The demonstration data set of automatic plant phenology observer at Heihe Daman station is the corn phenology observation data set collected by the plant phenology observer at Heihe Daman station. The plant phenology observer can collect phenology images through the phenology observation hardware system based on multispectral imager and wireless transmission module, and through online calculation and visual image management Phenological information processing and system control software can realize the automatic identification of key phenological periods at individual and community scales. Through the data collected by the automatic plant phenology observer, the indexes such as vegetation greenness index and NDVI index can be calculated, the change process of key plant phenology can be monitored, and the change law of vegetation phenology can be reflected.
SONG Chuangye, GAO Liyao, WU Dongxiu
This data includes the image data of the second comprehensive field scientific investigation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The image data includes the sample plot photos of the quadrats collected in the nature reserve during the scientific research, the images of forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem and lake ecosystem in the nature reserve in Northwest Yunnan and Western Sichuan, the vegetation situation, wildlife habitat, and the data of animals, plants and fungi in the reserve. In addition, the image data also includes the sample collection process of the scientific research, the household survey of the scientific research team in the community survey and the image data of the interview with the local protection department. The data comes from UAV and camera shooting, which can provide evidence and reference for scientific research.
SU Xukun
This vegetation water content data set is derived from the ground synchronous observation in the Luanhe River Basin soil moisture remote sensing experiment, including 55 sampled plots.The vegetation types involved in these sampled plots include grass, corn, potatoes, naked oats and carrots. The data measurement time is from September 13, 2018 to September 26, 2018.
ZHENG Xingming, JIANG Tao
1) Data content It includes the observation year, latitude and longitude, altitude, ecosystem type and soil layer (soc0-100 (kgcm-2); 0-100 represents soil layer), underground biomass content. 2) Data sources This part of the data is obtained from the literature, specific literature sources refer to the documentation. 3) Data quality description The data cover a wide range, including comprehensive indicators, showing the content of soil organic carbon under different soil layers, with high integrity and accuracy, which can meet the estimation of soil carbon storage of grassland in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. 4) Data application achievements and Prospects It provides basic data for predicting the carbon source sink effect of soil and realizing the sustainable development of ecosystem carbon in the future.
HU Zhongmin
1) Data content It includes the observation year, longitude and latitude, ecosystem type, annual rainfall, drought index, annual net primary productivity, aboveground biomass, underground biomass and other data. 2) Data sources One part is from literature (1980-1995), the other part is from field sampling (2005-2006). 3) Data quality description The data has a long observation year, a large time span, a wide coverage, and many indicators, which has high integrity and accuracy, and can meet the estimation of grassland carbon storage in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. 4) Data application achievements and Prospects It provides basic data for predicting the carbon source sink effect and realizing the sustainable development of ecosystem carbon in the future.
HU Zhongmin
Dataset of biodiversity survey in the urbanized area of Tibetan Plateau mainly includes the survey datasets of waterbird diversity and vegetation diversity in the Qinghai Lake Basin. From July to August in 2020, 24 waterbird observation sites were set up around Qinghai Lake, such as sites located in Ganzi River wetland and Buha River estuary, etc., and the species and population of waterbirds were recorded by telescope observations and drones. Besides, 28 plots (1m×1m) were selected based on the local vegetation types, and elements of vegetation types, frequency and biomass were recorded. Our dataset will support the study of optimizing the ecological security barrier system in the key urbanized areas of the Tibetan Plateau.
CHEN Kelong, CHEN Zhirong
Carrying capacity refers to the carrying capacity of grassland calculated by actual carrying capacity and reasonable carrying capacity, that is, all overloading, balanced and non overloading. This data set includes two products: Grassland carrying capacity pressure index and grassland livestock balance index. Grassland carrying capacity pressure index = actual carrying capacity / reasonable carrying capacity, and grassland livestock balance index = (actual carrying capacity - reasonable carrying capacity) × 100% / reasonable carrying capacity, the actual carrying capacity data comes from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau actual carrying capacity data set (2000-2019), and the reasonable carrying capacity data comes from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau reasonable carrying capacity data set (2000-2019). This data set can analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of livestock carrying status in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, extract overgrazing areas, and evaluate the overload intensity of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which has important application value for ecological protection, monitoring and early warning of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
LIU Bintao
The actual carrying capacity refers to the number of livestock in a certain area of grassland in a certain period of time. The actual carrying capacity is obtained from the statistical yearbooks of the provinces (autonomous regions) and cities (prefectures) of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the statistical data provided by the animal husbandry management departments. In the statistical data, there are a variety of statistical dimensions, such as the number of stocks on hand, the number of stocks on hand, the ratio of stocks on hand, and the number of livestock at the end of the year, etc. Based on the multivariate linear regression between the actual livestock carrying capacity and population density, NPP and topographic relief in the statistical yearbook, the spatial model of actual livestock carrying capacity was established, and the grid data of actual livestock carrying capacity (sheep unit, mu / km2) was obtained. The time series was from 2000 to 2019, and the spatial resolution was 250 meters. Using the statistical data of Guoluo, Yushu, Changdu, Naqu, ABA, Ganzi and Gannan in the core pastoral areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the results show that the average absolute error of spatialization is 27.48 mu / km2, and the average relative error is 13.79%. This data set can analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the actual livestock carrying capacity of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, evaluate the grassland carrying capacity characteristics of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and extract the overgrazing areas, which has important application value for ecological protection, monitoring and early warning of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
LIU Bintao
Reasonable carrying capacity, also known as theoretical carrying capacity, refers to the maximum number of domestic animals that can be carried by a certain grassland area in a certain period of time under the premise of moderate grazing (or mowing) and maintaining sustainable production of grassland to meet the needs of normal growth, reproduction and production of livestock. Based on the MODIS inversion data of forage yield (fresh weight, kg / hm2), the reasonable carrying capacity of grassland (sheep unit, mu / km2) was evaluated according to the code for calculation of grassland carrying capacity and grass livestock balance (DB 51 / t1480-2012) and calculation of reasonable carrying capacity of natural grassland (NY / T 635-2015), The time series is 2000-2019, and the spatial resolution is 250m. This data set can analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the theoretical carrying capacity under the condition of rational utilization of grassland in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, evaluate the carrying capacity characteristics of grassland in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and extract the overgrazing areas, which has important application value for ecological protection, monitoring and early warning of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
LIU Bintao
Grassland yield is an important ecological parameter of grassland, which is an important basis for monitoring grassland productivity, Estimating Grassland reasonable carrying capacity and evaluating grassland carrying status. Based on the grassland data collected in July and August, MODIS NDVI, precipitation and terrain parameters, multivariate statistical equations were established to invert the total grass yield (kg / hm2) and edible grass yield (kg / hm2). The time series is 2000-2019, and the spatial resolution is 250 meters. Based on the data of 50 quadrats distributed in Sichuan, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu and other regions, the results show that the average absolute error of total grass yield is 734.75kg/hm2, and the average relative error is 24.85%. The average absolute error of edible grass yield is 715.81kg/hm2, and the average relative error is 30.52%. Due to the complexity of grassland types, high spatial heterogeneity and scale mismatch between the measured grassland quadrats and MODIS image pixels, this accuracy can meet the requirements of remote sensing monitoring of grassland in large areas. This data set can analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of grassland productivity in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, evaluate the carrying capacity characteristics of grassland in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and extract the overgrazing areas, which has important application value for ecological protection, monitoring and early warning of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
LIU Bintao
The data of grassland resources in Kekexili area of Qinghai Province come from the comprehensive scientific investigation of Kekexili area from May to August 1990. The formation and evolution of flora characteristics are not only related to the evolution of plants, but also strictly restricted by the past and modern ecological conditions. Because of the high cold and drought, the flora of Kekexili area is relatively poor. The grassland in Kekexili area of Qinghai Province is a natural ecosystem which has not been disturbed by human beings. In this system, grass is the material basis for the survival and reproduction of all kinds of herbivorous wild animals and grazing livestock. Therefore, to understand and master the number, quality and distribution characteristics of grassland resources in this area is the basic condition for rational utilization of grassland resources and establishment of nature reserves.
FENG Zuojian
This data set is hyperspectral observation data of typical vegetation along Sichuan Tibet Railway in September 2019, using the airborne spectrometer of Dajiang M600 resonon imaging system. Including the hyperspectral data observed in the grassland area of Lhasa in 2019, with its own latitude and longitude. The hyperspectral survey was mainly sunny. Before flight, whiteboard calibration was carried out; when data were collected, there was a target (that is, the standard reflective cloth suitable for the grass), which was used for spectral calibration; there were ground mark points (that is, letters with foam plates), and the longitude and latitude coordinates of each mark were recorded for geometric precise calibration. The DN value recorded by Hyperspectral camera of UAV can be converted into reflectivity by using Spectron Pro software. Hyperspectral data is used to extract spectral characteristics of different vegetation types, vegetation classification, inversion of vegetation coverage and so on.
ZHOU Guangsheng, JI Yuhe, LV Xiaomin, SONG Xingyang
Grassland actual net primary production (NPPa) was calculated by CASA model. CASA model was calculated with the combination of satellite-observed NDVI and climate (e.g. temperature, precipitation and radiation) as the driving factors, and other factors, such as land-use change and human harvest from plant material, were reflected by the changes of NDVI. CASA NPP was determined by two variables, absorbed photosynthetically active radiation’ (APAR) and the light-use efficiency (LUE). Grassland potential net primary production (NPPp) was calculated by TEM model. TEM is one of process-based ecosystem model, which was driven by spatially referenced information on vegetation type, climate, elevation, soils, and water availability to calculate the monthly carbon and nitrogen fluxes and pool sizes of terrestrial ecosystems. TEM can be only applied in mature and undisturbed ecosystem without take the effects of land use into consideration due to it was used to make equilibrium predications. Grassland potential aboveground biomass (AGBp) was estimated by random forest (RF) algorithm, using 345 AGB observation data in fenced grasslands and their corresponding climate data, soil data, and topographical data.
NIU Ben, ZHANG Xianzhou
This data is the data of automatic weather station (AWS, Campbell company) set up at the top of the mountain in the west slope of Sejila by the comprehensive observation and research station of Southeast Tibet alpine environment of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2016. The geographical coordinates are 29.5919 n, 94.6102 e, with an altitude of 4640 m, and the underlying surface is alpine grassland. The data include daily arithmetic mean data of air temperature (℃), relative humidity (%), wind speed (M / s) and air pressure (MB) and daily accumulated value of precipitation. The original data is an average of 30 minutes before October 2018, and an average of 10 minutes after that. The temperature and humidity are measured by hmp155a temperature and humidity probe. The rainfall instrument model is rg3-m, the atmospheric pressure sensor probe is ptb210, and the wind speed sensor is 05103. These probes are 2 m above the ground. In terms of data quality: the obvious abnormal values are eliminated, the battery is damaged due to snow in the first half of 2019, and the data is missing. The missing temperature data is corrected by using the temperature fitting regression of 43900 m at nearby stations, and the data is yellow. Please pay attention when using it; the monitoring of precipitation starts from August 2019. The data station is a high altitude meteorological station in Southeast Tibet, which will be updated from time to time. It can be used by scientific researchers studying ecology, climate, hydrology, glaciers, etc.
Luo Lun
Based on a large number of measured aboveground biomass data of grassland, the temperate grassland types were divided according to the vegetation type map of China in 1980s Based on the Landsat remote sensing data of engine platform, the random forest model of grassland aboveground biomass and remote sensing data was constructed for different grassland types. On the basis of reliable verification, the annual aboveground biomass of grassland from 1993 to 2019 was estimated, and the annual spatial data set of aboveground biomass of temperate grassland in Northern China from 1993 to 2019 was formed. Aboveground biomass is defined as the total amount of organic matter of vegetation living above the ground in unit area. The original grid value has been multiplied by a factor of 100, unit: 0.01 g / m2 (g / m2). This data set can provide a scientific basis for the dynamic monitoring and evaluation of temperate grassland resources and ecological environment in northern China.
ZHANG Na
Based on a large number of measured aboveground biomass data of grassland, the temperate grassland types were divided according to the vegetation type map of China in 1980s Based on the Landsat remote sensing data of engine platform, the random forest model of grassland aboveground biomass and remote sensing data was constructed for different grassland types. On the basis of reliable verification, the annual aboveground biomass of grassland from 1993 to 2019 was estimated, and the annual spatial data set of aboveground biomass of temperate grassland in Northern China from 1993 to 2019 was formed. Aboveground biomass is defined as the total amount of organic matter of vegetation living above the ground in unit area. The original grid value has been multiplied by a factor of 100, unit: 0.01 g / m2 (g / m2). This data set can provide a scientific basis for the dynamic monitoring and evaluation of temperate grassland resources and ecological environment in northern China.
ZHANG Na
The western and northeastern Yunnan is located in the southeast of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Previous genetic studies have shown that there are substantial genetic imprints of late Paleolithic human in this region, and these ancient genetic imprints are likely to spread further to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Therefore, the genetic study of the population in this area is helpful to clarify the migration history of early human settlement in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. In this study, we studied the genetics of Dai people in different areas of Yunnan Province. The mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions of 264 Dai individuals were sequenced by Sanger sequencing. Based on phylogenetic analysis, we control the quality of these data to ensure that there is no sample contamination and other quality problems. According to the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence, the variants were recorded. According to the phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial DNA in the world population (PhyloTree.org), each sample was allocated into certain haplogrop. Based on the published mtDNA data of Dai people in other areas, the maternal genetic structure and formation mechanism of Dai population were systematically studied. The results showed that there was a close genetic relationship among the Dai populations in different regions, and the haplogroups (F1a, M7B and B5a) shared by these populations could be traced back to southern China, suggesting that the Dai population might have originated in southern China and migrated southward to the mainland and Southeast Asia in the Iron or Bronze age. The genetic differentiation of the Dai population in different regions is consistent with the phenomenon that their language and culture have some differences, which indicates that the Dai people and the surrounding populations in the southward migration.
KONG Qingpeng
To investigate the paternal genetic structure of Tibetans from Shigatse, 434 male samples were collected from Shigatse, Tibet. Firstly, SNP genotyping was performed to allocate samples into haplogroups. To further evaluate the genetic diversity of the major Y-chromosomal haplogroup in Tibetan populations from Lhasa, eight commonly used Y-chromosomal STR (short tandem repeat) loci (DYS19, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393) were genotyped using fluorescence-labeled primers with an ABI 3130XL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA). The results indicated that haplogroup O-M175 displayed highest frequency in Shigatse Tibetans (47.00%, the majority of its sublineages were O2-M122), followed by haplogroups D-M174 (40.78%, with most of the samples belonging to D-P47 (20.97%) and D-N1(16.82%)). Another relatively rare lineages in Shigatse Tibetans were C-M217 (1.84%), R1a1- M17 (1.61%), N1-LLY22G (5.76%), Q-M242 (0.69%). In combination with the data from Lhasa that released in 2019, our Y chromosome data of Tibetans from different locations on the Tibetan Plateau will be very helpful to understanding the paternal genetic structure of Tibetans. Moreover, the genetic history of Tibetans can also be dissected by phylogeographic and coalescent analyses.
KONG Qingpeng, QI Xuebin
We obtained the whole genome variation data of 30 Tibetan individuals. The SNP typing of 30 samples was carried out by DNA array method, and about 700000 loci (including nuclear genome, mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome) of each sample were obtained. First, after extracting genomic DNA, DNA amplification, enzymatic fragmentation, precipitation and re suspension were carried out. After the sample was incubated overnight and hybridized with beadchip, the DNA was annealed to obtain a site-specific 50 mer probe, covalently coupled with an Infinium bead type. Then Infinium XT was used to extend the enzyme base to give the allele specificity, and then fluorescent staining was carried out. The fluorescence intensity of the beads was detected by iSCAN system, and the Illumina software automatically performed the analysis and genotype recognition. Finally, the SNP typing results of each sample were obtained. Based on the above data, relevant biological information analysis (mainly including chip site quality control analysis, Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplotype analysis) was carried out. This data is helpful to analyze the genetic structure of Tibetan population from the perspective of nuclear genome, Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA. By comparing with the data of people around the plateau, we can trace the migration and settlement history of the plateau population comprehensively.
KONG Qingpeng
1) Data content: the data are field sampling data of fence project, including sample number, grassland type, survey County, survey location, project type, project start time, "longitude (° E)", "latitude (° n)", "altitude (m)", "total coverage (%)," average height (CM) ", aboveground biomass (g / m2), underground biomass (g / m2), and total biomass (g / m2), 2) Data source: field sampling data 3) Data quality: high quality. 4) Data application prospects: it will be of great significance for promoting the development of local animal husbandry and improving the local economic benefits by deeply exploring the grassland fence project on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. In terms of the expected results, the Qinghai Tibet Plateau grassland fencing project will achieve remarkable results in protecting grassland and restoring regional vegetation productivity. The implementation of the project provides a broader space for the development of regional animal husbandry, and ensures the stable growth of local farmers and herdsmen's income and regional economy. In addition, the implementation of the project ensures and supports the normal production and life of Tibetan herdsmen, and realizes the stable development of grassland protection and animal husbandry production of herdsmen in the pastoral areas, which is of great significance for maintaining the overall stability of Tibet society and promoting the sound and rapid development of Tibet.
HONG Jiangtao, WANG Xiaodan
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