In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas (Pan third pole area), and clarify its related genetic background. In 2020, we extracted the total DNA from 266 global chicken blood, tissue and other DNA tissue samples, built a database and sequenced the whole genome. At the same time, we downloaded the published chicken genome data, and carried out population analysis of 863 chicken genomes, so as to provide basic data for exploring the historical events of domestication, migration and expansion of domestic chickens in the pan third pole region, and further explore the adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals to harsh environments such as drying. Articles related to this data set have been published. All data in this data set can be downloaded online from fastq, BAM, VCF and SNP files.
PENG Minsheng
We investigated and collected the germplasm resources of cyanine in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, carried out homogenous garden experiments to obtain phenotypic data, used genome sequencing technology to obtain data libraries and construct high-quality reference genomes. Using the re sequencing technology to analyze the structure of the cyanine population, combined with the early human migration and diffusion routes, this paper explores the historical process of the formation of the modern geographical distribution pattern of the cyanine on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. By correlation analysis with phenotypic data, the adaptive mechanism of modern populations of cyanine was analyzed. Understand the environmental differences of the pan third pole and the impact of human activities and cultural differences in different regions on the migration, adaptation and domestication of plants on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from the whole genome level.
DUAN Yuanwen
We investigated and collected the germplasm resources of cyanine in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, carried out homogenous garden experiments to obtain phenotypic data, used genome sequencing technology to obtain data libraries and construct high-quality reference genomes. Using the re sequencing technology to analyze the structure of the cyanine population, combined with the early human migration and diffusion routes, this paper explores the historical process of the formation of the modern geographical distribution pattern of the cyanine on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. By correlation analysis with phenotypic data, the adaptive mechanism of modern populations of cyanine was analyzed. Understand the environmental differences of the pan third pole and the impact of human activities and cultural differences in different regions on the migration, adaptation and domestication of plants on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from the whole genome level.
DUAN Yuanwen
We investigated and collected the germplasm resources of cyanine in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, carried out homogenous garden experiments to obtain phenotypic data, used genome sequencing technology to obtain data libraries and construct high-quality reference genomes. Using the re sequencing technology to analyze the structure of the cyanine population, combined with the early human migration and diffusion routes, this paper explores the historical process of the formation of the modern geographical distribution pattern of the cyanine on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. By correlation analysis with phenotypic data, the adaptive mechanism of modern populations of cyanine was analyzed. Understand the environmental differences of the pan third pole and the impact of human activities and cultural differences in different regions on the migration, adaptation and domestication of plants on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from the whole genome level.
DUAN Yuanwen
The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Task V Theme III "Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plateau Microbial Diversity" (2019QZKK0503) carried out more than 30 field scientific expeditions in the first and second years. Footprints cover most of the Tibetan Plateau, including the investigation of glaciers (such as Qiangyong Glacier, Tanggula Glacier, Everest East Rongbu glacier, Jiemayangzong Glacier, Palung 4 Glacier, etc.), lakes, soils, fungi, lichens, animals in Southeast Tibet, Qiangtang Plateau, Cocosili and Himalayan region. The dataset contains 6,471 photos and videos, including habitat photos, working photos, and scientific images collected during the first and second years of fieldwork.
LIU Yongqin
In 2021， the birds along elevation gradients in Gangrigabu Mountains were investigated by point count method. With a 400-meter elevational gradient, elevation zones were set up in the survey area. Five elevation zones were built in the north slope from TongMai Town to Galong Temple in Bome County, and 8 elevation zones were built in the south slope from Jiefang Bridge to Galongla in Medog County. So that we can make clear about the pattern and maintenance mechanism of bird diversity along elevation gradients in this region. The data of bird diversity and distribution will be used to further explore the key scientific issues such as the impact of climate change on bird diversity and adaptation strategies, and the response and protection strategies of bird species diversity under the global climate change.
WANG Jie
Hoh Xil area is located in the hinterland of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, south of Kunlun Mountain, north of Tanggula Mountain and west of Qinghai Tibet highway. From May to August 1990, the comprehensive scientific investigation team of Kekexili region, jointly organized by the State Science and Technology Commission, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Qinghai provincial government and the State Environmental Protection Bureau, with the strong support of the Qinghai provincial government, carried out a large-scale comprehensive investigation in the region and obtained rich first-hand precious information. Biologists all over the world have realized more and more clearly that the most urgent task at present is to conduct a comprehensive investigation of some species before they are stable or extinct in the natural ecosystem, and the investigation of species diversity is the most critical, because if we do not correctly understand the species in a certain area and their role in the natural ecosystem, it will be seriously damaged Affect the development of other work. Most of the Hoh Xil area in Qinghai Province is still a no man's land. There is almost no investigation and Research on the biodiversity and resources in this area. Therefore, this scientific research is of great scientific significance.
FENG Zuojian
The data of birds in Kekexili area of Qinghai Province are from the comprehensive scientific investigation of Kekexili area carried out from May to August 1990. In the composition of birds, all of them are Palaearctic, and the composition of Qinghai Tibet area accounts for a large proportion, reaching as many as 18 species. Kekexili is closely related to the whole plateau in terms of geological structure or physical and geographical conditions, and its bird composition also reflects The correlation is analyzed. On the one hand, the composition of the Qinghai Tibet region accounts for a large proportion; on the other hand, the local habitat formed by its special location is extremely arid, which makes it difficult for the composition of the Qinghai Tibet region to extend into its hinterland; on the other hand, the composition of the Inner Mongolia new area is difficult to adapt due to the high temperature and cold, which makes the bird species, distribution and population in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau extremely low Different from other areas of the plateau, Hoh Xil area has always been an uninhabited area, lacking zoological data, which is conducive to the study of Hoh Xil area.
FENG Zuojian
Plateau medicine and human physiology research in Kekexili area of Qinghai Province, the data are from the comprehensive scientific investigation of Kekexili area carried out from May to August 1990. With the human marching into the plateau area, plateau medicine, a main branch of environmental medicine, is quietly rising. Although the research of plateau medicine has gone through more than a century (1987), many mechanisms remain unresolved. Medical scientists have organized academic mountaineering for many times to carry out Alpine medical investigation (West JB, 1982; Wu T, y, 1992). However, most of them are limited to observing the changes of the internal environment of the aircraft through the intense movement of climbing mountains, which is far from the daily life and labor of human beings on the plateau. After almost all the mountains in the world have been conquered by human beings, there are still a few highland hinterlands that have not been set foot in. Hoh Xil is such a "no man's land" on the earth. The magical color and adventurous career are attracting brave explorers. The effects of high altitude hypoxia, low temperature, low humidity and strong ultraviolet on human body are the most attractive research fields in Applied Physiology.
FENG Zuojian
The data of insects and other arthropods in Kekexili area of Qinghai Province are from the comprehensive scientific investigation of Kekexili area from May to August 1990. The central area of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, known as the "roof of the world", is Kekexili area. Due to its high terrain, sparse vegetation, low air temperature and less rainfall, its insect fauna is extremely unique, which is a Typical Alpine insect fauna. Because of the high altitude, cold climate, low air pressure, lack of fresh water, no roads and extremely bad natural conditions in Hoh Xil area. From May 1990 to August 1990, more than 4000 specimens were collected, including ten orders of Insecta: Collembola, Ephemeroptera, zhenptera, trichophaga, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and fleas, and three other classes of invertebrates, such as Branchiopoda and labiopoda Chilopoda and Arachnida. In Insecta, Diptera is the most, followed by Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. It provides a reference for the following research.
FENG Zuojian
Certain hydrothermal conditions and soil conditions are the basis of crop growth. The Tibetan Plateau covers a vast area, and the changes of altitude and surface form in different areas are extremely complex. Plateau climate and soil have obvious spatial changes, so the distribution of cultivated land and crops has a large regional. There are two groups of high mountain ranges running east-west and north-south in Tibet, forming the basic framework of the plateau. The vast plateau is distributed between the mountains, and there are many low mountains, hills, lake basins and valley inlaid in the meantime, the overall terrain of the whole region gradually picked up from the southeast to the northwest, the southeast is lower, the west, the north is higher. The majestic Himalayas stand on the southern and western borders of China and India, China and Nepal, China and Tin, China and Bhutan, and China and Pakistan. With a total length of 2,400 kilometers and a mountain width of 200-300 kilometers, and an average elevation of more than 6,000 meters, they constitute a natural barrier to the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The warm and wet airflow in the Bay of Bengal is blocked by mountains. The climate on the southern slope of the Himalayas is warm and humid, while that on the northern foothills of the Himalayas is warm and cool and dry, forming two different climate regions on the southern and northern slopes. The south side of the Himalayas mountain rivers deep, mountain canyon landform. The valley is more than 3000 meters above sea level, and the climate is warm and humid. The soil types are rich, mainly including mountain yellow soil, mountain brown soil, mountain brown soil and mountain meadow soil, etc. The soil is acidic to neutral, and contains rich humus, high nitrogen content, coarse texture and good permeability. Abundant surface runoff, irrigation conditions are better. However, due to terrain limitations, most of the land cannot be used because the slope is greater than 25 degrees, and most of the land is covered by forests. Arable land is mainly distributed in the valley below 4000 meters, the area is very limited.
LU Jimei
Naked barley, called highland barley in Tibet, is the main crop of the Tibetan plateau and the main food of the Tibetan people. It has a long planting history, the largest planting area, the widest distribution and the highest planting ceiling. As for the autonomous region, the annual sown area and total grain output account for more than half of the total sown area and total grain output. In river valleys below 4,200 meters, they account for 30-50% of the area sown to local crops. In the alpine farming area of 4,200-4,500 meters above sea level, it accounts for 70-90% of the planting area of local crops. Naked barley is almost the only crop at agricultural sites above 4,500 meters. Tibetan bare barley has strong cold and drought resistance and ADAPTS to the plateau climate conditions. It is distributed in the vast agricultural areas and farming-pastoral interlacing areas from more than 1,000 meters to 4,500 meters above sea level. At present, the upper limit of planting reaches 4750 meters, which is the highest limit of crop distribution in Tibet. In 1974, a comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau entered Tibet from Sichuan province and carried out investigations along the route. During a survey of wild barley in Jitang district, Chaya County, Qamdo region, Tibetan members provided information about semi-wild wheat, which is similar to wheat in morphology but has broken cob at maturity, and is generally mixed with highland barley and wheat fields as a field weed. Plant specimens and seeds were collected. When the expedition team arrived at the Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology of Tibet Autonomous Region, they learned that comrades Cheng Tianqing and Dong Yuao had collected a kind of wheat with broken cob at maturity in SAN 'an Qu Lin, Longzi County, Shannan Prefecture in 1962, which belonged to the same type as the materials we had collected in other areas of Tibet. Later, in the Xigaze regional agricultural research institute, Comrade Tan Changhua said that he had also seen this kind of wheat when the cob broke at maturity in Renbu County. In addition to the above areas, this wild wheat was also found near Jiacha county, Gongga County and Longzi County in Shannan during this year's investigation. Currently known distribution areas include lancang River basin, Yarlung Zangbo River basin and Longzi River basin.
LU Jimei
Agriculture in Tibet is concentrated in the valleys of the Yarlung Zangbo River in south Tibet and the Nu, Lancang and Jinsha Rivers in east Tibet. The agricultural area of the valley accounts for 75 percent of the total cultivated land area of the autonomous region, and the grain output accounts for more than 80 percent of the total grain output of the autonomous region. Wheat and naked barley (known as highland barley in Tibet) are the main grain crops in The Tibet Autonomous Region, with the perennial sown area accounting for more than 80% of the total sown area, while the wheat and naked barley in the valley agricultural areas account for 75% of the sown area and 82% of the total yield of the region. The agricultural area of the valley is located between 28 ° and 31° north latitude, 2700 -- 4100 meters above sea level. It belongs to the temperate climate of the plateau, with better soil and water conservancy conditions and higher crop yield. But before liberation, under the dark feudal serfdom, the people lived in extreme poverty, and agricultural production was very backward, with the yield of grain per mu only over 100 jin. After liberation, especially since 1972, winter wheat was widely promoted in the agricultural areas of the valley, which promoted the reform of the farming system and significantly increased grain output. In 1975, the total grain output of the region increased by more than 50 percent compared with 1965, and by more than 1.5 times that of 1958 before the democratic reform. In 1977, the area sown with winter wheat was nearly 700,000 mu, accounting for about 20 percent of the grain sown area. The planting area of winter wheat has expanded from areas with an altitude of less than 3,000 meters to areas with an altitude of less than 4,100 meters, and the Tibetan Plateau has developed from a historical area of spring wheat into an area where both spring and winter wheat are grown. In 1977, the average yield of winter wheat per mu in the agricultural areas of the valley exceeded 400 jin, and that of bare barley and spring wheat also reached 300 jin per mu.
LU Jimei
The animal resources and their reasonable protection, development and utilization in Hoh Xil area of Qinghai Province are based on the comprehensive scientific investigation of Hoh Xil area carried out from May to August 1990. With the rapid increase of population in this century and the increasing intensity of human demand for natural resources, the resources have been seriously damaged, and the deterioration of natural environment and the increasing depletion of resources have become the focus of the world One of the most prominent problems in the world. In particular, the living environment of wild animals is still in a completely natural state, which is rare on earth. Most of Hoh Xil area is still a no man's land. It retains the original state of the ecosystem, and is also a refuge for many rare and unique resource animals. Therefore, it is a rare treasure land with rich animal resources in China and the world. Because of the bad natural conditions and the extremely difficult transportation in Hoh Xil area, zoologists have not been involved in this area for a long time. From May to August 1990, the animal group of the national comprehensive scientific investigation team of Hoh Xil region had the honor to go deep into the region to carry out resource investigation. They had a relatively clear understanding of the resource background and mastered a large number of first-hand materials, thus filling the scientific blank of animal resources in this region.
FENG Zuojian
People in the plain often have altitude reaction after entering Tibet. In order to deeply analyze the change pattern of genomic expression profile in the process of altitude response and altitude acclimation. Based on the mRNA transcriptome sequencing method, we have obtained the transcriptome sequencing data of 46 individuals before entering Tibet (collection place: Chongqing). We first collected the peripheral blood samples of 46 plain Han individuals, treated the peripheral blood with red blood cell lysate (Tiangen), centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min, separated and extracted white blood cells, and extracted the total RNA of each sample by Trizol method. Then 46 libraries were constructed by poly (a) capture method. Poly (a) + mRNA library was isolated from 1 g total RNA of each sample with oligo (DT) beads. The construction of RNA SEQ library was carried out according to the preparation scheme of truseq RNA library. The 46 RNA libraries were double ended sequenced using novaseq platform. The sequencing results were 150 BP reads fastq files, and the data volume of each sample exceeded 6.0 GBP. The transcriptome data of plain people before entering Tibet can be used as the baseline data after entering Tibet. By comparing and analyzing the transcriptome data of plain people before and after entering Tibet, screening the significantly differentially expressed genes before and after entering Tibet, and annotating the biological functions of differentially expressed genes, we can deeply analyze the gene expression change mode and function regulation network mechanism in the process of altitude reaction and altitude acclimatization.
KONG Qingpeng
In order to collect the special germplasm resources of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and excavate the molecular markers affecting the special germplasm resources, individual sheep with excellent ectopic spots were selected for marker assisted selection, propagation and generation breeding according to the genetic marker information, so as to cultivate the families of special germplasm resources. In 2021, this sub project (2019QZKK05010704) widely collected samples of Qinghai Tibetan sheep and Qinghai fine wool sheep in Haibei, Qinghai, and continued to establish and expand the first and second core groups in Ledu agricultural experimental station and Qinghai Sanjiaocheng sheep breeding farm. This data set contains the basic information of 1050 tissue samples, including variety, collection place, collection time, gender, tissue type, preservation method, etc.
ZHAO Kai
In order to analyze the genomic characteristics, domestication, population history, genetic diversity and population differentiation characteristics of large forehead cattle, as well as the genetic basis of excellent meat economic traits of large forehead cattle, this sub project (2019QZKK05010703) investigated the genetic resources of Dulong cattle and Gaofeng cattle in Kunming and Wenshan Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province in 2021, and collected tissue samples of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney. Provide scientific theoretical reference for the protection, development and utilization of large cattle germplasm resources, and promote the development of high-end beef cattle industry in China. This data set contains individual photos and tissue sample information table, which records basic information such as variety, collection place, collection time, sample type, sampling position and so on.
LI Yan
In order to analyze the animal diversity pattern of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and establish the corresponding animal specimen database. In 2021, this sub project (2019QZKK05010109) focused on Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. A total of 271 specimens of local wild animals, such as Apodemus agrarius and social rats, were collected. The solid samples include animal individuals, skins, tissues, etc. This data set contains one specimen information table (271 copies), one tissue sample information table (271 copies), and photos taken by Tibet Chayu moto infrared camera. The sample information table contains basic sample information such as species, variety, detailed sampling place, sample type, collection time, collector and storage method, which is stored in the form of Excel. Photos, stored in JPG format.
LI Xueyou
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of important rodents in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, clarify their related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource bank. In 2021, this sub project (2019QZKK05010410) focused on the investigation of plateau pika in Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Golog Prefecture and Hainan prefecture, Qinghai. A total of 200 plateau pika samples were collected, and the solid samples were spleen and lung tissues. This data set contains a sample information table and habitat photos, work photos and work videos. The sample information table contains basic sample information such as species, gender, detailed sampling place, altitude, sample type, collection time, collector and storage method, which are stored in the form of Excel.
QU Jiapeng
The dataset includes pictures of culturable bacterial colonies from Amuco (AMC), Bangkog Co (BGC), Palung 4 glacier (PL4) and Yuzhufeng (YZF) ice core on the Tibetan Plateau, which can reflect basic information such as color and transparency of colonies. A table of information is attached, including the latitude and longitude of the colony's origin, water depth and color, etc. In this experiment, different bacteria were isolated from ice, snow, lake and other habitats on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. These bacteria show different colors, which may be related to the bacteria adapting to the environment of strong radiation, low temperature and oligotrophic on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and adapting to the harsh environment through different pigment production capacity. The colonies are obtained by coating the lake water plate and culturing at low temperature (4 ℃) (R2A medium, etc.) to determine that they are pollution-free and single colonies. 16S rRNA full-length sequencing will be carried out for the obtained single colony, and whether it is a new species will be determined by 97% similarity; If the sequence similarity between this strain and the most similar strain is less than 97%, a whole genome mapping will be carried out to determine the phylogenetic relationship of this strain in the corresponding genera, families and even phyla, and determine whether this strain has a new developmental status to supplement the microbial diversity of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau.
LIU Yongqin
Contact Support
Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS
0931-4967287
poles@itpcas.ac.cn
Links
National Tibetan Plateau Data CenterFollow Us
A Big Earth Data Platform for Three Poles © 2018-2020 No.05000491 | All Rights Reserved
｜ 
No.11010502040845
Tech Support: westdc.cn
