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This dataset obtained from an observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of Huailai station from January 1 to December 31, 2019. The site (115.7923° E, 40.3574° N) was located on a cropland (maize surface) which is near Donghuayuan town of Huailai city, Hebei Province. The elevation is 480 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 m, towards north), wind speed and direction profile (3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 m, towards north), air pressure (in the box), rain gauge (3 m, south of tower), four-component radiometer (4 m, south of tower), two infrared temperature sensors (4 m, south of tower, vertically downward), photosynthetically active radiation (4 m, south of tower, vertically upward), soil heat flux (3 duplicates, -0.06 m), a TCAV averaging soil thermocouple probe (-0.02, -0.04 m), soil temperature profile (-0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m), soil moisture profile (-0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m).

The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_3 m, Ta_5 m, Ta_10 m, Ta_15 m, Ta_20 m, Ta_30 m, and Ta_40 m; RH_3 m, RH_5 m, RH_10 m, RH_15 m, RH_20 m, RH_30 m, and RH_40 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_3 m, Ws_5 m, Ws_15 m, Ws_20 m, Ws_30 m, and Ws_40 m) (m/s), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IRT_2) (℃), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (μmol/ (s m-2)), average soil temperature (TCAV, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, and Gs_3) (W/m^2), soil temperature (Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_80 cm, Ts_120 cm, and Ts_160 cm) (℃), soil moisture (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_80 cm, Ms_120 cm, and Ms_160 cm) (%, volumetric water content).

The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The missing data were denoted by -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2019-6-10 10:30. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red.

For more information, please refer to Guo et al. (2020) (for sites information), Liu et al. (2013) for data processing) in the Citation section.

File naming and required software

Year+** Haihe River+ site no + AWS.

Data Citations Data citation guideline What's data citation?

Liu, S., Xiao, Q., Xu, Z., Bai, J. (2021). Multi-scale surface flux and meteorological elements observation dataset in the Hai River Basin(Huailai station-automatic weather station-40m tower, 2019). A Big Earth Data Platform for Three Poles, DOI: 10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.271098. CSTR: 18406.11.Meteoro.tpdc.271098. (Download the reference： RIS | Bibtex )

1. Liu, S.M., Xu, Z.W., Zhu, Z.L., Jia, Z.Z., &Zhu, M.J. (2013). Measurements of evapotranspiration from eddy-covariance systems and large aperture scintillometers in the Hai River Basin, China. Journal of Hydrology, 487, 24-38.( View Details | Bibtex)

2. Guo, A.L., Liu, S.M., Zhu, Z.L., Xu, Z.W., Xiao, Q., Ju, Q., Zhang, Y., & Yang, X.F. (2020). Impact of Lake/Reservoir Expansion and Shrinkage on Energy and Water Vapor Fluxes in the Surrounding Area. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, e2020JD032833. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032833.( View Details | Bibtex)

Using this data, the data citation is required to be referenced and the related literatures are suggested to be cited.

References literature

1.Liu, S.M., Xu, Z.W., Song, L.S., Zhao, Q.Y., Ge, Y., Xu, T.R., Ma, Y.F., Zhu, Z.L., Jia, Z.Z., &Zhang, F. (2016). Upscaling evapotranspiration measurements from multi-site to the satellite pixel scale over heterogeneous land surfaces. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 230-231, 97-113. (View Details | Download )

2.Xu, Z.W., Liu, S.M., Li, X., Shi, S.J., Wang, J.M., Zhu, Z.L., Xu, T.R., Wang, W.Z., &Ma, M.G. (2013). Intercomparison of surface energy flux measurement systems used during the HiWATER-MUSOEXE. Journal of Geophysical Research, 118, 13140-13157. (View Details | Download )

3.Jia, Z.Z., Liu, S.M., Xu, Z.W,, Chen, Y.J., & Zhu, M.J. (2012). Validation of remotely sensed evapotranspiration over the Hai River Basin, China. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117(D13). (View Details | Download )

4.Liu, S.M., Lu, L., Mao, D., & Jia, L. (2007). Evaluating parameterizations of aerodynamic resistance to heat transfer using field measurements. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11(2), 769-283. (View Details | Download )

5.Lu, L., Liu, S.M., Xu, Z.W., Yang, K., Cai, X.H., Jia, L., & Wang, J.M. (2009). The characteristics and parameterization of aerodynamic roughness length over heterogeneous surfaces. Advances in atmospheric sciences, 26(1), 180-190. (View Details | Download )

6.Liu, S.M., Xu, Z.W., Wang, W.Z., Bai, J., Jia, Z., Zhu, M., & Wang, J.M. (2011). A comparison of eddy-covariance and large aperture scintillometer measurements with respect to the energy balance closure problem. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15(4), 1291-1306. (View Details | Download )

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