data of 9 water net nodes in the 5.5km × 5.5km observation matrix (red box in the thumbnail) of Yingke / Daman irrigation area in the middle reaches of Heihe River. The nine nodes contain 4cm and 10cm two-layer hydro probe II probes to observe the main variables such as soil moisture, soil temperature, conductivity and complex permittivity; the si-111 infrared temperature probe is set up at 4m height to observe the surface radiation infrared temperature of the underlying surface. The observation time frequency is 5 minutes. This data set can provide spatiotemporal continuous observation data set for remote sensing estimation of key water and heat variables of heterogeneous surface, remote sensing authenticity test, ecological hydrology research, irrigation optimization management and other research.
KANG Jian, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
This data set includes the observation data of 40 water net sensor network nodes in Babao River Basin in the upper reaches of Heihe River since the end of June 2013. Soil moisture of 4cm, 10cm and 20cm is the basic observation of each node; 19 nodes include the observation of soil moisture and surface infrared radiation temperature; 11 nodes include the observation of soil moisture, surface infrared radiation temperature, snow depth and precipitation. The observation frequency is 5 minutes. The data set can be used for hydrological simulation, data assimilation and remote sensing verification.
KANG Jian, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
The dataset of automatic meteorological observations was obtained at the Dayekou Guantan forest station (E100°15′/N38°32′, 2835m), south of Zhangye city, Gansu province, from Oct. 1, 2007 to Dec. 31, 2009. Guantan forest station was dominated by the 15-20m high spruce and the surface was covered by 10cm deep moss. All the vegetation was in good condition. Observation items were the multilayer (2m and 10m) wind speed and direction, the air temperature and moisture, rain and snow gauges, snow depth, photosynthetically active radiation, four components of radiation from two layers (, 1.68m and 19.75 m), stem sap flow, the surface temperature, the multi-layer soil temperature (5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm and 120cm),soil moisture (5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm and 120cm) and soil heat flux (5cm & 15cm). As for detailed information, please refer to Meteorological and Hydrological Flux Data Guide.
MA Mingguo, Wang Weizhen, TAN Junlei, HUANG Guanghui, Zhang Zhihui
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