This data is the runoff data of nalun hydrological station in the upper reaches of the SYR River from 1753 to May to August 2017 reconstructed based on tree ring data. It is obtained from the tree ring hydrological research jointly carried out by Urumqi desert Meteorological Institute of China Meteorological Administration and the Institute of water and Hydropower of the Kyrgyz National Academy of Sciences. The data can be used for scientific research such as water resources assessment and water conservancy projects in mountainous areas of Central Asia, and the observation time is the calibration period, The linear transformation equation of runoff and tree ring data is established to reconstruct the path quantity. Data period: 1753 to 2017. Data element: average runoff from May to August (m3 / s) Station location: 41.43 ° ″ n, 76.02 ° ″ e, 2039m
ZHANG Ruibo
This data includes 50 14C dating data of 5 Lake cores (ANGREN jincuo, Yilong lake, guozhaco, bangdaco and gongzhucuo). The age control of lake sediment cores depends on radiocarbon isotope (14C) dating. The chemical treatment and analysis test of this batch of samples were completed in Miami beta laboratory and Peking University in the United States. The test time was 2018-2022. The test process was carried out in strict accordance with relevant standards. The data sheet includes the lake core sample number, laboratory sample number, dating sample depth, 14C dating results, dating error and corrected results, etc. Good chronological control is the basis of paleoenvironmental reconstruction.
HOU Juzhi, WU Duo
Understanding the modern relationships between pollen and vegetation, climate, and human land-use completely, is essential for quantitative reconstructions of past vegetation, climate and human impacts. supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition Program, we have collected more than 700 surface-soil samples together with detail vegetation survey. Hitherto, pollen analysis of 318 samples have been completed, and the submitted modern pollen dataset includes the pollen percentages of 24 common taxa, the sampling sites of the dataset cover the all vegetation types on the east and central Tibetan Plateau. The dataset can be utilized in establishment for pollen-climate, pollen-vegetation calibration-sets.
CAO Xianyong
1) Data content: The paleomagnetic data can establish the paleomagnetic time frame of huatougou section, and the grain size, magnetic indexes and geochemical indexes can restore the climate change in geological history. 2) Data sources and processing methods Data sources are experimental data. Paleomagnetic data: 2x2x2 cm cylindrical samples were drilled with a small gasoline drill and measured in a magnetic shielding chamber with a cryogenic superconducting magnetometer. Magnetic data: The samples collected in the field were ground into fine particles in a 2x2x2 non-magnetic plastic box with a mortar, and tested with a Kapobridge magnetometer, pulse magnetometer and rotary magnetometer. Grain size data: Analysis of decomposed samples using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 particle size analyzer. Prior to analysis, organic matter was removed with hot hydrogen peroxide and then carbonate was removed with hydrochloric acid in accordance with standard Procedures of Lanzhou University. Geochemical data: Take a small amount of samples to be pounded with agate mortar and ground into powder, and then sieve with a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the samples meet test standards. After all the samples were ground and sifted, the samples were placed lightly in the groove of the slide and scraped to be flush with the surrounding slide. A PANalytical X 'Pert Pro MPD Polycrystal X-ray diffractometer was used as the test instrument. 3) Data quality Sample collection and experimental processing were carried out in accordance with strict standards, and the data obtained were of reliable quality. 4) Data application achievements and prospects Two SCI papers were published using these data, one of which was Ni.
NIE Junsheng
1) Data content: Element content and carbon and oxygen isotope analysis are important indexes for Miocene paleoclimate reconstruction in Tarim Basin 2) Data sources and processing methods Iron content: 4g samples were placed in vibration mill, grinding to less than 200 mesh, the samples were pressed in boric acid with hydraulic press, and finally measured in X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Isotope: The sample is dried at 40℃, then refined to less than 200 mesh, and reacts with 100% phosphoric acid to release CO2 gas in a gas source isophase mass spectrometer. 3) Data quality Sample collection and experimental processing were carried out in accordance with strict standards, and the data obtained were of reliable quality. 4) Data application achievements and prospects Published one SCI paper with this plan.
NIE Junsheng
Magnetic susceptibility and chromaticity data of the Oligocene Baiyanghe Formation in the southern margin of the Jiuxi Basin on the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau. The data are experimental data. The average sampling interval in the field is 1m, and a total of 437 pieces of magnetic susceptibility and chromaticity data were obtained. Magnetic susceptibility data was measured with a Bartington MS-2 portable magnetic susceptibility meter; chromaticity data was measured with a Konica Minolta CM-700 spectrophotometer. Sample collection, pre-processing and experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with strict standards, and the quality of the data obtained was reliable. The results show that the magnetic susceptibility and chromaticity values in the lower part of Baiyanghe Formation have consistent and obvious changes. Combined with the variation characteristics of the strata sedimentary facies in the profile, it is believed that a climate change event occurred in the early Baiyanghe Formation in the southern margin of the Jiuxi Basin. A large number of previous studies on stratigraphy, sedimentology and thermochronology revealed that there were no obvious tectonic events in the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau during this period, indicating that the climate change events in this area may be caused by regional climate changes. The climate information reflected by the magnetic susceptibility and chromaticity data of the Baiyanghe Formation in the southern margin of the Jiuxi Basin can provide data support for the study of the paleoclimate in the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau.
DAI Shuang
1) Data content: Paleomagnetic data can establish paleomagnetic time frame, magnetic and geochemical indicators can restore the climate change in geological history, and heavy mineral analysis can be used to trace provenance. 2) Data sources and processing methods Data sources are experimental data. Magnetic data: The samples collected in the field were ground into fine particles in a 2x2x2 non-magnetic plastic box with a mortar, and tested with a Kapobridge magnetometer, pulse magnetometer and rotary magnetometer. Carbon isotope data: The samples were dried at 40℃, then studied to less than 200 mesh, and reacted with 100% phosphoric acid to release CO2 gas in a gas source isophase mass spectrometer. Grain size data: Analysis of decomposed samples using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 particle size analyzer. Prior to analysis, organic matter was removed with hot hydrogen peroxide and then carbonate was removed with hydrochloric acid in accordance with standard Procedures of Lanzhou University. 3) Data quality Sample collection and experimental processing were carried out in accordance with strict standards, and the data obtained were of reliable quality. 4) Data application achievements and prospects One SCI paper was published using the data, which was Ni.
NIE Junsheng
This dataset includes contents, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of carbonates in the Qom section, Central Iran. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes from carbonates are important climatic proxies in paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The sediment samples were grounded and sieved through a 100 mesh screen, and then directly analyzed using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (MAT-252) with an automated carbonate preparation device (Kiel Ⅱ). C, O isotope ratios are converted to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (V-PDB) standards. Typical analytical errors for C, O isotope are within ±0.1‰ (±0.06‰ and ±0.08‰ for carbon isotope and oxygen isotope, respectively). The carbonate content was measured by neutralization titration with an accuracy of 0.5%. The ages of the data were obtained by linear interpolation based on magnetostratigraphy. Based on the carbonate concentrations and the stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of the Qom Basin the Miocene paleoenvironmental evolution history can be well reconstructed, being useful for discussing the environmental effects of the uplift of the Arabia-Eurasia collision and the global climatic changes. This study aims to analyze the history of climate change in central Iran since the mid-late Miocene, and finally reveals the intensification of aridity in central Iran since 13 Ma.
SUN Jimin
This dataset includes contents, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of carbonates in the Aksu section, Tajik Basin. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes from carbonates are important climatic proxies in paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The samples are sampled from fine-grained sediments (siltstone, clay) in the late Eocene-early Oligocene continental strata of the Aksu section in the central Tajik Basin. The sediment samples were grounded and sieved through a 100 mesh screen, and then directly analyzed using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (MAT-252) with an automated carbonate preparation device (Kiel Ⅱ). C, O isotope ratios are converted to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (V-PDB) standards. Typical analytical errors for C, O isotope are within ±0.1‰ (±0.06‰ and ±0.08‰ for carbon isotope and oxygen isotope, respectively). The carbonate content was measured by neutralization titration with an accuracy of 0.5%. The ages of the data were obtained by linear interpolation based on magnetostratigraphy. Based on the carbonate concentrations and the stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of the Tajik Basin, the paleoenvironmental evolution history during the late Eocene and early Oligocene can be well reconstructed, being useful for discussing the environmental effects of the uplift of the Indo-Eurasia collision and the global climatic changes.
SUN Jimin
Recent paleobotanical investigations in Vietnam provide a good opportunity to improve our understanding of the biodiversity and paleoclimatic conditions in the geological past of Southeast Asia. Palms (Arecaceae) are a diverse family of typical thermophilous plants with a relatively low tolerance for freezing. In this study, we describe well-preserved fossil palm leaves from the Oligocene Dong Ho Formation of Hoanh Bo Basin, northern Vietnam. Characters of the fossil leaves, such as a fan-shaped costapalmate lamina, an unarmed petiole, a costa slightly enlarged at the base that then tapers distally into the blade, and well-preserved amphistomatic leaves with cuticles, suggest that they represent a new fossil species, which we herein designate Sabalites colaniae A. Song, T. Su, T. V. Do et Z.K. Zhou sp. nov. Together with other paleontological and palaeoclimatic evidence, we conclude that a warm climate prevailed in northern Vietnam and nearby areas during the Oligocene.
SU Tao
The West Kunlun region forms the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and sedimentation in this region contributed to plateau formation and its northwards expansion, as well as the development of central Asian aridification. However, the stratigraphic dating framework in this region has been ambiguous, hampering the understanding of both tectonic and environmental evolution. Here, palynological analysis was performed on the Xialafudie Formation in the West Kunlun region. Together with the palynological assemblage and megafossils found in the study section, as well as regional stratigraphic comparison, we conclude that the Xialafudie Formation was deposited during the Pliocene, and not Early Cretaceous as previously reported. The palynological assemblage of the section is mainly composed of drought-tolerant herbs and shrubs, and the percentage of conifers and broadleaved trees is very low, indicating that a dry and cold environment prevailed in the West Kunlun region during the Pliocene. Comprehensively analysed palynological data from the Tarim Basin and its surroundings show that aridification intensified in this part of central Asia during the Pliocene, as a result of long-term global cooling and regional tectonism.
SU Tao
The growth of the Tibetan Plateau throughout the past 66 million years has profoundly affected the Asian climate, but how this unparalleled orogenesis might have driven vegetation and plant diversity changes in eastern Asia is poorly understood. We approach this question by integrating modeling results and fossil data. We show that growth of north and northeastern Tibet affects vegetation and, crucially, plant diversity in eastern Asia by altering the monsoon system. This northern Tibetan orographic change induces a precipitation increase, especially in the dry (winter) season, resulting in a transition from deciduous broadleaf vegetation to evergreen broadleaf vegetation and plant diversity increases across southeastern Asia. Further quantifying the complexity of Tibetan orographic change is critical for understanding the finer details of Asian vegetation and plant diversity evolution. *: Corresponding author
SU Tao
The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) played a crucial role in shaping the biodiversity in Asia during the Cenozoic. However, fossil records attributed to insects are still scarce from the QTP, which limits our understanding on the evolution of biodiversity in this large region. Fulgoridae (lanternfly) is a group of large planthopper in body size, which is found primarily in tropical regions. The majority of the Fulgoridae bear brilliant colors and elongated heads. The fossil records of Fulgoridae span from the Eocene to Miocene in the Northern Hemisphere, and only a few fossil species from Neogene deposits have been reported in Asia so far. Here, we report a new fossil record of Fulgoridae from the middle Eocene Lunpola Basin, central QTP. The specimen is in lateral compression, with complete abdomen, thorax, and part of the wings preserved, while most of the head is missing. It belongs to the “lower Fulgoroidea” judging by several strong lateral spines on the hind tibia and a row of teeth at the apex of the second metatarsomere. This fossil specimen is assigned to Fulgoridae by comparison with nine families of the “lower Fulgoroidea”. The specimen represents the earliest Fulgoridae fossil record in Asia and was considered a new morphotaxon based on the peculiar legs and wings. Based on the modern distribution of fulgorid and other paleontological evidence, we suggest a warm climate with relatively low elevation during the middle Eocene in the central QTP. Therefore, this new fossil record not only provides important information on insect diversity in the middle Eocene, but also gives new evidence on the paleoenvironment in the core area of the QTP from the perspective of an insect.
SU Tao
This paper describes a plant megafossil assemblage from the Pliocene strata of Xiangzi, Zanda Basin in the western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Twenty-one species belonging to 12 genera and 10 families were identified. Studies show that the Pliocene vegetation in Zanda Basin was mostly deciduous shrub composed of Cotoneaster, Spiraea, Caragana, Hippophae, Rhododendron, Potentilla fruticosa, etc. Leaf sizes of these taxa were generally small. Paleoclimate reconstruction using Coexistence Analysis and CLAMP showed that this area had higher temperature and precipitation in the Pliocene than today, and distinct seasonal precipitation variability was established. The reconstructed paleoelevation of Zanda Basin in the Pliocene was similar to modern times. In the context of central Asian aridification, the gradual drought in the area beginning in the late Cenozoic caused vegetation to transition from shrub to desert, and the flora composition also changed.
SU Tao
Sclerophyllous evergreen broad-leaved forests, mainly made up of sclerophyllous oak, Quercus section Heterobalanus (Øerst.) Menitsky, Fagaceae, represent the most typical forest type in the Hengduan Mountains. Their distribution pattern is closely related to the growth and formation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). The oldest fossil record of Quercus sect. Heterobalanus so far discovered is from the middle Miocene of the Gazhacun Formation in Namling County, southern Tibet. However, our recent discovery of leaf fossils from the upper Eocene of Lawula Formation in Markam Basin, southeastern Tibet, illustrates that their origin is nearly 20 Myr older than previously assumed. By integrating the results from geometric morphometrics, geographical range expansion, and ecological niche shifts of this section in what is now the QTP and the Hengduan Mountains, we infer that the leaves of Quercus sect. Heterobalanus were already adapted to cool and dry conditions in some local regions no later than in the late Eocene. Then, with the growth of the QTP and late Cenozoic global cooling, the expansion of cooler and drier habitats benefited the spread and development of this section and their leaves exhibited morphological stasis through stabilizing selection. Based on published fossil records and recent discoveries, we argue that Quercus sect. Heterobalanus appeared in the subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests of the southeastern margin of what is now the QTP no later than in the late Eocene. Some taxa spread westwards along the Gangdese Mountains and later the Himalaya, and others spread eastwards and southeastwards, gradually becoming a dominant group of species in the Hengduan Mountains. This dispersal route is contrary to the previous “northwards hypothesis” of this section, and further supports the hypothesis of an East Asian origin for Quercus section Ilex Loudon.
SU Tao
This data including the GDGTs data and fatty acid data records of Xiada Co in the west of Qinghai Tibet Plateau during the past 2000 years. These data are obtained by the research team using organic geochemical methods. The Xiada Co sediment core was collected in the summer of 2014. The water depth of the sampling point (33.392°N、79.363°E，4373m) is about 19m. The extraction of biomarkers in lake sediments was carried out by ultrasonic extraction. The extraction and testing of compounds were carried out in the laboratory of environmental change and surface processes, Institute of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The detection instrument of wax fatty acid compounds in sediments is gas chromatography flame ion detector (GC-FID, model: Agilent 7890a). The test instrument for GDGTs compounds is HPLC-APCI-MS (Agilent 1200 HPLC + 6100 MS), which is tested by three chromatographic columns in series. The model of chromatographic column is (hypersil gold silica, 100 mm) × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μ m). 5-methyl bgdgts isomer and 6-methyl bgdgts isomer were effectively separated by silica gel column in series. This data can provide the climatic and environmental background of human activities in the western plateau of the late Holocene, provide a basis for understanding the process and mechanism of climate change in the western Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past 2000, and provide boundary conditions for climate simulation.
HOU Juzhi, LI Xiumei
The Cenozoic terrestrial chemical weathering records from the surrounding areas of the Tibetan Plateau are of great significance for understanding the relationship between Tibetan Plateau uplift, chemical weathering and global cooling. In this study, detailed mineralogical and geochemical analysis were performed on the early Cenozoic sediments from the Hongliugou section (54-26 Ma) in the Qaidam Basin, the Xiejia section in the Xining Basin (52-26 Ma) and the Caijiachong section in the Qujing Basin (46.6-36 Ma). Then a comprehensive chemical weathering history of the Early Cenozoic (54-26 Ma) in the northeastern and southeastern Tibetan Plateau was established. Specially, clay minerals of 315 samples from the Hongliugou section, 131 samples from the Xiejia section and 230 samples from the Caijiachong section were analyzed using Bruker D8+ X-ray diffraction analyzer. Major and trace elements of 310 samples from the Hongliugou section, 120 samples from Xiejia section and 201 samples from the Caijiachong section were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; Leeman Labs Prodigy-H) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS; X-7; Thermo-Elemental, USA), respectively. While the hematite content of 835 samples from the Hongliugou section were determined using a Purkinje General TU1901 UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The regional chemical weathering intensity as suggested by clay mineral assemblage (i.e. (illite/smectite mixed layers + smectite)/illite), elemental geochemical indices (e.g., CIA) and hematite content shows a long-term decreasing trend in 54-26Ma, resembling the contemporary benthic oxygen isotopes variations, thus indicating that global temperature is the main controlling factor regulating the reginal chemical weathering in the early Cenozoic.
FANG Xiaomin , FANG Xiaomin, HAN Wenxia HAN Wenxia
This is Tibet Plateau (TP) annual near-surface temperature dataset during the past millennium with a 2° spatial resolution, which is produced using the paleoclimate data assimilation approach with EnSRF method, MPI-ESM-P model and 396 multi-proxies from the PAGES2k Consoritum. This dataset agrees well with several observational temperature datasets during the instrumental period, and has a similar level of reliability as the Twentieth Century Reanalysis which assimilates surface pressure observations. In addition, the dataset shows a high level of agreement with previous proxy-based reconstructions (average correlation of annual mean TP temperatures is r = 0.61). The dataset can be used to study the temperature variability over the TP and some regions of the TP during the past millennium (1000-2000 AD).
FANG Miao
Zijunbu site is an ancient human activity site about 120000 ~ 90000 years ago. There are a large number of stone tools and animal bones. The photoluminescence dating shows that the human activity time is the mis5 stage between 120-90ka. It is the earliest wilderness site on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The section of the site is divided into 11 layers from top to bottom, of which the cultural layer is the ancient soil layer of 6-9 layers. The Paleoenvironment was reconstructed by particle size analysis, magnetic susceptibility, total organic (TOC) and calcium carbonate content. Compared with the published high-resolution climate curve, the results show that the East Asian summer monsoon was strengthened in the period occupied by paleohumans, and the climate was warm and humid, which was conducive to human survival.
ZHANG Dongju
Fossils of the ursid Indarctos from Withlacoochee River 4A of Florida (late early Hemphillian North American Land Mammal Age, Hh2, ~ 7.5–6.5 Ma) represent the best sample of this genus in North America, including both craniodental and postcranial specimens, yet only the skull has been described. In this study, we describe the other material of this bear from the same locality and review the records of Indarctos in North America. Indarctos from Withlacoochee River 4A has dental characters in accordance with those of typical Indarctos oregonensis, but has distinctly more slender postcranial bones. Indarctos from other localities of North America contains two morphs with regards to postcranial robustness, but lacks a clear geographic pattern. Indarctos from Withlacoochee River 4A shares traits with the Old World Indarctos zdanskyi and may be its descendant in the New World. The machairodont from Withlacoochee River 4A shows typical characters (e.g., presence of distinct P4 preparastyle and mandibular flange) that allow referral to Amphimachairodus rather than to Nimravides. Its morphology also shows a stronger affinity of this population to the Old World Amphimachairodus horribilis rather than to Hh3 Amphimachairodus coloradensis. Previously, most North American records of Amphimachairodus were late Hemphillian (Hh3–4, ~ 6.5–4.5 Ma), when it co-occurred with a different ursid, “Agriotherium.” The Withlacoochee River 4A specimens provide evidence that Amphimachairodus dispersed from Asia during the Hh2. The special morphology of Indarctos and the presence of Amphimachairodus in a Hh2 fauna suggest that the environment had begun to change before the significant fauna turnover between the early and late Hemphillian.
QIGAO Jiangzuo
By collecting the tree ring width data in the Qilian Mountain and its surrounding areas, a regional tree ring chronological network is established. On this basis, the variability of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) in the Qilian mountain area from May to August in recent 200 years is reconstructed by using the point by point reconstruction method, and the spatial resolution of the reconstruction is 0.5 * 0.5 degrees. All the data contained in this data set have passed the tests commonly used in tree ring climatology research, such as error reduction (RE), efficiency coefficient (CE) and correlation coefficient. The data can be used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of drought in Qilian Mountain and its surrounding areas in the past 200 years.
DENG Yang
The cranial appendage (headgear) is an iconic structure of modern ruminants, and four of the five extant pecoran families display morphological and physiological specialties. They probably share one origin from the same genetic basis, whereas the evolution of the cranial appendages is still debatable, especially in consideration of fossil taxa lacking headgear. Amphimoschus is an enigmatic pecoran that comprises no more than two species, mainly known from the late early/early middle Miocene of Western and Central Europe and considered not to possess any cranial appendages. Here, we present Amphimoschus xishuiensis sp. nov., discovered in the Tabenbuluk area, Gansu Province, China. The new species reveals the first evidence of cranial ornamentations in the genus, including a supraorbital bump, an antorbital protuberance and frontal thickening. In our phylogenetic analysis the genus was inferred as a basal member of the Bovoidea, and thus the cranial ornamentations of A. xishuiensis might provide insight into the early evolution of cranial appendages in Bovoidea. They could be interpreted as weapons to defend territories in intense intraspecific or interspecific competition during the late early Miocene.
DENG Tao
Owing to the scarcity of records, the Asian evolution and migration of Diaceratherium, a large extinct genus of rhinoceros of the Teleoceratini, remain unclear. The skeleton described herein, from the early Miocene Shanwang Basin in China, is identified as Diaceratherium shanwangense, a species originally defined based on upper cheek teeth. This skeleton features a large body, short horn-bearing nasal bones, moderately retracted nasal notch at the P3 level, and the metapodials that are less massive than those in other previously identified species of Diaceratherium. Mammalian fossils reported from the Oligocene–Miocene transition of the Old World, such as Dorcatherium and Amphicyon, have indicated a migration route between Europe and Eastern Asia via Southern and South-eastern Asia, namely along the southern margins of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the fossil remains of Diaceratherium reported in this study were discovered in eastern China, which represents the second accurate record of the genus in Asia (together with its presence in Kazakhstan). Consequently, given the temporal range and geological distribution of Diaceratherium, we propose that the expansion of this genus to the eastern part of the continent occurred via a route following the northern margins of the Tibetan Plateau, which if verified, represents an alternative expansion route differing from the established routes of other mammals.
DENG Tao
As one of the largest land mammals, the origin and evolution of the giant rhino Paraceratherium bugtiense in Pakistan have been unclear. We report a new species Paraceratherium linxiaense sp. nov. from northwestern China with an age of 26.5 Ma. Morphology and phylogeny reveal that P. linxiaense is the highly derived species of the genus Paraceratherium, and its clade with P. lepidum has a tight relationship to P. bugtiense. Based on the paleogeographical literature, P. bugtiense represents a range expansion of Paraceratherium from Central Asia via the Tibetan region. By the late Oligocene, P. lepidum and P. linxiaense were found in the north side of the Tibetan Plateau. The Tibetan region likely hosted some areas with low elevation, possibly under 2000 m during Oligocene, and the lineage of giant rhinos could have dispersed freely along the eastern coast of the Tethys Ocean and perhaps through some lowlands of this region.
DENG Tao
Focusing on the "Holocene temperature problem", the Holocene earth temperature change has become a hot issue in the past climate change research. Based on the fossil sporopollen of Xingyun Lake in Yunnan Province, the newly developed method of quantitative reconstruction significance test based on random data is used to quantitatively reconstruct the summer temperature (average temperature in July) in the study area since the past 14000 years. It is found that there is a difference in the change trend between it and the summer precipitation records based on carbon, acid and oxygen isotopes of sediments in the lake, which is mainly reflected in the uncoupled change of the two in the early Holocene, The early Holocene had higher summer precipitation, but lower summer temperature. The author further puts forward that the internal feedback of the earth system dominated by clouds, aerosols and high latitude ice sheet boundary conditions in the northern hemisphere is the main reason for the uncoupling of early Holocene summer precipitation and temperature in Southwest China.
WU Duo
The present data are chronological and palynological data from the Luanhaizi Lake core in the Menyuan Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. We used the AMS14C method to test nine dated samples from the LHZ18 core. Bulk samples were collected from plant remains and organic-rich horizons from the core LHZ18 for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C dating. Samples were measured at Beta Labs in the USA and Lanzhou University.Pollen analysis was completed at the Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environment Systems,Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, with 140 stratigraphic pollen samples and 10 topsoil pollen samples. Spore pollen identification statistics were carried out under a light microscope.The pollen results mainly include the number of grains of trees, shrubs, herbs and aquatic plants.
HUANG Xiaozhong, ZHANG Jun, WANG Tao
Guided by the theories of plate tectonics, paleogeography, petroliferous basin analysis and sedimentary basin dynamics, a large number of data and achievements of geological research and oil and gas geological research in the pan third pole in recent years are collected, including basic materials such as strata, sedimentation, paleontology, paleogeography, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, structure, oil and gas (potassium salt) geology, especially paleomagnetism Based on the data of paleontology, detrital zircon and geochemistry, combined with the results of typical measured stratigraphic sections, the Cenozoic lithofacies and climate paleogeographic pattern are restored and reconstructed, and the pan tertiary Cenozoic lithofacies paleogeographic map (1) and pan tertiary Cenozoic climate paleogeographic map (3) are obtained, in order to explore the impact of paleogeography, paleostructure and paleoclimate on oil and gas Control and influence of (including potassium salt) resources, so as to reveal the geological conditions of oil and gas formation and the law of resource distribution, and provide scientific basis and technical support for China's overseas and domestic oil and gas exploration deployment.
LI Yalin
Collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates produced concomitant uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and its basin-ridge geomorphological systems. Surface relief of the Tibetan Plateau has significant dynamic and thermal effects on atmospheric circulation and on regional and global climate. It has been considered as one of the key drivers for the formation of the Asian monsoon, enhanced erosion and weathering, global decreased CO2 during the Cenozoic. Finally, this uplift caused global cooling in the Cenozoic. However, at present, the driving mechanisms of these processes still remain controversies and have not been clearly confirmed by records of chemical weathering from the Tibetan Plateau. This dataset includes major elemental compositions of the Fenghuoshan Group (thick of ~4500 m) from the Hoh Xil Basin which has been dated back to the Late Cretaceous-Eocence. Element was measured in the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences using XRF-1500. The resconstructed Paleogene chemical weathering sequences allow us to constrain the trends of chemical weathering history of the studied area. We found that intensity of chemical weathering is well correlated with global temperature change. These results provide further data supprot for discussing the dynamic mechanisms and links among the Paleogene chemical weathering in the Hoh Xil Basin, uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and global change.
JIN Chunsheng
A 170-cm-long sediment core was extracted from Lake Xingxinghai at a water depth of 9 m (34°50.44′N, 98°06.34′E) in January 2010 using Austria’s UWITEC platform coring equipment. Both the 210Pb/137Cs and AMS 14C (11 dating data) approaches were applicated into the age-depth model establishment using Bayesian age–depth modelling by the “Bacon” software, and the age-depth model indicates the core covers the past 7400 years. The core was sliced at 0.5-cm interval upper 3 cm and 1-cm interval for other part, finally we got 173 samples totally. Pollen grains were extracted using a procedure including the treatments with 10 % HCl, 10 % NaOH and 40 % HF, followed by a 7-μm mesh sieving and acetolysis treatment (9:1 mixture of acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid). Pollen grains were identified and counted under optical microscope, and at least 300 terrestrial pollen grains were counted for each sample. The mean temporal resolution of pollen spectra is ca. 40 year/sample. The pollen spectra include forty-eight pollen taxa, are dominated by herbaceous taxa (range: 88.5~98.9%; mean: 93.4%), such as Artemisia (up to 54.4%), Cyperaceae (up to 50.1%), Poaceae (up to 48.8%), Chenopodiaceae (up to 17.9%) and Asteraceae (up to 8.5%). Abundance of arboreal pollen is less than 5% through out the core, mainly comprised of Pinus (maximum: 4.9%; mean:1.2%) and Betula (maximum: 3.0%; mean: 0.7%). The pollen dataset includes pollen percentages for the 43 terrestrial pollen taxa together with their depths and ages, and the dataset is valuable to employed in past vegetation and climate reconstructions.
TIAN Fang, CAO Xianyong
This data is the set of surface dust properties in high mountain and canyon area of Hengduan Mountain, including magnetic data and geochemical data. The analysis of magnetic susceptibility and geochemical elements was completed at the Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, China. The magnetic susceptibility was measured by Bartington MS2 magnetic susceptibility meter. The geochemical elements were measured by PW2403 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) produced by Philips in the Netherlands. This data provides the characteristics of magnetic susceptibility and geochemical elements of topsoil in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, which plays an important role in understanding the relationship between modern climate factors and magnetic susceptibility of topsoil in the eastern TP, and the source of dust source area, dust transport and atmospheric circulation model in the TP.
YANG Shengli, LI Qiong, XIA Dunsheng, LUO Yuanlong
This data is the chronological, magnetic and grain size data of Maquqiao (MQQ) aeolian sequence in the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP). We measured the magnetic susceptibility and grain size data of the profile at 2.5 cm intervals. AMS14C dating samples were tested in Peking University and Beta Analytic in Miami, United States. All the experimental analysis was completed at the Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, China. The OSL ages were determined by an automated Risø TL/OSL DA-20 reader. The magnetic susceptibility was measured by Bartington MS2 magnetic susceptibility meter; The grain size data were measured by a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 laser diffractometer; The bulk density data were determined by according to the oil-soaked method; The data show the variations of magnetic susceptibility and grain size of aeolian sequences in the eastern TP since the Holocene, which has important reference significance for the study of aeolian sand activities associated with desertification and serious land degradation in the eastern TP.
YANG Shengli, LI Qiong, CHEN Zixuan, LIU Xiaojing
This data is the magnetism, grain size, chromaticity, diffuse reflectance spectral goethite / hematite peak height data, organic matter stable carbon isotope data of loess-paleosol sequence in Ganzi section (XS) in the east of Tibetan Plateau (TP). We measured the magnetic susceptibility and grain size of the section (10 m) at an interval of 2.5 cm, measured the non-hysteresis remanence and isothermal remanence data at an interval of 5 cm, and provided 5 sets of hysteresis loop measurement results. Total organic carbon (TOC) and organic carbon isotopes were measured at 10 cm and 20 cm intervals respectively. The experimental analysis of magnetic susceptibility was completed at the Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, China. The soil δ13Corgmeasurements were conducted at the State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLGAE), Lanzhou University. And the analysis of remanence and hysteresis loop was completed at the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chromaticity analysis was carried out in the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology. The magnetic susceptibility is measured by Bartington MS2 magnetic susceptibility meter, the non-hysteresis remanence is measured by American ASCIM-10-30 pulse magnetometer and molspin minispin small rotation magnetometer, and the isothermal remanence is measured by ASCIM-10-30 pulse magnetometer, 2g-755 superconducting magnetometer and JR-6A rotation magnetometer; he grain size data were measured by a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 laser diffractometer; The chromaticity was determined by CM-700d spectrophotometer. The δ13Corgvalues were analyzed using a MAT-253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer. This data provides an understanding of the magnetic properties and chromaticity variation characteristics of the loess sequence in the eastern TP since the last interglacial period, and plays an important role in the research of the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate in the eastern TP and its relationship with the surrounding atmospheric circulation.
YANG Shengli, CHEN Zixuan, XIA Dunsheng, LIU Li
This data is the chronological, magnetic, grain size and bulk density data of Zhouqu (ZQ) loess paleosol sequence in the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP). We measured the magnetic susceptibility, grain size and bulk density data of the profile at 5 cm intervals. All the experimental analysis was completed at the Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, China. The OSL ages were determined by an automated Risø TL/OSL DA-20 reader. The magnetic susceptibility was measured by Bartington MS2 magnetic susceptibility meter; The grain size data were measured by a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 laser diffractometer; The bulk density data were determined by according to the oil-soaked method; The data set show the variation characteristics of magnetic susceptibility, grain size and bulk density of loess sequence in the eastern TP since the last glacial period, which plays an important role in studying the paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, dust accumulation history and its relationship with the surrounding atmospheric circulation in the eastern TP.
YANG Shengli, XIA Dunsheng, CHEN Zixuan, LI Qiong
This data is the chronological, grain size and bulk density data of loess-paleosol sequence in Wenchuan (WCH) in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We measured the median grain size and bulk density data of the profile (10m) at intervals of 2.5cm and 5cm respectively. The OSL dating experiment was carried out in the Luminescence Dating Laboratory of the Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) in Lanzhou University. AMS 14C measurements were carried out at Peking University. The experimental analysis of environmental indicators was also completed at the Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) in Lanzhou University. The OSL ages were determined by an automated Risø TL/OSL DA-20 reader. The grain size data were measured by a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 laser diffractometer; the bulk density data were determined by the oil-soaked method. This data provides the detailed chronological data of loess-paleosol sequence and the variation characteristics of grain size and bulk density since the last glacial period in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and provides an important data reference for understanding paleoclimate evolution and dust accumulation history in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
YANG Shengli, LIU Li, XIA Dunsheng, CHEN Zixuan
The water vapor isotopes transported by different atmospheric circulation systems are different, and the precipitation on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is affected by monsoon and westerly circulation, which is very sensitive to climate and environmental change. Hydrogen isotopes of wax in lake sediments provide a means to restore past precipitation information. The stable hydrogen isotope records of sediments from different lakes (Qinghai Lake, linggecuo lake and Bangong Lake) in the East and west of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau provided by the author reconstruct the isotopic changes of precipitation in the East and west of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past 20000 years, and study the effects of summer monsoon and westerly jet on water vapor in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau since the late Pleistocene, It also provides important basic data for reconstructing the paleoclimate and environmental changes of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past.
HOU Juzhi
XRF data can quickly, nondestructive and high-resolution obtain the relative abundance of constant and trace geochemistry, which can be used to reconstruct the environmental change. This data includes the XRF multi-element data of Daze Co and Jiang Co and the age depth data of Lake cores, which can be used to reconstruct the climate and environmental changes in the East and west of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past 20000 years. In Daze Co and Jiang Co lakes, Ti, K, Fe, Si and other elements show the same change trend. Through multi index comparative analysis, it is considered that Ti and other rock forming elements are mainly affected by the inner diameter flow conditions of the basin and can be used to reconstruct the changes of hydrological conditions in the basin in recent 20000 years.
HOU Juzhi
1) The data include the temperature records reconstructed by using the core depth, age and biomarker gdgts of Bangong Lake to reconstruct the annual average temperature change of Bangong Lake Basin in the west of Qinghai Tibet Plateau since the last deglaciation. At present, most paleoclimate records on the plateau are qualitative and semi quantitative, and the quantitative records are very limited, which restricts the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of climate change on the plateau. Bangongcuo, the largest lake in the west of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, was selected as the study area, and the average annual temperature change in this area since 16 ka BP was reconstructed by using biomarker indexes. 2) The record was reconstructed using gdgts of lake sediments. 3) The data are detailed and reliable. 4) This study not only provides data for understanding the past climate change in the western Qinghai Tibet Plateau, but also provides a basis for discussing the plateau climate change mechanism and verifying the reliability of regional climate model.
HOU Juzhi, WANG Mingda
1) The data includes 40 14C dating data of multiple Lake cores. The age control of most lake sediment cores is completed by radiocarbon isotope (14C) dating. The data sheet includes Lake core sample number, laboratory sample number, sample depth, 14C results, dating error and corrected results. The chronological framework of Lake cores is the basis for paleoclimate reconstruction. 2) All 14C data are completed in beta analytical Inc, and the laboratory operation is in strict accordance with the standard process. 3) The quality of the 40 dating data is good. 4) The data have been published, which provides basic data for the study of paleoclimate in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
HOU Juzhi
Simao basin is located in the south of Yunnan Province and the southeast of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It belongs to the Sanjiang tectonic domain in the east of Tethys tectonic domain. Thick and continuous early Cenozoic strata are preserved in the basin, so it is an ideal material to restore the tectonic evolution history of the region and the southeast side of the plateau. a continuous and complete high-resolution sequence (361.86 m in thickness) of the Mengyejing Formation was obtained through the continuous drilling in the previous study. The mass-specific magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization from parts of samples of Xiaojinggu core (250 m) have been measured, and several important magnetic parameters were determined, including the high and low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χlf), SIRM, and ARM. These records will provide an important insight into the paleoclimate change covering the Mengyejing Formation.
YAN Maodu
Qujing basin, located in the east of Yunnan Province, is a long and narrow faulted basin with a north-south trend. Thick and continuous Cenozoic sediments are preserved in the basin, which can be divided into Xiaotun Formation, Caijiachong Formation, and Ciying Formation from bottom to top. These sediments are ideal materials to explore the southeast escape and deformation affected by the India-Eurasian plate collision in the early Cenozoic and the formation and evolution history of the Indian monsoon. A total of a 320.1-meter core covering the entire Ciying Formation and the Caijiachong Formation was obtained through the continuous drilling mission carried out in the center of the basin in the previous study. The mass-specific magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) from parts of samples of Caijiachong core (320.1m) have been measured, and several important magnetic parameters were determined, including the high and low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χlf), SIRM and ARM, thus providing important basic information for further mult-index climate reconstruction.
YAN Maodu
The Himalayas is the most majestic, tall and young folded mountain system on earth. Before Eocene, the Himalayas were in a long-term sinking shallow sea environment. Under the action of extremely strong Himalayan movement, the Himalayas rose from the sea. By the end of tertiary, it had risen to a high mountain with an average height of more than 3000 meters. Therefore, under the influence of global climate change, Mount Everest has experienced several major Pleistocene glaciations, leaving behind various glacial related sediments and interglacial deposits. In 1960, the scientific investigation team of the Chinese Everest mountaineering team and the scientific investigation team of the Chinese xishabangma mountaineering team in 1964 conducted a more detailed investigation on the glaciers and other Quaternary sediments in the two peaks and their adjacent areas. During the scientific investigation of Mount Qomolangma from 1966 to 1968, on the basis of previous work, the Quaternary glacial deposits characteristic of this area were further investigated, and the research on various deposits in interglacial period and post glacial period was strengthened, so as to find some complete and typical quaternary stratigraphic profiles. This data set comes from the field investigation of the scientific research team in this book. Outline This paper introduces the spatial distribution characteristics of Quaternary sediments, focuses on several main quaternary stratigraphic profiles, preliminarily establishes the sequence of Quaternary strata in this area and discusses the age of strata. It lays a foundation for in-depth discussion of Quaternary glaciation, paleoclimate and the rise of Himalayas in this area.
NIAN Yanyun
Based on the changes of tree ring stable oxygen isotope ratio since 1752 established in Northeast China, and based on the negative correlation between tree ring oxygen isotope ratio and summer drought index, the linear correlation equation between tree ring oxygen isotope and drought index is established, and the quantitative reconstruction of drought index from 1752 to 2015 is preliminarily completed. This result is helpful to understand the characteristics of regional dry and wet change from interannual to interdecadal scale. At the same time, it can also compare and study the impact of global change caused by human activities on regional hydrology and climate since the industrial revolution. It is of certain significance in revealing the mechanism of regional dry and wet change and distinguishing the impact of human activities and natural variability on regional climate.
XU Chenxi
Based on the changes of tree ring stable oxygen isotope ratio Since 1750 established in Qilian mountain area, based on the negative correlation between tree ring oxygen isotope ratio and summer drought index, the linear correlation equation between tree ring oxygen isotope and drought index is established, and the quantitative reconstruction of drought index from 1750 to 2016 is preliminarily completed. This result is helpful to understand the characteristics of regional dry and wet change from interannual to interdecadal scale. At the same time, it can also compare and study the impact of global change caused by human activities on regional hydrology and climate since the industrial revolution. It is of certain significance in revealing the mechanism of regional dry and wet change and distinguishing the impact of human activities and natural variability on regional climate.
XU Chenxi
Through the changes of tree ring stable oxygen isotope ratio since 1710 established in Bosnia area, based on the negative correlation between tree ring oxygen isotope ratio and summer drought index, the linear correlation equation between tree ring oxygen isotope and drought index is established, and the quantitative reconstruction of drought index from 1710 to 2019 is preliminarily completed. This result is helpful to understand the characteristics of regional dry and wet change from interannual to interdecadal scale. At the same time, it can also compare and study the impact of global change caused by human activities on regional hydrology and climate since the industrial revolution. It is of certain significance in revealing the mechanism of regional dry and wet change and distinguishing the impact of human activities and natural variability on regional climate.
XU Chenxi
This data set consists of volcanic ash chronological analysis data in Serbian loess. Volcanic ash chronology is a method to correlate and date geological, PALEOCLIMATOLOGICAL, archaeological and other strata and events by using volcanic ash layer as isochronous marker. Generally, the volcanic ash in sediments is compared through the chemical composition characteristics and characteristic mineral assemblages of minerals, and the age of volcanic ash layer is determined through the calibration of isochronous strata in the region; The age of the volcanic ash layer can also be determined by absolute dating methods such as AR ar. The volcanic ash chronological analysis data include the single mineral chemical composition of 8 layers of volcanic ash samples in different loess sections of Serbia and the AR ar chronological data of diorthite of 1 layer of volcanic ash samples. Among them, the single mineral chemical composition of volcanic ash samples was determined by jeol jxa 8100 electron probe of electron probe and scanning electron microscope laboratory of Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The AR ar chronology data of diorite of volcanic ash samples were determined by helix SFT mass spectrometer of environmental research center of Scottish University Union. This data can provide further age constraints for the Loess in Serbia and is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / Paleoenvironment in southeastern Europe.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set is composed of paleomagnetic analysis data of the comprehensive loess profile of titel stari slankamen, Serbia. The total thickness of the loess section measured by paleomagnetic experiment is about 55m, and the number of samples measured is 105. MMTD 80 automatic thermal demagnetizer produced by British magnetic measurement company is used for thermal demagnetization of the system, and the residual magnetism measurement is completed on 2g-760 three-axis superconducting magnetometer. All samples were systematically thermally demagnetized at 100 ° C, 150 ° C, 200 ° C, 250 ° C, 300 ° C, 350 ° C, 400 ° C, 450 ° C, 500 ° C, 520 ° C, 550 ° C, 585 ° C, 620 ° C, 630 ° C, 650 ° C, 685 ° C in 16 steps. The mixed demagnetization method was used for 33 samples. Firstly, thermal demagnetization was carried out to 150 ° C, and then alternating demagnetization was carried out. The alternating demagnetization field was 5 MT, 7.5 MT, 10 mT, 15 MT, 20 MT, 25 MT, 30 mT, 35 MT, 40 MT, 45 MT, 50 MT and 60 Mt. Finally, the characteristic remanence results of all samples were obtained by principal component analysis. The experimental analysis was completed in the State Key Laboratory of lithospheric evolution. This data provides further age constraints for the Loess in Serbia and is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / Paleoenvironment in southeastern Europe.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set is composed of paleomagnetic analysis data of Huining loess profile on the Loess Plateau of China. The total thickness of Huining loess profile measured by paleomagnetic experiment is about 130 meters, and the number of samples measured is 200. MMTD 80 automatic thermal demagnetizer produced by British magnetic measurement company is used for thermal demagnetization of the system, and the residual magnetism measurement is completed on 2g-760 rock superconducting magnetometer. The experimental analysis was completed in the State Key Laboratory of lithospheric evolution. This data provides further age constraints for the Loess in Huining area of the Loess Plateau of China, and is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / Paleoenvironment in the west of the Loess Plateau.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set is composed of photoluminescence dating data of loess profiles in Luochuan (35 ° 43 ′ n, 109 ° 25 ′ E) and Xuyi (118 ° 39 ′ e, 32 ° 51 ′ n) in China, including the results of photoluminescence chronology of 45 samples. Among them, the luminescence chronology of 21 samples from Luochuan section of the Loess Plateau of China uses the potassium feldspar monolithic regeneration method (SAR) multi-step temperature rise post IR IRSL (met pirir) dating technique; The study on the luminescence chronology of 24 samples in Xuyi section is that 8 samples are based on the photoluminescence dating of 4-11 micron quartz particles according to the standard monolithic regeneration method (SAR) measurement process, and 8 samples are based on the infrared luminescence dating of 4-11 micron multi mineral fine particles heated to 225 ℃ (pir225) according to the monolithic regeneration method measurement process, And 8 samples based on the infrared luminescence dating of 4-11 micron multi mineral fine particles heated to 290 ℃ (pir290) according to the single chip regeneration method measurement process. The instrument used for the photoluminescence dating of Luochuan and Xuyi loess profiles is RIS ø thermoluminescence / photoluminescence dating instrument made in Denmark. The experimental analysis was completed in the Department of Geosciences of the University of Hong Kong and babes Bolyai University in Romania. The data provide further age constraints for the Loess in Luochuan and Xuyi, China, and are of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / Paleoenvironment in the two regions.
HAO Qingzhen
The semi quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate parameters such as Paleoprecipitation and paleotemperature in the Loess Plateau of Serbia and China in the past 1 million years is completed based on the magnetic susceptibility climate conversion function of loess established on the topsoil through the comprehensive magnetic susceptibility data of tiel stari slankamen loess profile in Serbia and Xifeng loess profile in the Loess Plateau of China in the past 1 million years. It is of great significance to study the difference and relationship of climate behavior characteristics (duration, amplitude, variability, etc.) between East Asian monsoon area and westerly affected area at different time scales during interglacial period with different temperature increase amplitude.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set consists of clay mineral analysis data of stari slankamen loess profile in Serbia. Using x'pert Pro MPD powder X-ray (XRD) manufactured by panalytical company in the Netherlands, we carried out clay mineral determination and Analysis on the comprehensive profile of stari slankamen loess at an interval of about 10-20 cm. The total thickness of the profile is about 41 meters and the number of samples is 279. The reproducibility of the scanning angle of the instrument is ± 0.0001 degrees. The experimental analysis was completed in Shandong Key Laboratory of tourism, resources and environment, Taishan University. This data reflects the change characteristics of clay minerals in the long-term loess sequence in Serbia, and is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / Paleoenvironment in southeastern Europe.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set is composed of principal and trace element analysis data of different particle size components of stari slankamen loess comprehensive profile in Serbia. There are two sets of particle size samples in total. One set is divided according to the Uddin Wentworth particle size standard. A single sample is divided into six particle size samples, which are < 2 μ m、2-4 μ m、4-8 μ m、8-16 μ m、16-32 μ M and 32-63 μ M component, 102 samples in total; The other set divides a single sample into < 10 μ M and 10-63 μ M two components, a total of 52 samples. The contents of major and trace elements in each sample were determined by Axios wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) manufactured by panalytical company and nexion300d inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) manufactured by Perkin Elmer company, The experimental analysis was completed in the Key Laboratory of Cenozoic geology and environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of analysis and testing, Beijing Institute of geology, China nuclear industry. The data can be applied to determine the particle size effect of element geochemical indexes of loess in the westerly affected area, and has important guiding significance for loess provenance discrimination and paleoclimate research by using element geochemical indexes.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set is composed of environmental magnetic analysis data such as non hysteresis remanence (ARM) and saturated remanence (SIRM) of the comprehensive loess profile of titel stari slankamen, Serbia. The total thickness of the composite section of titel stari slankamen loess is about 56m. We used 2g-760 rock superconducting magnetometer to measure and analyze the non hysteresis remanence (ARM) and saturated remanence (SIRM) at an interval of about 10 cm. The number of samples measured is 579. The experimental analysis was completed in the State Key Laboratory of lithospheric evolution. The data reflect the variation characteristics of magnetic properties of loess sequences in Serbia in recent one million years, which is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / Paleoenvironment in southeastern Europe.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set is composed of paleoweathering intensity analysis data of titel stari slankamen loess comprehensive section in Serbia. The analysis data of paleoweathering intensity include the percentage of free iron oxide and total iron oxide. The ratio of the two is one of the indexes widely used in soil science to evaluate the degree of soil chemical weathering. Free iron oxide and total iron oxide were extracted by CBD (sodium bisulfite sodium citrate sodium bicarbonate solution) method and hf-hno3-hclo4 acid dissolution method respectively, and determined on GGX-600 atomic absorption spectrometer. The total thickness of the profile is about 56m. Free iron oxide and total iron oxide are measured and analyzed at an interval of about 5cm. The number of samples measured is 683 and 622 respectively. The experimental analysis was completed in the Key Laboratory of Cenozoic geology and environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This data reflects the variation characteristics of paleoweathering intensity of loess sequence in Serbia in recent one million years, and is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / Paleoenvironment in southeastern Europe.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set consists of chromaticity analysis data of Luochuan and Xifeng loess profiles on the Loess Plateau of China. We have carried out chromaticity measurement and Analysis on Luochuan and Xifeng loess profiles at an interval of about 5 cm. The total thickness of the profiles is about 57M and 86m respectively, and the number of samples is 1138 and 1726 respectively. The instrument used is the cm-700d spectrophotometer manufactured by Konica Minolta company in Japan. The experimental analysis was completed in the Key Laboratory of the Cenozoic Institute of Geology and environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This data reflects the variation characteristics of chromaticity parameters of loess sequence in the central part of the Loess Plateau in recent one million years, and is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / paleoenvironment of the Loess Plateau.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set is composed of chromaticity analysis data of titel stari slankamen loess comprehensive profile in Serbia. Using the cm-700d spectrophotometer manufactured by Konica Minolta, Japan, we carried out chromaticity measurement and Analysis on the comprehensive section of titel stari slankamen loess at an interval of about 5 cm. The total thickness of the section is about 56 meters and the number of samples is 1128; Using cary5000 UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer, we carried out chromaticity measurement and Analysis on the comprehensive profile of titel stari slankamen loess at an interval of about 10 cm. The number of samples measured was 565. The experimental analysis was completed in the Key Laboratory of Cenozoic geology and environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of lithospheric evolution. The data reflect the variation characteristics of chromaticity parameters of loess sequence in Serbia in recent one million years, which is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / Paleoenvironment in southeastern Europe.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set consists of grain size analysis data of Huining loess profile on the Loess Plateau of China. We have carried out particle size determination and Analysis on the loess profile at an interval of about 5 cm. The total thickness of the profile is about 231m, and the number of samples is 5329. The instrument used is Mastersizer 3000 laser diffraction particle size analyzer manufactured by Malvern Instruments Co., Ltd. in the UK, and the measurement range of the instrument is 0.01 ~ 3500 μ m. Each sample is counted for about 10 seconds, and the accuracy is better than 1%, the repeatability is better than 0.5%, and the reproducibility is better than 1%. The experimental analysis was completed in Shandong Key Laboratory of tourism, resources and environment, Taishan University. This data reflects the variation characteristics of grain size parameters of loess sequence in Huining area of Loess Plateau of China in recent two million years, and is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / paleoenvironment of Loess Plateau.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set is composed of grain size analysis data of middle and upper samples of titel stari slankamen loess comprehensive profile and stari slankamen loess profile in Serbia. Among them, the total thickness of tiel stari slankamen loess comprehensive section is about 56m, and the middle and lower part of stari slankamen loess section (l6-s9) is below 43.1m; The thickness of the middle and upper part of the stari slankamen loess profile is 29.7m, including the stratum s0-s5. We have carried out particle size determination and Analysis on the comprehensive section of titel stari slankamen loess at an interval of about 5 cm, and the number of samples measured is 1120; Grain size determination and analysis were carried out on the middle and upper part of stari slankamen loess profile at an interval of about 10 cm, and the number of samples measured was 296. The instrument used is LS 13320 laser diffraction particle size analyzer manufactured by Beckman Coulter company of the United States, and the measurement range of the instrument is 0.375 ~ 2000 μ m. During the measurement, the sample suspension is in circulation. Each sample is counted for 5 ~ 10 seconds and 1000 times per second. The relative error of parallel samples is less than 1.5%. The experimental analysis was completed in the Key Laboratory of Cenozoic geology and environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This data reflects the variation characteristics of grain size parameters of loess sequence in Serbia in recent one million years, and is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / Paleoenvironment in southeastern Europe.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set consists of magnetic susceptibility analysis data of Huining loess profile on the Loess Plateau of China. It includes one main section and two last interglacial loess sections. The total thickness of the main section is about 271m, and the thickness of the two last interglacial loess sections is about 21m and 24m respectively. We have carried out magnetic susceptibility measurement and Analysis on the above loess profile at an interval of about 5cm. The number of low-frequency magnetic susceptibility samples measured are 5336, 436 and 484 respectively. The instrument used is bartington MS2 magnetic susceptibility instrument made in Britain. The experimental analysis was completed in the Key Laboratory of Cenozoic geology and environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This data reflects the variation characteristics of low-frequency magnetic susceptibility of loess sequence in Huining area of Loess Plateau of China in recent two million years, and is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / paleoenvironment of Loess Plateau.
HAO Qingzhen
This data set is composed of the magnetic susceptibility analysis data of the middle and upper samples of the titel stari slankamen loess comprehensive profile and the stari slankamen loess profile in Serbia. Among them, the total thickness of tiel stari slankamen loess comprehensive section is about 56m, and the middle and lower part of stari slankamen loess section (l6-s9) is below 43.1m; The thickness of the middle and upper part of the stari slankamen loess profile is 29.7m, including the stratum s0-s5. We have carried out magnetic susceptibility measurement and Analysis on the comprehensive section of titel stari slankamen loess at an interval of about 5cm. The number of low-frequency magnetic susceptibility samples and high-frequency magnetic susceptibility samples is 1129; Magnetic susceptibility measurement and analysis were carried out on the middle and upper part of stari slankamen loess profile at an interval of about 10cm. The number of low-frequency magnetic susceptibility samples and high-frequency magnetic susceptibility samples were 297. The instrument used is bartington MS2 magnetic susceptibility instrument made in Britain. The experimental analysis was completed in the Key Laboratory of Cenozoic geology and environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This data reflects the variation characteristics of low-frequency magnetic susceptibility and high-frequency magnetic susceptibility of loess sequence in Serbia in recent one million years, and is of great significance for the study of paleoclimate / Paleoenvironment in southeastern Europe.
HAO Qingzhen
The dataset is from the transient experiment TRN40ka in Zhang et al (2021, Nature Geoscience), spanning 40ka-32ka BP with changing orbital parameters. For detailed description of experimental design, please refer to the original paper. Model details: COSMOS (ECHAM5-JSBACH-MPI-OM), a comprehensive fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM), is used to generate the dataset. The atmospheric model ECHAM5, complemented by the land surface component JSBACH, is used at T31 resolution (∼3.75°), with 19 vertical layers. The ocean model MPI-OM, including sea-ice dynamics that is formulated using viscous-plastic rheology, has a resolution of GR30 (3°×1.8°) in the horizontal, with 40 uneven vertical layers.
ZHANG Xu
1) In this paper, lichnomesopyche Ren, labandeira, and Shih, 2010, are systematically revised. 2) The fossil material is from the Daohugou layer in Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. The image of the fossil is made with Canon camera and V20 microscope, and PS software. 3) The morphological revision of lichnomesopyche is based on five well preserved fossils from the middle layer of Daohugou bed. 4) The results show that the male genitalia of Chrysopa longicornis is the key feature of species classification.
FU Yanzhe
1) This paper reports a new Middle Jurassic progonocimicid bug from Northeast China, named Cicadocoris parvus. 2) The fossils come from the middle layer of Daohugou bed of Haifanggou Formation in Daohugou area, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. The images of fossils are obtained by using V16 microscope, the plates are made by using PS software, and the line drawings and maps are drawn by using CDR software. 3) The fossil material consists of 40 in total, including 21 males, 12 females and 7 unknown sex, which are preserved in the gray tuffaceous shale in the middle layer of Daohugou bed、 4) In this paper, the detailed morphological measurements of the new species and show that they are the dominant species in the Jurassic Daohugou biota.
FU Yanzhe
1) This paper reports a new genus and species of Sinoalidae, named Stictocercopis wuhuaensis. 2) The fossils are from Daohugou area, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. The V16 microscope and scanning electron microscope are used to take photos. The PS software is used to make plates and the CDR software is used to draw line drawings. 3) The new genera and species are based on three fossils and, preserved in tuffaceous shale in the middle layer of Daohugou bed. 4) In this paper, the palaeobiodiversity and morphological diversity of sinoalid in the Jurassic Daohugou biota have been increased. It is suggested that there was a radiation evolution event in the early Jurassic.
FU Yanzhe
1) This paper reports a new fossil assemblage of sinoalid at the top of the Jurassic Daohugou bed, summarizes the distribution and evolution of the froghoppers in the Daohugou biota, and reveals the paleoecological significance. 2) The fossil material comes from the top layer of Daohugou bed. V16 microscope is used to photograph the fossils, PS software is used to make plates, and CDR software is used to draw line drawings and map. 3) A total of 12 fossils of the sinoalids are well preserved in the gray tuffaceous shale. 4) This paper summarizes the assemblage characteristics of sinoalids in different layers from bottom to top of the Jurassic Daohugou biota, and analyzes the distribution, evolution and paleoecological significance of the Cercopoidea.
FU Yanzhe
1) This paper reports a fossil palaeontinid from the upper Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation in China and its paleobiogeographical significance; 2) The fossils come from the Linglongta layer in the Guancaishan section of Jianping County, western Liaoning Province, China; The images of fossils were imaged by V16 microscope, the plates were made by PS, and the line drawings were drawn by CDR software; 3) The new species is based on one well-preserved fossil palaeontinid; 4) This paper compares the new species with the palaeontinid from Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan and Chita area of Russia in detail, providing paleontological evidence for the closure time of the Okhotsk Sea.
FU Yanzhe
1) This paper describes a new species of Sinoalidae from the Daohugou biota of Middle to Late Jurassic, revises the synonym jiania, and proves the correlation between the Daohugou fossil bed and the Jiulongshan Formation in Luanping. 2) The fossil materials come from Daohugou area, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Mongolia in the Middle to Late Jurassic of China. The images of the fossils are imaged by V16 stereomicroscope, the plates are made by PS software, and the line drawings are drawn by CDR software. 3) The new species is based on two fossils, which are preserved in tuff shale. 4) This paper proves the stratigraphic correlation between Daohugou bed and Jiulongshan Formation in Luanping, Hebei Province from the perspective of biostratigraphy.
FU Yanzhe
This study selected Lugu Lake in Southwest China to reconstruct the continuous precipitation isotope data in Indian monsoon region since the past 28 Ka based on the long-chain n-alkane hydrogen isotope. The results show that the precipitation hydrogen isotope is gradually positive in 28-15 Ka, negative in 15-10 Ka, and gradually positive again after 10 Ka. Three Millennium scale (H2, H1 and YD) isotope bias events were recorded. The reconstructed results of hydrogen isotope of precipitation in this study are very consistent with the variation of oxygen isotope of stalagmites in Indian monsoon region and East Asian monsoon region, which indicates that the physical process of precipitation isotope variation since the last glacial maximum in Asian monsoon region should be similar. By comparing the results of trace21ka model, it is concluded that the precipitation isotope in monsoon region is controlled by the intensity of monsoon trough, which provides a specific physical explanation for the monsoon intensity.
ZHAO Cheng
Based on the analysis of brgdgts and hydrogen isotopes of leaf wax in lake sediments from Tengchong Qinghai (tcqh) in Yunnan Province, this study shows for the first time the high-resolution annual average temperature change history of low latitude land since the last glacial period (since the last 88000 years). According to the annual average temperature of South Asia established by tcqh core, there are two warm periods of 88000-71000 years and 45000-22000 years in this region, and the temperature range is about 2-3 ° C. Since the Holocene, the temperature has been increasing for about 1-2 years ° C。
ZHAO Cheng
In this study, the beilianchi lake of Liupanshan in the Loess Plateau of northern China was selected to quantitatively reconstruct the high resolution (~ 30yr) warm season temperature series of northern China in the past 5000 years based on the gdgts index and the fitting equation established by reanalysis of global lake surface sediment gdgts data. In the past 5000 years, the overall temperature in northern China showed a downward trend, in which the temperature of 3000 bc-200 ad decreased slowly by ~ 0.5 ℃ and then decreased rapidly by ~ 4 ℃ after 200 ad, accompanied by four Millennium scale cold events of 2-3 ℃. At the same time, we reconstructed the monsoon precipitation changes since the middle late Holocene by using the single hydrogen isotope in the same borehole sediments. The monsoon precipitation in northern China showed a downward trend in the past 5000 years, accompanied by three obvious 100 year scale strong precipitation drought fluctuations.
ZHANG Can
The samples were collected from the suobcha section of Wenquan area, South Qiangtang sag, Qiangtang basin, Tibet. The carbon isotope data were measured by thermo Finnigan mat-253 carbon isotope mass spectrometer at Beijing Institute of uranium geology, CNNC. The mass extinction event of the Late Triassic is relatively poorly-known among the five major extinction events in the Phanerozoic. Moreover, the typical marine Triassic-Jurassic (T-J) records are absent in regions other than the western Tethys and Boreal realms, and thus major questions remain as to the global significance and cause(s) of the event. Especially in the eastern Tethys, no marine sedimentary records of the T-J transition are known from open marine facies, and thus the extent and significance of the marine T-J transition are unclear. We show the first high-resolution carbonate carbon-isotope record, geochemistry, palaeontologic and lithological data from a marine T-J section (Wenquan section). In the columnar profile, we place the T-J boundary at the top of grainstone layers representing the shallowest water deposit. Our results reveal that the carbonate carbon-isotope record contains two different excursions in the Wenquan section of northern Tibet, China. These are consistent with the “initial” and “main” negative carbon-isotope excursions (CIEs) found in the global stratotype section and point (GSSP), strongly suggesting their global nature. A biological crisis together with paleoceanographic changes was identified near the main CIE. This means that a mass of isotopically light carbon was rapidly released into the air and oceans, resulting in environmental changes and biological crisis.
HU Fangzhi
In this paper, we review evidence for a major biotic turnover across the Oligocene/Miocene in the Tibetan Plateau region. Based on the recent study of six well-preserved fossil sites from the Cenozoic Lunpola and Nima basins in the central Tibetan Plateau, we report a regional changeover from tropical/subtropical ecosystems in the Late Oligocene ecosystem (26–24 Ma) to a cooler, alpine biota of the Early Miocene (23–18 Ma). The Late Oligocene fossil biota, comprising of fish (climbing perch), insects and plants (palms), shows that the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau was a warm lowland influenced by tropical humidity from the Indian Ocean. In the Early Miocene, the regional biota became transformed, with the evolution and diversification of the endemic primitive snow carp. Early Miocene vegetation was dominated by temperate broad-leaved forest with abundant conifers and herbs under a cool climate, and mammals included the hornless rhinoceros, Plesiaceratherium, a warm temperate taxon. This dramatic ecosystem change is due to a cooling linked to the uplift of Tibetan region, from a Late Oligocene paleo-elevation of no greater than 2300 m a.s.l. in the sedimentary basin to a paleo-elevation of about 3000 m a.s.l. Another factor was the Cenozoic global climatic deterioration toward to an ice-house world.
DENG Tao
The data set contains the magnetism, grain size, geochemical element, chromaticity and organic carbon isotope data of 119 topsoils in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, southern Tibetan Plateau; contains the age, magnetism, grain size, geochemical element, chromaticity and organic carbon isotope data of the five aeolian sedimentary sections in this region; and contains chronological data of 36 aeolian sediments, provenance data of 46 samples from different sediments, and Sr-Nd isotopic data of 21 samples from different sediments. The magnetic susceptibility was measured using a Bartington MS2 metre with a dual-frequency sensor; The anhysteretic remanent magnetization was induced by LDA-5 demagnetizer, and was measured using a JR-6A Minispin magnetometer; The grain size was measured by Malvern Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer; The geochemical element was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer; The chromaticity was measured by CM-700d spectrophotometer; The organic carbon isotope was determined by element analyzer-stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS); Optically stimulated luminescence measurements were conducted using an automated Risø-TL/OSL-DA-20 reader; For the AMS14C and Sr-Nd isotope measurements, please refer to the main body of the scientific research report. The data set is rich in information, authentic and reliable, and provides an important data reference for understanding the physical and chemical properties of surface dust, provenance, and the long-term evolution history of ancient dust in Yarlung Zangbo River basin, southern Tibetan Plateau. Funded project: The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition Program (STEP), Task 6 Topic 2 "Dust aerosol and its climatic and environmental effects" (2019QZKK0602).
XIA Dunsheng, YANG Shengli, YANG Junhuai, WANG Shuyuan, LING Zhiyong, WANG Fei
In this paper, the data of carbon 14 dating and optical luminescence of a lacustrine sediment profile in nanmucuo lake of zari in the south of Qinghai Tibet Plateau are analyzed. The data are tested by automatic optical luminescence dating instrument and accelerated mass spectrometry. The optical luminescence experiment is carried out in Qinghai Salt Lake Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the carbon 14 dating experiment is carried out in beta Laboratory of the United States. The data are reliable. This data reveals the lake evolution process of South mucuo Lake in zari in the past 5000 to 2000 years. Moreover, it is proved that the PL age is more reasonable than the C 14 age. In addition, it has a good application value in the study of the evolution process of the "ancient Pan Lake" in the hinterland of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the regional climate and environmental changes.
LIU Xiangjun
In the summer of 2019, the surface sediments of Nam Co, Wuru Co, Gren Co, Qiago Co, Dazz Co, Saibu Co, Gomang Co, Guomang Co, Bamu Co, Nurma Co, Nariping Co, Zhi Co, Jiang Co, Daru Co and Yueqia Co lakes in Nam Co and Siling Co area were collected by grab. The lake sediments were brought back to the laboratory and frozen, and then put into the freeze dryer for freeze drying, The freeze-dried samples were ground to powder by agate mortar, and then the samples were tested by XPert3 Powder X-ray diffraction method. Based on the analysis of Highscore Plus0 software, the content of each major mineral was obtained. The results show that the main minerals in this area are stalagmite, aragonite, calcite and illite.
MENG Xianqiang
The influence of deformation and metamorphism of post volcanic massive sulfide on the trace elements and sulfur lead isotopic composition of sulfide is still unclear. The Keketale VMS Pb Zn (- Ag) deposit provides an opportunity to solve the above problems; Five ore samples from No.7 and No.9 orebodies were crushed and screened for lead isotope analysis of bulk minerals, 17 polished thick sulfide samples were used for in-situ trace element and sulfur lead isotope analysis, 66 trace element determination points were analyzed, and 25 sulfur isotope points were determined; A total of 18 point pairs of different minerals were selected for lead isotope analysis, and LA-ICP-MS method was used
YU Pengpeng, ZHENG Yi
This data set comes from papers: Cui, A.N., Lu, H.Y., Liu, x.q., Shen, C.M., Xu, D.K., Xu, b.q., Wu, n.q., 2021. Tibetan Plateau precision modulated by the periodically coupled western and Asian Mongolia. Geophysical research letters, 48, Based on the advantage of accurate dating of the annual laminar sediments of the lake Kusai in the northern Tibetan Plateau, the authors analyzed the changes of plant sporopollen species in the area around the lake Kusai in the past 1656 years (350-2006) with high resolution (~ 5-year resolution), Based on 735 representative soil sporopollen assemblages and meteorological interpolation data within 800 km of Lake Kusai and its surrounding areas, a high-precision sporopollen annual precipitation conversion function was established to quantitatively reconstruct the precipitation and annual mean temperature changes in the past 1656 years. This data set provides a reference for studying the past climate change law and predicting the future climate change trend of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
LV Houyuan
The data sets contains the content of fungal spores and (Ce+Fa/Po+Fa) ratio data from Gonghai Lake (38°54′N, 112°14′E, altitude 1860 m) in northern China over the past ~2000 years. We calculated pollen (Ce+Fa/Po+Fa) ratio of 321 samples and we identified the fungal spores of 216 sedimentary samples to reconstruct changes in cultivation and grazing intensity over the past ~2,000 years in northern China. Time-series analysis reveals that the arable farming phases had a longer periodicity than the grazing phases, possibly because of the greater resilience of the former to climate change and the attachment of agriculturalists to their land. Our findings potentially help improve our understanding of the impact of land use on soil degradation. The data is stored in Excel format.
HUANG Xiaozhong, ZHANG Jun
The surface palynological data in this dataset are from the East Asian palynological database（ http://eapd.sysu.edu.cn/database/ And the surface pollen data of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The precipitation data of surface soil palynological points were obtained from the annual average precipitation data of 126 meteorological stations in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas (Xinjiang, Gansu, Sichuan) from 1950 to 1980 (the data came from China Meteorological Science Data Sharing Service Network) http://www.data.ac.cn/xiazai/ ）Because topography has a great impact on climate change, Therefore, in ArcGIS, the uneven distribution of annual precipitation data of meteorological stations is transformed into grid data on the surface of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau by Kriging spatial interpolation method, and the precipitation grid data of the surface palynological point can be regarded as the actual precipitation data of the point. By using the method of transformation function, the representative surface palynological types are selected, and the linear regression between them and modern climate is established. The fossil Palynological Assemblages are substituted into the regression equation to obtain paleoclimate parameters. Using the modern analogy method (MAT), assuming that the relationship between vegetation types and climate in the past is corresponding, we can compare the sporopollen spectrum of the strata indicating vegetation types with that of the present representative soil to reveal the similarity between them. Then we can get the corresponding precipitation data of the strata sporopollen by matrix operation with the modern precipitation data of the corresponding points.
HOU Guangliang
The site data of this data set comes from the prehistoric archaeological investigation report of Hexi Corridor compiled and published by Gansu Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology and Peking University School of Archaeology and culture in 2011. Map data comes from the national science and technology infrastructure platform -- National Earth system science data sharing service platform（ http://www.geodata.cn/ ）Including: 90 m resolution DEM of China; China 1:250000 first, third, fourth and fifth river classification data sets; 1 ∶ 4000000 vegetation data set of China; 1 ∶ 100000 desert data set in China. By sorting out the archaeological survey data of Hexi Corridor, applying the methods of cultural distribution boundary value and cultural center of gravity, this paper comprehensively analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution process of ancient culture in this area, and extracts the current environment (elevation, river, vegetation and sand) information of corresponding sites by using GIS technology, It also analyzes the driving mechanism of the evolution of ancient culture in the region. This data set can directly provide some regular support for the ancient and modern evolution of the sites in Hexi corridor.
HOU Guangliang
In July 2017, our team carried out field vegetation quadrat survey and livestock manure sample collection in Henan and Zeku counties. Random sampling 100 m × 5 ~ 10 pieces of unweathered excrement of the same grazing livestock in 100 m area were mixed into a sample and sealed for preservation. A total of 49 livestock manure samples were collected, including 30 yak (bosgrunniens), 11 horse (Equus ferus cabellus) and 8 sheep (Ovis aries). GPS was used to locate each sampling point, and the vegetation community and main vegetation types within the sampling point were recorded. The dry weight of each sample was 2 g. before sample treatment, 1 Lycopodium spore (27637) was added to each sample ± 563 grains per tablet were used to calculate the sporopollen concentration. Remove the calcareous cement with 10% HCl, after 200 μ The larger particle size of plant residues was removed by M sieve, and the organic matter was removed by 10% KOH in water bath at 70 ℃; Then 40% HF was added to remove the silicate. Finally, 7 μ The sporopollen was enriched by nylon sieve, cleaned and preserved in glycerin. The identification of sporopollen was carried out under 400 times optical biological microscope with reference to the sporopollen morphological atlas and literature. Tilia software was used to draw the sporopollen percentage map. The principal component analysis of sporopollen data was carried out by using canoco5.0 software. This data not only provides new research ideas and means for evaluating grazing livestock feeding habits and the impact of animal husbandry activities on regional vegetation in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, but also provides important modern process basis and reference data for carrying out pollen analysis of fecal samples preserved in archaeological sites in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the future, so as to reconstruct the information of ancient vegetation communities and ancient human production activities.
HOU Guangliang
The data set includes the characteristics of ancient glacial sediments, such as grain size characteristics, sporopollen characteristics, environmental indicators of chemical elements, mineral characteristics of sediments, etc. Table 1 shows the analysis of five samples collected from the red moraine of Q2, which shows that the grain size characteristics of different ages are the difference of grain size distribution caused by weathering strength. The earlier the moraine is formed, the farther the grain size characteristics of the moraine are from the typical moraine facies. According to Tang Lingyu's (1984) analysis of spores and pollen in lignite (Table 2), there are many clouds and firs, but there are many warm loving Castanea, Liquidambar and Quercus, which indicates that the mountain is dark coniferous cold temperate to warm temperate vegetation, while the piedmont plain is warm temperate or even mountain subtropical vegetation, and its altitude is not very high. The sporopollen analysis data of four surface soil samples and Q31 and q32 moraine samples from high to low altitude on the east slope of Gongga mountain show that the SPOROPOLLEN ASSEMBLAGES OF Q31 and q32 moraines are not significantly different from those at present (tables 3 and 4). The chemical elements of moraine samples were analyzed by icpq plasma analyzer. The results show that the other 18 elements can reflect the weathering degree in different degrees except Fe2O3, which is too influenced by local lithology to retrieve the information of age and weathering degree. There are 28 fine-grained samples, and the results are summarized in the table below. The analysis results of Hengduanshan moraine samples are shown in Table 6. It can be seen that there is little difference in the most stable mineral content of the Moraine in different periods. The mineral characteristics of the Moraine in this area clearly reflect the relationship between it and weathering time. It is hoped that through the geochemical study of the temporal and spatial sequence of glacial deposits, the indicator of element migration can be established for the study of Quaternary glacial environment in China.
LI Jijun
Relationship between modern pollen and climate, and its representative to vegetation are the important references in explaining and reconstructing past climate and vegetation qualitatively or quantitatively. To extrct past climate and vegetation signals from fossil pollen spectrum of a lacustrine sediment, a corresponding modern pollen dataset collected from lake-sediment surface is necessary. At present, there are a few modern pollen datasets extracted from lake sediment-surface established on the Tibetan Plateau, however, the geographic gaps (e.g. the central and east Tibetan Plateau) of available sampled lakes influence the correct understanding. To ensure the even distribution of the representative lakes, we collected lake sediment-surface samples (n=117) covering the alpine meadow evenly on the east and central Tibetan Plateau, in July and August 2018. For pollen extraction, approximately 10 g (wet original sediment) per sample were sub-sampled. Pollen sample was processed by the standard acid-alkali-acid procedures followed by 7-μm-mesh sieving. More than 500 terrestrial pollen grains were counted for each sample. Pollen assemblages of the dataset from alpine meadow are dominated by Cyperaceae (mean is 68.4%, maximum is 95.9%), with other herbaceous pollen taxa as commen taxa including Poaceae (mean is 10.3%, maximum is 87.7%), Ranunculaceae (mean is 4.8%, maximum is 33.6%), Artemisia (mean is 3.7%, maximum is 24.5%), Asteraceae (mean is 2.1%, maximum is 33.6%), etc. Salix (mean is 0.4%, maximum is 5.3%) is the major shrub taxon in these pollen assemblages, while arboreal taxa occur with low percentages generally (mean of total arboreal percentages is 0.9% (maximum is 5.8%), including mainly Pinus (mean is 0.3%, maximum is 1.8%), Betula (mean is 0.1%, maximum is 0.9%) and Alnus (mean is 0.1%, maximum is 0.7%). These pollen assemblages represent the plant components well in the alpine meadow communities, although they are influenced slightly by long-distance pollen grain transported by wind or river (such as these arboreal pollen taxa). Together with pollen counts and percentages, we also provided the modern climatic data for the sampled lakes. The China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD; gridded near-surface meteorological dataset) with a temporal resolution of three hours and a spatial resolution of 0.1° was employed, and the climatic data of the nearest pixel of one sampled lake was defined to represent climatic conditions of the lake. Finally, the mean annual precipitation (Pann), mean annual temperature (Tann) and mean temperature of the coldest month (Mtco) and warmest month (Mtwa) are calculated for each sampled lake.
CAO Xianyong, TIAN Fang, LI Kai, NI Jian
This dataset is derived from the paper: Tang, H. et al. (2020). Early Oligocene vegetation and climate of southwestern China inferred from palynology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 560, 109988. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109988 This data is part of Supplementary data of the paper, maily contains: Supplementary table 1) Pollen percentages, which were calculated using the collected pollen samples. Supplementary table 2) Plant functional types (PFTs) for the reconstructed paleovegetation of three sites : Wenshan (Early Oligocene), Jianchuan (Early Oligocene) and Lühe (Late Eocene). Recently, in the town of Lühe, central Yunnan, SW China, a new fossil-bearing section was found and dated as early Oligocene (~33–32 Ma) according to U-Pb isotope of volcanic tuff. The fossil-bearing section totals about 18 m in thickness. Fifty-five pollen samples were collected vertically throughout this Lühe town section. For each sample, 2–2.5 g of sediment were treated with KOH (10%,) HCl (10%) and HF (39%), then sample residues were sieved through a 5 μm nylon mesh in an ultrasonic tank. Spore and pollen grains were identified using both a light microscope (LM, Leica DM1000 microscope) and a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Single grains were picked up by a capillary tube and then transferred to a copper stub, coated with gold and observed with a Zeiss EVO LS10 SEM. At least 300 pollen grains were counted for each sample under the LM at ×400 magnification. Then the pollen percentages were calculated using the sum of total terrestrial pollen. The paleovegetation was reconstructed following the method described by Prentice et al., 1996, Prentice and Jolly, 2000 and Ni et al. (2010). The paleobiomes were reconstructed by comparing the similarity of the palaeoflora with modern plant functional types (PFTs), according to the data published by Ni et al. (2010). The similarity between the palaeoflora and modern PFTs data was explored using Euclidean distances (Prentice et al., 1996) and the Jaccard Index Coefficient (Pound and Salzmann, 2017). The Jaccard Index Coefficient in the R package “clusteval” was used here to calculate the similarity. The palaeoflora was assigned to the biome with the highest similarity scores, taking into account dominant or key taxa.
TANG He
Guided by the theory of plate tectonics, paleogeography, petroliferous basin analysis and sedimentary basin dynamics, we have collected a large number of data and achievements of geological research and petroleum geology in recent years, including strata, sedimentation, paleontology, paleogeography, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, structure, oil and gas (potash) geology and other basic materials, especially paleomagnetism, Paleogene Based on the data of detrital zircon and geochemistry, combined with the results of typical measured stratigraphic sections, the lithofacies and climate paleogeographic pattern of Cretaceous were restored and reconstructed, and two lithofacies paleogeographic maps of early and late Cretaceous of Pan tertiary and two climate paleogeographic maps of early and late Cretaceous of Pan tertiary were obtained, aiming at discussing the influence of paleogeography, paleostructure and paleoclimate In order to reveal the geological conditions and resource distribution of oil and gas formation, and provide scientific basis and technical support for China's overseas and domestic oil and gas exploration deployment.
LI Yalin
This is Northern Hemispheric (NH) annual near-surface temperature dataset during the past millennium with a 2° spatial resolution, which is produced using the paleoclimate data assimilation approach with EnSRF method, MPI-ESM-P model and 396 multi-proxies from the PAGES2k Consoritum. This dataset agrees well with several observational temperature datasets during the instrumental period, and has a similar level of reliability as the Twentieth Century Reanalysis which assimilates surface pressure observations. In addition, the dataset shows a high level of agreement with previous proxy-based reconstructions (average correlation of annual mean NH temperatures is r = 0.61). The dataset can be used to study the temperature variability over the NH and some regions of the NH during the past millennium (1000-2000 AD).
FANG Miao, LI Xin, CHEN Hans , CHEN Deliang
Here we present a record of Holocene lake hydrodynamic intensity based on the grain size of suspended lacustrine silt isolated from the sediments of Bosten Lake. The larger the size of the suspended lacustrine silt, the stronger the hydrodynamic intensity of the lake at that time, that is, the larger the inflow and outflow, the higher the water level of the lake, and vice versa. The data can be used to indicate the evolution of lake hydrodynamics since Holocene, and provide theoretical support for the study of climate, hydrology and water resources changes in the region. This method is only suitable for the analysis of lake sediments with open basin and stable sedimental environment, and it is not suitable to use this method when the sedimentary facies changes greatly.
XIE Haichao
1) Data content: Paleomagnetic data, magnetic index data, major element percentage data and chemical weathering index can establish the paleomagnetic age framework of the Dahonggou section and restore the precipitation change and chemical weathering history in geological history. 2) Data sources and processing methods The data source is experimental data. Paleomagnetic data: a cylindrical sample of 2x2x2cm was drilled with a small gasoline drill and measured with a low-temperature superconducting magnetometer in a magnetic shielding room. Magnetic data: the samples collected in the field were ground into fine particles by mortar and put into 2x2x2 non-magnetic plastic box, and tested by kappa bridge susceptibility meter, pulse magnetometer and rotating magnetometer. Mass percentage content and chemical weathering index data of major elements in the whole sample and particle size fraction: firstly, the whole sample and particle size fraction sample were pretreated with acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide to remove carbonate and organic matter, and then pressed into a round cake with a diameter of about 4cm and a thickness of about 8mm by a pressure apparatus, and finally XRF fluorescence analysis was carried out. 3) Data quality The sample collection and experimental processing are carried out according to strict standards, and the data quality is reliable. 4) Data application achievements and Prospects Three SCI papers were published using this set of data, one of which is Ni.
NIE Junsheng
The data include the Cenozoic plant fossils collected from Gansu, Qinghai and Yunnan by the Department of paleontology, School of Geological Sciences and mineral resources, Lanzhou University from 2019 to 2020. All the fossils were collected by the team members in the field and processed in the laboratory by conventional fossil restoration methods and cuticle experiment methods. The fossils are basically well preserved, some of which are horned The study of these plant fossils is helpful to understand the Cenozoic paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, paleogeographic changes and vegetation features of the eastern Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
YANG Tao
The study of fossils in Bangor and Lunpola is of great significance, and the date of fossils is indispensable. There are volcanic tuffs in this area. Zircon can be used for U-Pb age analysis to determine the age of strata and fossils. This data shows the zircon U-Pb age analysis results of tuff samples from bango and Lunpola fossil sites in a graphical way. The figure shows the shape of a large number of zircons, and indicates the age analysis results on different zircon samples. The data show the large sample size used in related research, and the analysis results are also clear. The image display of this data is intuitive and clear, and the results are reliable, which is of great significance to the study of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
SUN Boyang
Paleoecological and paleolimnological studies can provide a long-term perspective on changes in environmental and ecosystem processes. The sediments documented both direct and indirect impacts of climate change and human activities on aquatic ecosystems. The fossils of zooplankton remain and pigments in lake sediments can reflect community structure changes of primary producers and primary consumers. The authors reconstructed the zooplankton and algal community changes during the past 600 years using carapaces of A. tibetiana and resting eggs of D. tibetana and pigments from the sediments of Dagze Co, in the central Tibet Plateau. Using total nitrogen and total phosphorus reconstructed the nutrient changes. These results suggest that algal community structure and changes in production can be attributed to alterations in the zooplankton community, with important implications for Tibetan aquatic ecosystems.
LIANG Jie LIANG Jie
Paleoecological and paleolimnological studies can provide a long-term perspective on changes in environmental and ecosystem processes. The sediments documented both direct and indirect impacts of climate change and human activities on aquatic ecosystems. The fossils of zooplankton remain and pigments in lake sediments can reflect community structure changes of primary producers and primary consumers. The authors reconstructed the zooplankton and algal community changes during the past 600 years using carapaces of A. tibetiana and resting eggs of D. tibetana and pigments from the sediments of Dagze Co, in the central Tibet Plateau. Using total nitrogen and total phosphorus reconstructed the nutrient changes. These results suggest that algal community structure and changes in production can be attributed to alterations in the zooplankton community, with important implications for Tibetan aquatic ecosystems.
LIANG Jie LIANG Jie
This data is the distribution data of the prehistoric era sites on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas, which is derived from the Supplementary Maps of the paper: Chen, F.H., Dong, G.H., Zhang, D.J., Liu, X.Y., Jia, X., An, C.B., Ma, M.M., Xie, Y.W., Barton, L., Ren, X.Y., Zhao, Z.J., & Wu, X.H. (2015). Agriculture facilitated permanent human occupation of the Tibetan Plateau after 3600 BP. SCIENCE, 347, 248-250. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an average altitude of more than 4000m, is the highestand largest plateau all around the world, and also is one of the most unsuitable areas for human life with long-term on the earth. The remains at the archaeological site are direct evidences left behind the ancient human activities. The original data of this data is digitized from the results of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau high-textual census and archaeological survey (Qinghai Volume and Tibet Volume of the Chinese Cultural Relics Atlas). The map was digitized mainly based on the distribution maps of the sites, and the latitude and longitude coordinates and altitude were obtained. a total of 6,950 sites, most of which are distributed in the northern part of the plateau. The age range of the site is between 7000BP and 2300BP. This data set is of reference value for the research on the process and power of human diffusion to the Tibetan Plateau in the prehistoric era and other studies related to human activities in the Tibetan Plateau and the prehistoric era.
DONG Guanghui , LIU Fengwen
The Lunpola Basin distributed in the central part of the Banggong-Nujiang suture belt contains thick and continuous Cenozoic sediments, which have great potential for increasing our understanding of the tectonic uplift, paleoaltimetry, erosion, and depositional history of the Tibetan Plateau and climate environmental evolution. In this study, detailed investigations were carried on a Cenozoic continuous lacustrine sedimentary section, Lunpori (LPR), from the upper sequence of the central basin. Constrained by tie points of U-Pb zircon ages in the layers of tuffs and mammalian fossils of a rhinocerotid humerus, paleomagnetic methods yield ages of ~21.2 to 15 Ma for the section. In addition, we further select some parameters (e.g., magnetic susceptibility and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM)) to establish a high-resolution magnetic record to explore the paleoclimate change. The magnetic susceptibility is measured by Kappabridge while the SIRM is measured by Mini spin and Impulse Magnetizer. The results suggest that magnetic susceptibility (χ) gradually increases during the period of semi-deep to the deep lake but shows a decrease in the stage of the shallow lake. Combining with the maximum values of χ often appearing in the layer of sandstones and no obvious correlation between the χ and SIRM, we preliminarily considered that the supply of detritus may dominate the variation of the χ. Lithofacies, pollen, and fossil records suggest that a relatively temperate, humid climate prevailed in the Lunpola Basin during the sedimentary period of the Dingqinghu Fm.
TAN Mengqi
This data set is composed of two sedimentary profiles of Huangyang river a (altitude: 2447 m, depth: 3.20 m, 37 ° 25 ′ n 102 ° 36 ′ E) and B (altitude: 2454 m, depth: 3.20 m, 37 ° 25 ′ n 102 ° 36 ′ E). Both of them are located in the hilly area at the northern foot of Qilian Mountain, 1km apart. The annual precipitation here is about 500mm, and the annual average temperature is about 2 ℃. The interval between the two slices was 2 cm, and 160 samples were obtained from each slice to analyze the total organic carbon, carbonate content, particle size and other information. The data set is of great significance to the study of paleoclimate / paleoenvironment.
LI Yu
Paleomagnetic Dataset of Zagros forelandbasin in IranPaleomagnetic Dataset of Zagros forelandbasin in IranPaleomagnetic Dataset of Zagros forelandbasin in IranPaleomagnetic Dataset of Zagros forelandbasin in IranPaleomagnetic Dataset of Zagros forelandbasin in IranPaleomagnetic Dataset of Zagros forelandbasin in Iran
SUN Jimin
We have completed the pollen analyses of 252 sedimentary samples from Dahonggou section in Qaidam Basin covering the Cenozoic. Palynomorph extraction followed the routine process with HCl and HF treatments during the extraction. Airborne pollen-charcoal traps and surface-sediment samples from soils were collected to evaluate the relationship between pollen-charcoal contents and vegetation structure, and effect of sedimentary environment conditions on the pollen dispersal and deposition. Combined with pollen-charcoal data from other sections, we are going to establish the fire history spanning the last 30 Ma years, and to discuss the responds and feedbacks of the vegetation and fire to the climate changes. Our work is beneficial to the knowledge of the processes of aridification in Inner Asia and its mechanism. The submitted pollen data set is according to the proposal, and in order to guarantee data accuracy, 20% of the data have been examined in our lab by random sampling method. Data collection and analysis are continued, we hope our work can contribute more to the project in the next few years.
MIAO Yunfa
The marine- and terrestrial-facies sediments from the southern piedmont of the Himalayan margin recorded the tectonic deformation and environmental evolution of the front edge of continental collision. To better understand the deformation mechanism of the southern Himalayan margin and constrain the continental collision age, we selected the three well exposed outcrop profiles from late Cretaceous to middle Eocene strata in the western Nepal and carried on rock magnetism. All the samples for the Palpa section with depth of 120 m had been performed on mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χlf), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM). Meanwhile, the isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) and the hysteresis loops was acquired from the fine sediments, and several important magnetic parameters were determined, including the saturation magnetization (Ms) and saturation remanent magnetization (Mrs).
ZHANG Weilin
Lake sediment is important archive for reconstructing the past climate change, in which the chronological framework of sediments is the basis. Varve is a kind of sedimentary lamina formed in pairs in lake sediments, usually with one year as a cycle. Supported by the projects the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences “Pan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road (Pan-TPE)” and The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research, the authors obtained a 1-meter long sediment gravity core from Jiangco in the central Tibet Plateau, and found well preserved varves. Subsequently, core thin sections were made, and the varve and its thickness were counted and measured to obtain the chronological sequence from 81 A.D. to 2015. The precipitation in this area in the past 2000 years has been reconstructed by using the percentage of coarse-grained layer thickness in the total varve thickness, which represents the precipitation. High resolution and high-precision chronology and precipitation records can provide reliable background of climate and environmental change, and provide reference for paleoclimate simulation and the rise and fall of ancient civilization.
HOU Juzhi
This data set is the hydrogen isotope data of leaf wax from 10 m core of Qinghai Lake in Tengchong, Southeast of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Tengchong Qinghai Lake is a small crater lake in Gaoligong Mountain, Southwest China. Core samples were collected at about 4m in the center of the lake in 2017. Ams-14c dating was used to establish the age series. The n-alkane leaf wax hydrogen isotope was determined and analyzed by Agilent 6890 GC gas chromatograph and Deltaplus XL type chromatography isotope mass spectrometry. The data reflect the information of atmospheric precipitation isotope in this area, and play an important role in the study of monsoon precipitation changes in southwest monsoon region in the past 40000 years. Data acquisition, pre-processing extraction and instrument testing were completed in strict accordance with the relevant operating procedures.
ZHAO Cheng
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