The Hindu Kush mountains are tall mountains in Central Asia. The average altitude is about 5000 meters, and the highest peak, tiriqmir peak, is 7690 meters above sea level. It is the watershed between the Indus River in the southwest of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the Amu Darya River in the Pamir Plateau. Studying the genetic structure of the population in this area will help to deeply understand the diffusion history of the population and the genetic basis of adapting to the plateau environment. Studying the genetic structure of the population in this area will help to deeply understand the diffusion history of the population and the genetic basis of adapting to the plateau environment. In this study, we studied the maternal genetic structure of 213 individuals from 5 populations distributed in Xingdu Kush mountains. The mitochondrial genome sequences of 213 individuals (average depth > 1000x) were obtained by mitochondrial genome capture library construction and second-generation sequencing (Illumina hiseq x ten platform). Based on the idea of phylogeny, we control the quality of these data to ensure that there are no quality problems such as sample pollution. The modified Cambridge standard sequence was used as a reference for the output of mutation sites. According to the mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic tree (phylotree. ORG) of people around the world, each sample was divided into haplotype groups. Based on the mtDNA data of modern population and ancient samples published in the past, the origin and diffusion history of population in this area were systematically studied. The results show that the main maternal genetic components of Indo European populations in this region come from western Eurasia. Haplotypes w3a1a and j1b1a1 may be related to the migration of Indo European language groups, indicating that the diffusion of Indo European language groups to South Asia may not only be a simple cultural expansion, but also accompanied by the migration of some people. In addition, the study also shows that northern Pakistan may play an important channel role in the diffusion of Indo European languages to South Asia.
KONG Qingpeng
This data set includes two infrared cameras and environmental parameter data sets of three terrestrial vertebrates deployed in Qilian Mountain reserve. The equipment is deployed near Sidalong in Qilian Mountain reserve, with a time span of (2020.8-2021.10). Due to equipment maintenance and insufficient illumination, some data are discontinuous, but the data of the two equipment can complement each other and reconstruct all the information of observation points in Qilian Mountain reserve from August 2020 to October 2021. One of the two devices is equipped with an infrared camera, which collects 4994 photos, which can be matched with the above sensor photos, or the ecological factor information before and after taking photos. 1. Wild animals and temperature, humidity, light, pressure and network signal strength information in Qilian Mountain reserve. The acquisition interval is once every half an hour 2. Data source: "development of terrestrial vertebrate monitoring equipment", 2016yfc0500104, completed by: Institute of zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, raw data, unprocessed 3. The sensor data acquisition interval is every half an hour. The temperature accuracy is plus or minus 0.1 degrees and the humidity accuracy is plus or minus 0.5%. The photo data is divided into trigger and timing. The trigger data is generally triggered by wild animals in the field of vision of the infrared camera; the timing photo data is dynamically adjusted according to the battery power, and the acquisition interval is between 1-12 hours. 4. This data can be used to record the ambient temperature in the reserve. Combined with the infrared camera data, it can be used to analyze the activity rhythm of wild animals, coexistence analysis and distribution limiting factors.
QIAO Huijie
This data set includes three land vertebrate infrared cameras and environmental parameter data sets deployed in Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park. The equipment is deployed at two locations in the National Park, with a time span (2020.8-2021.6). Due to equipment maintenance and insufficient illumination, some data are discontinuous, but the data of the three equipment can complement each other and reconstruct all the information of the observation points in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park from August 2020 to June 2021. Two of the three devices are equipped with infrared cameras, which collect 216 photos and 1239 photos respectively, which can match with the above sensor photos or the ecological factor information before and after taking photos. 1. Wild animals, temperature, humidity, light, pressure and network signal strength information in the forest area of tiger and leopard National Park. The acquisition interval is once every half an hour 2. Data source: "development of terrestrial vertebrate monitoring equipment", 2016yfc0500104, completed by: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, raw data, unprocessed 3. The sensor data acquisition interval is every half an hour. The temperature accuracy is plus or minus 0.1 degrees and the humidity accuracy is plus or minus 0.5%. The photo data is divided into trigger and timing. The trigger data is generally triggered by wild animals in the field of vision of the infrared camera; the timing photo data is dynamically adjusted according to the battery power, and the acquisition interval is between 1-12 hours. 4. This data can be used to record the ambient temperature in the reserve. Combined with the infrared camera data, it can be used to analyze the activity rhythm of wild animals, coexistence analysis and distribution limiting factors.
QIAO Huijie
The ecological resource consumption data set of Tibet includes the ecological resource consumption data of 2000-2019 at the provincial, city and county levels. According to the actual situation of Tibet, ecological resource consumption mainly refers to the amount of ecological resources consumed in agricultural and animal husbandry production activities. The calculation of ecological resource consumption is based on grain production data, livestock stock data and livestock product production data, combined with the evaluation method of human appropriation the net primary productivity (HANPP), convert biomass data into carbon content data, and then calculate the ecological resource consumption. Ecological resource consumption data is the basic data for the study of ecological pressure and ecological carrying capacity, which can directly reveal the pressure of human agricultural and animal husbandry production activities on the ecosystem.
YAN Huiming
In order to analyze how and when vines entered the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and to explore the relationship between the spread and domestication of vines on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the plateau settlement and ancient Silk exchanges of early human activities, the research team conducted genome sequencing and de sequencing of the whole genome of self bred F1 varieties of Brassica rapa in Nangqian County of Qinghai Province in June 2018 The size of the assembled genome was 409.69 MB and contig N50 was 1.21 MB. This result can provide a genetic basis for studying the relationship between plant dispersal and human activities. At the same time, this study will help to reveal the effects of artificial domestication and human selection on the genetic differentiation of the plant and the adaptive mechanism of the plant to the plateau ecological environment.
DUAN Yuanwen
Based on the high-quality genomic sequence analysis, the high-quality genome sequences can be obtained. Therefore, through this technology, the project team divides the sequences in the genome sequence sketch into groups that are consistent with the chromosome number of the species, and determines the order and orientation of all sequences in each group. After that, we can combine the reference vines genome, transcriptome assembly sequence (EST sequence), related species and genetic map data The accuracy of grouping and the sequence and direction between sequences were evaluated.
DUAN Yuanwen
This vegetation water content data set is derived from the ground synchronous observation in the Luanhe River Basin soil moisture remote sensing experiment, including 55 sampled plots.The vegetation types involved in these sampled plots include grass, corn, potatoes, naked oats and carrots. The data measurement time is from September 13, 2018 to September 26, 2018.
ZHENG Xingming, JIANG Tao
Net primary production (NPP) is the basic resource to maintain the life of human and heterotrophic organisms. It is the basic index to measure the structural characteristics and carrying capacity of ecosystem. In this study, the total primary production (GPP) data of 2015 based on the vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM) was used to calculate the NPP data by calculating the ratio of autotrophic respiration. The data can be used to analyze the spatial pattern of vegetation productivity in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which is of great significance to the ecological protection of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
YAN Huiming
Based on the combined morphological, osteological characters and molecular phylogeny, we describe a new species of the genus Elaphe that was discovered from the south slope of the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi, China, namely Elaphe xiphodonta sp. nov. It is distinguished from the other congeners by a combination of the following characters: dorsal scales in 21-21-17 rows, the medial 11 rows keeled; 202–204 ventral scales, 67–68 subcaudals; two preoculars (including one subpreocular); two postoculars; two anterior temporals, three posterior temporals; reduced maxillary teeth and dentary teeth number (maxillary teeth 9+2, dentary teeth 12; sharp cutting edges on the posterior or posterolateral surface of the rear maxillary teeth and dentary teeth; dorsa head yellow, three distinct markings on head and neck; a distinct black labial spot present in supralabials; dorsum yellow, 46–49 complete (or incomplete) large black-edged reddish brown blotches on body and 12–19 on tail, two rows of smaller blotches on each ventrolateral side; ventral scales yellow with mottled irregular black blotches, a few irregular small red spots dispersed on middle of ventral. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, the new species forms the sister taxon to E. zoigeensis. The discovery of this new species increases the number of the recognized species of the genus Elaphe to 20.
SHI Jingsong
The data are phytoplankton data of 61 sites in 23 lakes in Tibetan in 2019. The sampling time is from August to September in 2019. The sampling method is conventional phytoplankton sampling method. During the sampling process, 1 liter of water sample is collected, fixed by Lugo's solution, static sedimentation, siphon concentration, and inverted microscope is used for identification. The data include 6 phyla, such as Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, cyanobacteria, Pyrrophyta, Euglenophyta and Cryptophyta, and different phytoplankton species. The data is the original data, which has not been processed, and the unit is individuals / L. The data can be used to characterize the composition and abundance of phytoplankton in the open water area of these lakes, and can also be used to calculate the diversity of phytoplankton community in these lakes.
ZHANG Min
Using adenosine content as a quality index of O. sinensis, we developed a comprehensive niche modelling approach to predict the spatial pattern of O. sinensis quality. Based on distribution and quality data for O. sinensis from published field work and experimental data, we separately built a comprehensive habitat suitability model to identify suitable habitats and a spatial quality model to map the adenosine content pattern in O. sinensis. The final model result was defined as the product of the results of the two models. Via this modelling process, we analysed the adenosine content in O. sinensis under baseline climates and different scenarios of future climate change.
GUO Yanlong
The data includes: zooplankton species list; zooplankton density; microscopy; high-throughput sequencing; complete data; constructing an original data set for lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Zooplankton is an indispensable link in lake water ecological investigation, and it is a link between the system The location of the food web is an important carrier for the material circulation and energy flow of the food web. The systematic investigation and study of the composition and biodiversity of the zooplankton in the lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is particularly important for understanding the stability and resilience of the lake ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In addition, Zooplankton are very sensitive to environmental changes, and changes in their structure and functional groups can indicate the intensity and magnitude of environmental pressure.
LI Yun
This data includes the benthos data of 21 lakes around Selinco and Namco in 2019. The sampling mainly uses bottom trawl in the littoral zone and Ekman collector in the deep-water area. After integrating the materials obtained by the two ways, the relative abundance of benthos data of each lake is given. The main benthos species are Gammarus, water beetles, and chironomid larvae. However, the frequency of Gastropoda and Ostracoda is low, which may be related to the sampling sites. The data further divided different types of benthos into 21 taxa, which improved the recognition accuracy and cognitive range and would provide a reference for the assessment of aquatic animal diversity and fishery resources in plateau lakes.
TANG Hongqu
In order to evaluate and construct the rapid identification system of DNA barcodes for agricultural and pastoral insects, and put forward reasonable suggestions for sustainable utilization, from 2019 to 2020, this project carried out routine DNA extraction and identification of natural enemies of Hymenoptera, such as Hemiptera, bee pollinators, Lepidoptera, parasitic wasps, weevil and other natural enemies of groups other than Hymenoptera collected from the main agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Using universal primers for PCR amplification and sequencing, 2000 DNA barcodes were obtained. The data is stored in FAS file. The information of sample species and collection sites was summarized in the information of tissue samples (2020) of the second Qinghai Tibet scientific expedition (2019qzk0501).
QIAO Gexia
As a rare and endangered animal in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the study of its population genetic diversity, population structure, population dynamics and key influencing factors is of great value to climate change and human disturbance in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. In order to clarify the population dynamics and the key influencing factors of two kinds of snow chickens (Tibetan snow chicken and Himalayan snow chicken), based on the 3S (GPS, GIS and RS) theory of line survey technology, this sub project recorded and collected the distribution information of two kinds of snow chickens in the Qilian Mountains in July 2020, and used the maximum entropy, random forest and other statistical models to infer the species distribution. Complete the collection of genetic resources, population survey and habitat assessment of two kinds of Snowcock in Qilian Altun mountain area. This data set contains species, scientific name, longitude and latitude, survey area, investigator and survey date information.
ZHANG Lixun
We used satellite tracking technology to track some wintering populations of black necked Crane. After catching the black necked Crane with the foot buckle method, we fixed the tracker with backpack method. The total weight of the tracker is 45g, accounting for less than 1% of the weight of the black necked Crane. After flying, we get the tracking data of the black necked Crane by sampling comments of one activity point per hour, and draw these data on the map, so as to obtain the activity track of the black necked Crane during the winter. The results showed that the selection of wintering sites for black necked cranes was highly stable. Preliminary analysis showed that there was a strong link between wintering sites and breeding sites. Strong migration connectivity indicates that black necked cranes are more vulnerable to environmental changes. These results suggest that it is important to strengthen the protection of overwintering habitat. At the same time, we need to take a variety of methods to monitor the population health and dynamics of black necked Crane. This data set contains species name, location, time, longitude and latitude, altitude, speed, temperature and other information.
WU Heqi
Plateau Zokor (Eospalax) Baileyi is an animal of mole family and zokor genus. It lives in underground dark closed caves for a long time and does not hibernate. It mainly feeds on the underground roots of plants. It reproduces once a year and produces 1-6 pups per litter. It mainly inhabits in humid river terraces, mountain basins, beaches and Foothills such as alpine meadow, meadow grassland, alpine shrub, plateau farmland and barren slope Slope, only distributed in Western and Northwest China, 2800-4500m above sea level. The plateau zokor distributed in high altitude area not only faces the hypoxia stress of underground cave, but also faces the dual pressure of plateau hypoxia. Long term hypoxic life not only accumulates adaptive mutations in genome sequence, but also reflects adaptive regulation changes in genome structure and gene expression regulation. By analyzing DNA methylation and transcriptome data of Plateau Zokor at different altitudes, we can try to analyze the adaptive evolution and regulation mechanism of Plateau Zokor at the level of apparent regulation and gene expression.
LV Xuemei
The data set contains the rare animal survey data for the Sanjiangyuan area from 2016 to 2017, including the latitude and longitude of the survey site, the length of the sample line, animal discovery time, animal names, quantity, location of the occurrence, type of habitat, affiliated families, etc.
HU Linyong, ZHANG Tongzuo, ZHANG Tongzuo,
Alpine vulture is a unique species of falciformes raptors in China. Its distribution area is not wide, and its population is small and shows a downward trend. The population, distribution, habitat and protection of Alpine vultures in China have not been systematically and comprehensively investigated, and the resource status is unclear. In order to find out the population, habitat and protection status of this species, and to study the behavioral adaptation characteristics of this species to the unique habitat of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, so as to provide scientific support for the effective protection of this species. In Tibet Autonomous Region, the undergraduate team used the method of motor vehicle transect survey to count the number of individuals in a certain time and distance, combined with the method of walking survey to observe the distance from the road into various representative habitats. This dataset contains 15 field observation routes in Tibet in 2019 and 25 in 2020. At the same time, the animals such as Tibetan fox, rock sheep, wolf, Tibetan antelope, Tibetan wild donkey and Tibetan gazelle were recorded. The data includes sample line number, date, start time, end time, start point, end point, weather, and the information of animal name, quantity, distance, behavior and habitat.
MA Qiang
This data includes the soil microbial composition data in permafrost of different ages in Barrow area of the Arctic. It can be used to explore the response of soil microorganisms to the thawing in permafrost of different ages. This data is generated by high through-put sequencing using the earth microbiome project primers are 515f – 806r. The region amplified is the V4 hypervariable region, and the sequencing platform is Illumina hiseq PE250; This data is used in the articles published in cryosphere, Permafrost thawing exhibits a greater influence on bacterial richness and community structure than permafrost age in Arctic permafrost soils. The Cryosphere, 2020, 14, 3907–3916, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3907-2020https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3907-2020 . This data can also be used for the comparative analysis of soil microorganisms across the three poles.
KONG Weidong
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