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This dataset includes data recorded by the Cold and Arid Research Network of Lanzhou university obtained from an observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of Suganhu Station from January 1 to December 31, 2021. The site (94.125° E, 38.992° N) was located on a wetland in the Suganhu west lake, Gansu Province. The elevation is 2823 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (4m and 8m, towards north), wind speed and direction profile (windsonic; 4m and 8m, towards north), air pressure (1m), rain gauge (4m), infrared temperature sensors (4 m, towards south, vertically downward), soil heat flux (-0.05 and -0.1m ), soil temperature/ moisture/ electrical conductivity profile (below the vegetation in the south of tower, -0.1, -0.2 and -0.4m), photosynthetically active radiation (4 m, towards south), four-component radiometer (4 m, towards south), sunshine duration sensor(4 m, towards south).

The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_1_4_1, Ta_1_8_1; RH_1_4_1, RH_1_8_1) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (WS_1_4_1, WS_1_8_1) (m/s), wind direction (WD_1_4_1, WD_1_8_1) (°), air pressure (PA_1_1_1) (hpa), precipitation (P_1_4_1) (mm), four-component radiation (SWIN_1_4_1, incoming shortwave radiation; SWOUT_1_4_1, outgoing shortwave radiation; LWIN_1_4_1, incoming longwave radiation; LWOUT_1_4_1 outgoing longwave radiation; RN_1_4_1, net radiation) (W/m^2), infrared temperature (TC_1_4_1) (℃), photosynthetically active radiation (PPFD_1_4_1) (μmol/ (s m-2)), soil heat flux (SHF_1_5_1, SHF_1_10_1) (W/m^2), soil temperature (TS_1_10_1, TS_1_20_1, TS_1_40_1) (℃), soil moisture (SWC_1_10_1, SWC_1_20_1, SWC_1_40_1) (%, volumetric water content), soil conductivity (EC_1_10_1, EC_1_20_1, EC_1_40_1)(μs/cm), Sun_time_1_4_1 (h).

The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. Missing or abnormal data is replaced by – 6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2021-6-10 10:30.