Ochotona curzoniae is a small herbivorous animal peculiar to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which mainly inhabits the open alpine meadow, grassland and desert grassland with an altitude of 2800-5000 meters. In this sub project (2019QZKK05010212), plateau pika, a small constant temperature mammal that is extremely sensitive to environmental changes, is proposed to be selected as the representative to compare the differences in morphology, physiology and life history of pika populations at different altitudes on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and adjacent areas through field surveys. This data set includes individual photos, habitat photos and work photos taken in Qinghai in 2020 and Maduo County, Tibet Autonomous Region in 2021, including more than 10 photos of plateau pika caves and one pika activity video.
ZHANG Xueying
Plateau pika is a key species of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and an indigenous species formed with the uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. During the long-term evolution, it has evolved a unique life history strategy to adapt to the extreme environment of the plateau. This sub project (2019QZKK05010410) investigates the distribution area of plateau pika, analyzes its population fluctuation rule and its influencing factors in the context of global climate change, and discusses the ecological significance of plateau pika in the alpine meadow ecosystem. This data set contains the information table of 213 plateau zokor tissue samples collected in Gonghe County, Guinan County, Hainan Prefecture, and Maqin County, Golog Prefecture, Qinghai Province in 2020, including species, collection place, collection time, collection person, sample type and other information. The information table is named after the sub subject number - year - group and opened in excel
QU Jiapeng
In order to find out the current resource quantity, distribution and utilization status of Tibetan yaks and lay a foundation for the conservation and utilization of the diversity of Tibetan yaks, this sub project (2019QZKK05010705) will investigate the genetic resources of yaks and collect tissue samples in Tibet Autonomous Region from 2021-2022, including Chawula yaks (20), Jiangda yaks (21), Uqi like yaks (65), Pali yaks (20), Sibu yaks (20) Tibetan alpine yaks (20 heads). This data set includes 6 tissue sample information tables, photos and videos. The information table records information such as gender, age, weight, body height, sampling place, etc. The photos include individual appearance photos, habitat photos, and work videos.
XIN Jinwei
In order to complete the investigation of Tibetan sheep resources on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas and master the current situation of Tibetan sheep resources, the investigation of Tibetan sheep germplasm resources will be carried out in Maqu County and Xiahe County of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province in 2020, and 500 blood and tissue samples will be collected. This data set contains a tissue sample information table, including species, species, collection place, collection time, sample type and other information, which is stored in excel format. Take 100 individual photos, 10 habitat photos, 9 work photos and 2 videos. Photos are stored in jpg format and videos are stored in mp4 format. 50000 genotype data are generated for each individual, and the SNP genome typing data of 500 individuals in total are stored in "ped" and "map" formats.
LI Menghua
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of important livestock and poultry germplasm resources in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, clarify their related genetic background, and establish a corresponding genetic resource bank. In 2022, the survey of genetic resources of domestic animals will be carried out in Jiulong County, Hongyuan County and Xiangcheng County of Sichuan Province, and 484 blood and tissue samples of sheep, yaks, goats, dogs, pigs and cattle will be collected, 40 sheep feces samples, 2 RNA samples of Tibetan chickens and 3 RNA samples of Tibetan pigs will be collected. This data set includes 1 sample information table and 685 individual photos, 12 work photos, 5 habitat photos and 12 work videos. The sample information table contains basic sample information such as species, varieties, detailed sampling places, sample types, collection time, collectors, and storage methods, which are stored in excel form. Photos are stored in jpg format and videos are stored in MP4 format.
PENG Minsheng
The original TIFF files of figure 1-100 of the monograph 'The Batrisini of Tibet: unveiling an enigmatic ant-loving beetle diversity at Earth’s “Third Pole” (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)' are uploaded.
YIN Ziwei
This data includes bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence data from 25 lakes in the middle of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The sample was collected from July to August 2015, and the surface water was sampled three times with a 2.5 liter sampler. The samples were immediately taken back to the Ecological Laboratory of the Beijing Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, and the salinity gradient of the salt lake was 0.14~118.07 g/L. This data is the result of amplification sequencing. Concentrate the lake water to 0.22 at 0.6 atm filtration pressure μ The 16S rRNA gene fragment amplification primers were 515F (5 '- GTGCCAAGCCGCGGTAA-3') and 909r (5 '- GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3'). The Illumina MiSeq PE250 sequencer was used for end-to-end sequencing. The original data was analyzed by Mothur software. The sequence was compared with the Silva128 database and divided into operation classification units (OTUs) with 97% homology. This data can be used to analyze the microbial diversity of lakes in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
KONG Weidong
This data includes the distribution data of soil bacteria in Namco region of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which can be used to explore the seasonal impact of fencing and grazing on soil microorganisms in Namco region. The sample was collected from May to September 2015, and the soil samples were stored in ice bags and transported back to the Ecological Laboratory of Beijing Institute of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research; This data is the result of amplification sequencing, using MoBio Powersoil ™ Soil DNA was extracted with DNA isolation kit, and the primers were 515F (5 '- GTGCCAAGCGCCGGTAA-3') and 806R (5'GGACTACNVGGGTWTCTAAT-3 '). The amplified fragments were sequenced by Illumina Miseq PE250. The original data is analyzed by Qiime software, and then the similarity between sequences is calculated, and the sequences with a similarity of more than 97% are clustered into an OTU. The Greengenes reference library is used for sequence alignment to remove the sequence that only appears once in the database. The soil moisture content and soil temperature were measured by a soil hygrometer, and the soil pH was measured by a pH meter (Sartorius PB-10, Germany). The soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3 −) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) concentrations were extracted with 2 M KCl (soil/solution, 1:5), and analyzed with a Smartchem200 discrete automatic analyzer. This data set is of great significance to the study of soil microbial diversity in arid and semi-arid grasslands.
KONG Weidong
Data on soil bacterial diversity of grassland in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The samples were collected from July to August 2017, including 120 samples of alpine meadow, typical grassland and desert grassland. The soil surface samples were collected and stored in ice bags, and then transported back to the ecological laboratory of the Beijing Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute. The soil DNA was extracted by MO BIO PowerSoil DNA kit. The 16S rRNA gene fragment amplification primers were 515F (5 '- GTGCCAAGCCGGTAA-3') and 806R (5 ´ GGACTACNVGGGTWTCTAAT-3 ´). The amplified fragments were sequenced by Illumina Miseq PE250. The original data is analyzed by Qiime software, and the sequence classification is based on the Silva128 database. Sequences with a similarity of more than 97% are clustered into an operation classification unit (OTU). This data systematically compares the bacterial diversity of soil microorganisms in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau transect, which is of great significance to the study of the distribution of microorganisms in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
KONG Weidong
The data set of bacterial post-treatment products and conventional water quality parameters of some lakes in the third pole in 2015 collected the bacterial analysis results and conventional water quality parameters of some lakes in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau during 2015. Through sorting, summarizing and summarizing, the bacterial post-treatment products of some lakes in the third pole in 2015 are obtained. The data format is excel, which is convenient for users to view. The samples were collected by Mr. Ji mukan from July 1 to July 15, 2015, including 28 Lakes (bamuco, baimanamuco, bangoso (Salt Lake), Bangong Cuo, bengcuo, bieruozhao, cuo'e (Shenza), cuo'e (Naqu), dawaco, dangqiong Cuo, dangjayong Cuo, Dongcuo, eyaco, gongzhucuo, guogencuo, jiarehbu Cuo, mabongyong Cuo, Namuco, Nier CuO (Salt Lake), Norma Cuo, Peng yancuo (Salt Lake), Peng Cuo, gun Yong Cuo, Se lincuo, Wu rucuo, Wu Ma Cuo, Zha RI Nan Mu Cuo, Zha Xi CuO), a total of 138 samples. The extraction method of bacterial DNA in lake water is as follows: the lake water is filtered onto a 0.45 membrane, and then DNA is extracted by Mo bio powerOil DNA kit. The 16S rRNA gene fragment amplification primers were 515f (5'-gtgccagcmgcgcggtaa-3') and 909r (5'-ggactachvggtwtctaat-3'). The sequencing method was Illumina miseq PE250. The original data were analyzed by mothur software, including quality filtering and chimera removal. The sequence classification was based on the silva109 database. The archaeal, eukaryotic and unknown source sequences had been removed. OTU classifies with 97% similarity and then removes sequences that appear only once in the database. Conventional water quality detection parameters include dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, redox potential, nonvolatile organic carbon, total nitrogen, etc. The dissolved oxygen is determined by electrode polarography; Conductivity meter is used for conductivity; Salinity is measured by a salinity meter; TDS tester is used for total dissolved solids; ORP online analyzer was used for redox potential; TOC analyzer is used for non-volatile organic carbon; The water quality parameters of total nitrogen were obtained by Spectrophotometry for reference.
YE Aizhong
From October to November 2021, we used camera traps to collect mammal diversity and distributions along the elevational gradients at the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve. We retrived images of 262 camera traps placed between May 2021 and October 2021. We obtained 12391 pictures of wild animals,41 species of large and medium mammals were recorded.. The camera traps were reset in the same locations after renew batteries and memory cards.Camera trap data could inventory endangered species in the region, and provide information to identify biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities.
LI Xueyou
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of important livestock and poultry germplasm resources in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, clarify their related genetic background, and establish a corresponding genetic resource bank. During 2019-2022, 2167, 1056 and 516 tissue samples of local Tibetan sheep and fine wool sheep were collected in Gangca County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, and 2074 and 1548 lambing records were recorded. This data set includes 3 tissue sample information tables and 2 lambing record information tables. The organization sample information table records the variety, collection place, collection time, sample type and other information. The lambing record information table records the variety, detailed sampling place, sex, date of birth, birth weight and other information. The information table is stored in excel form.
ZHAO Kai
In order to complete the investigation of Tibetan sheep resources on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas and master the current situation of Tibetan sheep resources, the investigation of Tibetan sheep germplasm resources will be carried out in Qinghai, Gansu, Qinghai, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Xinjiang and Sichuan from 2021-2022, and 1021 blood and tissue samples will be collected. This data set contains a tissue sample information table, including species, species, collection place, collection time, sample type and other information, which is stored in excel format. 230 individual photos, 61 habitat photos, 22 work photos and 6 videos were taken. Photos are stored in jpg format and videos are stored in mp4 format. 50000 genotype data are generated for each individual, and the SNP genome typing data of 1000 individuals in total are stored in "ped" and "map" formats.
LI Menghua
The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Task V Theme III "Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plateau Microbial Diversity" (2019QZKK0503) carried out more than 30 field scientific expeditions in the first and second years. Footprints cover most of the Tibetan Plateau, including the investigation of glaciers (such as Qiangyong Glacier, Tanggula Glacier, Everest East Rongbu glacier, Jiemayangzong Glacier, Palung 4 Glacier, etc.), lakes, soils, fungi, lichens, animals in Southeast Tibet, Qiangtang Plateau, Cocosili and Himalayan region. The dataset contains 6,471 photos and videos, including habitat photos, working photos, and scientific images collected during the first and second years of fieldwork.
LIU Yongqin
In 2021， the birds along elevation gradients in Gangrigabu Mountains were investigated by point count method. With a 400-meter elevational gradient, elevation zones were set up in the survey area. Five elevation zones were built in the north slope from TongMai Town to Galong Temple in Bome County, and 8 elevation zones were built in the south slope from Jiefang Bridge to Galongla in Medog County. So that we can make clear about the pattern and maintenance mechanism of bird diversity along elevation gradients in this region. The data of bird diversity and distribution will be used to further explore the key scientific issues such as the impact of climate change on bird diversity and adaptation strategies, and the response and protection strategies of bird species diversity under the global climate change.
WANG Jie
The dataset contains microbial amplicon sequencing data from a total of 269 ice samples collected from 15 glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau from November 2016 to August 2020, including 24K Glacier (24K), Dongkemadi Glacier (DKMD), Dunde Glacier (DD), Jiemayangzong Glacier (JMYZ), Kuoqionggangri Glacier (KQGR), Laigu Glacier (LG), Palung 4 Glacier (PL4), Qiangtang 1 Glacier (QT), Qiangyong Glacier (QY), Quma Glacier (QM), Tanggula Glacier (TGL), Xiagangjiang Glacier (XGJ), Yala Glacier (YA), Zepugou Glacier (ZPG), ZhufengDongrongbu Glacier (ZF). The sampling areas ranged in latitude and longitude from 28.020°N to 38.100°N and 86.28°E to 95.651°E. The 16s rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 515F/907R (or 515F/806R) primers and sequenced with the Illumina Hiseq2500 sequencing platform to obtain raw data. The selected primer sequences were "515F_GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA; 907R_CCGTCAATTCMTTTRAGTTT" "515F_GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGG; 806R_ GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT". The uploaded data include: sample number, sample description, sampling time, latitude and longitude coordinates, sample type, sequencing target, sequencing fragment, sequencing primer, sequencing platform, data format and other basic information. The sequencing data are stored in sequence file data format forward *.1.fq.gz and reverse *.2.fq.gz compressed files.
LIU Yongqin
Through the scientific research work in 2019 and 2020, the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Task 5 Theme 3 Topic 4 Lichen Scientific Research Team (2019QZKK050304) has supplemented the collection of a large number of lichen collection gaps in the Tibetan Plateau region. 2019 scientific research conducted in-depth lichen biodiversity examination for the first time in the Ali region in northern Tibet, and in 2020, fieldwork and specimen collection will be conducted in the lichen collection gap areas of Hoh Xil and Sanjiangyuan. These expeditions have unveiled the mystery of lichen composition in the Tibetan Plateau region and filled the gaps in the domestic collection of this region. This dataset contains information on 10,283 lichen specimens collected from July 2019 to September 2020 in Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Sichuan Province, and Yunnan Province, including information on collection habitat, collection time, collector, latitude and longitude, altitude, and Latin scientific name. Contains 4,328 specimen photos, including lichen specimen No. 815 in 2019 with 2,425 photos and specimen No. 543 in 2020 with 1,903 photos. The physical specimens are stored in the Herbarium, Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS (KUN). Specimen collection information and field ecological photographs are synchronized between various databases, including the Biotracks database and the KUN herbarium database, to facilitate later research, collation and query by relevant personnel. The specimens are now sorted by time, region and genus name and stored separately in the KUN herbarium to facilitate subsequent studies, and the corresponding molecular materials are preserved or molecular sequences are obtained, laying a good material basis for subsequent taxonomic and systematics studies of the specimens. DNA extraction and systematic taxonomic studies of various groups are also being carried out.
WANG Xinyu
In order to study the population evolution history and local adaptive genetic mechanism of the main domesticated equine animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, and to establish the corresponding germplasm genetic resource bank. We sequenced the equine samples collected in Qinghai Province, Tibet Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Autonomous Region from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas, including Tibetan donkey, plain donkey and other breeds. Sequencing includes denove and resequencing data, which provides data for tracing the historical events of domestication, migration, expansion and other groups of the main equine domesticated animals in the region, and further exploring the adaptation mechanism of equine animals to the harsh environment such as hypoxia, cold, and dryness. At the same time, all tissues of domestic donkeys were sequenced, including hifi genome data and HIC genome data, to prepare for the assembly of complete donkey genome and facilitate subsequent analysis.
LI Yan
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of important rodents in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, clarify their related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource bank. In 2021, this sub project (2019QZKK05010410) focused on the investigation of plateau pika in Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Golog Prefecture and Hainan prefecture, Qinghai. A total of 200 plateau pika samples were collected, and the solid samples were spleen and lung tissues. This data set contains a sample information table and habitat photos, work photos and work videos. The sample information table contains basic sample information such as species, gender, detailed sampling place, altitude, sample type, collection time, collector and storage method, which are stored in the form of Excel.
QU Jiapeng
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of pika germplasm resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, clarify its related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource bank. In 2021, this sub project (2019QZKK05010209) focused on Qinghai Province (Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Golmud City, Kunlun mountain pass; Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Dulan County, Xiangride Town, Gouli township; Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Maduo County; Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Maqin County, Dawu town; Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Zeku County; Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Guinan County, Taxiu township) 93 plateau pika germplasm resources were collected at different altitudes, and the solid samples included blood or tissue, feces and so on. This data set contains 1 sample information table. The sample information table contains basic sample information such as species, variety, detailed sampling place, sample type, collection time, collector and storage method, which is stored in the form of Excel.
ZHANG Liangzhi
In order to integrate the pan third pole domestic chicken data, build the "global domestic chicken genome database (chicken2k)", provide basic data for the international research on the origin, domestication and selection of domestic chickens, and provide scientific guidance for the breeding and improvement of new domestic chicken varieties. In 2022, this sub project cooperated with the Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Chinese Academy of Sciences, to apply for the use of genetic samples of domestic animals in Southeast Asia collected and preserved in recent years, and select representative individuals to carry out genetic diversity assessment. This data set contains 224 blood and tissue samples of domestic chickens and Hongyuan chickens from Southeast Asian countries (Laos, Thailand, Myanmar and Vietnam) collected by the Animal Germplasm Resource Bank. This data set contains basic sample information such as sample species, variety, detailed sampling place, sample type, collection time, collector and storage method, which are stored in Excel form.
PENG Minsheng
Biodiversity is the sum of the ecological complex formed by organisms and their environment and various ecological processes related to it. It is expressed at all organizational levels of the life system, including genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. The higher the habitat quality, the better the biological habitat environment and the higher the biodiversity. In some studies, the habitat quality index was used to characterize biodiversity (Xiao Qiang et al. 2014). Habitat quality index (HQ) is a dimensionless comprehensive index to evaluate the habitat suitability and habitat degradation degree of regional land use types. Cultivated land, roads, towns and rivers are used as habitat stress factors to form sensitivity parameters. For the production of biodiversity products, the biodiversity modeling of ecosystem in national barrier area is studied based on land use data and invest model. Invest model has the advantages of less input data, large output data and quantitative analysis of abstract ecosystem service functions. It is an important means of biodiversity assessment at present. Based on the actual situation of land use in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, five land use types with great impact of human activities, paddy field, dry land, urban land, rural residential area and other construction land, are selected as threat factors. Taking the land use data as the input variable of the invest model, the land biodiversity of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau with a resolution of 1 km from 2000 to 2020 is estimated based on the parametric model.
WANG Xiaofeng
We investigated and collected the germplasm resources of cyanine in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, carried out homogenous garden experiments to obtain phenotypic data, used genome sequencing technology to obtain data libraries and construct high-quality reference genomes. Using the re sequencing technology to analyze the structure of the cyanine population, combined with the early human migration and diffusion routes, this paper explores the historical process of the formation of the modern geographical distribution pattern of the cyanine on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. By correlation analysis with phenotypic data, the adaptive mechanism of modern populations of cyanine was analyzed. Understand the environmental differences of the pan third pole and the impact of human activities and cultural differences in different regions on the migration, adaptation and domestication of plants on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from the whole genome level.
DUAN Yuanwen
We investigated and collected the germplasm resources of cyanine in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, carried out homogenous garden experiments to obtain phenotypic data, used genome sequencing technology to obtain data libraries and construct high-quality reference genomes. Using the re sequencing technology to analyze the structure of the cyanine population, combined with the early human migration and diffusion routes, this paper explores the historical process of the formation of the modern geographical distribution pattern of the cyanine on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. By correlation analysis with phenotypic data, the adaptive mechanism of modern populations of cyanine was analyzed. Understand the environmental differences of the pan third pole and the impact of human activities and cultural differences in different regions on the migration, adaptation and domestication of plants on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from the whole genome level.
DUAN Yuanwen
We investigated and collected the germplasm resources of cyanine in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, carried out homogenous garden experiments to obtain phenotypic data, used genome sequencing technology to obtain data libraries and construct high-quality reference genomes. Using the re sequencing technology to analyze the structure of the cyanine population, combined with the early human migration and diffusion routes, this paper explores the historical process of the formation of the modern geographical distribution pattern of the cyanine on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. By correlation analysis with phenotypic data, the adaptive mechanism of modern populations of cyanine was analyzed. Understand the environmental differences of the pan third pole and the impact of human activities and cultural differences in different regions on the migration, adaptation and domestication of plants on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from the whole genome level.
DUAN Yuanwen
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas (Pan third pole area), and clarify its related genetic background. In 2020, we extracted the total DNA from 266 global chicken blood, tissue and other DNA tissue samples, built a database and sequenced the whole genome. At the same time, we downloaded the published chicken genome data, and carried out population analysis of 863 chicken genomes, so as to provide basic data for exploring the historical events of domestication, migration and expansion of domestic chickens in the pan third pole region, and further explore the adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals to harsh environments such as drying. Articles related to this data set have been published. All data in this data set can be downloaded online from fastq, BAM, VCF and SNP files.
PENG Minsheng
Naked barley, called highland barley in Tibet, is the main crop of the Tibetan plateau and the main food of the Tibetan people. It has a long planting history, the largest planting area, the widest distribution and the highest planting ceiling. As for the autonomous region, the annual sown area and total grain output account for more than half of the total sown area and total grain output. In river valleys below 4,200 meters, they account for 30-50% of the area sown to local crops. In the alpine farming area of 4,200-4,500 meters above sea level, it accounts for 70-90% of the planting area of local crops. Naked barley is almost the only crop at agricultural sites above 4,500 meters. Tibetan bare barley has strong cold and drought resistance and ADAPTS to the plateau climate conditions. It is distributed in the vast agricultural areas and farming-pastoral interlacing areas from more than 1,000 meters to 4,500 meters above sea level. At present, the upper limit of planting reaches 4750 meters, which is the highest limit of crop distribution in Tibet. In 1974, a comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau entered Tibet from Sichuan province and carried out investigations along the route. During a survey of wild barley in Jitang district, Chaya County, Qamdo region, Tibetan members provided information about semi-wild wheat, which is similar to wheat in morphology but has broken cob at maturity, and is generally mixed with highland barley and wheat fields as a field weed. Plant specimens and seeds were collected. When the expedition team arrived at the Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology of Tibet Autonomous Region, they learned that comrades Cheng Tianqing and Dong Yuao had collected a kind of wheat with broken cob at maturity in SAN 'an Qu Lin, Longzi County, Shannan Prefecture in 1962, which belonged to the same type as the materials we had collected in other areas of Tibet. Later, in the Xigaze regional agricultural research institute, Comrade Tan Changhua said that he had also seen this kind of wheat when the cob broke at maturity in Renbu County. In addition to the above areas, this wild wheat was also found near Jiacha county, Gongga County and Longzi County in Shannan during this year's investigation. Currently known distribution areas include lancang River basin, Yarlung Zangbo River basin and Longzi River basin.
LU Jimei
Agriculture in Tibet is concentrated in the valleys of the Yarlung Zangbo River in south Tibet and the Nu, Lancang and Jinsha Rivers in east Tibet. The agricultural area of the valley accounts for 75 percent of the total cultivated land area of the autonomous region, and the grain output accounts for more than 80 percent of the total grain output of the autonomous region. Wheat and naked barley (known as highland barley in Tibet) are the main grain crops in The Tibet Autonomous Region, with the perennial sown area accounting for more than 80% of the total sown area, while the wheat and naked barley in the valley agricultural areas account for 75% of the sown area and 82% of the total yield of the region. The agricultural area of the valley is located between 28 ° and 31° north latitude, 2700 -- 4100 meters above sea level. It belongs to the temperate climate of the plateau, with better soil and water conservancy conditions and higher crop yield. But before liberation, under the dark feudal serfdom, the people lived in extreme poverty, and agricultural production was very backward, with the yield of grain per mu only over 100 jin. After liberation, especially since 1972, winter wheat was widely promoted in the agricultural areas of the valley, which promoted the reform of the farming system and significantly increased grain output. In 1975, the total grain output of the region increased by more than 50 percent compared with 1965, and by more than 1.5 times that of 1958 before the democratic reform. In 1977, the area sown with winter wheat was nearly 700,000 mu, accounting for about 20 percent of the grain sown area. The planting area of winter wheat has expanded from areas with an altitude of less than 3,000 meters to areas with an altitude of less than 4,100 meters, and the Tibetan Plateau has developed from a historical area of spring wheat into an area where both spring and winter wheat are grown. In 1977, the average yield of winter wheat per mu in the agricultural areas of the valley exceeded 400 jin, and that of bare barley and spring wheat also reached 300 jin per mu.
LU Jimei
Certain hydrothermal conditions and soil conditions are the basis of crop growth. The Tibetan Plateau covers a vast area, and the changes of altitude and surface form in different areas are extremely complex. Plateau climate and soil have obvious spatial changes, so the distribution of cultivated land and crops has a large regional. There are two groups of high mountain ranges running east-west and north-south in Tibet, forming the basic framework of the plateau. The vast plateau is distributed between the mountains, and there are many low mountains, hills, lake basins and valley inlaid in the meantime, the overall terrain of the whole region gradually picked up from the southeast to the northwest, the southeast is lower, the west, the north is higher. The majestic Himalayas stand on the southern and western borders of China and India, China and Nepal, China and Tin, China and Bhutan, and China and Pakistan. With a total length of 2,400 kilometers and a mountain width of 200-300 kilometers, and an average elevation of more than 6,000 meters, they constitute a natural barrier to the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The warm and wet airflow in the Bay of Bengal is blocked by mountains. The climate on the southern slope of the Himalayas is warm and humid, while that on the northern foothills of the Himalayas is warm and cool and dry, forming two different climate regions on the southern and northern slopes. The south side of the Himalayas mountain rivers deep, mountain canyon landform. The valley is more than 3000 meters above sea level, and the climate is warm and humid. The soil types are rich, mainly including mountain yellow soil, mountain brown soil, mountain brown soil and mountain meadow soil, etc. The soil is acidic to neutral, and contains rich humus, high nitrogen content, coarse texture and good permeability. Abundant surface runoff, irrigation conditions are better. However, due to terrain limitations, most of the land cannot be used because the slope is greater than 25 degrees, and most of the land is covered by forests. Arable land is mainly distributed in the valley below 4000 meters, the area is very limited.
LU Jimei
In order to systematically investigate insect species in and around Motuo, Tibet and analyze the distribution pattern of insect diversity, this sub project (2019qzkk05010606) collects representative insect groups such as Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera by using trap method, net scanning method, lamp trap method and Malay's net method in and around Motuo, Tibet, and records the information of insect specimens, Take pictures and videos of insects. This data set contains the information of 11272 insect specimens collected in Motuo County, Bomi County, Chayu County, Nyingchi city and Milin County of Tibet from July 2019 to September 2020. It includes information such as collection place, collection time, longitude and latitude, altitude and taxonomic name. The solid specimens are kept in the National Animal Museum.
LIANG Hongbin
People in the plain often have altitude reaction after entering Tibet. In order to deeply analyze the change pattern of genomic expression profile in the process of altitude response and altitude acclimation. Based on the mRNA transcriptome sequencing method, we have obtained the transcriptome sequencing data of 46 individuals before entering Tibet (collection place: Chongqing). We first collected the peripheral blood samples of 46 plain Han individuals, treated the peripheral blood with red blood cell lysate (Tiangen), centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min, separated and extracted white blood cells, and extracted the total RNA of each sample by Trizol method. Then 46 libraries were constructed by poly (a) capture method. Poly (a) + mRNA library was isolated from 1 g total RNA of each sample with oligo (DT) beads. The construction of RNA SEQ library was carried out according to the preparation scheme of truseq RNA library. The 46 RNA libraries were double ended sequenced using novaseq platform. The sequencing results were 150 BP reads fastq files, and the data volume of each sample exceeded 6.0 GBP. The transcriptome data of plain people before entering Tibet can be used as the baseline data after entering Tibet. By comparing and analyzing the transcriptome data of plain people before and after entering Tibet, screening the significantly differentially expressed genes before and after entering Tibet, and annotating the biological functions of differentially expressed genes, we can deeply analyze the gene expression change mode and function regulation network mechanism in the process of altitude reaction and altitude acclimatization.
KONG Qingpeng
Information of animal samples, tissue samples, DNA bar code samples and other physical samples collected in the second year (from the end of 2020 to 2021) of the fifth topic of the second comprehensive scientific investigation and research task of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau - "conservation and sustainable utilization of animal diversity on the plateau" (2019QZKK0501). All data shall be sorted according to the subject and sub subject, and the folder shall be named according to the subject number and sub subject number. Each sample table contains one or more sample information tables. Each information table contains sub topic number, species, collection place, collection time, collector, sample type, storage method and other information.
ANIMAL RESOURCE PLATFORM OF QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU Animal Resource Platform of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
The "mammal species and distribution database of Southwest Alpine Canyon" includes the list of mammals in Hengduan Mountain area, species protection information and domestic distribution information. The list includes family names, genus names and species names; The protection information includes the national key protected wildlife level (2021), cites appendix (2019), IUCN Red List (2021) and Chinese species red list (2021); The distribution information includes whether it is endemic to China and the provinces and regions where the species are distributed in China. The data comes from the specimens collected by Kunming Institute of zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the specimens collected during the project implementation period, infrared camera photos, documents, etc. The data quality is reliable. The database can provide basic data support for the research and protection of mammals in the high mountains and valleys of Southwest China.
LI Quan
This database is the list of amphibian and reptile species and their distribution data in the southwest Alpine Canyon, including 9544 distribution records of nearly 300 amphibian and reptile species in this region. The species distribution information in this database is mainly obtained from the first-hand data in the field and famous animal websites at home and abroad, such as species 2000. This data mainly involves species names, orders, families and genera, provinces, cities and counties, small place names, longitude and latitude, altitude and other information of amphibians and reptiles in this region. This data can be used to explore the fauna and division of amphibians and reptiles in the mountains and valleys of Southwest China, and also lay a solid foundation for the study of amphibian and Reptile Diversity and ecosystem in Southwest China and even Southeast Asia.
JIANG Jianping
The southwest Alpine Canyon Region is one of the biodiversity hot spots in the world. The establishment of bio climate geographic database is the premise to study the distribution pattern and formation causes of biodiversity in this region. Based on the distribution information of more than 7000 species of plants in the region provided by the project team, combined with climate data (from NCEP # reanalysis # products, https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.surface.html , average value from 1950 to 2020), and establish a comprehensive database of biodiversity and ecological environment in southwest Alpine canyon area. Biological data includes names of animal and plant families, genera and species, longitude and latitude information of the collection place, etc., geographic data includes altitude and slope, and climate data includes 24 indicators including rainfall and temperature. This database provides support for studying the distribution law, current situation, formation mechanism and conservation network planning of biodiversity in this region.
HE Hongming , ZHAO Hongfei , HUANG Xianhan
Investigate the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the tributaries of the Nianchu River, duoxiong Zangbo and Laiwu Zangbo, involving Nanmulin, gyangzi, Yadong, Jilong, Saga, Zhongba and other counties in Xigaze City, Tibet. New human activity relic sites were found in the blank areas of human activities in the past, such as cuochulong lake, Duoqing lake, Zhongzhu Valley, luolonggou and so on. Important stone evidence of human activities was collected in more than 30 sites, including obsidian, Jasper rock, crystal and so on. In the follow-up, the process and source of these stone tools will be further analyzed through typology, which is of great significance to reveal the temporal and spatial changes of prehistoric human activity history in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the exchange of culture and technology with the surrounding areas.
YANG Xiaoyan, GAO Yu
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify their related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource bank. In 2021, we collected a total of 267 samples of blood, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle, fat, large intestine, small intestine, stomach and testis of large forehead cattle (Dulong cattle) in Yunnan Province. This data set contains basic sample information such as sample species, species, detailed sampling place, gender, sample type, collection time, collector and storage method, as well as individual photos. The solid samples are stored in the wildlife germplasm resource bank and Animal Germplasm Resource Bank in Southwest China.
LI Yan
1) Data content: changes in genetic diversity of 10 amphibians and reptiles on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the face of future climate change. 2) Data source and processing method: Based on the bar code data of 10 amphibians and reptiles on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, combined with SDM, MPTP approach and other software, the genetic diversity and distribution in 2050, 2070 and 2090 in the future are constructed. 3) Data quality description: the data quality is verified, and the data analysis personnel are strictly trained in the laboratory. 4) Results and prospects of data application: it is found that amphibians and reptiles distributed in the north of Qinghai Tibet Plateau need more attention in protection.
SHEN Wenjing
Based on the distribution locations of the Qinghai toad-headed lizard (Phrynocephalus vlangalii) collected by field investigation and literature investigation, combined with five climate factors from WorldClim database, the current (1960-1990) and future (2061-2080) climate data were input into the trained species distribution model to predict the current and future suitable habitats. The prediction results shows that the lizard will lose a lot of original habitats under the climate change, and the protection measures for the lizard species should focus on the eastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the northern and eastern parts of Qaidam Basin. The model also predicts that after the climate change, new suitable habitats will appear in areas that were not suitable for the Qinghai toad-headed lizard. However, due to the very limited diffusion ability of reptiles (the maximum annual diffusion distance recorded in the literature is less than 500m), the newly emerging suitable habitats may not be used by the Qinghai toad-headed lizard. Meanwhile, based on the physiological, life history, behavior and morphological data of three altitudinal populations of the Qinghai toad-headed lizard collected by field work, and combined with microclimate data, the physiological consequences of climate change on the Qinghai toad-headed lizard in the current suitable distribution area were predicted by using the mechanism niche model. The prediction results of the model show that, whether in the SSP245 or SSP585 climate change scenarios, the activity time of the lizard will increase in most areas (> 93%) of the current suitable distribution area, and the thermal safety threshold will decrease in all places of the current suitable distribution area. The increase of activity time of high-altitude populations is less than that of low-altitude populations, but the decrease of thermal safety threshold is greater than that of low-altitude populations. The results reveal that climate change may have a greater impact on lizard populations in high altitude areas.
ZENG Zhigao
1) Data content: species list and distribution data of sand lizard and hemp lizard in the Qaidam Basin, including class, order, family Chinese name, family Latin name, genus Chinese name, genus Latin name, species Latin name, species Chinese name, country, province, city, county, town and township, etc; 2) Data source and processing method: Based on the field investigation of amphibians and reptiles in the arid desert area of the Qaidam Basin from 2007 to 2021, the species composition and distribution range of toad-headed agamas and racerunners in this area are recorded; 3) Data quality description: the investigation, collection and identification personnel of samples are professionals. The collection information of samples is checked to ensure the quality of distribution data; 4) Data application achievements and prospects: comprehensive analysis of species diversity and distribution data of toad-headed agamas and racerunners in the Qaidam Basin can provide important data for biodiversity cataloguing in northwest desert region and arid Central Asia, and provide scientific basis for assessing biodiversity situation and formulating conservation strategies.
GUO Xianguang
1) Data content: comparative analysis results of species diversity of Pan third polar amphipods centered on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in 2021; 2) Data sources and processing methods: Based on 567 genetic data from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by beast software; Based on 3180 distribution data of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, including longitude, latitude and altitude, the predicted distribution maps of LGM, mid hologene, present and future periods are constructed by using ArcView and MaxEnt software; 3) Data quality description: sample collection and longitude, latitude and altitude information are checked to ensure the quality of distribution data. Analysts have been strictly trained in the laboratory; 4) Results and prospects of data application: it is found that the pan third pole with the Qinghai Tibet Plateau as the core includes rich species diversity of amphipods, but most species have not been officially described and published, which needs to be carried out in the next step. The study provides a scientific basis for biodiversity assessment and ecological protection in Tibet.
HOU Zhonge
The Hindu Kush mountains are tall mountains in Central Asia. The average altitude is about 5000 meters, and the highest peak, tiriqmir peak, is 7690 meters above sea level. It is the watershed between the Indus River in the southwest of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the Amu Darya River in the Pamir Plateau. Studying the genetic structure of the population in this area will help to deeply understand the diffusion history of the population and the genetic basis of adapting to the plateau environment. Studying the genetic structure of the population in this area will help to deeply understand the diffusion history of the population and the genetic basis of adapting to the plateau environment. In this study, we studied the maternal genetic structure of 213 individuals from 5 populations distributed in Xingdu Kush mountains. The mitochondrial genome sequences of 213 individuals (average depth > 1000x) were obtained by mitochondrial genome capture library construction and second-generation sequencing (Illumina hiseq x ten platform). Based on the idea of phylogeny, we control the quality of these data to ensure that there are no quality problems such as sample pollution. The modified Cambridge standard sequence was used as a reference for the output of mutation sites. According to the mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic tree (phylotree. ORG) of people around the world, each sample was divided into haplotype groups. Based on the mtDNA data of modern population and ancient samples published in the past, the origin and diffusion history of population in this area were systematically studied. The results show that the main maternal genetic components of Indo European populations in this region come from western Eurasia. Haplotypes w3a1a and j1b1a1 may be related to the migration of Indo European language groups, indicating that the diffusion of Indo European language groups to South Asia may not only be a simple cultural expansion, but also accompanied by the migration of some people. In addition, the study also shows that northern Pakistan may play an important channel role in the diffusion of Indo European languages to South Asia.
KONG Qingpeng
This data set includes three land vertebrate infrared cameras and environmental parameter data sets deployed in Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park. The equipment is deployed at two locations in the National Park, with a time span (2020.8-2021.6). Due to equipment maintenance and insufficient illumination, some data are discontinuous, but the data of the three equipment can complement each other and reconstruct all the information of the observation points in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park from August 2020 to June 2021. Two of the three devices are equipped with infrared cameras, which collect 216 photos and 1239 photos respectively, which can match with the above sensor photos or the ecological factor information before and after taking photos. 1. Wild animals, temperature, humidity, light, pressure and network signal strength information in the forest area of tiger and leopard National Park. The acquisition interval is once every half an hour 2. Data source: "development of terrestrial vertebrate monitoring equipment", 2016yfc0500104, completed by: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, raw data, unprocessed 3. The sensor data acquisition interval is every half an hour. The temperature accuracy is plus or minus 0.1 degrees and the humidity accuracy is plus or minus 0.5%. The photo data is divided into trigger and timing. The trigger data is generally triggered by wild animals in the field of vision of the infrared camera; the timing photo data is dynamically adjusted according to the battery power, and the acquisition interval is between 1-12 hours. 4. This data can be used to record the ambient temperature in the reserve. Combined with the infrared camera data, it can be used to analyze the activity rhythm of wild animals, coexistence analysis and distribution limiting factors.
QIAO Huijie
This data set includes two infrared cameras and environmental parameter data sets of three terrestrial vertebrates deployed in Qilian Mountain reserve. The equipment is deployed near Sidalong in Qilian Mountain reserve, with a time span of (2020.8-2021.10). Due to equipment maintenance and insufficient illumination, some data are discontinuous, but the data of the two equipment can complement each other and reconstruct all the information of observation points in Qilian Mountain reserve from August 2020 to October 2021. One of the two devices is equipped with an infrared camera, which collects 4994 photos, which can be matched with the above sensor photos, or the ecological factor information before and after taking photos. 1. Wild animals and temperature, humidity, light, pressure and network signal strength information in Qilian Mountain reserve. The acquisition interval is once every half an hour 2. Data source: "development of terrestrial vertebrate monitoring equipment", 2016yfc0500104, completed by: Institute of zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, raw data, unprocessed 3. The sensor data acquisition interval is every half an hour. The temperature accuracy is plus or minus 0.1 degrees and the humidity accuracy is plus or minus 0.5%. The photo data is divided into trigger and timing. The trigger data is generally triggered by wild animals in the field of vision of the infrared camera; the timing photo data is dynamically adjusted according to the battery power, and the acquisition interval is between 1-12 hours. 4. This data can be used to record the ambient temperature in the reserve. Combined with the infrared camera data, it can be used to analyze the activity rhythm of wild animals, coexistence analysis and distribution limiting factors.
QIAO Huijie
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify their related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource bank. In May 2021, sub project 3 carried out the investigation and collection of genetic resources of domestic animals in Jingyuan County, Baiyin City, Gansu Province. A total of 156 local Tan sheep ear tissues, 44 goat ear tissues and 25 Tibetan sheep ear tissues were collected, totaling 225. At the same time, the individual's body length, height, weight, date of birth, collection date, age, gender and other information were recorded, individual photos were taken, and the feeding methods, feeding food and other information were obtained by questionnaire survey.
TIAN Fei
The ecological resource consumption data set of Tibet includes the ecological resource consumption data of 2000-2019 at the provincial, city and county levels. According to the actual situation of Tibet, ecological resource consumption mainly refers to the amount of ecological resources consumed in agricultural and animal husbandry production activities. The calculation of ecological resource consumption is based on grain production data, livestock stock data and livestock product production data, combined with the evaluation method of human appropriation the net primary productivity (HANPP), convert biomass data into carbon content data, and then calculate the ecological resource consumption. Ecological resource consumption data is the basic data for the study of ecological pressure and ecological carrying capacity, which can directly reveal the pressure of human agricultural and animal husbandry production activities on the ecosystem.
YAN Huiming
In order to collect the special germplasm resources of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and excavate the molecular markers affecting the special germplasm resources, individual sheep with excellent ectopic spots were selected for marker assisted selection, propagation and generation breeding according to the genetic marker information, so as to cultivate the families of special germplasm resources. In 2021, this sub project (2019QZKK05010704) widely collected samples of Qinghai Tibetan sheep and Qinghai fine wool sheep in Haibei, Qinghai, and continued to establish and expand the first and second core groups in Ledu agricultural experimental station and Qinghai Sanjiaocheng sheep breeding farm. This data set contains the basic information of 1050 tissue samples, including variety, collection place, collection time, gender, tissue type, preservation method, etc.
ZHAO Kai
In order to analyze the genomic characteristics, domestication, population history, genetic diversity and population differentiation characteristics of large forehead cattle, as well as the genetic basis of excellent meat economic traits of large forehead cattle, this sub project (2019QZKK05010703) investigated the genetic resources of Dulong cattle and Gaofeng cattle in Kunming and Wenshan Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province in 2021, and collected tissue samples of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney. Provide scientific theoretical reference for the protection, development and utilization of large cattle germplasm resources, and promote the development of high-end beef cattle industry in China. This data set contains individual photos and tissue sample information table, which records basic information such as variety, collection place, collection time, sample type, sampling position and so on.
LI Yan
In order to master the species composition, floristic characteristics and host information of plateau agricultural and animal husbandry elephants and related natural enemy insects such as Coleoptera, Neuroptera and Diptera, establish a DNA bar code rapid identification system of plateau agricultural and animal husbandry natural enemy insects, evaluate the current situation of natural enemy resources, and put forward suggestions for the sustainable utilization of natural enemy insects. The sub project 2019qzkk05010606 carried out the investigation of natural enemy insect resources in key agricultural and pastoral areas, bulk crop related elephants, Coleoptera, Neuroptera and Diptera on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the construction of natural enemy insect species diversity database, and the evaluation of the current situation and sustainable utilization of natural enemy resources. During 2020, the Tibet Autonomous Region, the farming pastoral ecotone, the Farming Forestry ecotone, and the hinterland of farming and pastoral areas in Yunnan Province will carry out the investigation of key groups of natural enemy insects such as Coleoptera, Neuroptera and Diptera, collect samples, biological information and ecological environment information, systematically sort out the samples of natural enemy insects according to the standards and norms, and effectively preserve them, Carry out species morphological identification and obtain DNA bar code information, integrate species geographical distribution, host information, ecological pictures and other information, and build a natural enemy species diversity information database; Evaluate the current situation of natural enemy resources and put forward suggestions for sustainable utilization.
LIU Ning
In order to master the species composition, floristic characteristics and host information of plateau agricultural and animal husbandry elephants and related natural enemy insects such as Coleoptera, Neuroptera and Diptera, establish a DNA bar code rapid identification system of plateau agricultural and animal husbandry natural enemy insects, evaluate the current situation of natural enemy resources, and put forward suggestions for the sustainable utilization of natural enemy insects. The sub project 2019qzkk05010601 carried out the investigation of natural enemy insect resources in key agricultural and pastoral areas, bulk crop related elephants, Coleoptera, Neuroptera and Diptera on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the construction of natural enemy insect species diversity database, and the evaluation of the current situation and sustainable utilization of natural enemy resources. During 2020, the Tibet Autonomous Region, the farming pastoral ecotone, the Farming Forestry ecotone, and the hinterland of farming and pastoral areas in Yunnan Province will carry out the investigation of key groups of natural enemy insects such as Coleoptera, Neuroptera and Diptera, collect samples, biological information and ecological environment information, systematically sort out the samples of natural enemy insects according to the standards and norms, and effectively preserve them, Carry out species morphological identification and obtain DNA bar code information, integrate species geographical distribution, host information, ecological pictures and other information, and build a natural enemy species diversity information database; Evaluate the current situation of natural enemy resources and put forward suggestions for sustainable utilization.
QIAO Gexia
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