Combined with the field investigation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the existing literature, this data set summarizes the species list as well as their geographical distributionof pitvipers in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, including Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou. There are 24 species of pitvipers in Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, belonging to 8 genera. The number of species distributed accounts for 67% of the total number of pitvipers in China, and 7 species are endemic to the region. In Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Tibet, there are 13 species of pitvipers in Yunnan, and 7 species in Tibet and Chongqing. The data set can provide important data for the biodiversity catalogue of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas.
GUO Peng
1) data content: including the morphological and reproductive life history data of four lizards, i.e. Phrynocephalus vlangalii, Phrynocephalus przewalskii, Eremias argus and Eremias multiocellata, and the physiological and ecological data of indoor and outdoor activity temperature, selection temperature, tolerant high temperature and tolerant low temperature, which is helpful to understand and analyze the physiological and ecological characteristics of typical lizards. 2) data source and processing method: Based on the indoor and outdoor experiments of typical lizards on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and pan third pole from 2013 to 2019, the data of physiological and ecological indicators of lizards in the field and the data of reproductive life history of pregnant lizards were recorded. 3) data quality description: the lizard indoor and outdoor data collectors are all graduate students, who have been trained strictly to ensure the quality of the collected data. 4) data application achievements and prospects: Taking the typical lizards in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas as the object, focusing on the impact of climate change on the thermal regulation behavior and reproductive life history of lizards, obtaining the physiological and ecological change characteristics of lizards under the climate change conditions is helpful to simulate and analyze the response trend of lizards distribution and population change under the climate warming environment.
ZENG Zhigao
Anthropogenic global climatic changes (GCC) are threatening the biodiversity. To better protect the biodiversity of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), better prediction of the impacts of GCC is essential. Based on long time field surveys and throughly literature studying, we obtained distribution data for 12 endemic amphibian and reptile species of QTP. To control the quality of the data, we only used the species distribution points with genetic data. We build species distribution using the maximum-entropy approach (Maxent). Then we predicted the distribution of potential suitable habitats in future. Our studies are important in biodiversity conservation
CHE Jing
This data is the spatial distribution map of ecological shelters in Nursultan, the capital of Kazakhstan in 2018. The types of features in the map mainly include shelter forests, roads, buildings, lakes and rivers. The data source is four sentinel images in August 2018, with a resolution of 10 meters. At the same time, overlay the vector map of OSM global features. The data set is more accurate after correction. Through visual interpretation and field investigation, the extraction of shelter forest spot has high precision. The data reflects the spatial distribution of urban ecological shelters in Nursultan, the capital of Kazakhstan. At the same time, it has an important reference value for the long-term monitoring of the spatial and temporal pattern of shelter forests.
WANG Yongdong
1) data content: including class, order, Chinese name of family, Latin name of family, Chinese name of genus, Latin name of genus, Latin name of species, Chinese name of species, country, province and distribution area; 2) data source and processing method: record species composition and distribution range of freshwater Amphipoda in the Tibetan Plateau and pan third pole field based on scientific research from 2000 to 2019; 3) data quality description : the sampling and testing personnel have been trained strictly in the laboratory. In the process of sample collection, it shall be kept at low temperature and delivered to the laboratory within the specified time. In the process of laboratory analysis, the samples are determined repeatedly to ensure the quality of test data. 4) data application achievements and prospects: Taking the dominant group of Amphipoda in the Tibetan Plateau as the research object, focusing on the theme of the impact of climate and environmental change on biodiversity and the response of organisms to environmental change, obtain the species number, distribution and genetic data of Amphipoda in the water system of the Tibetan Plateau and the pan third polar lakes.
HOU Zhonge
1) data content: distribution map of Amphipoda in the Tibetan Plateau; 2) data source and processing method: based on the list of Amphipoda in Tibetan and its basic database of distribution, including longitude and latitude, altitude, and the ArcView software has been used to make the distribution map of Amphipoda in the Tibetan Plateau; 3) data quality description: sample collection, longitude and latitude, altitude information are checked to ensure the quality of distribution data, all analysts have received strict training in the laboratory; 4) data application achievements and prospects: comprehensively analyze the distribution data, species diversity and genetic diversity of Amphipoda in Tibetan Plateau, discuss the impact of climate change on Amphipoda diversity and the response of Amphipoda to environmental change from the perspective of evolution and genetics, and provide scientific basis for biodiversity assessment and ecological protection in the Tibetan Plateau; 5) legend: brown circles for samples from Tian Shan, pink circles for samples at north side of the Yarlung Zangbo River with diversification age of 2-4 Ma, greeen triangles for samples at south side of the Yarlung Zangbo River with diversification age of 4-6 Ma, yellow circles for samples from Himalayas with diversification age around 3 Ma, orange square for samples from Hengduan Mt. with diversificaiton age of 5-7 Ma, blue circles for samples from east of the Tibetan Plateau.
HOU Zhonge
The data set recorded one belt, one road area, 65 countries, and 1990-2015 years' forest area. Data source: Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site. The food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations provides detailed information on forest coverage and estimates the adjusted forest coverage. The current survey uses a unified forest definition. The data reflect one belt, one road, the rich forest resources in the countries along the border, and it is one of the important bases for determining the forest management and development and utilization policy. The dataset contains one data table: forest area (square kilometers).
XU Xinliang
The data includes the county-level data of characteristic agriculture distribution in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which lays the foundation for the spatial distribution and development of characteristic agriculture in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The data comes from the planning documents of each province in the Tibetan Plateau region, such as the development plan of the characteristic agricultural products base of the Tibetan Plateau (2015-2020). The data is the distribution of characteristic agriculture at the county level, including four kinds of agricultural products: highland barley, yak, sheep and wolfberry. The spatialization of main agricultural products of characteristic agriculture at the county level is realized. The time range is set to 2015-2020, referring to the planning and construction time of characteristic agriculture in each province in the data source. The data can be applied to the research on the spatial distribution of characteristic agriculture and the development of characteristic agriculture in the future.
SHI Wenjiao
The data set of bacterial diversity in Tibetan soil provides the microbial distribution characteristics of the soil surface (0-2 cm) of the Tibetan Plateau. The samples were collected from July 1st to July 15th, 2015, from three types of ecosystems: meadows, grasslands and desert. The soil samples were stored in ice packs and transported to the Ecological Laboratory of the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research in Beijing. The DNA from the soil was extracted using an MO BIO Power Soil DNA kit. The soil surface samples were stored in liquid nitrogen after collection, shipped to the Sydney laboratory, and then extracted using a Fast Prep DNA kit. The extracted DNA samples adopted 515F (5'-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3') and 909r (5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3') to amplify the 16S rRNA gene fragments. The amplified fragments were sequenced by the Illumina Miseq PE250 method, and the raw data were analyzed using Mothur software. The sequences with poor sequencing quality were first removed; the sequences were sorted, and the chimeric sequences were removed. The similarities between the sequences were then calculated, the sequences with similarities above 97% were clustered into one OTU, and the OTU representative sequence was defined. The OTU representative sequence was compared with the Silva database and identified as level one when the reliability exceeded 80%. The microbial diversities in these data on the Tibetan Plateau were systematically compared, which made them significant to the study of the microbial distribution on the Tibetan Plateau.
JI Mukan
Microbial diversity data of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. One hundred and thirty-eight samples were collected from July 1st to July 15th, 2015, from 28 lakes (Bamco, Baima Lake, Bange Salt Lake, Bangong Lake, Bengco, Bieruozeco, Cuoeco, Cuoe (Pingcuo North), Dawaco, Dangqiongco, Dangreyongco, Dongco, Eyacuoqiong, Gongzhuco, Guogenco, Jiarebuco, Mapangyongco, Namco, Nieerco (Salt Lake), Normaco, Pengyanco, Pengco, Qiangyong, Selinco, Wuruco, Wumaco, Zharinanmuco, and Zhaxico). The salinity gradients range from 0.07-118 ppm. The DNA extraction method: The DNA was extracted using an MO BIO PowerSoil DNA kit after the lake water was filtered onto a 0.45 membrane. The 16S rRNA gene fragment amplification primers were 515F (5'-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3') and 909r (5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3'). The sequencing method was Illumina MiSeq PE250, and the raw data were analyzed by Mothur software, including quality filtering and chimera removal. The sequence classification was based on the Silva109 database, and archaea, eukaryotic and unknown source sequences have been removed. OTUs were classified by 97% similarity, and sequences that appear once in the database were then removed. Finally, each sample was resampled to 7,230 sequences/sample. GPS coordinates, evolutionary information, and environmental factors are listed in the data.
JI Mukan
The glacial bacterial resource database of the Tibetan Plateau provides the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of several glaciers, which are seven glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau separated by an experimental group led by Yongqin Liu during 2010 to 2018 (East Rongbuk Glacier of Mt. Qomolangma, Tianshan Glacier No.1, Guliya Glacier, Laohugou Glacier, Muztagh Ata Glacier, Qiyi Glacier and Yuzhufeng Glacier), the Malan Glacier separated by Shurong Xiang and the Puruogangri Glacier separated by Xinfang Zhang. After the glacier samples were collected, they were taken to the Ecological Laboratory of the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing and the National Cryosphere Laboratory in Lanzhou. After applying the spread plate method, the samples were cultured at different temperatures (4-25 °C) for 20 days to 90 days, and single colonies were picked out for purification. After the DNA was extracted from the isolated bacteria, the 16S ribosomal RNA gene fragment was amplified with 27F/1492R primer and sequenced using the Sanger method. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence was compared with the RDP database using the "Classifier" software and identified as level one when the reliability exceeded 80%. These data contain the 16S ribosomal RNA gene fragment sequence and glacier sources of each sequence. Compared with sequences based on high-throughput sequencing, these data have a longer sequence and more accurate classification and can better serve in glacier microbiology research.
JI Mukan
The Antarctic and Arctic bacterial distribution data set provides distribution characteristics of bacteria in the Arctic and Antarctic. The collection period of the samples was from December 13,2005, to December 8,2006; 52 samples were obtained from 3 Arctic regions (Spitsbergen Slijeringa, Spitsbergen Vestpynten, and Alexandra Fjord_Highlands), and 171 samples were obtained from 5 Antarctic regions (the Mitchell Peninsula, Casey station main Power house, Robinsons Ridge, Herring Island, and Browning Peninsula). The soil surface samples were stored in liquid nitrogen after collection, shipped to a Sydney laboratory, and extracted using the FastPrep DNA kit. The extracted DNA samples were processed by 27F (5'-GAGTTTGATCNTGGCTCA-3' and 519R (5'-GTNTTACNGCGGCKGCTG-3') to amplify the 16S rRNA gene fragments. The amplified fragments were sequenced by the 454 method, and the raw data were analyzed by Mothur software. First, the sequences with poor sequencing quality were removed, the sequences were then sorted, and the chimera sequences were removed. The similarities between the sequences were calculated, the sequences with similarities above 97% were clustered into one OTU, and the OTU representative sequence was defined. By comparison with the Silva database, the OTU sequences with reliabilities greater than 80% were identified as level one. This data system compared the diversity of microorganisms in the eastern Antarctic with that in the Arctic and is of great significance for the study of the distributions of microorganisms in the Antarctic and Arctic.
JI Mukan
Based on Sanger sequencing technology, we sequenced Hypervariable segments (HVS) of mitochondrial genomes of 258 individuals from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (Northwestern Yunnan). Quality control was conducted based on phylogenetic analysis, which has been proven to be of great help in distilling potential problems such as artificial recombination. By combining mitogenome data from literature, we analyzed the genetic landscape of populations in this region, with special attempts to unravel what kind of factors played the most important roles in this process. Results indicated substantial genetic components that could be traced back to Paleolithic period, likely representing the genetic legacy of initial settlers in southern East Asia. More components, which are prevalent in East Asians, especially in northern China, could also be observed, probably related to the migration of millet farmers from northern China into southwestern China.
KONG Qingpeng
1. The grassland animal husbandry production and management policies in the study area from 1954 to 2012 mainly include: 1) the time series of the formation and evolution of various policies; 2) the key policies related to herdsman's livestock activities and grassland management and utilization. 2. Residents' perception and response to pastoral socio-economic development policies, grassland management systems, ecological compensation policies, ecological restoration projects, and ecological environment status quo.
ZHAO Chengzhang
Based on previous herpetological surveys of Xizang plateau from 2010-2018, we collected additional information that included population size, diversity and distribution range for specific amphibian and reptile groups. We selected species belonging to genera Ranidae, Megophryidae, Rhacophoridae, Dicroglossidae, Gekkonidae, Agamidae, Colubridae as model species for study. Following species’ response to environmental changes, we obtained data on population size and distribution range. Our study therefore serves as guide for assessment of biodiversity pattern and mapping out key areas of conservation in Xizang plateau.
CHE Jing
Based on our field works in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) from 2008 to 2018, and combining data from previous studies, we obtained genetic data of all widely distributed amphibian and reptile species in QTP. Meanwhile, our data covered the whole ranges of all the species. To answer the question: ‘How climatic changes influenced animals of QTP?’, we rebuild the demographic history and analyzed how Quaternary climatic changes impacted animals. Then, we identified the locations of refugia. After constructing spatial pattern of genetic diversity, we identified genetic hotspots which needs more conservation effects. These results are important in biodiversity conservation in QTP.
CHE Jing
This dataset comprises fossil specimens of Cenozoic mammal collected from Tibetan Plateau and surrounding area, such as Suerkal Basin in A-erh-chin Mountains, Tabenbuluk in Gansu Province, during 2018-04-01 to 2018-10-01. Most of the specimens were collected in surface of section, part were excavated from shallow strata. All of the specimens were sent to Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, cleaned by technician and photographed with digital camera. The specimens are well-preserved and can be easily observed on important characters of the individuals they belong to. The specimens of this data set are all new ones unstudied, and very important for research on mammalian evolution and reconstruction of paleoecology and paleoenvironment in Tibetan Plateau and surrounding area.
WU Feixiang
Based on field surveys in the Tibetan Plateau and the Arid Central Asia from 2007 to 2018, along with strengthened cooperation with domestic and foreign colleagues, the species diversity and distribution database of toad-headed agamas (Phrynocephalus) and racerunner lizards (Eremias) in the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent Alashan Desert was built. The toad-headed agamas and racerunners are excellent representative genera/species to serve as indicators for climate change in Asian interior arid zone. In order to understand how climate change and geological events infulence the diversfication of species, and how, in turn, lizards adapt to ecological changes, the richness of species and related distributional data were collected. The species diversity and distribution patterns may be analysed based on this dataset. This dataset can be used to evaluate the species diversity and to provide a cornerstone for biodiversity conservation.
GUO Xianguang
Based on "Chinese Animals" (Animalia- Chordata-Reptilia-Lacertilia), "Tibetan Amphibians and Reptiles", Chinese and English literature published between 2000 and 2018, and field surgery in Tibetan Plateau from 2018 to 2019, the species composition and distribution of the lizard species in this area are recorded. The lizards widely distributed in the altitude gradients of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are studied. This study focus on the effects of climate change on biodiversity and the response of ectotherms to environmental change, and aims at obtaining data of the number and distribution of species. The species were identified according to the "Chinese Animals" ( Animalia-Chordata- Reptilia-Lacertilia). The species diversity and distribution pattern were analyzed according to the elevation, latitude and longitude, etc. to provide a theoretical basis for assessing the biodiversity pattern and formulating the conservation strategy.
ZENG Zhigao
The molecular phylogeny of gammarids was reconstructed based on collections from the Tibetan Plateau. Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh specimens and molecular sequences were acquired by PCR. The phylogeny was reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. Reduced-Representation Genome Sequencing was conducted for 10 individuals per population to explore the population dynamics. Based on the phylogeny of gammarids from the Tibetan Plateau, the effects of climate change will be addressed and the adaptation of gammarids will be discussed. This dataset can be used to evaluate the species diversity and to give a background for biodiversity conservation.
HOU Zhonge
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