Forest carbon density is an important parameter for quantifying regional carbon storage and its change. However, the existing research has the problem of coarse resolution and large uncertainty. Therefore, based on the ground survey data, combined with spaceborne laser radar (GEDI) and Landsat images, the study used depth learning to automatically mine multi-dimensional image features, and mapped the forest aboveground carbon density in Northeast China with a 30 meter spatial resolution. The results are in good agreement with the field measured data (R2=0.84 RMSE=6.28). The results provided by the study will provide benchmark data for regional carbon dynamic monitoring. Carbon density data unit MgC ha-1
WANG Xiaoyi , WANG Tao, LV Guanting
Forest is an important terrestrial ecosystem, accounting for about one-third of the total land area. It plays an important role in regulating climate, providing habitat for species, and maintaining global ecosystem balance. The dynamic change of the tree-canopy cover will affect the structure, composition, and function of the forest ecosystem. Landsat data were used to derive the 30-m tree-canopy cover dataset based on the machine learning method. The dataset of the rate of tree-canopy cover change in the Eastern Himalayas from 1990 to 2020 was generated using the annual tree-canopy cover data. The results show that the average tree-canopy cover in this region had increased from 40.67% (1990) to 43.43% (2020), an increase of 2.76%, indicating that the forests in the Eastern Himalayas improved in the past few decades.
WANG Chunling , WANG Jianbang , HE Zhuoyu , FENG Min
Forest change (including forest loss and gain) is a complex ecological process influenced by natural and human activities, and has important impacts on global material cycles and energy flows. Based on long-term tree-canopy cover (TCC) data, the Bi-temporal class-probabilities model was used to detect forest changes, and a dataset of forest change of the Natural Forest Conversion Program area in northeast China from 1986 to 2018 was obtained (spatial resolution 30 meters with a temporal resolution of 1 year). The method of stratified random sampling was used to select 1000 points in the reserve and visual interpretation was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of forest change. The results show that the accuracy of forest loss (producer's accuracy = 85.21%; user's accuracy = 84.26%) and forest restoration (producer's accuracy = 87.74%; user's accuracy = 88.31%) are both high, which can effectively reflect the forest change status of the protected area.
WANG Jianbang , HE Zhuoyu , WANG Chunling , FENG Min, PANG Yong, YU Tao , LI Xin
Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and potassium are important basic life elements of ecosystem. It plays an important role in revealing the impact of its regional variation and spatial pattern on human activities and the sustainable development of ecosystem in the future. The Qinghai Tibet Plateau has unique alpine vegetation types and rich vertical zone landforms and surface cover types. The biogeographic pattern of surface elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium) is an important manifestation of the coupling of carbon, nitrogen and water cycle processes and related mechanisms of alpine ecosystems. This dataset focuses on the distribution pattern and spatial variation of surface materials (plant leaf branch stem root and litter) in the complex ecosystem of the southeast edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Hengduan Mountain area, in order to provide data support for regional model simulation and ecological management.
LI Mingxu
Climatic warming alters the onset, duration and cessation of the vegetative season. While prior studies have shown a tight link between thermal conditions and leaf phenology, less is known about the impacts of phenological changes on tree growth. Here, we assessed the relationships between the start of the thermal growing season (TSOS) and tree growth across the extratropical Northern Hemisphere using 3451 tree-ring chronologies and daily climatic data for 1948-2014. An earlier TSOS promoted growth in regions with high ratios of precipitation to temperature but limited growth in cold dry regions. Path analyses indicated that an earlier TSOS enhanced growth primarily by alleviating thermal limitations on wood formation in boreal forests and by lengthening the period of growth in temperate and Mediterranean forests. Semi-arid and dry subalpine forests, however, did not benefit from an earlier onset of growth and a longer growing season, presumably due to associated water loss and/or more frequent early spring frosts. These broadly relevant patterns of how climatic impacts on wood phenology affect tree growth at regional to hemispheric scales, enhance our understanding of how future phenological changes may affect the carbon sequestration capacity of extra-tropical forest ecosystems.
LIANG Eryuan, GAO Shan
As one of the largest land mammals, the origin and evolution of the giant rhino Paraceratherium bugtiense in Pakistan have been unclear. We report a new species Paraceratherium linxiaense sp. nov. from northwestern China with an age of 26.5 Ma. Morphology and phylogeny reveal that P. linxiaense is the highly derived species of the genus Paraceratherium, and its clade with P. lepidum has a tight relationship to P. bugtiense. Based on the paleogeographical literature, P. bugtiense represents a range expansion of Paraceratherium from Central Asia via the Tibetan region. By the late Oligocene, P. lepidum and P. linxiaense were found in the north side of the Tibetan Plateau. The Tibetan region likely hosted some areas with low elevation, possibly under 2000 m during Oligocene, and the lineage of giant rhinos could have dispersed freely along the eastern coast of the Tethys Ocean and perhaps through some lowlands of this region.
DENG Tao
Agkistrodon halys is the most widely distributed small poisonous snake in Asia and the largest number in China. The Asian Agkistrodon (Gloydius) belongs to Viper family and Agkistrodon subfamily. It has more than 20 species and is mainly distributed on the edge of Asia and Europe. In this study, two unknown new species of plateau Agkistrodon halys were found and described: Gloydius swild from Heishui County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan and Gloydius lipipengi from the Nujiang River Basin in Chayu, Tibet. The data are the original paper (PDF version) of the new species of Agkistrodon acutus and Agkistrodon glacialis, including three-dimensional bone reconstruction map, specimen map, habitat map and other original data. The data source is shooting or drawing. The data includes original pictures with high definition. It can be used for further citation and scientific communication.
SHI Jingsong
This data set includes the PM2.5 mass concentration of atmospheric aerosol particles at Southeast Tibet station, Ali station, mostag station, Everest station and Namuco station (unit: mm) μ g/m3）。 Aerosol PM2.5 fine particles refer to particles with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in the ambient air. It can be suspended in the air for a long time, which has an important impact on air quality and visibility. The higher its concentration in the air, the more serious the air pollution. The concentration characteristic data of PM2.5 is output at the frequency of obtaining a set of data every 5 minutes, which can realize the analysis of aerosol mass concentration at different time scales such as hour, day and night, season and interannual, which provides the analysis of changes and influencing factors of aerosol mass concentration at different locations in the Qinghai Tibet plateau at different time scales, as well as the evaluation of local air quality, It provides important data support. This data is an update of the published data set of PM2.5 concentration of aerosol particles at different stations on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2018 and 2019).
WU Guangjian
This data set includes three land vertebrate infrared cameras and environmental parameter data sets deployed in Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park. The equipment is deployed at two locations in the National Park, with a time span (2020.8-2021.6). Due to equipment maintenance and insufficient illumination, some data are discontinuous, but the data of the three equipment can complement each other and reconstruct all the information of the observation points in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park from August 2020 to June 2021. Two of the three devices are equipped with infrared cameras, which collect 216 photos and 1239 photos respectively, which can match with the above sensor photos or the ecological factor information before and after taking photos. 1. Wild animals, temperature, humidity, light, pressure and network signal strength information in the forest area of tiger and leopard National Park. The acquisition interval is once every half an hour 2. Data source: "development of terrestrial vertebrate monitoring equipment", 2016yfc0500104, completed by: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, raw data, unprocessed 3. The sensor data acquisition interval is every half an hour. The temperature accuracy is plus or minus 0.1 degrees and the humidity accuracy is plus or minus 0.5%. The photo data is divided into trigger and timing. The trigger data is generally triggered by wild animals in the field of vision of the infrared camera; the timing photo data is dynamically adjusted according to the battery power, and the acquisition interval is between 1-12 hours. 4. This data can be used to record the ambient temperature in the reserve. Combined with the infrared camera data, it can be used to analyze the activity rhythm of wild animals, coexistence analysis and distribution limiting factors.
QIAO Huijie
This data set includes a small vertebrate detection system and trigger sensor data set deployed in Heshan hilly comprehensive test station of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The system is deployed in Heshan hilly comprehensive test station Park (112 ° 53'58 "E, 22 ° 40'39" n), with a time span (November 2019-may 2021). The system consists of a flexible pressure sensor array (25cm * 25cm), a scanning circuit, a controller, a control system unit based on a mobile phone board, that is, a smart camera (driven by the trigger signal output by the pressure sensor, the camera is controlled to automatically take pictures, record and record, and upload data). A total of 72 valid and non repetitive animal photos were collected by the system. 1. Small wild animals in the installation site of Heshan hilly comprehensive test station of Chinese Academy of Sciences. When wild animals appear on the flexible pressure sensor, the acquisition is triggered once. 2. Data source: "development of terrestrial vertebrate monitoring equipment", 2016yfc0500104, completed by: Chengdu Institute of biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, raw data, unprocessed. 3. Photo data can be divided into motion trigger and static pressure trigger. The former requires the moving distance of the animal on the flexible pressure sensor to be greater than the set threshold to prevent repeated trigger when the animal is stationary; the latter refers to that the animal generates pressure on the flexible pressure sensor, that is, it is triggered all the time. This data set is the data in motion trigger mode. 4. This data can be used to record the population number of small wild animals in a certain area (similar to the sensing trap method). Combined with the relevant data of ecological factors, it can be used to analyze the population number and circadian rhythm of small wild animals.
FANG Guangzhan
We develop a DBH recording meter that can automatically record DBH at high frequencies and high precision in the field by designing a high-precision displacement sensor and temperature compensation algorithm. With the developed software, tree growth dynamics can be evaluated online in real time through remote computers or smartphones。The data set is collected through field test and demonstration at Qilian mountain station in Gansu Province and Beijing forest station by using the DBH recording meter. The data table includes the control values measured manually and the measured values of VI (displacement), RI (tree perimeter) and CI (tree diameter) collected by different tree species at different stations. The development of this automatic DBH recording meter promote the automation, intelligent level and independent innovation of vegetation ecological monitoring in China. The dynamic changes of DBH of trees serve the national ecosystem monitoring network, the construction of national "two screens and three belts" ecological security barrier and the demand for large-scale, all-weather and three-dimensional monitoring of vulnerable ecological areas. It plays an important supporting role in promoting the construction of ecological civilization in China.
ZHANG Lin, GAO Liyao, WU Dongxiu
The demonstration data set of automatic plant phenology observer at Heihe Daman station is the corn phenology observation data set collected by the plant phenology observer at Heihe Daman station. The plant phenology observer can collect phenology images through the phenology observation hardware system based on multispectral imager and wireless transmission module, and through online calculation and visual image management Phenological information processing and system control software can realize the automatic identification of key phenological periods at individual and community scales. Through the data collected by the automatic plant phenology observer, the indexes such as vegetation greenness index and NDVI index can be calculated, the change process of key plant phenology can be monitored, and the change law of vegetation phenology can be reflected.
SONG Chuangye, GAO Liyao, WU Dongxiu
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify their related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource bank. In 2021, the investigation and collection of genetic resources of domestic animals will be carried out in yinguoling Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. A total of 209 blood samples of 500 local domesticated animals such as sheep, pigeons, cattle, goats and chickens were collected. This data set contains basic sample information such as species, variety, detailed sampling place, sample type, collection time, collector and storage method, which are stored in Excel form. This data set also contains the appearance photos of sampled individuals, which are stored in JPG format.
YANG Weikang, XU Feng
This data includes the image data of the second comprehensive field scientific investigation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The image data includes the sample plot photos of the quadrats collected in the nature reserve during the scientific research, the images of forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem and lake ecosystem in the nature reserve in Northwest Yunnan and Western Sichuan, the vegetation situation, wildlife habitat, and the data of animals, plants and fungi in the reserve. In addition, the image data also includes the sample collection process of the scientific research, the household survey of the scientific research team in the community survey and the image data of the interview with the local protection department. The data comes from UAV and camera shooting, which can provide evidence and reference for scientific research.
SU Xukun
This dataset contains infrared camera data from January 2020 to October 2020 for the Sidalong sample area in the Qilian Mountains region of Lanzhou University. The typical habitats in the sample area of Teradalong are forests, the main tree species are Qilian round cypress and Qinghai spruce, and the typical mammals are red deer, musk deer, roe deer and blue eared-pheasant.. The main steps of infrared camera data processing include. 1. data storage, setting up directories to store photos and video files on computers, mobile hard disks or other storage media. 2. Processing of mistaken or invalid photos. Delete wind-blown, exposure, no animal presence or arbitrary form of invalid photos. 3. species identification. (1) Animal identification image library construction, each survey unit to establish a library of animal identification images, the library is mainly used for the training of species identification personnel, to facilitate their rapid grasp of species identification characteristics, accurate identification of species. (2) Processing of effective photos: for photos (videos) that can accurately identify species, fill in the name, number and environmental information of the animals in the automatic camera (video) recording form; if there are two or more animals on a photo, fill in one line each; for photos that cannot accurately identify species, fill in the column of the name of the animal that cannot be identified, and fill in the number and environmental information, and fill in the photo processing For poultry and livestock, fill in the name and number of animals and poultry and livestock; for people, fill in the name of the animal as "herder, tourist, forest ranger", etc. (3) other information: environmental information records, according to the photos (video), fill in the following environmental information: temperature: according to the temperature shown on the photos to fill in. Weather: sunny, cloudy, rain, snow. Need to judge carefully. Snow: with or without. Behavior: foraging, drinking, hunting, mating, fighting, fighting for food, repelling, playing, running, resting, walking, alerting, etc. Animal age: young, subspecies, female, male, unknown. Published observation data include: file number, file format, folder number, camera number, deployment point number, shooting date, shooting time, working days (days), element, species name, young, sub, female, male, unknown, total, behavior, temperature (℃), weather, snow.
This dataset contains infrared camera data from January 2020 to November 2020 from Qifeng sample area in Qilian Mountains region of Lanzhou University. It belongs to the Sunan Yugu Autonomous County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, in the northwest of the Sunan Yugu Autonomous County, the western part of the Western Corridor and the northern foot of the Qilian Mountains, east of Daxiang, south of Qilian County and Tianjun County, Qinghai Province, west of Subei County, Jiuquan City, and north of Jiuquan Suzhou District, Jiayuguan City and Yumen City. The typical habitats in the Qifeng sample area are desert and alpine bare rock, and typical mammals include snow leopard, lynx, white-lipped deer and blue sheep. The main steps of infrared camera data processing include. 1. data storage, setting up directories to store photos and video files on computers, mobile hard disks or other storage media. 2. Processing of mistaken or invalid photos. Delete wind-blown, exposure, no animal presence or arbitrary form of invalid photos. 3. species identification. (1) Animal identification image library construction, each survey unit to establish a library of animal identification images, the library is mainly used for the training of species identification personnel, to facilitate their rapid grasp of species identification characteristics, accurate identification of species. (2) Processing of effective photos: for photos (videos) that can accurately identify species, fill in the name, number and environmental information of the animals in the automatic camera (video) recording form; if there are two or more animals on a photo, fill in one line each; for photos that cannot accurately identify species, fill in the column of the name of the animal that cannot be identified, and fill in the number and environmental information, and fill in the photo processing For poultry and livestock, fill in the name and number of animals and poultry and livestock; for people, fill in the name of the animal as "herder, tourist, forest ranger", etc. (3) other information: environmental information records, according to the photos (video), fill in the following environmental information: temperature: according to the temperature shown on the photos to fill in. Weather: sunny, cloudy, rain, snow. Need to judge carefully. Snow: with or without. Behavior: foraging, drinking, hunting, mating, fighting, fighting for food, repelling, playing, running, resting, walking, alerting, etc. Animal age: young, subspecies, female, male, unknown. Published observation data include: file number, file format, folder number, camera number, deployment point number, shooting date, shooting time, working days (days), element, species name, young, sub, female, male, unknown, total, behavior, temperature (℃), weather, snow.
This dataset contains infrared camera data from July 2019 to October 2020 for the Haxi sample area in the Qilian Mountains region of Lanzhou University. The typical habitat in the Haxi sample area is forest, the main tree species are Qilian round cypress and Qinghai spruce, and the typical mammals are red deer, musk deer, roe deer and blue eared-pheasant.. The area is heavily grazed and has frequent human activities. The main steps of infrared camera data processing include. 1. data storage, setting up directories to store photos and video files on computers, mobile hard disks or other storage media. 2. Processing of mistaken or invalid photos. Delete wind-blown, exposure, no animal presence or arbitrary form of invalid photos. 3. species identification. (1) Animal identification image library construction, each survey unit to establish a library of animal identification images, the library is mainly used for the training of species identification personnel, to facilitate their rapid grasp of species identification characteristics, accurate identification of species. (2) Processing of effective photos: for photos (videos) that can accurately identify species, fill in the name, number and environmental information of the animals in the automatic camera (video) recording form; if there are two or more animals on a photo, fill in one line each; for photos that cannot accurately identify species, fill in the column of the name of the animal that cannot be identified, and fill in the number and environmental information, and fill in the photo processing For poultry and livestock, fill in the name and number of animals and poultry and livestock; for people, fill in the name of the animal as "herder, tourist, forest ranger", etc. (3) other information: environmental information records, according to the photos (video), fill in the following environmental information: temperature: according to the temperature shown on the photos to fill in. Weather: sunny, cloudy, rain, snow. Need to judge carefully. Snow: with or without. Behavior: foraging, drinking, hunting, mating, fighting, fighting for food, repelling, playing, running, resting, walking, alerting, etc. Animal age: young, subspecies, female, male, unknown. Published observation data include: file number, file format, folder number, camera number, deployment point number, shooting date, shooting time, working days (days), element, species name, young, sub, female, male, unknown, total, behavior, temperature (℃), weather, snow.
In the first year (from the end of 2019 to the beginning of 2020) of the fifth topic of the second comprehensive scientific investigation and research task of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, "protection and sustainable utilization of animal diversity in the plateau" (2019qzkk0501), 110 scientific investigation teams were organized to carry out more than 60 field scientific investigations in Motuo area, Qilian Mountain and West Tianshan Mountain of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, basically covering the whole Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The vertebrates (birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish) on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the agricultural and pastoral insects in the agricultural and pastoral ecotone of the Asian water tower area and the Himalaya area of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau were investigated by using infrared camera, sample line and sample point. Complete the first round of field investigation of exotic fish in typical water bodies such as Yarlung Zangbo River, exotic amphibian and reptile species in Lhasa and Nyingchi of Tibet Autonomous Region and Xining city of Qinghai Province, rodents on the Northern Line of Sichuan Tibet, przewalskii gazelle and other species, and carry out and complete the collection of genetic (or histological) samples of some species. This data set contains the electronic scientific data of habitat photos, sample photos, work photos and work videos collected in the first year of scientific investigation of this topic. The data is sorted and uploaded by the scientific research team (sub topic) and scientific research route.
YIN TingTing
Kraits of the genus Bungarus Daudin 1803 are widely known venomous snakes distributed from Iran to China and Indonesia. Here, we use a combination of mitochondrial DNA sequence data and morphological data to describe a new species from Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China: Bungarus suzhenae sp. nov. Phylogenetically, this species forms a monophyletic lineage sister to the Bungarus candidus/multicinctus/wanghaotingi complex based on cyt b and ND4 genes but forms a ister species pair with the species B. magnimaculatus Wall & Evans, 1901 based on COI gene fragments. Morphologically, B. suzhenae sp. nov. is similar to the B. candidus/multicinctus/wanghaotingi complex but differs from these taxa by a combination of dental morphology, squamation, coloration pattern, as well as hemipenial morphology. A detailed description of the cranial osteology of the new species is given based on micro-CT tomography images. We revised the morphological characters of B. candidus/multicinctus/wanghaotingi complex and verified the validity of three species in this complex. The distribution of these species was revised; the records of B. candidus in China should be attributed to B. wanghaotingi. We also provide an updated key to species of Bungarus.
SHI Jingsong
In this paper, we review evidence for a major biotic turnover across the Oligocene/Miocene in the Tibetan Plateau region. Based on the recent study of six well-preserved fossil sites from the Cenozoic Lunpola and Nima basins in the central Tibetan Plateau, we report a regional changeover from tropical/subtropical ecosystems in the Late Oligocene ecosystem (26–24 Ma) to a cooler, alpine biota of the Early Miocene (23–18 Ma). The Late Oligocene fossil biota, comprising of fish (climbing perch), insects and plants (palms), shows that the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau was a warm lowland influenced by tropical humidity from the Indian Ocean. In the Early Miocene, the regional biota became transformed, with the evolution and diversification of the endemic primitive snow carp. Early Miocene vegetation was dominated by temperate broad-leaved forest with abundant conifers and herbs under a cool climate, and mammals included the hornless rhinoceros, Plesiaceratherium, a warm temperate taxon. This dramatic ecosystem change is due to a cooling linked to the uplift of Tibetan region, from a Late Oligocene paleo-elevation of no greater than 2300 m a.s.l. in the sedimentary basin to a paleo-elevation of about 3000 m a.s.l. Another factor was the Cenozoic global climatic deterioration toward to an ice-house world.
DENG Tao
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